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PAGE TWO 1218 College Street NEWBERRY, S. C. PUBLISHED EVERY THURSDAY O. F. Armfield, Jr., Owner Entered as second-class matter December 6, 1937 at the Postoffice at Newberry, South Carolina, under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879. SUBSCRIPTION RATES: $2.00 per year in ad vance; six months, $1.25. “ALV’ A Great Fellow He’s a great fellow, this guy “AL.” He likes fun and has lots of it at Conventions and other State and National meet ings. He likes the local affairs best—and is considered a stand-out at picnics, pitch-in suppers and fish fries. He’s a regular guy. “AL” begins the preamble to his constitution with the words “For God and Country.” He doesn’t care what church you attend, but sponsors a “Back To God” program and urges daily family prayer. Our friend “AL” is The American Legion—as you might have guessed by now. “AL” has more than 17,000 Posts and close to three mil lion members. We salute this great veterans organization, which is the choice of presidents and GI men of distinction everywhere. “AL”—The American Legion—is the voice of the veterans being heard throughout the land. “AL” needs the help of every eligible veteran to keep this voice strong. If you are a veteran of World War I,World War II, or the Korean War—and have an honorable discharge—this news paper in behalf of our local Post invites you to join The American Legion. We are glad to extend this invitation for our friend “AL.” COMMENTS ON MEN AND THINGS By SPECTATOR Research—Key To Opportunity “While the research is conducted by small as well as by big firms the bulk of it is performed by large corporations. This is because of the cost and risk involved. Many millions of dollars invested over long periods of experimentation are necessary for the development of important new products. For example, duPont spent $43 million, over a period of eighteen years, in developing the dyestuffs industry in the United States before profits offset accumulated losses, while nylon required an expenditure of $27 million in a twelve-year period before the sale of the first pound which was made in a commercial unit. In the case of the ‘Disposal!’ for dispos ing of kitchen waste, the General Electric Company required nineteen years after the commencement of its research on the product before an over-all profit was shown. That these technological projects involve great risk is indicated by the fact that only one out of twenty research undertakings is successful. But the benefits of effective research are shared by all. Not only does research provide ‘more goods for more people at less cost’ but also it is the chief source of creating jobs. It is estimated that one half of those employed in this • country hold jobs that are baseji upon products from the re search laboratories. Big business with its research facilities, mass production, low unit costs, and scientific know-how has provided the majority of people with things that would otherwise be be yond their reach. The record speaks for itself. In this coun try there are 45 million automobiles 46 million radio sets, 28 million television sets, 44 million telephones, 40 million re frigerators, and so on/ In other words, large-scale production has made it possible for all groups to share in the wonders of qur age. American industrial and technological know-how is npt only the most creative, but also the most powerful force in the world. It was'the chief contributing factor in the win ning of two world wars, and upon it freedom-loving people everywhere depend as the principal bulwark against Com munist aggression. Small bussiness is not being driven out because of great corporations, as can be shown by figures compiled by the United States Department of Commerce. Since 1900, the •• number, of firms in business has more than kept pace with the growth in population. From 1944 to 1952, the average number of concerns in operation in this country increased roughly from 3 million to 4 million, a gain of 33 1/3 percent, while during this period the population of the United States increased by only 13 percent. This growth is a healthy de velopment. Furthermore small firms are not being squeezed out of income opportunities. Based upon a study by The Brookings Institution, it was found that the share of na tional income received by small—and medium-sized firms in creased from 1929 to 1948, whereas that of large corpora tions decreased. As a matter of fact, there is no real conflict between big and small firms. While auto production in this country is highly concen trated, there are approximately 25,000 outside suppliers of materials, parts, and services of one kind or another. Fur thermore, about 1,000 independent concerns make tires, bat teries, upholstery fabrics, car frames, and accessories. It is estimated that more than one person out of seven earns a living at tasks related to the automobile industry. A business that is big and growing demonstrates that it is holding the confidence of its customers and is giving satisfactory service. On the other hand, if a firm's prices are THE NEWBERRY SUN THURSDAY, OCTOBER 28, 1954 WAKE UP! UjSE THIS FRANCHISE OF FREEDOM ! YOUR VOTE MAY BE THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN EFFICIENCY OR INEFFICIENCY IN GOVERNMENT either locally,state-wide or nationally !! don’t BE A SLACKER y * B LBO ^TVW-Ar-HOME IRA IHOI* fy.w.y.s. t too high or the quality of its product is inferior, the con sumer will whittle the company down to size. So consumers by their preference decide whether a company will continue to live and grow. The large corporation cannot maintain its position unless it is alert, constantly adapts itself to changing conditions, and effectively serves the public. Those who rest on their oars are dislodged. The pressure of scien tific progress keeps the list of top corporations in a state of flux. The turnover is large as leaders are replaced by new comers, and some former industrial giants have passed out of the picture. Of the twenty-five largest manufacturing companies which published balance sheets in 1900, only two were in this top group in 1953. And of the current twenty- five largest, twelve were not even in existence in 1900. In our dynamic economy, mere large size is no assurance of security, as strong competitive forces can tomorrow re place the big corporation with the infant of today. Even where a few firms account for the major portion of output of a particular product, competition is vigorous among the producers. Coal, gas, and fuel oil compete with one another in the heating of homes. In the building industry, cement, brick, steel, copper, glass, plastics, aluminum, and many other products are offered as substitutes for lumber. In textiles, a wide choice is provided by dacron, orlon, nylon, rayon, and the various mixtures that compete with cotton and wool. Not only is there sharp rivalry among commodites for the same use, but also in a larger sense all commodities are competing with onp another for the consumer’s dollar. Its special field of operation is in lines that call for a large investment of capital such as automobiles, chemicals, coal, petroleum, public utilities, railroads, rubber, steel, sugar re fining, tobacco, and the like. Capital investment in this country averages around $10,000 per production worker, but in some lines it exceeds $83,000. During the past decade, more than $213 billion was spent on plant and equipment in order to provide for the rising living standard of bur peo ple and the growing demands of national security.” This I quote from The New England Letter of The First National Bank of Boston. Interesting Bit Of History Were the signers of the Ordinance of Secession rich men? As to our South Carolina signers there were farmers, plant ers, lawyers, with ministers, physicians, merchants, to gether wit ha broker and a Rail Road President, with an In surance man and two teachers. Some were men of small means, ranging from $8,500 to more than two million dol lars. That resplendent figure of fabulous wealth came from Clarendon County—John L. Manning—and is listed as a “farmer”; whereas some men owning ten per cent of that great wealth are referred to as “planters.” Gabriel Manigault appears as a planter, though he had only three slaves and real estate valued at $35,000. “Farmer John L. Manning had 648 slaves. Mr. Manning’s $2,000,000 would easily be $10,000,000 today. He was the rich man of the South Carolina Secession Convention. That interesting information I find in the October num ber of The South Carolina Historical Magazine, published by the South Carolina Historical Society, Charleston. Is This Farm Familiar? How To Keep ’Em On The Farm k -I r» :•■;?** I . §§£ ... .v m m This farm, fifth in a series, has been identified by the owners, Mr. and Mrs. George E. Stone. Since so many persons correctly guessed the identity of the farm, their names will be printed elsewhere. Mrs. James D. Brown, Main street, Newberry, called in the correct answer first. She will receive two free tickets to the Wells Theatre for next week. — ■ — r - — '0$ ANNOUNCEMENTS of large grants in aid to the states for educational purposes and for ex penses of holding state educational conferences from appropriations made by the 83rd Congress lead to the query “Whatever has be come of the President’s Commis sion for Intergovernmental Re lations?” Little if anything has been heard from this commission since it’s Chairman, Clarence Manion, was fired by President Eisenhower be cause he refused to obey orders and continued to pump for passage of the ill-fated Bricker amend ment. This amendment it will be remembered would have cut the treaty and other powers of the President considerably. But brave things were expected from the Commission in separating the taxing and other poyers of the states from those of the Federal government. It may I'-e now, that the reactivated Hoover commission may be assuming some of the func tions of the inactive Manion Com mission. At any rate it is not believed that any of the states will refuse to accept their share of the grants forthcoming from the $700,000.00 appropriated by the 83rd Congress toward paying ^expenses of state educational confereneces. These conferences are to be held prior to a White House conference on education. Probably there is not an educa tor, nor school teacher, nor a member of parent-teacher associa tions ir any state in the union who cannot tell you today what is wrong with the public school sys tem. * ; All this costs money. States have tbeen jealous of their s.chool systems, as to their own responsi bilities. They have up to now brooked no federal interference ... in many instances have even been opposed to federal aid even for school buses. The congress has been careful when appropriating money even for school lunches, not to tie any strings to the money. But state taxes are high and go ing up. The states are really up against it to provide the necessary funds for the tremendous need for modernization of the school sys tem. Only petitions for help have come from areas in which Fed eral installations have unduly bur dened the school system of that area and for these purposes con gress has doled but some $55 mil lion, $10 billion of which was allo cated to 95 communities in 30 states. But what tiie 83rd congress has just done in providing funds for holding state educational confer ences sets a precedent in the edu cational field. The question is, will the 84th Congress be asked for more federal grants-in-aid for state school systems, at a time when the Eisenhower administration is seek ing as a matter of policy to elim inate the grant system insofar as possible. Under the distribution for state educational conference expenses, as outlined by the Federal Office of Education, the grants range from a minimum of $5,000 up to $61,908 for the State of New York. Other states in the first five brackets are California, $49,155; Pennsylvania, $42,870; Illinois, $36,304 and Ohio $33,747. The states receiving the $5,000 minimum are Idaho, Mon tana, Nevada, New Hampshire, North Dakota, Rhode Island, Utah, Vermont, Wyoming, District of Co lumbia, Alaska, Hawaii and the Virgin Islands. ‘How you gon to keep ’em down on the farm, after they’ve seen Paree”? Was very popular just after the First World War. It is still a problem, even without Paree. I quote a story from The News & Courier: “How are you going to' keep the kids on the farm? Every once in a while that question hits some parents. How is he going to keep his sons, his own flesh and blood, working the land he loves and desperately hopes they will love after they grow up and see the attractions of the city? John Stamy, who runs a dairy farm, has felt the chal lenge in the age-old question and is determined to do some thing about it. He is trying to make life on his farm so at tractive his four young sons will want to make agriculture their careers. ‘We’ll be heartbroken if we can’t build this place into something that our boys will want to take over before we’re gone,’ says the 36-year-old Cumberland County farmer. The weapon Stamy has chosen to defend his way of life is electricity. He has hitched every possible farm job to a machine. He hopes by thus removing the necessity for menial, backbreaking human labor, his boys will look upon the glitter of the city with eyes less envious than those whose days were a succession of distasteful chores. If Stamy turned on every electrical device at his dis posal he would tap enough current to light more than 2,000 regular 75-watt house bulbs. Every farm operation—the house or in work buildings—that could economically be done by electricity has been mechanized. The barn gutters are cleaned by an electrically operated cleaning machine'. Feed is ground automatically by a machine equipped with a time clock that can switch it on or off. Electricity fills the silo and unloads it, while electric milk ing machines milk the cows and pump the milk through 600 feet of glas tubing into a 1,000-gallon refrigerated tank. They wanted a place to demonstrate how electricity could be put to work to lighten the load of the farmer. And the idea appealed to Stamy, who was looking for anything that would help keep his sons enthusiastic about farming. Between Stamy and the two companies a plan was evolved. Stamy would foot the bill for some of the electrical appliances and equipment while PP&L would pay for the costs of some of the wiring in conjunction with the National Electrical Manufacturers Assn. Stamy bought the farm in 1936 with borrowed capital. The farm is paid off and a 132 cow pure bred herd has been built up. In the house, Mrs. Stamy has more than 54 seperate circuits at her beck and call to run ap pliances, ranging from air conditioners to electric blankets.” Our South Carolina farniers are forgoing rapidly ahead. Electricity has been a great factor in our development and it is doing more every day. I think South Carolina farms are about 90% “electrified. Let’s make it 100%. Y 'fc AUTHOR OF "HOW TO STOP WORRYING AND START LIVING / V’**3 L OUIS L. MASON, 1806 Oak Drive, Amarillo, Texas, says that after being discharged from the Army he started in to sow his wild oats. He had saved up a few hundred dollars from the calves that had been sold from his cows while he was in the Army, so he began having a big time with it, and it didn’t take him long to spend all he had saved. After that he sold hi# cows, one by one, and spent the money he got for them. When he finally woke up and'saw how Ignorant he had been, he started trying to get more money for another start. He went to see his banker and told / him his troubles, and his plans. The banker told him there was but one thing he could suggest: for him to find a job and get to work. Louis says he had never realized the value of those cows of his until after he had been working for awhile. His fa ther had given the cows to him when he was a small boy and he had sold them and thrown the money CARNEGIE to the birds. He has been working for six years now trying to get enough money to replace the 25 cows that he sold. He says,, “Believe me they are much harder to replace than they were to get or get rid of. But I have been taught a lesson that I will never forget. And when I do get them back I will have sense enough to keep them. The job the bank er told me to get has taught me a very important lesson.” 1 • * . m m IB S T 0 X «• .•■*** ^ . 4 m Q—Were Japan, Korea, Formosa and Indo China inclnded in the new Pacific charter pact recently signed at Manilla? A—No. The nations signing the pact known as SEATO included Aus tralia, France, New Zealand, Pakistan, The Philippines, Thailand, The United Kingdom and the United States. q—is there any time limit on the sessions of Congress? A—Yes. The constitution provides the Congress shall hold an annual meeting starting January S. The Legislative Reorganization Act requires adjournment sine die not later than July 31. Sjnco Ode congress cannot bind another, the adjournment date can be changed by a later Congress. In the McCarthy censure case a legal question has arisen. The House adjourned as required, sine die. The senate adjourned to meet later to vote on the McCarthy censure (now set at Nov. 8). but there was no change made in the Reorganization act. v Q—What authority does the Department of Interior have In A—The Department operates the Alaska Railroad, maintains an Road Commission, and an Alaskan Purchasing and Shipping Office. It also is custodian of thousands of acres of public lands, includ ing* oil-rich naval reserves. Some controversy recently has arisen over probability of opening up these oil reserves for private de velopment. Q—What is the inscription over the portico of the Supreme Court Building? A—“Equal justice under Law.” It was written by the late Justice Charles Evans Hughes. in tt WM WvZj v;:*; v;:, • > w%mm ilfl sm SNOW GIRLS ... This qaartet of now nsed to cover 184-foot afcMMe