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McCORMICK MESSENGER. McCORMICK, S. C.. THURSDAY, JANUARY 14, 1937 SEE NEW PEACE FOR AMERICAS irkrkirkiic'k'kif'kif’k'k'kiffcirkit I STAR I iFirs* Inter-American Neutrality Pact Signed at Buenos Aires; Value of Peace Propaganda and Women’s Work Emphasized. r-p Ti according to Cordell Hull, secretary of state of the United States and this country’s guiding spirit at the meeting, were ironed out entirely to his satisfaction and without jeop ardizing the effectiveness of the con vention. The pact provides that the League members shall maintain their full rights and obligations un der the Covenant of the League. Further, they shall not be required to give the Inter-American neutral ity program precedence over pos sible application of sanctions im posed by the League of Nations. • The conference’s standing com- By WILLIAM C. UTLEY HE Inter-American Conference for the Maintenance of Peace met in Buenos Aires last month for expressed pur pose of laying the foundations of a permanent peace on the two American continents. From the reports of the agree ments consummated in the closing sessions of the smooth-work ing conference it appears that these foundations have been laid. The conference cannot be looked upon in any light other than that of a complete success for President Roosevelt, for its outcome has revealed the attainment of the purpose for which he suggested it be held. These are the cornerstones which it has set in place for the banish ment of war from the Western Hem isphere—a convention of collective security; a protocol banning in tervention an unfriendly act that would bond together all of the Amer ican republics in common defense against a country guilty of inter vention; a convention requiring common and joint neutral attitude on the part of all the American countries in the event of hostilities between any two of them, and a declaration of solidarity. This latter declaration will have the effect of a pronouncement by the nations of this hemisphere that an act tending to affect the peace of any of them will affect all, and set in motion consultations provided for in the collective security conven tion. The word “convention” as it has been used in reporting the ac tivities of the conference assumes the meaning given it in internation al law—that of a treaty or agree ment establishing practices for a group of several signatory nations under specific conditions, such as war Pact Unanimously Adopted. It was the first time in history that the American nations had ever agreed on a treaty which would end war or combat the threat of war by linking the nations of this hemis phere in a joint neutrality program. It was adopted unanimously! a fact which is indeed indicative of u»e har mony prevalent throughout the en tire conference. In addition to the four corner stones, the conference produced at least two other suggested features which are destined to play an im portant part in the determined ef fort to maintain peace. These two things are an inter-American peace propaganda program of heroic pro portions via the radio and moving -pictures, and a general movement to afford women full rights of citi zenship in the nations which sent delegations. Other resolutions dealt mainly with standardization and exchange in education and art with a view to strengthening through spiritual and intellectual channels the ties which bind the American nations. The neutrality convention emerged as a distinct tribute to the statesmanship of the United States delegation. The draft from the com mittee in charge was actually pre sented to the assembly as a joint resolution by the 23 signatory na tions and not just as a United States project. It had been the most dif- ficult of all the conventions to jam through committee. The emergent pact was described fa “a convention to co-ordinate, ex- A resolution introduced by the Uruguayan delegation, condemning the use of poison gas, liquid fire and bacteria in warfare. A recommendation by the United States that tariff barriers be low ered to give all American nations equal trade opportunities. A proposal that non-members of the League of Nations, which signed the 1933 anti-war pact prepared by Argentine Foreign Minister Carlos Saavedra Lamas, and the Kellogg- Briand peace pact, co-operate with the League in efforts to prevent and end wars. A recommendation that all Pan- American countries put in practice the inter-American tourist passport suggested in 1935, and establish commercial boards of arbitration. Plan Radio “Salesmanship.” The growing importance of prop aganda designed to promote inter national friendships and thus cure the curse of war at its roots was well recognized by the conference. For one thing, it was suggested that all the nations of the Americas pool together in the presentation of a !m ★ DUST cme • Radio ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ mam Claudette Colbert President Roosevelt and President Justo of Argentine, seen on their way to attend peace conference at Buenos Aires. mittee on the organization of peace, headed by Felix Nieto del Rio of Chile, submitted a resolution — which was passed—that the forma tion of an American League of Na tions be discussed in 1938 in the eighth Pan-American Conference at Lima, Peru. It must not be imagined that the neutrality conventions are hide bound agreements They are too flexible and bear too many reserva tions for that. Rather, they are an initial move toward a co-ordinated Pan-American program which guar antees at least immediate consul tation with a view to promotion of peace, probably followed by com bined action, in the case of hostili ties. Reservations Limit Effectiveness. A reservation insisted upon by Ar gentina makes the effectiveness of any embargoes which might be de- The magnificent Plaza Congreso at Buenos Aires, where the Inter- American Conference for the Maintenance of Peace was held. tend and assure the fulfillment of existing treaties between the Amer ican states.” United States Satisfied. The American republics agree that, in case of hostilities or the threat of hostilities “between two or more of them, they shall, through consultation, immediately endeavor to adopt in their character as neu trals a common and solidary atti tude in order to discourage and pre vent the spread or prolongation of hostilities.” Most of the difficulty in getting the convention through committee was caused by the problem of mak ing it fit Latin-American countries which were already members of the League of Nations. The wrinkles, dared under the conventions doubt ful. This reservation makes two conditions: first, that in no case shall foodstuffs and raw materials des tined for the civilian populations of belligerent countries be considered as war contraband; and, second, that in the event of an arms em bargo, each nation may reserve its attitude in case of a war of ag gression. Minor reservations were also insisted upon by Paraguay, El Salvador and Colombia. Other resolutions bearing upon the event of war which were passed by the conference in plenary, or complete, session included: Chile’s recommendation that na tions arrange bilateral arms limita tion agreements. sort of Pan-American radio hour, to further the cause of peace.' This program would promote inter- American appreciation of art, liter ature and the tourist attractions of the co-operating nations. Here may possibly be seen the influence of the success of President Roosevelt’s “fireside chats.” It was suggested that the outlets be the most powerful broadcasting stations in each of the countries. Impor tant actions by countries party to the agreement would be announced and patriotic holidays celebrated, but no political comments or reports would be allowed. In nations where the government’s influence over radio broa casting is not too greatly curbed by law, it is suggested that programs which might stir up enmity between na tions or might disturb peaceful re lations be banned. Another resolution involved agree ment of the nations to teach in all grades of all schools the principles of the renunciation of war and the settlement of international disputes by arbitration. Arrangements were also made for the annual in terchange of students and profes sors, and for interchange of books and publications through national or official libraries. The growing importance of mov ing pictures as media of peace prop aganda was likewise recognized. Governments were advised to clamp down on the showing of films which glorified “wars of aggres sion” or which represented inci dents likely to excite the animosity of other nations. By the same token it was suggested that educational films promoting the friendly inter est of one country in another, espe cially by stimulating tourist trade, be allowed freedom of taxes or duties. See Victory for Women. The tremendous effect of women’s work on behalf of peace was mate rially acknowledged by a resolution recognizing their efficacy in society and the effect they will have upon the morale of future generations. The resolution said that the time had arrived to enhance their work by granting women of all the Amer- icall countries citizenship. Miss Doris Stevens, principal champion of the women’s cause, who had con ducted much of her campaign from a sickbed, saw in this resolution a complete victory; she interprets it to be an official recommendation that women be given the voting franchise in all the American coun tries, as they have been in the United States. The tremendous ovations accord ed President Roosevelt wherever he visited in South America were evidence of the belief that his “good neighbor” policy had made the thing possible. Tulio M. Cestero, the Dominican delegate, was round ly applauded when he told the con ference he hoped the policy “would be a permanent policy of all future United States administrations.” © Western Newspaper Union. Walt Disney Lots of Variety in Crocheted Edgings ***By VIRGINIA VALE*** O F COURSE you’ve seen Sid Silvers, and laughed at him, in many a movie; now you’re going to hear him on the air with A1 Jolson, whom you’ve also seen in pictures, but not recently. Silvers is something new under the sun. He writes the very funny lines he speaks; that is, he makes them up, but he doesn’t put tl\3m down on paper. He just says them. Somebody else takes them down. And if he gets a very funny idea during the final filming of a scene, in it goes and the scene is done over again.. But what havoc that will cre ate if he forgets himself and does it on the air, since radio scripts have to be written and re-written, and then approved. —*— Now it’s Claudette Colbert and her husband who are going to adopt a baby from that famous orphanage in Chicago. Irene Dunne and her hus band were the latest couple to do it—and Irene, worse luck, had such a bad cold during the first few days of the little girl’s presence in her new home that sho couldn’t go near the infant. Meanwhile Claudette has been given the lead in the screen version of “Tovarich,” the successful stage play; she should be grand in it. Claire Luce, who was Fred Astaire’s first dancing partner after his sister deserted him for matri mony, is in Hollywood, with yearn ings to become a motion picture actress. On the stage she got along beautifully with the nimble Fred, but she’s not making tests for RKO, so apparently she isn’t being con sidered for his partner on the screen. Practically everyone else has been, apparently! The blonde Miss Luce has a life time on the stage behind her—that is, she has her lifetime, as she started at the age of four. She was one of the six or eight chorus girls in the musical show in which Mir iam Hopkins and various other cel ebrities were also chorus girls—and what tales they all tell about each other in private! —-K— It looks as if James Cagney would break out again—not in a fight with a motion picture company this time, but iu a new venture. He is talking of reviving the theater in small towns, so you may see him in per son before long. It is said that Robert Montgomery and Pat O’Brien may appear with him, as well as his brother Bill. Meanwhile his first picture for Grand National, is completed at last. —*— How do you like the idea of a picture with Robert Taylor, Spencer Tracy and James Stewart in it? The picture will be “Three Comrades,” and the author is the man who wrote “Journey’s End,” so the story ought to be good. Once upon a time studio executives would have screamed at the idea of putting three such players in one picture, but nowadays the big companies plan to give us as much for our money as they can. —*— Have you been missing “Minnie Mouse” from the screen? If you have, don’t worry— she’ll return. You see, her voice—that is, the young woman who plays “Minnie’s voice — got married and went off on a honeymoon. Being the voice for one of Walt Disney’s popular characters is a pretty good job —and it means a contract for the actual owner of the voice, too, because the public is so familiar with the sounds that Mickey and his co-play ers make. Maybe some day we’ll see that Disney feature-length picture that has been talked about for so long, “Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.” —*— ODDS AND ENDS . • . Ever since he finished “The Gay Desperado'* Nino Martini has been traveling around, giv ing concerts, and flying east each Wednesday for his broadcast—jo im agine how thankful he is that the opera season has started in New York, keep ing him home for the winter . , . D. I*. Schulberg, the movie producer, finally admitted that he and Sylvia Sidney will probably marry when his marital affairs are straightened out ... He and Mrs. Schulberg have been living apart fo: some time . . . Richard Dix is takin out a patent for a thornless rose tchic he has developed at his ranch . . . Rol ert Young will appear with Claudett Colbert in “She Met Him in Faris, which may console him for losing on on Love on the Run,” the Crawford Gable-Tone picture . . . Now they say it is Gladys George who will play the roU of the mother in “Stella Dellas.” ® Western Newspaper Union. Pattern 1300 Wonderfully dainty edgings, the laciest of borders, can roll off your crochet hook if you have pat tern 1300. You can crochet an in expensive bit of dress-up for coL lar and cuff set, lingerie, hankies, towels, sheets, cases and napkins. The top edging simulates tatting but is easier and quicker to do. Even a beginner will find this pat tern simple to follow. Pattern 1300 contains detailed directions for making the edgings shown; illus trations of them and of all stitches used; material requirements. Send 15 cents in stamps or coins (coins preferred) for this pattern to The Sewing Circle, Needlecraft Dept., 82 Eighth Ave., New York, N. Y. , Write plainly pattern number, your name and address. The Road of Truth There may exist different con ceptions of beauty; everyone has his own personal opinion, but there can be no question about the truth of the feeling of beauty. That is real and palpable. There can be no two truths, and from this I recognized that there is only one road that leads to the attain ment of beauty. That road is Truth. — Feodor Chaliapin, in “Man and Mask.” Beware Coughs from common colds That Hang On No matter how many medicines you have tried for your cough, chest cold or bronchial irritation, you can get relief now with Creomulsion. Serious trouble may be brewing and you cannot afford to take a chance with anything less than Creomul sion, which goes right to the seat of the trouble to aid nature to soothe and heal the inflamed mem branes as the germ-laden phlegm is loosened and expelled. 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