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PAGE TWO THE NEWBERRY SUN, NEWBERRY, SOUTH CAROLINA THURSDAY, DECEMBER 17, 1959 1218 Oolltfw Str—t NEWBERRY. S. C. PUBLISHED EVERY THURSDAY O. F. Armfield, Jr., Owner Second-Class postage paid at Newberry, South Carolina. SUBSCRIPTION RATES: $2.00 per year in ad vance; six months, $1.25. COMMENTS ON MEN AND THINGS BY SPECTATOR What is truth? That was the question of Pontius Pilate. It was a very natural question; a man outside the pale of Christianity, a man of totally different rearing and antece dents, one of the Greek heritage, for example. Although Pi late was not a Greek by blood or nationality, he was living in a day when Greek culture was the dominant influence among leaders of the world. We may ask it today in our secular affairs. One man in high position tells us that we have the wea pons to repel any aggression by Russia. Then another man comes along and tells us that Russia could swallow us up at one gulp. Now then!! Says Admiral Burke, Chief of Naval Operations: “The Chief of naval operations, in a speech prepared for a meeting of the National Security Industrial Assn., declar ed that with the Polaris in the nation’s arsenal of retalia tory weapons ‘We do not have to keep piling missile on mis sile just to make sure that some missiles would survive an armed attack.’ Polaris missile submarines will be highly invulnerable because they can hide in the sea, Burke argued. ‘We can de pend on almost all of them surviving a surprise attack.’ The Navy has disclosed plans to build a few more than 40 of the nuclear-powered submarines equipped to fire hy drogen-headed missiles with a range, initially, of about 1200 miles. Burke’s remarks were prepared several days ago but they seemed to serve as a reply to a new missile-rattling speech by Soviet Premier Nikita Krushchev. Moscow, Tuesday night, released an account of Friday’s speech by Krushchev in which the Communist chief said hydrogen rockets are coming off the assembly line at one Soviet plant at the rate of 250 a year. Kruschev followed up this claim by saying the Soviet stockpile of nuclear weapons was so large that, if attacked, the USSR ‘could raze all our potential enemies off the face of the earth.’ Burke said propaganda is one way in which the Commun ists seek to eliminate the strength of the free world, and that Communist respect for this strength shows in their propaganda. ‘The Communists say that our fleets and our carriers are obsolete and that we should do away with them,’ the Ad miral said. ‘This is said simply because they have become convinced of their great value to the free world.’ ” Now hear another Admiral: ‘ U. S. Admiral Jerauld Wright, who commands NATO forces in the Atlantic, said Wednesday, Soviet missile-firing submarines will be a significant threat to nations of the Western alliance within a year. Wright predicted that by 1963 the threat will become serious as the Soviet fleet of ballistic missile submarines grows. Wright, supreme Allied commander for the Atlantic, told representatives of NATO parliaments ‘We have conclusive evidence that they (the Russians) are showing an increased interest in the East coast of North America, a key area and an industrial complex of the first importance, not omy to America, but to our NATO alliance.’ In this connection, Wright said Soviet fishing craft op erating in the North Atlantic probably are doing other things than fishing—surveying the ocean bottom and other tasks of naval importance, for example. These Soviet fishing boat operations are ‘a matter of great concern to us,’ Wright said. He spoke of the mounting Soviet missile sub menace in urging other countries of the 15-nation Atlantic Alliance to pitch in with more help in defending the sea link between North America and Europe.” Two men may have different conclusions from the same facts. It is supremely important, however, to have the facts. Better to have the truth without the interpretations than the interpretations without the truth. I’m reminded of a story in the school reader when I was a boy. Two boys—A and B—went to their grandfather’s farm for a summer visit. Upon their return they were asked about the trip. A said “Oh, I didn’t see anything; they had a lot of cows and mules and dogs; and a branch runs through the farm almost dividing it. Just a lot of land and trees, but no thing worthwhile The friend said: “Well, that was a dull time you had; I’m glad I wasn’t there.” Then “B” was asked about the trip. His face was aglow and he responded with enthusiasm: “I saw and tramped over the rolling fields and through the tall pines; and I had a good time wading in the cold water of the branch and riding the mules.” “Well, said the friend, “you had a jolly good time; I wish I could have been with you.” Soyou see: two conclusions from the same visit. And so in life. I have read an address by Mr. A. L. M. Wiggins of Harts- ville on the problem of the schools and the educational sys- The Nicest Christmas Gift FOR YOUR FAMILY WOULD BE A New Home In Coateswood For only $500.00 down, you have your choice ... and you are sure to find one to suit the \ of five beautiful homes exact needs of your These lovely three-bedroom homes are located in Newberry’s choice resi dential area—on Clarkson Avenue in Coateswood Place. Aftei you inspect these homes, you won’t believe that the price is only $10,000. These homes are brick-veneered, have hardwood floors, disappearing stairways, ample closet space, ceramic tile bath, ducted gas heat, gas wat er heater, and are located on paved streets on lots 80 feet wide by 114 feet deep. And they are equipped with city lights, water and sewerage. Local Financing Can Be Arranged With Convenient Monthly Terms For an appointment to inspect these beautiful homes, call Citizens Home Insur ance Co., Phone 242, or, after 5 p. m„ call G. Wayne Martin at Telephone 2110. Colleg-e Street Newberry, S. C. Meaning and Importance of States’ Rights The most important single domestic issue which will con front the American people when the Congress re-convenes in January is the issue of States’ Rights—the problem of preserving the rights of the several States against ever-in creasing National encroachment. It is certain that a strong, punitive so-called “civil rights” measure will be pushed by the radical forces early in the session; and, in very large measure, the future of States’ Rights in America will hinge on the outcome of the struggle which will develop over this bill. tem, in general. I shall quote from the address. “The revolution of automation, electronics and the space age require more and better trained people. The technique of industrial growth and developmnt calls for more highly educated men and women. Agriculture is no longer a science based on physical manpower but requires techniques that can be supplied only by education and brain power. Not only does leadership in finance, business, industry and agriculture require more and better trained men in their particular fields of specialization but top leadership requires a breadth of knowledge and understanding that comes only through a liberal arts education. This idea is well expressed by Irving S. Olds, Retired Chairman of the Board, United States Steel Corporation, when he says: The most difficult problems American enterprise faces today are neither scientific nor technical but lie chiefly in the realm of what is embraced in a liberal arts education.’ The objectives of an educational program should be not only mass education at a common level, but the development of men and women with superior qualifications who have potentials for top leadership. Our high schools should spot superior students and provide them with both motivation and preparation for higher education. Mass education and equality of educational opportunity may preserve our demo cracy, but we should recognize that equality of educational opportunity means the right of better students to a more challenging education; it does not mean identity of educa tional treatment for all. (1) The reorganization and modernization of the mach inery of public education at the state level. (2) A more effective and more uniform administration of the public schools at the local level. As to institutions of higher learning: (1) The advisability of increasing present relatively low college tuition fees in state supported institutions so as to share the rising costs of a college education between the student and the state. (2) The desirability of setting up junior colleges through out the state for day students. If this idea is approved, should such junior colleges be supported by the local com munities or by the state or by some plan of joint support? (3) A plan and program to secure needed support by bus iness and industry for independent colleges in South Carolina in order that these institutions may continue to carry their large share of the increasing requirements of higher edih- cation in the state.” Mr. Wiggins is one of America’s success stories; he is a North Carolinian by birth, and, like my other Banker friend, B. M. Edwards, came to South Carolina early. Those two gentlemen have contributed greatly to the State; both have responded to every call and are still responding. Mr. Wiggins, still very active (naturally, for he is in his prime) and he is keenly alert to every oppprtunity to serve his city, his county, his State and the Nation. Mr. Wiggins early proved his perspicacity by coming to Darlington County, for that County has been the Mother of more genius than any other County in the State. If it con tained only Society Hill, that would still be true. It has been my privilege to know intimately many men of surpassing qualities and pre-eminent public service, as well as notable accomplishments in business. No one surpas- ! ses Mr. Wiggins in his broad sympathy and grasps of the problems of the day. Having enjoyed a fine fellowship with the lat© James C. Self and William H. Regnery I hold them in proud and grate ful remembrance. And others, too, who have passed to the Great Service in the Master’s Kingdom. Today I am still rich in association with Messrs. Wiggins and Edwards, both, by the way, Bankers of National repu tation. Mr. Wiggins is today chairman of the Board of three great railroad systems, with all their auxiliary lines. But he will turn from the great problems of those vast enter prises to study the vexing questions of his County and State. Both Mr. Edwards and Mr. Wiggins are frequently speak ers on the questions of the day. For some years I have enjoyed another fellowchip for which I am most profoundly grateful. Good fortune came to me when I met Silas C. McMeekin, the Clemson son of old Fairfield County, whose career is one of building and man aging. People will find Mr. McMeekin always busy, always working, but gracious and smiling and ready with a word of appreciation and encouragement. After my ten years with President Leguia of Peru I felt somewhat deflated and at a loss when I came home. But or ganizing the Farmers and Taxpayers league brought about association with many men in private and public life. That was when I first had the cooperation of Edgar A. Brown and Solomon Blatt, both of whom are cherished friends, whe ther we sometimes differ or agree. After all, real friendship I is deeper than any question of the moment. It is essential that the people of this country keep in mizdl at all times a sense of the fundamental importance of States* Rights. And in order to do that, we must, of course, be very; clear in our minds as to just what we mean by the term. There are some who would have us believe that States* Rights is no more than a time-worn cliche which is employ ed by Southerners as a device to facilitate the exploitation of racial minorities. We know that this is not so. States' Rights is an endijring^and valid principle which completely transcends the issue of race. States’ Rights is simply the American term for the prin ciple of local self-government, a fundamental and inalienable human right for which, over the centuries, our ancestors^— both in Europe and in America—have fought, struggled, and died. In the establishment of our Union, we recognized this right of self-government, we incorporated it in our written Constitution, and we gave it its American name of States’ Rights. Important as this principle of self-rule is, however, Statea' Rights is more than that. In our American constitutional system, Rights is the keystone of Individual Liberty. States* Rights is one of the two main principles which the Founding Fathers built into the Constitution to insure that Americami would be forever free. The other principle relied upon by the Founders was, at course, the principle of Separation of Powers—the inde pendence of the three coordinate branches of the Nationid Government. These two devices—the Nation-State division of powers, and the separation of the judicial, legislative and executive function^—constitute the basic framework of ous* system of checks and balances. The ultimate objective of this checks-and-balances sys tem, indeed the highest purpose of government, is the pro tection of the rights and freedom of the individual citizen— the promotion and preservation of individual liberty. “Lib erty,” said Lord Acton, “is not a means to a higher political end. It is itself the highest political end.” The Founders were determined that the newly-won liber ties of the American people must be preserved. They kne^r full well that the greatest potential threat to the liberty of the individual lay in government. That is why they were insistent that the new government they were setting up b6 limited and decentralized. To this end, they carefully built the new government structure into a compound Federal Re public around two basic principles: Separation of Powers and States’ Rights. Thus we can see that States’ Rights is no more meaning less slogan, but is a vital feature—an indispensible ele-' ment, in fact—of the structure of our checks-and-balances system, which is the very basis of our individual liberty. In keeping up a constant struggle for States' Rights, we are fighting not merely for a name, but for an essential support of liberty: “the highest political end.” CAROLINA METAL WORKS Sheet Metal - Heating - Air Conditioning COLLEGE ST. EXTN. TEL. 115 A. G. McCAUGHRIN, President & Treasurer. e to Y Add de ^ n \en c ® and conve ot » mm- mm 1111 m ti orfl ®'£ l purc WS0*# AVAILABLE IN 2 GRADES: 1/4” polished plate glass and 3/16” heavy sheet. 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