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THE NEWBERRY SUN. NEWBERRY. S. C. ‘Better Living Conditions’ for Birds, Beasts Is Objective of American Wildlife Institute Research, training ot young men for administration in game man agement and conservation, and scientific experiment for the conservation of all our natural resources are objectives of the American Wildlife Institute. By WALTER A. SHEAD WNU Washtnfton Correspondent. ELIEVE it or not, there is an or ganization in Washington which has no propagandist, no high-pow ered publicity staff, and is non-profit and non-political. It is the American Wildlife In stitute, formulated back in 1911 un der the name of the American Game Protective association and in corporated in 1935 under its preserit name, but with the same backers and sponsors, headed by former Senator Frederic C. Walcott of Con necticut, “daddy” of much of the conservation legislation which has been enacted into law during the past quarter of a century. So the American Wildlife Institute is a non-profit, non-partisan corpo ration, supported by the voluntary contributions of industries, organi zations and individuals interested in the preservation of American wild life and conservation of natural re sources in all its phases. Its objectives are three-fold: (1) to encourage co-operation and co ordination of effort of all groups and individuals interested in conserva tion of natural resources; (2) to as sist in finding and presenting to the public facts about wildlife and these natural resources; and (3) to pro vide facilities for training young men in the latest scientific methods of game management and conser vation. In carrying out these objectives the American Wildlife Institute has become a central co-ordinating agency in liaison and co-operation with and between such organizations as the Izaak Walton League, the American Forest association, the Audubon society, Zoological and Biological Associations, State De partments of Conservation, Land Grant Colleges and Universities, the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Conservation Division of the de partment of agriculture. Work on Broad Front. It spends its money to obtain these objectives by the publication of books and technical pamphlets at no profit, for the benefit of all phases of conservation; by spon soring and financing the annual North American Wildlife conference; After an absence of more than 50 years Atlantic salmon have re turned to spawning grounds in four Maine rivers, after American Wild life Institute had cleaned out the Maine rivers ruined as spawning grounds by the lumber industry. by the establishment of chairs and schools of wildlife conservation in colleges and universities for training young men in every phase of natural resources, for technical research and in methods of game management and conservation; by conducting re search itself and in co-operation with other organizations in wildlife and land management and use, stream pollution, and by bring ing about better co-ordination and co-operation between groups and in dividuals engaged in the production, administration and use of natural resources. For several years the American Wildlife Institute has financed the research into migratory fowl at the Delta duck station in Manitoba, Canada, in conjunction with the University of Wisconsin and Michi gan State college, with James F. Bell, famous authority on migratory fowl, as superintendent of the proj ect. In 1943, Ducks Unlimited be came a co-operator. This scientific study of migratory ducks and geese has to do mostly with these wild fowl on their breeding grounds. Oth er studies of the birds in their mi gration across the United States has led to the undertaking of an ambi tious scientific research project of what happens to migratory birds when they reach Mexico and other Central American countries where they winter So for two years this study has been going on, largely financed by American Wildlife Institute, but con ducted by the Pan American Union, an international organization com posed of representatives of the Cen tral and South American Republics. In its zeal to train young men in scientific knowledge in all phases of conservation, the Wildlife Insti tute has fostered and helped finance schools for this purpose at the land grant state universities in Alabama, Iowa, Maine, Missouri, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Texas, Utah and Vir ginia, while, through the influence of the institute, schools also have been established at Purdue university in Indiana and in New York. Quarter Million to Schools. The institute has expended ap proximately $250,000 in the estab lishment and maintenance of these schools. In so doing, it operates through the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the State Departments of Conservation of Wildlife and the universities. Approximately 500 trained men are now engaged in various phases of wildlife conser vation and land use. Many are hold ing important government and state jobs in forestry, wildlife manage ment, with zoological and biologi cal gardens and organizations. Another instance of conservation fostered and largely financed by the institute was the restoration of the salmon fishing industry on the At lantic coast. Fifty years or so ago, Atlantic salmon disappeared from Maine due to the destruction of spawning grounds in the Maine fresh water rivers by the lumber industry. Sawdust coated the bot toms of streams and tannic acid from the sawdust polluted the water to such an extent the salmon were killed off and a flourishing industry died. In 1940 a fellowship was estab lished in the University of Maine for the purpose of studying the pos sibilities of restoring the Atlantic salmon to the important streams in the Northeast. Through these studies and co-operation with the institute, a method so easy and in expensive was devised, that the sponsors are amazed at the results. Huge “egg beaters” Were attached to small boats sent into the Ma- chias, the Dennys, the Narraguagus and the Penobscot rivers. These egg beaters, operating in the spring of the year at high water, churned up the beds of these rivers so thor oughly that the sawdust caking was washed out and into the sea. Then millions of salmon eggs were brought down from New Brunswick and installed in troughs for hatch ing in the rivers. This spring saw the first return of the Atlantic salmon for spawning and they swarmed back into these four Maine rivers by the millions. The American Wildlife Institute is particularly interested in land use on the theory that if land and water are utilized properly we will auto matically have wildlife. Clinton R. Gutermuth, executive secretary of the institute, who occupies a mod est office in a downtown Washington building, declares, “we can’t have wildlife without the co-operation of farmers.” “Most certainly,” the Hoosier- trained secretary said, “we can’t take good farm land, and by the same token, farmers should not at tempt to farm land fit only for re forestation or as cover for wild life.” Thousands of acres of land in this country have been stolen from its natural state and thousands upon thousands of dollars of public money has been spent in the vain attempt to make farm land out of submar ginal and other land fit only for its natural state. One such area, it is pointed out, was the Kankakee marshes in northern Indiana and Illinois. The two states and the federal govern ment spent many thousands of dol lars in the attempt to convert these thousands of acres of marshes into farm land. When it was found the land would not raise crops, aft er decades of frustration, the land is now being allowed to return to its natural state. And during the past few years, the financial return from the recreational and other fea tures, of this natural wildlife habi tat each year has been more than was realized by farmers in all the years cultivation was attempted. Another such area is the so-called grand flats in Wisconsin, an area thousands of acres in extent where a few years ago nothing but aban doned homes were seen for miles, and much of which is now being al lowed to return to its natural state. Grow Cover Where Possible. Mr. Gutermuth believes that ev ery farmer can correlate his land into the two schools, natural and agricultural. For instance, along the woods lot on almost every farm there is 50 or more feet which will barely raise a crop. This land could be permitted to grow into cover. The banks of ditches and streams would, within a few years, become a natural habitat for wildlife if permitted to grow into a natural state. And reforestation of some land, suitable for that purpose, will not only reap a rich harvest for farmers in the way of lumber and wood, but will also provide nat ural cover for wildlife. The American Wildlife Institute is also vitally interested in proper land use of rolling land, in erosion and in contour plowing and cultivation to retain the rich top soil and the natural wealth of farm land. It has aided in much research in this phase of conservation. The North American Wildlife conference staged each year by the institute is the forum where tech nical men in all branches of con servation meet and exchange in formation and where results of the year’s research are made public to teachers, professors, laboratory technicians, administrators and su pervisors and to the general public. Approximately 1,000 delegates from every state, Mexico, Canada, England and France are expected to attend this year’s conference at the Hotel Pennsylvania in New York. The general theme will be “The Place of Wildlife in a Chang ing World.” Streams and their steep banks are not suitable for pasture or cropland. It is much better to plant a broad strip along each side of the creek with clover or other rough, strong cover. Some willows or other trees that thrive near water should be set out too, both for cover and to help keep the banks from washing away. In Illinois and northern In diana great areas of marshland were returned to their natural state after many unsuccessful years of attempted farming. Serve Cake for Your Sunday Best (See Recipes Below) Distinctive Cakes Homemakers will approach the task of deciding desserts more light- heartedly when there’s a luscious cake stored away in the mys terious recesses of the cupboard. Besides, it’s an elegant idea to have cakes on hand in case un expected guests drop in. Then, too, those of you who want to raise money for your church or club group might want to have a sale of home-baked goods. Cakes, of course, will bring handsome prof its if the cakes are light and feathery, and frosted beautifully. When making a cake, try using a cake or pastry flour. These flours made of soft wheat contain less gluten than all-purpose flour, and will give cake a better, softer tex ture. Follow the methods given, either that of creaming the shorten ing and sugar, or using the one- bowl method. Recipes must be test ed for each type of method, and it is best to use the directions as they are given here. All the cake recipes have been tested for freshness. You’ll find they keep exceedingly well when covered or kept in a cake tin. From the south comes this yum my cake with the unusual flavor of pecans in its base: Pecan Cake. 3 cups pecans, finely ground 6 eggs 1 cup sugar 1 tablespoon flour teaspoon salt 1 teaspoon baking powder 1 teaspoon vanilla Beat the egg yolks until light, add sugar gradually. Add nuts to the flour which has been sifted with salt and baking powder. Stir in stiffly-beaten egg whites and flavor ing. Pour into two eight-inch pans which have been well greased and lined with greased waxed paper. Bake in a moderate oven (350 de grees) for 35 to 40 minutes. Top light ly with sweetened whipped cream and fresh fruit. Bananas, pineapple, raspberries and strawberries are a treat! If you want a cake with a melt- in-your-mouth quality try a spice cake made with sour cream and a fine combination of spices. There’s interesting tex ture and flavor given from the mashed bananas that go into the cake itself. Spice Cake. 14 cup butter or shortening 1V& cups brown sugar 4 eggs 3 bananas, mashed fine LYNN SAYS When You Buy, Take Care: If you are selecting poultry, see that the bird is plump, firm and well- rounded. The skin should be smooth and without discoloration. Clear, even yellow-white color is best. Avoid birds that look ex tremely blue or gray. Look for a flexible breast bone, smooth feet and claws for roasting, broiling or frying purposes. In buying fish, be sure that the flesh is firmly attached to the backbone. This flesh should show no mark when pressed with the thumb. There will be little fishy smell if the fish is really fresh. The eyes should be clear and bulging, not sunken. Vegetables should be firm, full- bodied and fresh appearing. Guard against wilted, shriveled tops, and bruises. Any vegeta bles which are in the pod should be moist, not dry. Look for fruits that are as fresh as possible—firm and full-bodied. It is best to buy by weight rath er than by bunches or the dozen. LYNN CHAMBERS’ MENU IDEAS Macaroni-Cheese Loaf Tossed Carrot Salad Green Peas Whole Wheat Bread Jam or Jelly Ice Cream with Butterscotch Sauce Beverage 1 cop sour milk 2 teaspoons cinnamon Vn teaspoon each, nutmeg, allspice, cloves 2V£ cups cake flour 3 teaspoons baking powder Cream together the butter and su gar, add beaten egg yolks and bananas. Sift dry ingredients and add alternately with the milk. Fold in stiffly beaten egg whites. Bake in layer cake pans or large oolong pan. Marshmallow Icing. Combine 2 unbeaten egg whites with 1% cups granulated sugar. Add Vh teaspoons corn syrup and 5 ta blespoons water. Cock rapidly over boiling water for seven minutes, beating constantly with a rotary beater. Then add 8 marshmallows which have been softened over hot water. Add I teaspoon vanilla ex tract and beat until icing stands in peaks. Spread on cooled cake and dot primly with bits of maraschino or candied cherries. If you want to save time and energy, you will want to use this frosty lemon cake right away. It’s made in one bowl and requires only accurate measurements and a specified amount of beating time. Frosty Lemon Cake. 2 cups sifted cake flour 1V4 cups sugar 3V4 teaspoons baking powder 1'teaspoon salt V5 cup shortening 1 cup milk 1% teaspoons vanilla 3 egg whites, unbeaten Put dry ingredients—flour, sugar, baking powder, salt and shortening —in one large bowl. Add about % of the milk, then vanilla and beat until smooth. Add remaining milk and egg whites before 100 strokes have been completed. Scrape bowl and spoon often during mixing. The batter will be quite thin, but very smooth. Bake in two greased 8-inch cake tins in a moderate oven (350 de grees) 30 to 35 minutes. Spread lem on filling between the layers and dust with powdered sugar. Lemon Filling. Vi cup sugar 3 tablespoons flour •A- teaspoon salt ii cup lemon juice Grated rind of 1 lemon Vi cup water 3 egg yolks, slightly beaten Mix sugar, flour, salt together. Add lemon juice and rind and mix well. Add water and egg yolks. Blend carefully. Place over hot wa ter and cook until smooth and thick, stirring constantly (about 15 minutes). Cool and spread between cake layers. Chocolate Cake Filling. 1 square unsweetened chocolate Vi cup milk 6 tablespoons sugar 2 tablespoons flour Vi teaspoon salt 1 tablespoon butter 1 teaspoon vanilla Vi cup cream, whipped Add chocolate to milk in double boiler. When chocolate is melted, beat with a rotary egg beater until well blended. Combine sugar, flour and salt and add gradually to choco late mixture. Cook until thickened, stirring constantly. Then cook five minutes, stirring occasionally. Add butter and vanilla. Chill thoroughly, then fold in whipped cream. Released by Western N wspaper Union. SEWING CIRCLE PATTERNS Cover-All Apron From One Yard A Youthful, Attractive Two-Piecer Bib Apron Y OU’LL want to make up sev eral of these pretty and practi cal bib aprons—it just takes one yard of material in the smaller sizes. Choose gay, cheerful fab rics in checks or floral prints. A wonderful gift idea for bazaars and showers. mm* Pattern No. 8977 comes In sizes 32, 34, 36. 38, 40. 42. 44 and 46. Size 34 takes one yard of 36- or 39-inch material; 2% yards binding to trim. Two-Piece Frock A LEADER in the fashion pa rade fot spring is the attrac tive two-piece frock. This smart and well fitting version has a youthful U-shaped neckline, ties at the waist for a trim, neat look, and a simple skirt. If you like, have the blouse in a light mate rial, the skirt dark, for a change. \ ASK ME \ l ANOTHER I ? A General Quiz I f <^* o- o- O- O- O* O— O- <v. (*— 1. How long is the Panama canal? 2. What philosopher said: "I think, therefore I am”? 3. Death Valley is how many feet below sea level? 4. What man was “Father of the Atlantic Cable”? 5. Billingsgate is London’s what? 6. How many books has the Li brary of Congress in Washing ton, D. C.? 7. For whom is the Smithsonian institution in Washington, D. C., named? 8. There is a lake 6 miles long, 4 miles wide in the crater of a volcano. It is 6,000 feet above sea level, yet never freezes. What is it called? The Answers 1. It is 50.4 miles long. 2. Descartes. 3. It is 276 feet below sea level. 4. Cyrus W. Field. 5. Fish market. 6. More than 6,000,000. 7. James Smithson, British chem ist, who left $500,000 to estab lish the institution. 8. Crater lake in Oregon. Pattern No. 8P90 Is designed for sized 12. 14. 16, 18. 20; 40 and 42. Size 14 take* S'/, yards of 35- or 39-incb material. Due to an unusually large demand and current conditions, slightly more time la required in filling orders for a few of the most popular pattern numbers. Send your order to: SEWING CIRCLE PATTERN »E*»T. 530 South Wells St. Chicago t. 111. Enclose 25 cents in coins for each pattern desired. Pattern No. — — Name— Address- Whh-h! (Can Breathe Aqatni'k If your nose some- times fills up with stuffy transient con gestion-put a few drops of Va-tro-nol in each nostril. It quickly reduces con gestion and makes breathing easier in a hurry . . . gives grand relief from sniffy, sneezy, stuffy distress of head colds. Follow directions in the package. VICKS VA-TRO-NOL MARY MARTIN st* of m °„nt P'^oomcd. well- many Hollywood stars informed HoRy^ po wder. who use Cal * nobbles, Inc- McKesson & Bridgeport, Conn. CMOX ro-“. Buy U. S. Savings Bonds! Hardworking MUSCLES rely SB SLOAN’S , Why suffer the torture of musda soreness! Take the tested way: to quick relief — just pat on Sloan's Liniment, pat out mus cular aches and pains. No slow,: painful rubbing, no trouble at all. 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