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THE SUN. NEWBERRY. S. C„ FRIDAY, JULY 12, 1940 Can America Be Invaded? Perhaps Not Now, but 136 Years Ago an Enemy Force Brought Fire and Sword to Our Capital Remains of the Capitol (above) and of the White House (below) after they had been burned by enemy invaders. (From contem porary drawings.) By ELMO SCOTT WATS6N (Released by Western Newspaper Union.) C OULD the United States be invaded by an ene my force? “Easily!” affirm the pes simists. “Not a chance!” reply the optimists. Probably somewhere be tween those two extreme points of view lies the answer to that question — qualified, however, by many “ifs,” “ands” and “buts.” Without subscribing to either point of view, it is in teresting, however, to recall that once in our history an enemy force did invade the soil of the United States, that it captured our capital city, put our government to flight and then burned the Capitol and the White House. That was during the third year of our second war with England, commonly known as the War of 1812. And it is interesting to recall that event, too, be cause there are certain paral lels between conditions which existed in this country previ ous to 1814 and those which have existed up until recent weeks in 1940. Despite the fact that early in 1813 British warships were raid ing up and down the Atlantic sea board, the federal government seemed to suffer from a strange delusion that the national capi tal, situated at the head of navi gation on the Potomac river, was in no danger. In January, 1814, came the news that 4,000 British troops, destined for America, had landed at Ber muda and two months later Ad miral Cockburn arrived in Lynn- haven bay, just inside Cape Henry in Virginia, with a 74-gun man-of- war, two frigates and a brig and began marauding. Although President Madison seemed aware of the potential danger, members of his cabinet were strangely apathetic to the impending danger. On May 14 the National Intelligencer, the administration newspaper in Washington, declared: “We have no idea of the enemy attempting to reach the vicinity of the capi tal; and if he does, we have no doubt he will meet such a recep tion as he had a sample of at Craney Island. The enemy knows better than to trust himself abreast of or on this side of Fort Washington.” ‘Fifth Columnists’ Then. That there were “fifth colum nists” operating even in those days is indicated by the state- GEN. W. H. WINDER ment of an early historian that the government was lulling itself into a false sense of security, “hostile marauders were in the waters of the Potomac and their leaders, employing competent spies, had made themselves per fectly acquainted with the con dition of the country and of mili tary affairs around Washington.” Late in June the government was shaken out of its apathy by the arrival of news that a num ber of large transports were be ing fitted out in Portsmouth, Eng land, to proceed to Bordeaux, France, there to take on the cream of Wellington’s veterans for service in America. On the heels of this came word from Ber muda that a large fleet of trans ports was ready to sail from there bound for some port in the United States, probably the Po tomac. This report spurred President Madison into action. On July 1 he called a council of his cabinet for a belated discussion of de fense measures. William H. Eus- tis, the secretary of war (of all persons!) still didn’t believe that there was any great danger. In fact, as late as August, when the enemy was almost at the door of Washington, he insisted that the capital was safe. “What the devil will they do here?” he asked one officer who warned him of the weakness of its defense, “No, no! Baltimore is the place, sir; that is of so much more consequence.” Apostle of Preparedness. In contrast to his blindness was the foresight of one man, an apostle of preparedness whose clear-headedness and patriotic service amidst the blundering efforts to wage war against Great Britain, kre all but forgotten by his fellow-Americans. He was Gen. William H. Winder of Mary land, who had served valorously with militia from his state on the BALTIMORE. .Y^-ANMIAPO S* BladensbuVj? WASHINdTO Upjwr Marlboro a Niagara frontier in 1812, been cap tured by the British at Stony Creek in Canada in 1813 and had been held a prisoner of war until the spring of 1814 when he was exchanged. Winder had prepared a well- thought-out plan of defense against the threatened invasion. It con templated establishing a camp of two or three thousand regulars between the eastern branch of the Potomac and the Patuxent rivers in Maryland and the con centration of 10,000 militia near Washington. Madison laid Wind er’s plan before his cabinet and it was at once adopted. A new military district was formed and Winder was appoint ed commander of it. Next the government made a requisition upon the states for a total of 93,- 000 militia to be organized at home and held in readiness to act. The naval defenses were entrust ed to Commodore Joshua Barney, who was in the Patuxent with a small flotilla of gfmDoats. Winder would thus have an army of 15,000, the largest force of militia that had yet been put in the field. But it soon became evident that it was only a paper army. For there was almost un believable official stupidity and delay in carrying out the plan. Although the governor of Mary land lived within an easy day’s ride from the national capital, he did not receive a copy of his requisition until six days after it was ordered and the governor of Pennsylvania did not receive his until 10 days afterward. And it was not until July 12, when the British appeared in heavy force in the Chesapeake bay, that Eustis placed in Wind er’s hands a copy of the requisi tion and then it was accompanied by a cautious order telling him, in case of an invasion, to “be careful to avoid unnecessary calls, and to apportion the call to the exigency.” ' A Heartbreaking Task. Undaunted by what must have seemed a heartbreaking task. Winder started out to make the best of a bad situation. He vis ited every part of the region to be defended, inspected every forti fication and bombarded Eustis with urgent appeals for haste in making preparations for defense. On July 16 he wrote “The door of Washington (meaning Annapo lis) is wide open and cannot be shut with the few troops under my command.” Fort Madison there was defenseless and too unhealthful for troops to occupy it. He begged in vain for ef forts to save that post and made stirring appeals for the people of Maryland to come forward to help defend their state. Notwithstanding all his appeals and the imminence of the danger, the people seemed as apathetic as their federal government. By August 1 Winder reported that he had in camp only 1,000 regulars About 4,000 militia had been en rolled but they were yet to be col lected and, so far, the govern ment had neglected to call for cavalry and riflemen, both of which were vitally needed. The result of all this blunder ing was inevitable and is too well known to all Americans to need retelling at length here. Briefly, it was this: On August 16 the small British squadron in the Chesapeake was re-enforced by a fleet of 21 vessels under Admiral Cochrane who was joined by an other under Commodore Mal colm. T.iese had on board several thousand soldiers commanded by General Ross, one of Wellington’s best subordinates. This British force bottled up Commodore Barney’s flotilla in the Patuxent and, when it became apparent that it was about to be captured by the invaders, he burned his boats and with his men joined the American land forces. By this time the situation was so alarming that militia and volun teers began flocking to Winder’s standards to help repel the invad ers. Eventually he had a force of some 7,000 men, of which, how ever, only 900 were regulars. It is probable that with this force, if concentrated, he might have been able to have repelled the enemy. Civilian Interference. But his efforts were nullified by constant interference from the President and members of his cabinet. They were totally with out military experience, with the possible exception of James Mon roe, secretary of state, who had served in the Revolution. But he probably did more harm than good by his interference when the American forces came to grips with the British at the Battle of Bladensburg on August 24. As was to be expected, the hastily assembled militia and un trained volunteers broke under the onslaughts of the British reg ulars and Winder’s forces were soon in full retreat. Among the heroic dead was Commodore Barney. Late the next evening General Ross and Admiral Cockburn, with a guard of only 200 men, rode into the deserted capital. For the President, members of his cabi net and all other high govern ment officials had departed im mediately after the disaster at Bladensburg. The President, who had gone out to see the battle, had sent word back to his wife, Dolly Madison, to flee. But she had paused long enough to snatch up the precious parchment on which was written the Declara tion of Independence and to take the portrait of Washington, paint ed by Stuart, out of its frame in the White House before seeking a place of safety across the river in Virginia. In retaliation for the Americans having burned the government in York, Canada, earlier in the war, the British decided to do some burning themselves. So the torch was applied to the unfinished Capitol, the White House, the Treasury building, the arsenal, the barracks which had been oc cupied by 3,000 troops, the office of the National Intelligencer, a tavern and a few private homes. That night, lighted by the glare of the flames ~.'hich could be seen as far away as Baltimore, the invaders marched out. They left behind the blackened walls of our Capitol and the home of our Chief Executive monuments to a fatu ous belief that “it can’t happen here.” IMPROVED j UNIFORM INTERNATIONAL • UNDAY I chool Lesson By HAROLD L. LUNDQUIST. D. D. Dean of The Moody Bible Institute of Chicago, (Released by Western Newspaper Union.) Lesson for July 14 Lesson subjects and Scripture texts se« lected and copyrighted by International Council of Religious Education; used by permission. JOB’S STRUGGLE TO FAITH IN LIFE AFTER DEATH LESSON TEXT—Job 14:13-17; 17:13-16; 19:23-29. GOLDEN TEXT—For I know that my re deemer liveth.—Job 19:25. If life ends at the grave, it has comparatively little meaning and its struggles and sorrows are hardly worth bearing. Job, living in all probability about 1,500 years before Christ, did not have our knowledge of the resurrection of Christ and the assurance that He is but the “first fruits of them that slept” and that we too shall rise (see I Cor. 15:22, 23). But in the midst of suffering, discouragement and spiritual con flict, he looked with the eye of faith all the way beyond the grave. The background of our lesson is found in Job’s experience with his three professed comforters, who speak thus: “Eliphaz: But who ever perish being innocent (4:7)? Be glad that you are being corrected (4:17). Job: Answer my question and I will keep still. Show me where I am wrong. What does your ‘proof’ prove (6:24, 25)? “Biddad: Do you think God per verts justice (8:3)? Ask the wise men of the ages. Consider what our fathers taught (8:8). Job: It is all the same; God destroys the right eous with the wicked (9:22). “Zophar: Do you expect to un derstand God? Put evil away (11:7, 14). Job: I know as much as you do (13:2). Your burning re marks are cold ashes (13:12). I would like to reason it out with God (13:3). I have stated my case; I am righteous (4.3:8). “The three friends have not helped him, but Job struggles on alone with the problem.”—Dr. Carl S. Knopf. I. Uncertainty—“If a man die, shall he live again?” (14:13-17). Job, while maintaining that he was righteous, felt that his sufferings must indicate that God was dis pleased with him. He thought he might best seek refuge in Sheol (R. V. in place of “grave” in v. 13), the abode of the dead. But sudden ly he turned again to the hope which was dear to his heart; namely, 1 that somehow there must be a blessed future life with God. He asked the question, “If a man die, shall he live again?” The fact that he quickly lapsed into despair indicates that he was not certain that the answer to his question was “Yes.” How blessed it is that we know, for have we not heard the voice of the One who, standing be fore a grave in Bethany, said, “I am the resurrection and the life: he that believeth in me, though he were dead, yet shall he live” (John 11: 25)? i II. Hope—“Where, then, is my hope?” (Job 17:13-16). Eliphaz had again sought to set Job right by accusing him of vanity, impatience and pride (chap. 15). Job answered (chaps. 16 and 17) that his friends were worse than useless as comforters, being so sanctimoni ous in their assurance of his wick edness, when in fact he was only a man who was on the verge of de spair, but still holding to his faith in God. Job cried out, “Where, then, is my hope?”—undoubtedly thus express- j ing his bewilderment, bordering on complete despair. Yet do we not even in the question see that he still had hope? The man who has given up says, “There is no hope”; but Job continued to hope against hope, cry ing out, “Where is my hope?” know ing full well that his only hope was in God. There is a lesson here that we do well to learn. Whatever our situa tion may be we shall find that God is there and that we may trust Him. j “Does all the world seem against you And you in the battle alone? Remember, at 'Wit’s End Corner’ Is where God’s power is shown.’’ III. Faith—“I know that my re deemer liveth” (Job 19:23-29). What blessed vision and what glorious faith! Job lived in the time j of Moses or before. He had no New Testament—no old Testament—but he did have God, and by faith he i believed that God was to make Him- j self known to man here on earth as a living Redeemer. We say that we know because we have the record of His coming; of the Son of God incarnate; of His bearing our sins on Calvary; of His death and resurrection again; of His ascension to be with the Father, and His coming again in glory and power. Job, however, had to reach ; through doubt and darkness to faith in life after death. How much rich er should be our faith, infinitely ; more precious, stirring us to loving obedience and service for Christ oui Redeemer. A Blessed Inheritance Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, which ac cording to his abundant mercy hath begotten us again unto a lively hope to an inheritance incorruptible, and undefiled, and that fadeth not away, reserved in heaven for you.—I Pe ter: 1, 3, 4. WHEN YOU MAKE JAM OR JELLY (See Recipes Below) Household Neius tJ] /l^amar' “Sugar ’nd spice ’nd everything nice” goes into the preserving ket tle, and out of it comes a tantaliz ing array of jellies, jams, pickles and relishes, and rich fruit butters and marmalades. This year, why not add to your stock of preserves (and to your rep utation as a good cook!) by doing some of your own canning and pre serving? It’s as easy as A,B,C, if you’ll follow a few simple sug gestions and use tested recip-’s. Most of the equipment you need for canning and preserving you will have on hand; large kettles or saucepans, a colander, coarse strainer, wooden masher, wooden spoons, a skimmer, wide-mouth fun nel, glass jars, jelly glasses, jar covers and new rubbers. It may be necessary to buy a few new jars each year, for nicked jars are likely to cause spoilage. Wash jars, glasses and covers thoroughly in soapy water, and rinse in boiling water. Sterilize them just before using and let them remain in the hot water until you are ready to fill them. Use new rubbers ev ery year, and dip them in boiling water just before you put them on the jars. When jars or jelly glasses are to be filled with hot foods, place the hot glasses on a clean towel which has been wrung out of hot water. If you have an old-fashioned gravy boat with a spout and handle, use it in filling glasses with jellies, jams and preserves. Allow the jam to cool in the glasses before sealing with paraffin. When the paraffin has set, wipe the glasses with a damp cloth, cover, and label them. To prevent the formation of mold, store jams, jel lies, and preserves in a cool, dry place. Homemade Tomato Soup. (Makes 6 pints) r peck tomatoes (14 pounds) 1 bunch celery 1 quart onions (sliced) % cup butter % cup flour Vz cup sugar 4 to 5 teaspoons salt % teaspoon pepper Scrub the tomatoes and celery, and cut into pieces. Add the sliced onion, and cook over a low flame until the vegetables are thoroughly soft (about 1 hour). Strain. Blend together the butter, flour, sugar, and seasoning, and add to the strained tomato mixture. Bring to a boil, and boil gently for 20 minutes, stir ring frequently. Seal in sterilized jars. To serve, combine the tomato soup with soup stock or milk. Sweet Pantry Slices. (Makes 6 to 7 pints) 1 gallon cucumbers (3 to 5 inches long) 114 quarts white onions (sliced) % cup salt 5 cups sugar 1 tablespoon ground ginger Vz teaspoon turmeric 2 tablespoons mustard seed 1 tablespoon celery seed 5 cups vinegar Scrub cucumbers and slice thin (without paring). Add sliced onions and salt, and if crushed ice is avail able, stir in 1 pint which aids in crisping. Cov^r with a weighted lid and let stand for 3 hours. Drain, and add remaining ingredients. Place over low heat, bring to the simmering point, and simmer for 5 minutes. Pack in sterilized jars and seal. Strawberry-Rhubarb Conserve. 2 pounds strawberries 2 pounds rhubarb 3 pounds sugar Wash fruit; hull strawberries and cut rhubarb in small pieces (you’ll find the scissors a great finger-saver in cutting the rhubarb). Place fruit in deep pan like a dish-pan and place in cold oven. Set temperature control to 400 degrees and start the oven. Cook about \Vz hours, then add sugar. Cook, stirring occasion ally, for % to 1 hour, or "until con serve becomes thick. (The time va ries according to the “juiciness” of the fruit). Pour into sterilized jars or glasses and seal immediately or cool and cover with melted paraffin. Quick Strawberry Jam. (Makes 6 glasses) 1 quart strawberries Boiling water 4 cups sugar Remove caps from strawberries and wash thoroughly. Then pour boiling water over berries until wa ter is lightly tinted with pink. Drain and place berries in saucepan, add 2 cups of sugar, and shake over low flame until sugar is dissolved and mixture begins to boil. Then increase heat and boil hard for 4 minutes. Reduce heat, add remain ing sugar and boil hard again for 4 minutes longer. Pour into jelly glasses, allow to thicken, and seal when cold. Sunless Sun Preserves. Take 4 cups of strawberries which have been washed and hulled and 5 cups sugar, place 1 cup berries in a heavy saucepan and cover with 1 cup sugar and continue until all of the berries and sugar have been placed in the saucepan layer by layer. Bring slowly to a boil and boil gently for 9 minutes. Remove from fire and add 3 tablespoons lem on juice. Let stand over night. Next day bring to a boil and boil gently an additional 9 minutes. Remove from fire, skim, and let stand in saucepan until thoroughly cold, then seal in hot sterilized jars. The ber ries remain whole and retain their natural flavor and color. Rhubarb Butter. (Makes 6 to 7 glasses) VJz pounds rhubarb 2 pounds sugar % cup vinegar 1 teaspoon ground cinnamon Vz teaspoo* ground cloves Cut rhubarb in small pieces (do not peel). Combine with remaining ingredients and cook for about 2 hours—or until the mixture is the consistency of fruit butter. Pour into sterilized jelly glasses. Cover with melted paraffin. Chili Sauce. 4 quarts ripe tomatoes 6 apples 2 onions 1% cups brown sugar 2 cups vinegar 1 tablespoon salt 3 tablespoons pickle spice 2 teaspoons paprika Peel and chop fine the tomatoes, apples and onions. Add the brown sugar, vinegar and salt and the spices tied in a spice bag. Cook slowly until thick, stirring frequent ly. Remove spice bag. Seal in hot sterilized jars. Send for Your Copy of ‘Better Baking.’ Your homemade jams and jellies will taste twice as delicious when you serve them with homemade bis cuits and rolls. You’ll find tempting and unusual recipes for bread and rolls in Eleanor Howe’s cook book, “Better Baking.” Mountain Muffins, Cheese Roll Biscuits, Peanut Butter Bread, and Hot Cinnamon Rolls; you’ll find test ed recipes for these and other de licious baked foods in “Better Bak ing.” Send 10 cents in coin to “Bet ter Baking” care Eleanor Howe, 919 North Michigan Avenue, Chicago, and get your copy of this cook book now. (Released by Western Newspaper Union.) Kitchen Polisher To freshen kitchen cabinets that have become dulled by frequent washings, rub them occasionally with furniture polish. This renews the gloss and makes cleaning the next time easier. Welsh Rarebit To prevent cheese from becoming stringy when making Welsh rare bit melt it in the sauce after remov ing the pan from the flame. For Sandwiches Put fresh bread that is to be used in making sandwiches into the re frigerator for an hour and it will cut more easily. Appliqued Bedspread In Gayest of Scraps Pert isn’t he, this easily appli qued pup, Frisky Fido! He’s just one patch and his bow can be in the gayest of scraps. Do a block in odd moments. Pattern 2541 contains a diagram of block; ac curate pattern pieces; directions for making quilt; diagram of quilt; yardages; color schemes. Send order to: Sewing Circle Needlecrmft Dept. 62 Eighth Ave. New York Enclose 15 cents In coins lor Pat tern No Name Address WEARY DESPONDENT GIRLS^^H _ Crying spells. 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