The sun. [volume] (Newberry, S.C.) 1937-1972, May 21, 1948, Image 2
V
THE NEWBERRY SUN, NEWBERRY, S. C.
Washington Di9est
Voluntary Help Can Save
Europe's Dying Children
s'
By BAUKHAGE
Netct Analyst and Commentator
I 1
m
It provides direct citizen-to-citizen
aid which is administered carefully
with experienced personnel on the
scene — personnel which cuts red
tape and is free from many of the
rules, regulations and restrictions
which a government necessarily
must employ. As a matter of fact,
when vhe European recovery plan
was first drawn up, it was contem
plated that voluntary private aid
would supplement it.
As an example of the type of thing
Crusade for Children is designed to
further: In Europe at present, there
are some 50,000 distributing points,
such as schools, child clinics and
hospitals serviced by the Interna
tional Children’s Emergency Fund
of the United Nations.
At schools and child centers, par
ticularly through dried milk, ICEF
makes a supplementary contribu
tion to ,the noon meal, which costs
the fund about three and a hall
cents per child. The entire meal
WASHINGTON—What to do until the doctor comes.
Pretty important to know that. Pretty important to be willing and
able to do it. There are 230 million children in this world today who need
first aid. The European recovery plan (E.C.A.) will help a lot of these
children who have the stamina to outlive the ugly interim period when,
dirty, almost naked, they must roam the countryside or live in cellars
and hovels, hungry or starving. *
But the E.C.A. is a huge under
taking, and like aU great bodies, it
moves slowly. Anyhow, its chief
purpose is to pro
vide the means to
restore normal
conditions to the
y stricken areas of
Europe. It is large
ly indirect aid, not
gauged to indi
vidual cases.
Meanwhile thou
sands upon thou
sands of these chil
dren will die. Some
will be saved by
individual help —
your help. To make that help effec
tive the many humanitarian organi
zations which seek to save as many
young lives as possible have been
merged into one great Crusade for
Children. Local groups are organiz
ing in the cities. In the rural dis
tricts, the Farm Grange, Farm Bu
reau federation. Farmers’ Union,
Council for Farm Cooperatives, U.S.
department of agriculture and other
groups are furthering the movement
To anyone who has seen this tor
tured young generation, the effect
is as staggering as the sight of a
battlefield. To a young soldier,
there is no shock like the sight of
your first dead comrade. That still
form, wearing the same uniform
you wear, lying crushed against
the earth. To me, the shock of the
sight of European children moving
with the shadow of a living death
upon them was a terrible thing too.
I can remember getting off a train
in what once had been one of the
great railway stations of Europe—
rubble ground into black mud, the
ghastly smell of those buried deep
under the foundations of ruined
homes and shelters. Military police,
hardened to the sights around them,
walked back and forth. In the sin
ister shadows of the ruins the ghost
ly movement of little wraiths slip
ping in and out of sight, bent on any
mission, no matter how fair or foul,
that would win some chocolate, a
piece of K-ration, a cigarette that
might be traded for some bit of food.
No matter what the sins of the
fathers, they could not be great
enough to justify the punishment
inflicted on these children. There
is only one way their bodies and
their souls can be saved. That Is
through the groups which are sup
ported by individual donations,
until economic life is restored to a
degree of normalcy when society
can be rebuilt, broken homes
mended and the institutions which
can care for the homeless put into
operation as a part of a healthy
community existence.
Government aid, like E.C.A., can
not establish direct contact with the
Individual. It is a matter of ar
rangements drawn up between na
tions. It means dollar credits which
make it possible for the receiving
nations to buy supplies.
Some of this money, of course,
goes into food. But it takes time for
the machinery to get into operation,
and even after it is in operation, it
is inadequate to satisfy the needs of
the whole people. Much of the as
sistance goes into material things
such as the reconstruction of fac
tories, replacement and moderniza
tion of tools, machinery and agri
cultural supplies.
Frequently, supplies of such sim
ple things as rakes and shovels are
Mi
im
This tiny child, long In need of
medical aid. Is now in a hospital
supported by the U.N. Internation
al Children’s Emergency Fund.
Funds are being raised through the
Crusade for Children of American
Overseas Aid-United Nations Ap
peal for Children.
so short that farms can’t be worked
Until they are furnished. Later they
will be manufactured. But that
means machinery for the factories
comes first.
Crusade for Children Is a well-
organized private effort which has
the backing and cooperation of the
United Nations, and the sponsor
ship and approval of the govern
ment from the President down.
An Austrian orphan waits on
snow-covered steps for the daily
meal provided for him by the
United Nations’ International Chil
dren’s Emergency Fund. He is one
of millions who would starve with
out this vital service.
costs only seven cents per child. One
hundred dollars provides 7,500 hun
gry, undernourished children one
glass of milk each at every meal.
But because of limited funds, ICEF
is feeding only four million of Eu
rope’s 30 million hungry children.
Here are some of the sickening
facts, carefully collected and
checked by United Nations authori
ties:
Infant mortality in Europe and
Asia has jumped from 40 deaths
per 1,000 live births to as high as
330 deaths per 1,000—compared
with the United States rate of 38.3
per 1,000.
Tuberculosis has doubled in
many areas, especially among chil
dren. Lack of food has vastly in
creased such diseases as rickets,
scurvy and pellagra.
Physical examinations in one
zone (of Europe) showed that boys
14 years of age are three inches
shorter than boys of the same age
four years ago. This is the direct
result of malnutrition.
In some areas half the physicians
were killed; teachers, nurses and
those trained in child care are
lacking.
I have sat in the office of a Ger
man physician—one room left liv
able in a bombed house, windows
boarded up to replace the smashed
glass, operating room, consultation
office, bedroom, living room, all to
gether with an endless line of pa
tients with nothing to pay for the
doctor’s services which would buy
anything for the doctor. That doc
tor told me that because of the hope
less fate of children, abortions were
the rule rather than the exception,
with sickness and death as the re
sult.
Not the government, but private,
voluntary agencies can alleviate
these conditions. One may feel that
Europe has brought much of its
anguish upon itself, but it is not the
children who are to blame.
As Secretary of State Marshall
said: "Voluntary aid supplements
the general relief which only govern
ments can provide. It affords the
things and services, including spir
itual comfort, needed by the weak
est of the war victims. . . .”
• • •
Secretary of State Marshall has
warned South American countries
that there will be no Marshall Plan
for them. It appears that they either
must go out and obtain private
financing or work up a good Com
munist threat to share in Uncle
Sam’s largesse.
* • •
A modern president spends more
effort trying to get what he wants
into the papers and on the air than
in finding out what’s there already
COME TO THE FAIR...At a White House cerenony. President Truman
received a scroll invitation to the Chicago railroad fair tram
C. A. Miller, ^conductor’ of the Chicago and North Western rail
way' s replica of the faced Pioneer locomotive, and Miss Nona
Sykes, typical passenger of those by-gone days. The original
Pioneer, first train to run west from Chicago 100 years ago,
will star in the Railroad Fair scheduled for Chicago's lake
front starting July 20.
MANLY ART OF SELF DEFENSE.. .These two sturdy specimens of
adulthood, in whom all sorts of vitamins abound, are (left)
Sen. Owen Brewster (Rep., Me.) and Sen. Allen J, Ellender
(Dem., La.). It wasn't a grudge fight. They merely were
thrumming each other's noses with 16-ounce gloves in a one-
round exhibition catch in the senate gynnasium of the capltol
■here lawmakers try to pare off the excess poundage they
develop while caking laws.
MEDITERRANEAN DUNKING... Dateline on this picture Just reads
‘Somewhere in the Mediterranean,' which could mean in the
vicinity of Greece or Italy. At any rate, choppy seas made the
rescue of three navy fliers a hazardous venture when, on
maneuvers from the aircraft carrier USS Valley Forge, their
torpedo-bomber crash-landed in the water. They are shown
attempting to board the destroyer USS William C. Lave which
put out a small boat for them.
THEN THEY JOINED HANDS...On May 28 the U.S. government will
Issue this commemorative ‘Four Chaplains’ stamp. This is the
story behind it: The troopship S.S. Dorchester was torpedoed
and sunk in the North Atlantic in February, 1943. On board
were four chaplains of three faiths: Protestant ministers
George L. Fox and Clark V. Poling, Father John P. Washington
and Rabbi Alexander G. Goode. When the ship was hit each of
the four gave his lifebelt to nearby men without them. Then
they joined hands and prayed to the one God they all served
for the safety of the men struggling to leave the ship. The
four chaplains died together. Statements of the survivors of
the sinking include these words: This is the picture engraved
on our minds and hearts as the S.S. Dorchester disappeared
beneath the waves.’
SECRETARY...Charles Sawyer,
former U.S. ambassador to
Belgiw, now a Cincinnati law
yer. has been appointed by
President Truman to the post
of secretary of commerce. He
succeeds W. Averell Harriman
who has been named special U.S.
ambassador to the 16 nations
participating in the European
recovery program.
FEELING NO PAIN...Pin pricks,
burns and bumps mean nothing
to one-year-old Beverly Saith
of Akron, Ohio, who never has
felt pain in her life. Her
rare condition is described by
doctors as 'a state of in
difference to injury of con
genital origin.*
HARVEST TIME...Dr. Leonard H.
Newman, famed Canadian cereal-
ist, has retired as the power
behind the thrones of wheat
kings. He developed many 1m-
portant rus t - re si s t an t
varieties of wheat and a new
principle for milling flour to
vitaminize bread.
CATHOLIC MOTHER... Mrs. Richard
T. McSorley of Philadelphia,
mother of IS children, includ
ing four priests and three nun*
was named Catholic Mother of
1948 by the National Catholic
Conference on Family Life.
MONEY MAKER. ..Nellie Taloe
Ross displays her commission
as director of U. S. mint after
she was sworn in for her fourth
term in that office. First
woman ever to occupy the post,
she has held-it since 1933.
WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS
House Group Approves Measure
To Draft Men into Armed Forces;
Hope for Palestine Agreement Ebbs
By Bill Schoeatgen, WNU Staff Writer
^ o-«*.«»-<»-1*-^
A General Quiz
rw-fv.fv.cv.O-gv.o-.C'-O-C'-O’***-*'
OLEO TAX:
Fight Ahead
One of the most pressing problems
members of congress have had to
decide this year is whether their po
litical bread is spread with butter
or oleomargarine.
It is further complicated by the
fact that they might, in choosing
one or the other, be letting the gravy
get away from them.
For good or ill, however, the house
of representatives made its decision.
It passed by a vote of 260 to 106 a
bill to repeal all federal oleomarga
rine taxes which have been on the
books for 62 years.
Those taxes are itemized as fol
lows: 10 cents a pound on colored
oleo, 1/4 cent a pound on uncolored,
$600 a year on manufacturers, $480
on wholesalers of colored oleo, $200
on wholesalers of the uncolored
product, $48 on retailers of colored
oleo and $6 on retailers of uncolored.
Even if the federal taxes were re
pealed, it still would be against the
law to sell colored oleo in 20 states.
Nevertheless, the house had rid it
self of the matter and now it was up
to the senate, where a battle royal
was ip prospect.
Reason the oleo tax issue has a
stiff fight ahead in the senate is
that senators are elected by voters
of entire states, rather than by vot
ers of districts within the states as
are most representatives.
The result, in this case, is a split
in the sentiment of constituents of
many senators.
For example, big northern states
such as Illinois, Wisconsin, Michi
gan and Ohio, are composed of con
sumer cities and producer farms.
The country districts include dairy
farmers and soy bean growers. Con
sumers in cities want repeal of the
taxes, and so do the soy bean men
whose product is used in manufac
ture of oleo. The dairy farmers,
naturally, want the tax to remain.
The dairy interests are strong.
Their supporters in congress have
been able to retain the' oleo tax by
the simple process of shelving any
repeal bills in committee. It hap
pened to the current bill in the house
agricultural committee, but a peti
tion circulated among house mem
bers forced the bill on to the floor
where it was approved.
Clouds in the East
(EDITOR'S NOTE: When opinions are expressed In these columns, they are those of
Western Newspaper Union’s news analysts and not necessarily of this newspaper.)
DRAFT BILL:
On the Way
Yielding to the pressure of the
times, congress was putting its hand
gingerly to the business of passing
a selective service act which would
give .he nation’s armed forces a
total manpower of slightly more than
two million in two years.
The house armed services commit
tee had approved the measure, after
hearing Defense Secretary James
Forrestal term it an “excellent” one,
and passed it on to the floor of the
house for debate.
Thus, for the first time since be
fore the war, congress was facing
squarely the momentous issue of a
national draft. That this was hap
pening during the hair-trigger days
of an election year only served to
underline the apparent urgency of
the matter.
As approved by the armed services
committee, the bill would:
1 Raise total authorized manpower
• of the armed forces to 2,005,882
—army 837,000, air force 502,000,
navy and marine corps 666,882.
2 Require registration of men
• from 18 through 30, with those
from 19 through 25 liable for two
years’ service.
3 Exempt most veterans from
• further service, but those under
31 would have to register.
4 Allow seizure of industrial plants
• by the government if they re
fused to give top priorities to arma
ment orders.
As it stood, the draft plan was
conceded to have a good chance of
passage at this session of congress.
But complications were being threat
ened by the senate armed services
cammittee which seemed inclined to
combine a universal military train
ing measure with the draft bill.
The committee was waiting for
Army Secretary Kenneth Royall to
Recommend details of a bill to call
161,000 18-year-olds for a year’s train
ing. feey would be taken in addi
tion to men procured through the
draft.
As a combination, that didn’t look
so good to many Republicans. Rep.
Walter G. Andrews (Rep., N. Y.),
chairman of the house armed service
committee, called the idea "utterly
foolish, inconceivable and not called
for.”
Amateur and professional mili
tary experts now are weighing the
pros and cons of "war” in the Holy
Land. Palestine is completely en
circled by Arab states except for
its Mediterranean coastline. Nu
merals indicate estimated fighting
strength of the various Arab states.
Jewish forces in Palestine are said
to number about 75,000.
JERUSALEM:
Confused
Time was running out in Palestine,
and with it the hope for averting a
Jewish-Arab civil war for possession
of Jerusalem.
In the waning days before Great
Britain removed her troops from the
Holy Land upon expiration of the
British mandate on May 15, Pales
tine had become a savagely con
fused, moribund state.
Bitterly, the United Nations trus
teeship council virtually abandoned
its efforts to devise an effective plan
to safeguard Jerusalem from ravish
ment by the warring factions. Dele
gates could not hit upon a scheme
that could be enforced.
Nor was any Arab-Jewish agree
ment in sight which mighj result in
a truce necessary to give any U. N.
plan a chance. Like a little boy
watching his father trying to get his
kite out of a tree, the council looked
hopefully to Jerusalem where the
Red Cross was doing its best to
bring a halt to the fighting.
As far as the threatened invasion
of Palestine by neighboring Arab
states was concerned, no one seemed
able to sum up the situation accur
ately.
Jews were insisting, in the face of
denials, that Syrian and Lebanese
armies had invaded northern Pales
tine, and the British were reported
to have rushed troops back into the
country to deal with what they called
a “seriously deteriorated” situation.
Still an unknown factor in the
rapidly climaxing events was wily
old King Abdullah of Trans-Jordan.
Commander of the finest army in
Arabia, the spike-helmeted Arab Le
gion, he had been talking big about
invading Palestine from the East.
He had been talking, too, about mak
ing himself king of Palestine. His
ambition is a Middle East amalgam
of states that would be in the nature
of a greater Syria.
Experts were not discounting the
role Abdullah and his power-politick
ing could play in the drama. In the
end he could turn out to be the eat
alytic agent that might bring the Un-
regenerate events in Palestine to a
reasonable, if not a happy, conclu
sion.
COVENANTS: .
Just Paper
In a decision which may produce
more extensive reaction than any
designed civil rights legislative pro
gram, the U. S. supreme court hand
ed down a decision that, in effect,
outlaws so-called restrictive cove
nants which bar racial or religious
minorities from buying or occupying
property in many areas throughout
the country.
Declaring the decision, Chief Jus
tice Fred Vinson held that enforce
ment of restrictive covenants by
state or federal courts was a viola
tion of the 14th amendment.
That amendment, adopted in 1868,
reads in part: "No state shall make
or enforce any law which shall
abridge the privileges or immunities
of citizens of the United States .
nor deny to any person within its
jurisdiction the equal protection of
the laws.”
The supreme court's decision did
not declare that restrictive cove
nants, as such, are violations of the
constitution: but by ruling that it is
unconstitutional for the courts to en
force the covenants it reduced them,
legally, to mere scraps of paper.
For the most part, covenants are
agreements entered upon by real
estate promoters and buyers of land
or homes. Purchasers agree not to
sell their land or homes to persons
barred by the covenant, terms of the
agreement running from an average
of 25 or 50 years to "perpetuity.”
GOLD bricks higher
Inflation Hits Swindler, Victims
Inflation has hit the swindler and
his victims, just like everybody else
in the postwar world.
Cost of being rooked by various
popular frauds and rackets has gone
up in proportion to the rise in the
swindlers’ living costs, a report by
the family economics bureau of
Northwestern National Life Insur
ance company reveals.
Professional charity solicitors, who
take 50 to 90 per cent of the pub
lic’s donations before turning over
the balance to the organization in
whose name they operate, now bold
ly ask donations of $10 to $25 instead
of the $2 to $5 at prewar scale.
Their "benefit dance” tickets now
cost $2 each, often more, against 50
cents to a dollar in prewar days.
ASK MB
ANOTHER
?
THE QUESTIONS
1. When was the "Star Spangled
Banner” officially adopted as our
national anthem?
2. What is the fastest speed ever
reached by a human being under
his own power?
3. Where did the word "khaki”
originate?
4. When is the last veteran of
World War II expected to die?
5. How long will the U. S. coal
supply last if used at the present
rate?
6. How big was Tom Thumb?
' THE ANSWERS
1. March 3. 1931, by an act of
Congress.
2. 108.92 miles per hour which
Alfred Letoumer attained on a bi
cycle behind a wind-shielding mo
torcar at Bakersfield, California,
May 7, 1941.
3. India. It means earthlike.
4. By 2030. The last World War
I, vet by 1995.
5. For the next 1500 years.
6. Tom Thumb stood three feet
four inches when fully grown. He
v/eighed seventy pounds.
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