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■ I '. THE SUN. NEWBERRY, S. C- FRIDAY APRIL 7, 1939 Weekly News Analysis Congress Wins Economy Tussle But Finds It Holds Hot Potato By Joseph W. La Bine— ■ l „i. A 1/ EDITOR'S NOTE—When opinions art exprrr.sed in these columns, they are those of the news analyst, and not necessarily of the newspaper. WHEN SOCIAL SECURITY COSTS WENT DOWN Secretary of the Treasury Henry Morgenthau Jr. (left), or he recommended before the house ways and means committee that a limited old age reserve fund be substituted for social security’s controversial $40,000,000flOO full reserve plan. At the right is Arthur J. AUmeyer, social security board chairman. in 1940; step up rates in 1943 and fol low present schedule thereafter. Morgenthau reasoning: The trend of business conditions in specific fu ture years could not be accurately foreseen in 1935 when social security was started under the present $40,- 000,000,000 reserve plan. Today it appears a $3,000,000,000 reserve would be sound. Also recommended was a trustee board to hold social security funds, thereby spiking criticism that the money is now being used to pay governmental expenditures. Under actual operation, payroll contribu tions now go to the treasury, are shifted to the old-age reserve fund, then invested in treasury securities to bring the cash back to the gen eral fund. Sour Note. Given a highly cov eted concession, congress has found economy is easier to talk about than enforce. Next on the list is the farm appropriations bill, carrying a $250,000,000 item for parity pay ments which had not been included, in the original budget estimate. Farm-state representatives, foresee ing political suicide if parity ap propriations were not made, hoped the money might come from a re newal of processing taxes. Indus trial-state lawmakers knew their constituents would object. And both groups reflected that less social se curity income would leave Secretary Morgenthau’s cupboard bare. Congress U. S. business was pouting genu inely last February when Harry Hopkins made his famous Des Moines speech promising a new ad ministration effort to start the re covery ball rolling. But to business men, recovery was precluded by high relief costs and “exorbitant” taxes. When the administration in dicated unwillingness to slash costs, Mr. Hopkins’ highly touted “ap peasement” plan bogged down and in its place arose the most hostile, economy minded congress President Roosevelt has ever faced. Many administration leaders, like Secretary Morgenthau and Vice President Garner,' are economy bent. Others, like Federal Reserve Chairman Marriner Eccles, a White House favorite, believe government should spend when industry will not, providing a semblance of normalcy. But so unpopular a philosophy bucks the public trend, which is poor poli tics. A smarter course is to give congress and the nation its econ omy. If prosperity results, the White House will bask in glory; if it misses fire, the public can be re minded that the Vffiite House coun seled against it all along. Whatever the reasoning, a sudden switch in administration attitude has brought new peace to Washing ton: Eccles Demarche. Appearing be fore a special senate silver commit tee, Mr. Eccles confounded his audi ence by advocating governmental economy. His reasoning: “While I am convinced that such a policy . . . under present conditions would have disastrous results, we live in a democracy, and, therefore . . . the viewpoint of the majority should promptly be made effective.” His suggestion: That federal spending be concentrated on non-competing public activities, i.e., buildings, roads, schools, hospitals, housing. Morgenthau Demarche. Next day Mr. Morgenthau gave administra tion blessing to congressional plans for postponing scheduled increases in payroll contributions for social security, also endorsing a pay-as- you-go system founded on sound ac tuarial principles. Present assess ments are 1 per cent each against employer and employee. In 1940 and 1941 this would jump to 1% per cent each; 2 per cent to 1945; 2Vi per cent to 1948; 3 per cent each after 1948. Mr. Morgenthau’s four alternatives: (1) One per cent to 1940; 1V4 per cent to 1943 ; 2 per cent to 1946 ; 2 Vi per cent to 1949 ; 3 per cent after that. (2) Boost from 1 to 1 Vi per sent in 1940; to IVi per cent in 1941; to 1% per cent in 1942; present sched ule thereafter. (3) Boost from 1 to 1 Vi per cent in 1940; to IVi per cent in 1941; to IVi per cent in 1942; present schedule thereafter. (4) Omit increase to IVi per cent Pan-America In early March Brazil’s Foreign Minister Oswaldo Aranha arrived at Washington, spent two weeks mak ing friends and returned home with a basketful of plums. In return for liberal U. S. credit allowances to develop Brazilian trade and indus try (partly a Pan American defense measure) Senor Aranha agreed to resume payment on Brazilian debts to U. S. bondholders on July 1. But commitments that were con venient in Washington were hard to Trend How the wind is blowing . . . RISK—Thanks to Adolf Hitler, rates on marine war risk insur ance covering shipments through the Baltic sea have been raised. SPIES — Attorney General Frank Murphy reports foreign spies are becoming more active in the U. S., but that federal counter-espionage agencies are prepared to cope with them “100 per cent.” TREES — The national forest service in 1938 planted 140,000,000 trees in 31 states, covering 154,- 268 acres. DIVORCE—Seeking new indus tries, the Kansas legislature is considering a one-day divorce law to attract more people to the state. OSWALDO ARANHA Back home, his tone changed. repeat when the foreign minister returned to Rio de Janeiro. To pac ify hard-pressed Brazilians, the smooth-tongued statesman told his home folks that “I always subordi nated that moral obligation of pay ment to material capacity to do it . . . My theory (in promising pay ment) was to tranquilize more than half a million holders of our bonds.” Observers have decided Senor Aranha is merely playing a clever game of diplomatip hide and seek. From safely within his own baili wick he can make pointed inferences that Brazilian bond payments will not be forthcoming as expected un less U. S. tradesmen jump to re duce his nation’s large surpluses. People Organized, by Mrs. Ken Maynard, estranged wife of the cowboy ac tor, an escort service to assist ine briated Los Angeles night club guests to their homes. • Turned religious, A1 Capone, for mer Chicago beer baron now im prisoned at Terminal Island, Calif. When a visiting minister asked pris oners to stand if they “felt the need of the Saviour,” Capone was the first to rise. Europe Almost fcrgotten in the heat of European affairs was a prediction that came true: That March would be a crisis month. As March neared its lamb-like end, Reichsfuehrer Adolf Hitler and Premier Benito Mussolini had indeed engineered a crisis and Europe’s democracies were found wanting. The blunt fact: For nine days after Germany’s Czech conquest, France, Britain, Russia and Poland sought unsuc cessfully for solidarity while Hitler made hay in Slovakia, Memel, Lith uania, Belgium and Rumania. The aftermath: Mussolini found courage to cry openly (for the first time) for French concessions. By the month’s end it appeared flowers would bloom this April in Europe, for only the remote possibility of French anti- Italian action could mar an other wise complete Nazi-Fascist victory: Germany. Of minor importance to jittery London and France are new German treaties handcuffing Slovakia and Lithuania. Of greater interest is the barter treaty with Belgium, an inroad that strikes close to home. But most important is the pact Hitler shoved dqwn the throat of Rumania’s King Carol. Its gist: About 90 per cent of Carol’s farm products, and most of his 9,000,000-ton annual oil production go to Germany; Rumania is brought politically, militarily and economi cally into the Reich’s orbit by con cessions unprecedented in modem economic relations between two sov ereign nations. With Hitler appar ently headed eastward, Rumania of fers an excellent Trojan horse for penetration of the Russian Ukraine. But increasingly remembered is the fact that another empire-bound war rior, Napoleon, met his match in Russia. Spain. By late March the 32- month civil war had apparently run its full course, ready to end with a Nationalist victory, to be followed by German-Italian domination. Italy. All that remains to com plete totalitarianism’s 1939 conquest RUMANIA’S KING CAROL Something was stuffed down his throat. is French capitulation to Mussolini's Mediterranean demands. No com petent observer expects Paris to balk at (1) giving minority rights to Italians in Tunisia; (2) granting Italy a share in administration of the Suez canal, or (3) allowing It aly to control the railroad from French Djibouti to Addis Ababa, Ethiopia's key city. So long as no territorial demands are made, Paris will register nothing more positive than an air of righteousness. Significance. Europe’s future will henceforth be dictated from Rome and Berlin, since democratic soli darity efforts continue to fail. France and England cannot be ex pected to oppose any dictator con quest short of encroachment on their own territory, and even here they would balk at armed opposition. Miscellany Favored, by more congressmen, expansion of the neutrality act’s “cash and carry” provision to in clude sale of munitions to warring nations. • Commemorated, by a special Irish postal stamp, the 150th anni versary of the American Constitu tion and George Washington’s in stallation as first U. S. President. •■Offered, by Japan, return of mandated Caroline islands to Ger many “as a gesture of good will and an example to other countries hold ing former German colonies. Stipu lation: The islands are to be sur rendered when the Reich recovers colonies from Britain and France. FORECAST RESIGNATION of John W. Hanes, undersecretary of the U. S. treasury, due to difficulty of closing breach between business and government. RELEASE of Kurt Schuschnigg, former chancellor of Austria who has been held captive by Ger many since the anschluss a year ago. APPOINTMENT of University of Chicago President Robert May nard Hutchins to chairmanship of the securities and exchange com mission, following new Supreme Court Justice William O. Doug las. . GROWTH of U. S. third party movement by Philip LaFoUette, former Progressive governor of Wisconsin and founder of national Progressive party. ’Ftoffd ADVENTURERS' CLUB HEADLINES FROM f H E LIVES OF PEOPLE LIKE YOURSELFI Murder Machine » H ello, everybody: George H. Dowd of the Bronx, N. Y., sends me a letter that starts out, “This is the first time I have ever tried to put* an experience of mine down on paper. Shall I stop?” Well, the answer to that is: For Pete’s sake, no, George. Because George has turned in one hum-dinger of a yarn. It’s the story of a barrage of flying steel that was set off, not by powder or any other sort of explosive, but by actual horsepower —28 horses, galloping hell-bent for election, drawing behind them a machine that spued death-dealing projectiles right, left, front and center. It’s the only case I ever heard of where projectiles were thrown by horses. Maybe some of those sword-rattling dictators of Europe will pick.up this idea and use horses when their supply of powder runs low. I haven’t done any experimenting with thig idea and I don’t know how well it would work. But I’ll tell you George Dowd’s story and you can figure it out for yourself. It happened along about the middle of July, 1913, on the Idaho Falls Development company dry farm, a few miles northwest of Idaho Falls, Idaho. That farm was a seven-thousand acre wheat ranch. Out in that section they harvest their wheat in July, and George, who was just a young fellow then, had a job working on on* of the Dig corribine harvesters, sewing up sacks of grain. There were three of those harvesters in the field—one drawn by mules, a second drawn by a steam engine or tractor, and the third, on which George was working, drawn by 28 head of horses. Those combine harvesters have a group of cylinders in them, hitched to the wheels and geared np to revolve at great speed when the horses are walking. George was working on a wooden pia’tform on that harvester,'directly over those revolving cylin ders. But the cylinders weren’t revolving at the moment, for she big machine was stopped for some minor repairs. The repair '/T: Piece by piece the platform was being shot away. man was putting a draper belt into the header, and the driver and the header man got down to help him, leaving George alone on the machine. j Steam Pressure Explodes $afety Valve. And then tba fun started—but it wasn’t any fun for George Dowd! It was me steam tractor hauling one of the other harvesters that started all the trouble. There was too much steam in the boiler and all of a sudden the safety valve popped off with a bang. “And within the same second,” says George, “off went the 2fr horses with the machine I was on in what you would call a real runaway!” Well, sir, a 28 horse runaway is something to write home about, but that was only the beginning. The men who were putting in the draper belt were knocked clear of the machine at the first jump the horses made. Then those animals were off down the field at a full gal lop with the great unwieldy machine careening along behind them! And as they dashed along, the cylinders of the harvester, which revolved at high speed when the horses were just walking, began revolving at a speed greater than even steel can stand! The horses hadn’t gone a dozen feet when steel cylinders be gan bursting from centrifugal force and shooting out of the ma chine in all directions. The first one ripped np through the boards on which George was standing—ripped up with a deafening crack like the report of a cannon and shot past George’s nose, straight np in the air. Another one followed—and another. Cylinders, gears and bits of broken metal came flying out of that machine in a veritable barrage. He Clung to the Harvester’s Reeling Platform. “I was on the U. S. S. Leviathan for 22 months during the war,” George says, “and I have heard her guns bark a good many times. And I would say that the reports these gears and hunks of metal made when leaving the machine were about as loud as those made by a six- inch cannon.” And George, standing right in the midst of that hail of flying steel, couldn’t do anything about it. He was having all he could do to cling to the swaying, reeling platform of that harvester while the horses gal loped along at breakneck speed. Piece by piece and board by board, the fir flooring of the platform was shot away until it was even with the heels of his shoes. If he’d thought of it, he might have Jumped, but for the first few moments he was too bewildered. He could feel the wind of those deadly metal projectiles as they whizzed by him. One of them hit him in the calf of the leg. Others ripped great holes in the canvas awning over his bead. “There were pieces of steel weighing three or four pounds shot from that harvester,” he says, “that were picked up later more than a mile away.” Help Was Already on the Way. But meanwhile, help was already on the way. The repair man had a good saddle horse tied nearby and in less than half a minute he was in the saddle, riding hard. The runaways had almost a quarter of a mile head start, but gradually he closed up that distance. The barrage of steel had stopped by then, and George was safe as long as he could cling to his perch on the shattered platform. He did cling to that platform. He olung to it for a full mile, while the harvester reeled and swayed and threatened to tip over. But at the end of that mile the repairman caught up with the lead horses and brought them to a stop. George says that harvester was nearly new when it started, but it was a total wreck when it stopped. George, on the other hand, was lucky. His only injury was where that one piece of flying steel had hit his right leg. “And that,” he says, “wasn’t serious.” Copyright—WNU Service. Panama Cities Founded Several Centuries Ago Cristobal, Canal Zone, Atlantic port of entry to that strip of leased territory across the narrow part of the republic of Panama, is the gateway to a scene that dates back through the centuries. Panama City and Colon are ancient and colorful, and Cristobal and Balboa are mod ern and military. Panama City and Colon are not outgrowths of the building of the canal. They are cities founded four centuries ago, the terminals of a paved causeway built to carry the unrecorded riches of the conquista- dores, with a legend of pirates, buc caneers, and the freebooters of the Spanish Main. A kaleidoscope of nations, they owe their atmosphere to a commerce originating in the Fifteenth century. The parade of nations began with the Spaniards and negro slaves, Inca chiefs and native Indians, and was carried on by the English buccaneers, the French corsairs, the forty-niners, Hindus, Chinese, and Arabs. De scendants of these early merchants pass through the streets, displaying their wares in open shops that give the thoroughfares the atmosphere of an oriental bazaar. Balboa and Cristobal contrast sharply with Panama City and Colon in all respects except natural tropic beauty. They are a result of the canal, with wharves, customs houses, drydocks, administration buildings, rows of houses and a note of military efficiency. What to Eat and Why C. Houston Goudiss Offers Practical Help in Planning Meals That Avoid Hidden Hunger; Illustrates Right and Wrong Methods of Menu Building By C. HOUSTON GOUDISS A GENERATION ago, homemakers approached the prob lem of feeding their families with but two objectives: to put weight on their children and to send adults away from the table with their appetites appeased. If the child failed to gain satisfactorily, nr if his teeth were crowded and sub ject to decay, he was said to “take after his Uncle Abner” or perhaps to have inherited* ; m the poor teeth of his maternal grandmother. And if adults were chronically tired or suf fered from “nerves,” that, too, was blamed on circum stances that had nothing to do with the diet. No one had ever heard of hid den hunger! For nntritionists had not yet startled the world by demon strating that food may satisfy the ap petite and yet fail to feed . . . that the absence of mi nute amounts of minerals and vita mins may be re sponsible for a long train of deficiency diseases w h i e h cause untold mis ery and are responsible for men tal and physical inefficiency. Planning Meals Scientifically Today we know that a definite relationship exists between food consumption and bodily activity, and that normal individuals can usually control body weight by regulating the amount of fuel foods in the diet. We know that minerals and vitamins play a pow erful part in building and main taining sound teeth as well as healthy nerves; and that we can build resistance to disease, defer old age, and even lengthen the span of life by choosing our food, not merely for its appetite appeal, but for the qualities that contrib ute toward what nutritionists term a balanced diet. The Balanced Diet Every modem homemaker therefore owes it to her family not to plan meals at random, but to take into consideration the seven factors that science has deter mined to be essential for top health. These include: protein for building and repairing body tissue; carbohydrates to produce quick heat and energy; fats, a more compact form of fuel; min erals, which serve both as build ers, and' as regulators of body processes; vitamins A, B, C, D, E and G, which act as regulators, and help to prevent the various de ficiency diseases; water, which serves as a vehicle by which food is carried to the tissues, and celln- lose or bulk, required for the nor mal functioning of the intestinal tract. A Day's Food Plan The various food essentials will be supplied if the three daily meals include a quart of milk for every child, a pint for each adult, which may be served as a bever age, with cereals, in soups, sauces or made into desserts; an egg daily, or at least three or four weekly; one serving of meat, fish or chicken, usually at the main meal of the day; a second protein food, such as cheese, baked beans or nuts, usually served at lunch or supper; two vegetables besides potatoes, one of which should be of the raw, leafy variety; two servings of fruit, and at least one serving of a whole grain cereal. By adhering to this plan, you will help to supply your family with the necessary proteins, min erals, vitamins and cellul'jse. Fuel foods may be added by way of breadstuffs, macaroni, rice and other cereals; butter or margarine and the fats used in cooking. s_ Common Errors in Menu Planning Common mistakes in menu plan ning are a concentration of too many proteins or carbohydrates in one meal; the failure to include adequate bulk by way of fruits^ vegetables and whole grain cere als; and tfie massing in one meal of too many foods that are high in fat. The following menu, for exam ple, contains more protein than necessary, and too little bulk, yet it is typical of the dinners served in many homes: Hamburger Steak, Baked Beans, Potatoes, Stewed Com, Custard Pie. Since both meat and baked beans are rich in protein, they may well be served at separate meals, as indicated by either of the following combinations: Ham burger Steak, Creamed Potatoes, String Beans, Lettuce Salad, Fresh or Cooked Fruit. Or, Baked Beans, Stewed Tomatoes, Cabbage Salad, Custard Pie. In the first menu, the beans, po tatoes, com and pastry are all high carbohydrate foods. To pro vide additional bulk, as well as to reduce the amount of carbo hydrate, it would be advisable to serve a green vegetable such as string beans, and choose fruit in stead of pie for dessert. It is as sumed, of course, that eggs would be given in some other form dur- protein and carbohydrate, we omit potatoes in the third menu, and I serve a Jood rich in vitamin C— the tomatoes, and add a bulky raw vegetable by way of the salad. It't Balance That Count* It requires no more time or ef fort to prepare nutritionally cor rect meals than those which lack balance, nor is it more expen sive. For elaborate meala can lack balance, if they are deficient in minerals, vitamins and bulk, while these composed of such simple foods as bread and milk, and stewed fruits may provide an abundance of the protective sub stances which satisfy the hidden hunger of the body. My plea to homemakers is to give less thought to the prepara tion of elaborate recipes, and more thought to supplying the food values that will create abundant health and vitality. In that way, x believe we shall take a real step forward in human progress. I*—WNU—C. Houston Ooudlss—1938—ST Gay Fruit Motif for Towels MSSSSSS Pattern 6037 Here’s your chance to add color to the kitchen in the simplest of stitchery. Do the large fruit in applique or outline stitch and let the cross-stitch (4 and 8-to-the- inch) give the finishing touch. Make them for the bride-to-be but here’s fair warning, you’ll want to keep them yourself! In pattern 6037 you will find a transfer pat tern of six motifs averaging 4 by 10 inches and the applique pattern pieces; color suggestions; materi al requirements; illustrations of stitches used. To obtain this pattern, send 15 cents in coins to The Sewing Cir cle, Household Arts Dept., 259 West 14th St., New York, N. Y. Please write your name, ad dress and pattern number plainly. Nothing Is Lost Nothing is lost, neither thoughts nor even dreams. They remain the soul of the earth, in order to produce other thoughts — other dreams.—Pierre De Coulevam. CKS Any kind—for fri«n or higb egg bred So op. On. U. 8. approved, putlorum teoted. 100,000 weekly. Rede, Rooks, Orpingtons, Hampshire*, Giants, Leg horns, Minorca*. AA, AAA. Super A grades. Light and heavy assorted. Write for details on UvsbUlty guarantee that protects you. We have the breed lag, equipment and experience to prod see champion chicks. Oldest hatchery in Georgia and first In state to bloodiest. Write today. BLUE RIBBON HATCHERY 215 Forsyth at, 8. W, Atlanta, Os. hi