The sun. [volume] (Newberry, S.C.) 1937-1972, December 17, 1959, Image 2
PAGE TWO
THE NEWBERRY SUN, NEWBERRY, SOUTH CAROLINA
THURSDAY, DECEMBER 17, 1959
1218 Oolltfw Str—t
NEWBERRY. S. C.
PUBLISHED EVERY THURSDAY
O. F. Armfield, Jr., Owner
Second-Class postage paid at Newberry, South
Carolina.
SUBSCRIPTION RATES: $2.00 per year in ad
vance; six months, $1.25.
COMMENTS ON MEN AND THINGS
BY SPECTATOR
What is truth? That was the question of Pontius Pilate.
It was a very natural question; a man outside the pale of
Christianity, a man of totally different rearing and antece
dents, one of the Greek heritage, for example. Although Pi
late was not a Greek by blood or nationality, he was living
in a day when Greek culture was the dominant influence
among leaders of the world.
We may ask it today in our secular affairs.
One man in high position tells us that we have the wea
pons to repel any aggression by Russia. Then another man
comes along and tells us that Russia could swallow us up at
one gulp. Now then!!
Says Admiral Burke, Chief of Naval Operations:
“The Chief of naval operations, in a speech prepared for
a meeting of the National Security Industrial Assn., declar
ed that with the Polaris in the nation’s arsenal of retalia
tory weapons ‘We do not have to keep piling missile on mis
sile just to make sure that some missiles would survive an
armed attack.’
Polaris missile submarines will be highly invulnerable
because they can hide in the sea, Burke argued. ‘We can de
pend on almost all of them surviving a surprise attack.’
The Navy has disclosed plans to build a few more than
40 of the nuclear-powered submarines equipped to fire hy
drogen-headed missiles with a range, initially, of about 1200
miles.
Burke’s remarks were prepared several days ago but they
seemed to serve as a reply to a new missile-rattling speech
by Soviet Premier Nikita Krushchev.
Moscow, Tuesday night, released an account of Friday’s
speech by Krushchev in which the Communist chief said
hydrogen rockets are coming off the assembly line at one
Soviet plant at the rate of 250 a year.
Kruschev followed up this claim by saying the Soviet
stockpile of nuclear weapons was so large that, if attacked,
the USSR ‘could raze all our potential enemies off the face
of the earth.’
Burke said propaganda is one way in which the Commun
ists seek to eliminate the strength of the free world, and
that Communist respect for this strength shows in their
propaganda.
‘The Communists say that our fleets and our carriers are
obsolete and that we should do away with them,’ the Ad
miral said. ‘This is said simply because they have become
convinced of their great value to the free world.’ ”
Now hear another Admiral:
‘ U. S. Admiral Jerauld Wright, who commands NATO
forces in the Atlantic, said Wednesday, Soviet missile-firing
submarines will be a significant threat to nations of the
Western alliance within a year.
Wright predicted that by 1963 the threat will become
serious as the Soviet fleet of ballistic missile submarines
grows.
Wright, supreme Allied commander for the Atlantic, told
representatives of NATO parliaments ‘We have conclusive
evidence that they (the Russians) are showing an increased
interest in the East coast of North America, a key area and
an industrial complex of the first importance, not omy to
America, but to our NATO alliance.’
In this connection, Wright said Soviet fishing craft op
erating in the North Atlantic probably are doing other
things than fishing—surveying the ocean bottom and other
tasks of naval importance, for example.
These Soviet fishing boat operations are ‘a matter of
great concern to us,’ Wright said. He spoke of the mounting
Soviet missile sub menace in urging other countries of the
15-nation Atlantic Alliance to pitch in with more help in
defending the sea link between North America and Europe.”
Two men may have different conclusions from the same
facts. It is supremely important, however, to have the facts.
Better to have the truth without the interpretations than
the interpretations without the truth.
I’m reminded of a story in the school reader when I was
a boy.
Two boys—A and B—went to their grandfather’s farm
for a summer visit. Upon their return they were asked about
the trip. A said “Oh, I didn’t see anything; they had a lot
of cows and mules and dogs; and a branch runs through the
farm almost dividing it. Just a lot of land and trees, but no
thing worthwhile The friend said: “Well, that was a dull
time you had; I’m glad I wasn’t there.” Then “B” was asked
about the trip. His face was aglow and he responded with
enthusiasm: “I saw and tramped over the rolling fields and
through the tall pines; and I had a good time wading in the
cold water of the branch and riding the mules.” “Well, said
the friend, “you had a jolly good time; I wish I could have
been with you.” Soyou see: two conclusions from the same
visit. And so in life.
I have read an address by Mr. A. L. M. Wiggins of Harts-
ville on the problem of the schools and the educational sys-
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Meaning and Importance of States’ Rights
The most important single domestic issue which will con
front the American people when the Congress re-convenes
in January is the issue of States’ Rights—the problem of
preserving the rights of the several States against ever-in
creasing National encroachment. It is certain that a strong,
punitive so-called “civil rights” measure will be pushed by
the radical forces early in the session; and, in very large
measure, the future of States’ Rights in America will hinge
on the outcome of the struggle which will develop over this
bill.
tem, in general. I shall quote from the address.
“The revolution of automation, electronics and the space
age require more and better trained people. The technique
of industrial growth and developmnt calls for more highly
educated men and women. Agriculture is no longer a science
based on physical manpower but requires techniques that
can be supplied only by education and brain power.
Not only does leadership in finance, business, industry
and agriculture require more and better trained men in
their particular fields of specialization but top leadership
requires a breadth of knowledge and understanding that
comes only through a liberal arts education. This idea is
well expressed by Irving S. Olds, Retired Chairman of the
Board, United States Steel Corporation, when he says: The
most difficult problems American enterprise faces today
are neither scientific nor technical but lie chiefly in the realm
of what is embraced in a liberal arts education.’
The objectives of an educational program should be not
only mass education at a common level, but the development
of men and women with superior qualifications who have
potentials for top leadership. Our high schools should spot
superior students and provide them with both motivation
and preparation for higher education. Mass education and
equality of educational opportunity may preserve our demo
cracy, but we should recognize that equality of educational
opportunity means the right of better students to a more
challenging education; it does not mean identity of educa
tional treatment for all.
(1) The reorganization and modernization of the mach
inery of public education at the state level.
(2) A more effective and more uniform administration
of the public schools at the local level.
As to institutions of higher learning:
(1) The advisability of increasing present relatively low
college tuition fees in state supported institutions so as to
share the rising costs of a college education between the
student and the state.
(2) The desirability of setting up junior colleges through
out the state for day students. If this idea is approved,
should such junior colleges be supported by the local com
munities or by the state or by some plan of joint support?
(3) A plan and program to secure needed support by bus
iness and industry for independent colleges in South Carolina
in order that these institutions may continue to carry their
large share of the increasing requirements of higher edih-
cation in the state.”
Mr. Wiggins is one of America’s success stories; he is a
North Carolinian by birth, and, like my other Banker friend,
B. M. Edwards, came to South Carolina early. Those two
gentlemen have contributed greatly to the State; both have
responded to every call and are still responding.
Mr. Wiggins, still very active (naturally, for he is in his
prime) and he is keenly alert to every oppprtunity to serve
his city, his county, his State and the Nation.
Mr. Wiggins early proved his perspicacity by coming to
Darlington County, for that County has been the Mother
of more genius than any other County in the State. If it con
tained only Society Hill, that would still be true.
It has been my privilege to know intimately many men
of surpassing qualities and pre-eminent public service, as
well as notable accomplishments in business. No one surpas-
! ses Mr. Wiggins in his broad sympathy and grasps of the
problems of the day.
Having enjoyed a fine fellowship with the lat© James C.
Self and William H. Regnery I hold them in proud and grate
ful remembrance. And others, too, who have passed to the
Great Service in the Master’s Kingdom.
Today I am still rich in association with Messrs. Wiggins
and Edwards, both, by the way, Bankers of National repu
tation. Mr. Wiggins is today chairman of the Board of three
great railroad systems, with all their auxiliary lines. But
he will turn from the great problems of those vast enter
prises to study the vexing questions of his County and State.
Both Mr. Edwards and Mr. Wiggins are frequently speak
ers on the questions of the day.
For some years I have enjoyed another fellowchip for
which I am most profoundly grateful. Good fortune came to
me when I met Silas C. McMeekin, the Clemson son of old
Fairfield County, whose career is one of building and man
aging. People will find Mr. McMeekin always busy, always
working, but gracious and smiling and ready with a word of
appreciation and encouragement.
After my ten years with President Leguia of Peru I felt
somewhat deflated and at a loss when I came home. But or
ganizing the Farmers and Taxpayers league brought about
association with many men in private and public life. That
was when I first had the cooperation of Edgar A. Brown and
Solomon Blatt, both of whom are cherished friends, whe
ther we sometimes differ or agree. After all, real friendship
I is deeper than any question of the moment.
It is essential that the people of this country keep in mizdl
at all times a sense of the fundamental importance of States*
Rights. And in order to do that, we must, of course, be very;
clear in our minds as to just what we mean by the term.
There are some who would have us believe that States*
Rights is no more than a time-worn cliche which is employ
ed by Southerners as a device to facilitate the exploitation
of racial minorities. We know that this is not so. States'
Rights is an endijring^and valid principle which completely
transcends the issue of race.
States’ Rights is simply the American term for the prin
ciple of local self-government, a fundamental and inalienable
human right for which, over the centuries, our ancestors^—
both in Europe and in America—have fought, struggled,
and died. In the establishment of our Union, we recognized
this right of self-government, we incorporated it in our
written Constitution, and we gave it its American name of
States’ Rights.
Important as this principle of self-rule is, however, Statea'
Rights is more than that. In our American constitutional
system, Rights is the keystone of Individual Liberty. States*
Rights is one of the two main principles which the Founding
Fathers built into the Constitution to insure that Americami
would be forever free.
The other principle relied upon by the Founders was, at
course, the principle of Separation of Powers—the inde
pendence of the three coordinate branches of the Nationid
Government. These two devices—the Nation-State division
of powers, and the separation of the judicial, legislative and
executive function^—constitute the basic framework of ous*
system of checks and balances.
The ultimate objective of this checks-and-balances sys
tem, indeed the highest purpose of government, is the pro
tection of the rights and freedom of the individual citizen—
the promotion and preservation of individual liberty. “Lib
erty,” said Lord Acton, “is not a means to a higher political
end. It is itself the highest political end.”
The Founders were determined that the newly-won liber
ties of the American people must be preserved. They kne^r
full well that the greatest potential threat to the liberty of
the individual lay in government. That is why they were
insistent that the new government they were setting up b6
limited and decentralized. To this end, they carefully built
the new government structure into a compound Federal Re
public around two basic principles: Separation of Powers
and States’ Rights.
Thus we can see that States’ Rights is no more meaning
less slogan, but is a vital feature—an indispensible ele-'
ment, in fact—of the structure of our checks-and-balances
system, which is the very basis of our individual liberty. In
keeping up a constant struggle for States' Rights, we are
fighting not merely for a name, but for an essential support
of liberty: “the highest political end.”
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