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V THE NEWBERRY SUN, NEWBERRY, S. C. Washington Di9est Voluntary Help Can Save Europe's Dying Children s' By BAUKHAGE Netct Analyst and Commentator I 1 m It provides direct citizen-to-citizen aid which is administered carefully with experienced personnel on the scene — personnel which cuts red tape and is free from many of the rules, regulations and restrictions which a government necessarily must employ. As a matter of fact, when vhe European recovery plan was first drawn up, it was contem plated that voluntary private aid would supplement it. As an example of the type of thing Crusade for Children is designed to further: In Europe at present, there are some 50,000 distributing points, such as schools, child clinics and hospitals serviced by the Interna tional Children’s Emergency Fund of the United Nations. At schools and child centers, par ticularly through dried milk, ICEF makes a supplementary contribu tion to ,the noon meal, which costs the fund about three and a hall cents per child. The entire meal WASHINGTON—What to do until the doctor comes. Pretty important to know that. Pretty important to be willing and able to do it. There are 230 million children in this world today who need first aid. The European recovery plan (E.C.A.) will help a lot of these children who have the stamina to outlive the ugly interim period when, dirty, almost naked, they must roam the countryside or live in cellars and hovels, hungry or starving. * But the E.C.A. is a huge under taking, and like aU great bodies, it moves slowly. Anyhow, its chief purpose is to pro vide the means to restore normal conditions to the y stricken areas of Europe. It is large ly indirect aid, not gauged to indi vidual cases. Meanwhile thou sands upon thou sands of these chil dren will die. Some will be saved by individual help — your help. To make that help effec tive the many humanitarian organi zations which seek to save as many young lives as possible have been merged into one great Crusade for Children. Local groups are organiz ing in the cities. In the rural dis tricts, the Farm Grange, Farm Bu reau federation. Farmers’ Union, Council for Farm Cooperatives, U.S. department of agriculture and other groups are furthering the movement To anyone who has seen this tor tured young generation, the effect is as staggering as the sight of a battlefield. To a young soldier, there is no shock like the sight of your first dead comrade. That still form, wearing the same uniform you wear, lying crushed against the earth. To me, the shock of the sight of European children moving with the shadow of a living death upon them was a terrible thing too. I can remember getting off a train in what once had been one of the great railway stations of Europe— rubble ground into black mud, the ghastly smell of those buried deep under the foundations of ruined homes and shelters. Military police, hardened to the sights around them, walked back and forth. In the sin ister shadows of the ruins the ghost ly movement of little wraiths slip ping in and out of sight, bent on any mission, no matter how fair or foul, that would win some chocolate, a piece of K-ration, a cigarette that might be traded for some bit of food. No matter what the sins of the fathers, they could not be great enough to justify the punishment inflicted on these children. There is only one way their bodies and their souls can be saved. That Is through the groups which are sup ported by individual donations, until economic life is restored to a degree of normalcy when society can be rebuilt, broken homes mended and the institutions which can care for the homeless put into operation as a part of a healthy community existence. Government aid, like E.C.A., can not establish direct contact with the Individual. It is a matter of ar rangements drawn up between na tions. It means dollar credits which make it possible for the receiving nations to buy supplies. Some of this money, of course, goes into food. But it takes time for the machinery to get into operation, and even after it is in operation, it is inadequate to satisfy the needs of the whole people. Much of the as sistance goes into material things such as the reconstruction of fac tories, replacement and moderniza tion of tools, machinery and agri cultural supplies. Frequently, supplies of such sim ple things as rakes and shovels are Mi im This tiny child, long In need of medical aid. Is now in a hospital supported by the U.N. Internation al Children’s Emergency Fund. Funds are being raised through the Crusade for Children of American Overseas Aid-United Nations Ap peal for Children. so short that farms can’t be worked Until they are furnished. Later they will be manufactured. But that means machinery for the factories comes first. Crusade for Children Is a well- organized private effort which has the backing and cooperation of the United Nations, and the sponsor ship and approval of the govern ment from the President down. An Austrian orphan waits on snow-covered steps for the daily meal provided for him by the United Nations’ International Chil dren’s Emergency Fund. He is one of millions who would starve with out this vital service. costs only seven cents per child. One hundred dollars provides 7,500 hun gry, undernourished children one glass of milk each at every meal. But because of limited funds, ICEF is feeding only four million of Eu rope’s 30 million hungry children. Here are some of the sickening facts, carefully collected and checked by United Nations authori ties: Infant mortality in Europe and Asia has jumped from 40 deaths per 1,000 live births to as high as 330 deaths per 1,000—compared with the United States rate of 38.3 per 1,000. Tuberculosis has doubled in many areas, especially among chil dren. Lack of food has vastly in creased such diseases as rickets, scurvy and pellagra. Physical examinations in one zone (of Europe) showed that boys 14 years of age are three inches shorter than boys of the same age four years ago. This is the direct result of malnutrition. In some areas half the physicians were killed; teachers, nurses and those trained in child care are lacking. I have sat in the office of a Ger man physician—one room left liv able in a bombed house, windows boarded up to replace the smashed glass, operating room, consultation office, bedroom, living room, all to gether with an endless line of pa tients with nothing to pay for the doctor’s services which would buy anything for the doctor. That doc tor told me that because of the hope less fate of children, abortions were the rule rather than the exception, with sickness and death as the re sult. Not the government, but private, voluntary agencies can alleviate these conditions. One may feel that Europe has brought much of its anguish upon itself, but it is not the children who are to blame. As Secretary of State Marshall said: "Voluntary aid supplements the general relief which only govern ments can provide. It affords the things and services, including spir itual comfort, needed by the weak est of the war victims. . . .” • • • Secretary of State Marshall has warned South American countries that there will be no Marshall Plan for them. It appears that they either must go out and obtain private financing or work up a good Com munist threat to share in Uncle Sam’s largesse. * • • A modern president spends more effort trying to get what he wants into the papers and on the air than in finding out what’s there already COME TO THE FAIR...At a White House cerenony. President Truman received a scroll invitation to the Chicago railroad fair tram C. A. Miller, ^conductor’ of the Chicago and North Western rail way' s replica of the faced Pioneer locomotive, and Miss Nona Sykes, typical passenger of those by-gone days. The original Pioneer, first train to run west from Chicago 100 years ago, will star in the Railroad Fair scheduled for Chicago's lake front starting July 20. MANLY ART OF SELF DEFENSE.. .These two sturdy specimens of adulthood, in whom all sorts of vitamins abound, are (left) Sen. Owen Brewster (Rep., Me.) and Sen. Allen J, Ellender (Dem., La.). It wasn't a grudge fight. They merely were thrumming each other's noses with 16-ounce gloves in a one- round exhibition catch in the senate gynnasium of the capltol ■here lawmakers try to pare off the excess poundage they develop while caking laws. MEDITERRANEAN DUNKING... Dateline on this picture Just reads ‘Somewhere in the Mediterranean,' which could mean in the vicinity of Greece or Italy. At any rate, choppy seas made the rescue of three navy fliers a hazardous venture when, on maneuvers from the aircraft carrier USS Valley Forge, their torpedo-bomber crash-landed in the water. They are shown attempting to board the destroyer USS William C. Lave which put out a small boat for them. THEN THEY JOINED HANDS...On May 28 the U.S. government will Issue this commemorative ‘Four Chaplains’ stamp. This is the story behind it: The troopship S.S. Dorchester was torpedoed and sunk in the North Atlantic in February, 1943. On board were four chaplains of three faiths: Protestant ministers George L. Fox and Clark V. Poling, Father John P. Washington and Rabbi Alexander G. Goode. When the ship was hit each of the four gave his lifebelt to nearby men without them. Then they joined hands and prayed to the one God they all served for the safety of the men struggling to leave the ship. The four chaplains died together. Statements of the survivors of the sinking include these words: This is the picture engraved on our minds and hearts as the S.S. Dorchester disappeared beneath the waves.’ SECRETARY...Charles Sawyer, former U.S. ambassador to Belgiw, now a Cincinnati law yer. has been appointed by President Truman to the post of secretary of commerce. He succeeds W. Averell Harriman who has been named special U.S. ambassador to the 16 nations participating in the European recovery program. FEELING NO PAIN...Pin pricks, burns and bumps mean nothing to one-year-old Beverly Saith of Akron, Ohio, who never has felt pain in her life. Her rare condition is described by doctors as 'a state of in difference to injury of con genital origin.* HARVEST TIME...Dr. Leonard H. Newman, famed Canadian cereal- ist, has retired as the power behind the thrones of wheat kings. He developed many 1m- portant rus t - re si s t an t varieties of wheat and a new principle for milling flour to vitaminize bread. CATHOLIC MOTHER... Mrs. Richard T. McSorley of Philadelphia, mother of IS children, includ ing four priests and three nun* was named Catholic Mother of 1948 by the National Catholic Conference on Family Life. MONEY MAKER. ..Nellie Taloe Ross displays her commission as director of U. S. mint after she was sworn in for her fourth term in that office. First woman ever to occupy the post, she has held-it since 1933. WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS House Group Approves Measure To Draft Men into Armed Forces; Hope for Palestine Agreement Ebbs By Bill Schoeatgen, WNU Staff Writer ^ o-«*.«»-<»-1*-^ A General Quiz rw-fv.fv.cv.O-gv.o-.C'-O-C'-O’***-*' OLEO TAX: Fight Ahead One of the most pressing problems members of congress have had to decide this year is whether their po litical bread is spread with butter or oleomargarine. It is further complicated by the fact that they might, in choosing one or the other, be letting the gravy get away from them. For good or ill, however, the house of representatives made its decision. It passed by a vote of 260 to 106 a bill to repeal all federal oleomarga rine taxes which have been on the books for 62 years. Those taxes are itemized as fol lows: 10 cents a pound on colored oleo, 1/4 cent a pound on uncolored, $600 a year on manufacturers, $480 on wholesalers of colored oleo, $200 on wholesalers of the uncolored product, $48 on retailers of colored oleo and $6 on retailers of uncolored. Even if the federal taxes were re pealed, it still would be against the law to sell colored oleo in 20 states. Nevertheless, the house had rid it self of the matter and now it was up to the senate, where a battle royal was ip prospect. Reason the oleo tax issue has a stiff fight ahead in the senate is that senators are elected by voters of entire states, rather than by vot ers of districts within the states as are most representatives. The result, in this case, is a split in the sentiment of constituents of many senators. For example, big northern states such as Illinois, Wisconsin, Michi gan and Ohio, are composed of con sumer cities and producer farms. The country districts include dairy farmers and soy bean growers. Con sumers in cities want repeal of the taxes, and so do the soy bean men whose product is used in manufac ture of oleo. The dairy farmers, naturally, want the tax to remain. The dairy interests are strong. Their supporters in congress have been able to retain the' oleo tax by the simple process of shelving any repeal bills in committee. It hap pened to the current bill in the house agricultural committee, but a peti tion circulated among house mem bers forced the bill on to the floor where it was approved. Clouds in the East (EDITOR'S NOTE: When opinions are expressed In these columns, they are those of Western Newspaper Union’s news analysts and not necessarily of this newspaper.) DRAFT BILL: On the Way Yielding to the pressure of the times, congress was putting its hand gingerly to the business of passing a selective service act which would give .he nation’s armed forces a total manpower of slightly more than two million in two years. The house armed services commit tee had approved the measure, after hearing Defense Secretary James Forrestal term it an “excellent” one, and passed it on to the floor of the house for debate. Thus, for the first time since be fore the war, congress was facing squarely the momentous issue of a national draft. That this was hap pening during the hair-trigger days of an election year only served to underline the apparent urgency of the matter. As approved by the armed services committee, the bill would: 1 Raise total authorized manpower • of the armed forces to 2,005,882 —army 837,000, air force 502,000, navy and marine corps 666,882. 2 Require registration of men • from 18 through 30, with those from 19 through 25 liable for two years’ service. 3 Exempt most veterans from • further service, but those under 31 would have to register. 4 Allow seizure of industrial plants • by the government if they re fused to give top priorities to arma ment orders. As it stood, the draft plan was conceded to have a good chance of passage at this session of congress. But complications were being threat ened by the senate armed services cammittee which seemed inclined to combine a universal military train ing measure with the draft bill. The committee was waiting for Army Secretary Kenneth Royall to Recommend details of a bill to call 161,000 18-year-olds for a year’s train ing. feey would be taken in addi tion to men procured through the draft. As a combination, that didn’t look so good to many Republicans. Rep. Walter G. Andrews (Rep., N. Y.), chairman of the house armed service committee, called the idea "utterly foolish, inconceivable and not called for.” Amateur and professional mili tary experts now are weighing the pros and cons of "war” in the Holy Land. Palestine is completely en circled by Arab states except for its Mediterranean coastline. Nu merals indicate estimated fighting strength of the various Arab states. Jewish forces in Palestine are said to number about 75,000. JERUSALEM: Confused Time was running out in Palestine, and with it the hope for averting a Jewish-Arab civil war for possession of Jerusalem. In the waning days before Great Britain removed her troops from the Holy Land upon expiration of the British mandate on May 15, Pales tine had become a savagely con fused, moribund state. Bitterly, the United Nations trus teeship council virtually abandoned its efforts to devise an effective plan to safeguard Jerusalem from ravish ment by the warring factions. Dele gates could not hit upon a scheme that could be enforced. Nor was any Arab-Jewish agree ment in sight which mighj result in a truce necessary to give any U. N. plan a chance. Like a little boy watching his father trying to get his kite out of a tree, the council looked hopefully to Jerusalem where the Red Cross was doing its best to bring a halt to the fighting. As far as the threatened invasion of Palestine by neighboring Arab states was concerned, no one seemed able to sum up the situation accur ately. Jews were insisting, in the face of denials, that Syrian and Lebanese armies had invaded northern Pales tine, and the British were reported to have rushed troops back into the country to deal with what they called a “seriously deteriorated” situation. Still an unknown factor in the rapidly climaxing events was wily old King Abdullah of Trans-Jordan. Commander of the finest army in Arabia, the spike-helmeted Arab Le gion, he had been talking big about invading Palestine from the East. He had been talking, too, about mak ing himself king of Palestine. His ambition is a Middle East amalgam of states that would be in the nature of a greater Syria. Experts were not discounting the role Abdullah and his power-politick ing could play in the drama. In the end he could turn out to be the eat alytic agent that might bring the Un- regenerate events in Palestine to a reasonable, if not a happy, conclu sion. COVENANTS: . Just Paper In a decision which may produce more extensive reaction than any designed civil rights legislative pro gram, the U. S. supreme court hand ed down a decision that, in effect, outlaws so-called restrictive cove nants which bar racial or religious minorities from buying or occupying property in many areas throughout the country. Declaring the decision, Chief Jus tice Fred Vinson held that enforce ment of restrictive covenants by state or federal courts was a viola tion of the 14th amendment. That amendment, adopted in 1868, reads in part: "No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States . nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.” The supreme court's decision did not declare that restrictive cove nants, as such, are violations of the constitution: but by ruling that it is unconstitutional for the courts to en force the covenants it reduced them, legally, to mere scraps of paper. For the most part, covenants are agreements entered upon by real estate promoters and buyers of land or homes. Purchasers agree not to sell their land or homes to persons barred by the covenant, terms of the agreement running from an average of 25 or 50 years to "perpetuity.” GOLD bricks higher Inflation Hits Swindler, Victims Inflation has hit the swindler and his victims, just like everybody else in the postwar world. Cost of being rooked by various popular frauds and rackets has gone up in proportion to the rise in the swindlers’ living costs, a report by the family economics bureau of Northwestern National Life Insur ance company reveals. Professional charity solicitors, who take 50 to 90 per cent of the pub lic’s donations before turning over the balance to the organization in whose name they operate, now bold ly ask donations of $10 to $25 instead of the $2 to $5 at prewar scale. Their "benefit dance” tickets now cost $2 each, often more, against 50 cents to a dollar in prewar days. ASK MB ANOTHER ? THE QUESTIONS 1. When was the "Star Spangled Banner” officially adopted as our national anthem? 2. What is the fastest speed ever reached by a human being under his own power? 3. Where did the word "khaki” originate? 4. When is the last veteran of World War II expected to die? 5. How long will the U. S. coal supply last if used at the present rate? 6. How big was Tom Thumb? ' THE ANSWERS 1. March 3. 1931, by an act of Congress. 2. 108.92 miles per hour which Alfred Letoumer attained on a bi cycle behind a wind-shielding mo torcar at Bakersfield, California, May 7, 1941. 3. India. It means earthlike. 4. By 2030. The last World War I, vet by 1995. 5. For the next 1500 years. 6. Tom Thumb stood three feet four inches when fully grown. He v/eighed seventy pounds. HOW TO m MAur mstas WITH 0HIY ONI SKATING Of FLIT ioDDT Think of it—one spraying lasts for weeks. No bomb type spray or other sprays containing less than 5% DDT can equal this for lasting effect. Flit Surface Spray with 5% DDT is so powerful a sin gle application kills in sects today—tomorrow- even next month. FLIT ^Surface Spraif Hits, MOSQUITOES, AHT% BEDMUOS, MOTHS, SO ACHES, BUY LOW COST FLIT TODAY ’ — STOP LIGHTNING DAMAGE “National Quality” Systems Prevent Lightning Stroke from Occurring. Writ* for FREE Booklet “I* Lightning Protection Worth ProvMh«r* NAT’AL LIGHTNING PROTECTION GO. 1 Pullorum clean N. H. 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