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ESTABLISHED 18 THE DUTCH FORK. B Y D R . 0 . J. . Y i t * * * at thy co*nmman'', Again the crunbled halls shall rise; Lo! as on Evan.s bank we stand. The past retu:m-e present tMles. C.uorow C.STi.E. I have come to know, in common with a few others (neccssarily few), and such fellowship of knowledge is really very sweet,-weaning us, as it does, from attachment to the visible present and inducing us to look back, "yearning for infancy," upon the shift ing road we have travelled from child hood to old age;-I have come to know, I say, that much of what has long been lying almost in forgetfulness, rwhen it once more gains access to our ircollection, appears with more vivid ness and exactness than do recent thirds loitering in our minds. These, belonging to the last ten or fifteen years of old age, are thrust aside under the intrusion of new thoughts and actions rapidly recurring, and they drift more and more out of remembrance during the short remainder of an ,old man's life; but the events of long ago, after having faded during a half centi'ry into indistinctness, mysteriously return to old people, like spirits risen from graves, make their way through the throng-of circumstances surrounding declining life, and hold up the claims of child hood,-pointing to the scripture: Ex cept ye be converted, and become as little children, ye shall not enter into the kingdom of heaven. To illustrate most beautifully this idea of retracing our way, in thought, towards the com mencement of our lives, invited by the recovered brightness of our earliest ex periences, I quote Paul Hayne's en trancing lines-the last lines of his poem entitled, "The Valley of Anostan." Alluding to one who had thus retraced the path oT his life to its beginning, the Poet writes: His soul grew fresh. dew-Ilik e and sweet again, And through his past, his golden yesterdays, He wandered b'ck and back till youth, re gained, Shone in the candid radiance of his eyes. That Still waxed larger, holier, crystal-clear, With resurrection of life's ten derest dawn Of child-like faith; by which illumed and warned, He walks, himself a dream within a dream, -Yearning for infancy. This found at last, 'Gently he passes upward unto God, Not through death's portal wrapped in stsrm ifand wrath, But the fair archway of the gates of birth. Though this allusion to the remark able inenfal condition so generally ex perienced by old persons, reviewing in freshness the scenes of early life, may be somewhat out of place in an un dertaking like this, nevertheless it will enable me (an old man, myself) to pro ceed with greater confidence in the correctness of the statements I have to present. In an old lumber house on the prem Sises where I was born, and where I passed much of my early life, I fre quently saw and examined three decay ing, cast an~y implements. For more than thirty years they had passed out of my thoughts; but nowv, since I yield to the magic by which sThe past returns -the present flies, Stheir shape is so definitely brought b back to my memory, that with a pencil and a piece of paper I could mak' a de lineation of it sufficiently accurate to guide 9,n artizan in reproducing one. They were called flax-breakers, andi were used in the Dutch Fork, before the cultivation of cotton, to break into very short fragments the stalks of the flax-plant, so that they could be easily separated from the rough bark after the process of rotting. It seems like an Almighty beneficent des'ign, that the woody part of the flax-plant should undergo such rapid decay through heat and moisture, which the fibrous bark almost defies the laws of decomposi tion. More than four hundred years ago a few nights exposure to dampness and to the heat of the sun for as many -days removed the flax-stalks in a rot ten Spulp from a quantity of fibre which Swas woven into a fabric that received from the brush of Raphael the paint F ng of the Transfiguration, has kept it fresh to the present day, and will last to keep it for four hundred years longer. The same can be said in regard to hun d reds of other master-pieces of painting. St range! that a stuff of such little dura bility as cotton should ever threaten to become a substitute for linen,-cotton, the very symbol of rottenness and de cay, while linen is the symbolic im ir >rtal material for the marriage dress of the Lamb's Bride,-t o be arrayed in fine linen, c!ean and white. The rou-;b mass left by the separa tion of the broken stalks from the bark, must now be drawn across a hackle, to straighten out the fibers. This hackle was made by* firmly fixing thirty or forty sharp steel points four or five inches long in a thick piece of woo ten inches square. One of these, no longer in use, lay for several years in the loft of an old out-house. I saw it frequently: and my thoughts quickly turned to it, when 1, for the first time, read Burns' Address to the Toothache, --pausing at the stanza wvhere he so cruelly writes: Adown my beard the slavers trickle; I throw the wece stool!s o'er the mickle, As round the tire the giglets keekle ? To see me houp; hcl Wile raving mad. I wish a ecl Were at their <ioup. I am unable to deserib)e the various stages of preparation through whicl the ilax had to pass before it was ready for the distaff and the wheel. The Sdistaff, which I saw occasionally, fitted! tih. nasce utaoeteap rtihat twiased juthae the anpa ratund tat.n tisdl thethread rand ofun ito threned spool.Itda brad peeledhree-prorged dogwoodasrwhit sua a in hark so as to be as whitt 65. and as smooth as ivory. The prongs were about as large as goose-quills, and ten or twelve inches long, while the sten, from which the prongs diverged, Sand which fitted into the socket, was about six inches lot,g and as thick as one's finger. The bunch of flax was attached to this simple contrivance, and the initial thread was started and shaped by the fingers of the spinner. It was then brought down within reach of the twister which after twisting it sufficiently wound it upon the spool. Two of these little spiuning-wheels came down to my time, while dwelling in my boyhood's home. Twenty years before I was born, there was at least one of them in every house. I som times saw my grandmother, E. M. S., manipulate one of the two that now return to me in such a shapely reality whenever I call for them. While hold ing them in menial view, they direct my thoughts to many scenes of domes tie beauty gathered from the writings I have read. Of such I mention two or three. What person, who has ever read the Book of Books, can behc!d a distaff without quickly turning tc tie thirty-first-the last chapter of the Book of Proverbs and-feeling the heart throb with the emotion of Honor to Woman, as he reads the following verses: 10. V'".o can find a virtuous woman? for her price is above rubles. 13. She seeketh wool and flax and worketh wi'lingly with her hands. 19. She layeth her hand to the spindle, and her hands hold the distaff. 24. She maketh fine linen and selleth it; and delivereth girdles unto the merchants. 25. Her children arise up and call her blessed; her husband also, and he praiseth her. What reader. that has been startled by the fearfulness of Faust, can look at a distaff and an old-fashioned spin ning-wheel, without meeting a vision of the unhappy Margarite and hearing her pensive song : Meine Ruhe ist hin, Mein herz 1st schwer, Ich finds sie nimmer Und nimmermeh r. In English : My peace is gone, N; heart is sore, I tind it never And nevermore. When I watched my grandmother at work with this spinning-w heel, al ready at that time going out of use, I was impressed, young as I was, with the quietude attached to the occupa tion., She was seated on a low bench, and-w~ith her foot she moved a treadle that communicated motion. to the wheel similarly to what is now done with a sewin~g machine. A band formed of twisted thread passed over the wheel and around the spindle to which quite a rapid movement wvas given. With the thumb and fore-fin ger of one hand she pulled down a small quantity of fiax from the distaff, and by the aid of the other hand gave it the form of a rough roll which, caught by the twister, was quickly finished into a smooth thread and wound upon the spool or quill. The noise produced by the revolving twister, and the hum ming of the wheel made up a continu ous, monotonous buzzing sound which, combined with the bending over of the body and downward gazing of the eyes, was highly favorable for meditation. Thus for hours the spinning would continue, with nothing to interrupt it excepting, now and then, the quill or spool would get loose -m the spindle or the band would jump out of its groove, when, as was the case with Priscilla in the Courtship of Miles Standish. -the spindle ttered an angry suarl and the thread snapped short in her fingers and my g;randmother would have to pause and readjust things. Wool was spun into thread by means of the distafi and small wheel akn~ost as easily as flax. Woolen ciothes, dyed mostly black or gray, were as common in winter as flaxen were in summer. Some of the bed coverlets were woven with much skill and great beauty. I have no authority to consult (just now) in order to ascertain the date when Co lumbia became a market-town. It was certainly a point of scarcely any impor tance, if it had any existence at all, up to the Inst year of the Revolutionary war. The f armers and the few mer chants (one o: two) of Dutch Fork did nearly all their trading at Granby, from an ind*efinite period about the middle of the eighteenth century, when Orangeburg and Granby were merely advanced posts for trading with the Indians, down to the beginning of the present nineteenth century. The woolen coverlets for beds had already within reach of my earliest inquiries and recollections been, through the barter of tobacco, aided by supplemen tary blankets procured from Granby and more and more frequently from Charleston. The luxuries of sugar and coffee came into Dutch Fork contem praneously with myself. Seventy years ago I was regaled with my first sip) of cofree, and I have now, in 1S91, a lively remembrance of the fact that this decoetion, now-a-days so black in its strength, was, in 1S21, so pale in its feebleness, that it could not bear the admixture of milk. Rice was another luxury; as was likewise a kind oC weet wine, called Malaga. It was that wine so bountifully used during the first third of this century at wedding feasts, for preparing the Sangaree w.ith whichj the jolly Germans on these occasions washed down through their throats ,he many spoonfuls of rice-pudding. The cotton cards, by wvhich the lint separated from the seed was prepared into rolls to be spun into thread, mnust have been invented since the introduc tion of Whitney's gin, and previously to that of the large spinning-wheel Certain it 5s, the women of the Dutch Fork at their first acquaintance with NEWr on the little w. .1 moved by the treadle. The cotton-map could not be fixed on the distaff and be drawn down by the fingers to the twisting flyers, as was done with the flax and wool; so it was first fashioned into rolls by some instrument similar to the cotton cards. Of course,this was of short continuance. The patience developed by these little buzzing wheels in preparing yarn for the clumsy, ancient loom was too tar dy for the production of any tcxture but such as was expected to do good service for at least a quarter of a centu ry, as in the itstance of flax. A ma terial so light and of such short contin uance as cotton,-so easily made into cloth,-required contrivances of greater speed for that purpose, than those known to our Dutch Fork ancestors, so averse to changes and progress. Moreover, as the days drew on when the desire for "changeable suits of ap parel" was to outstrip all handiwork, and the gentler sex to require often times as much as eighteen yards of stuff for one dress, with a trailing "su perfluity of naughtiness" at least a yard long, the distaff and the little spinning-wheel were forced to retire gradually into a Sabbatic rest; and the fingers to call for the help of the steam power. Multiplicity must ever be at the expense of durability. Desire can be strained beyond gratification. Nei ther the strength of steam nor the rapidity of electricity shall ever be able to satisfy the imaginations of men's hearts, rushing on from "vanity of vanities" to "vexations of spirit..' The time is, therefore, on the way when mankind reeling under satiety shall turn towa:-ds the "Valley of Anostan" to seek for the simplicity of former times. Then tl:e distaff and the little buzzing wheel, coming forth from their Sabbath of rest, will greet the children of repentance with a louder and yet more melodious hum while spinning the thread for the fine white linen in which the millenial people are to be robed.. 3had many conversations with per sons remembering when cotton first came into the Dutch Fork. It was in troduced so gradually that no one could fix a precise date. It certainly was not before 1793, when the cotton gin was patented, nor after 1818, when I was-born. The cultivation of this eticing plant was at first experimen tland only farmers possessed of su yperabundant land and labor-force veni tured to try it. The fields selected for this new kind of tillage were so small thatthey were -called patcee b ene coton-patMces to this day, when the acreage is small. For several years no more was planted than sufficient for ciothing. At first the seed were seps rated from the lint by the fingers, as I have already stated. The cotton as picked from the bolls was heaped in the largest room of the house, and as remote from the fire-place as possible, to avoid conflagration. For further security, woolen coverlets were spread over the heap to protect it from the sparks that might be pro jected from the fire, on winter nights. The young folks of the nearest neigh bors now, after early supper, usually assembled together from farm-house to farm-house to engage in the pleasant occupation of picking with their fingers the lint of the cotton from the seed. .I have been informed that the fun began in this sort of a way: A young woman of satisfactory beauty leaves the brightness of the blazing fire, kindled in Aptember more for light than fo'r warmth, goes to the cotton-heap, and fills her apron with the snowy locks. She then steals away in to quiet corner ostensibly in the desire to be alone, and not to be bothered by any intermeddler of the opposite sex to the interruption of the neighborly kindness wvhieb she came over there to exercise. One can almost hear her say so, as she casts an angry, forbidding glance at a hard-headed looking fellow who at present seemis disinclined for any work, at all. Now, look at the fellow. The young woman has scarcely composed herself comfortably, when he of the hard-head approaches her and, notwithstanding her gestures of disap probation, squats himself with a bump down on the floor before her,-falling on his knees. 2Nanwhile, illustrating the contagiousness of example, the whole company become divided off into couples, and an unintelligible, murmuring wvhisper floats through the room, till the clock strikes twelve, when they all leave for their respective homes. So it wvent the rounds from hous 'o house. It a said that Whitney's patent was much encroached upon throughout the cotton-growing States. There is no doubt of the fact, that some persons in the Dutch Fork, perceiving the need for a 'more expeditious way of separat ig the cotton seed and lint than by the fingers, made small machines that were put in motion by the hand. They must have been infringements of W hit ney's patent, in as much as they con sisted of circular: saws moving between iron or steel bars. They answered the requirement so well, that the Dutch Fork farmers began to cultivate cotton for market. The first right for ma king Whitney's gin in that part of the ountry was obtained by m., old friend, David Miller, wvho bad his hand badly cut up by pushing his enterprise. The progress of cotton culture from 130 down to this date is well known and bclongs to "the present." I con clude this number with some account of the large spinning "wheel, one of which was exhibited at tiTh Atlanta Exposition six or eight years ago, as an ipemeut belonging to the part. It needs no particular description from me, as there are hundreds of them to 11 BERRY, S. C., TIl] day. Some of my most delightful re mini,cences are connected with the modern spinning-wheel. My mothe reappears in living shape and feature as I recall her spinning-wheel. I can see her walking to and fro before the spindle giving to the wheel a revolution of such rapidity, that, for a moment, nothing could be seen but the hub and the rim. I have seen with boyish ad miration many a you:ng woman en gaged at this kind of work. No other occupation displays the God-given graces of woman so admirably as when she walks over a sanded floor, with her waist untrammeled by the accursed corset, and her teeth gleaming through noble smiles-her spinning-wheel all the while 'with whizzing acclamation testifying to her strength and willing-1 ness to labor for the comfort of her home. In my next number, I shall mentiun some facts connected with the super stitions of the Dutch Fork. D1:. MIcL1:1[)E'F FA11:EWELL. His Tribute to Haskeil Applauded-Pro fessor Davis Warmly Praised-The Sad Good-Bye-Token of Affection. [Greenville Daily News.]. COLU.MBIA, June 17.-The cmn mencement exercises of the State Un versity to-day were marked by several interesting incidents. In the delivery of the diplomas to the thirty-one grad uates President McBryde, whose con nection with the institution ceases to day, made a farewell address. In re ferring to the notable graduates of the college he spoke of "That flower of Chivalry, Alexander C. Haskell." The significance of these words, however, unintentional it may have been, was quickly read by the audience, espec- I ially from the fact that Governor Till man was seated on the stand, and great applause followed. Doctor McBryde paid a high tribute to Professor R. Means Davis, referring to him as "an educator in his chosen I field the peer of any in the South." The speaker's reference to his parting with old friends and severance of hisI connection with an institution that he1 had hoped never to leave brought tears to many eyes. Dr. McBryde was presented with two silver services, one by the students and one by the Alumni association. Harsh, But -? "Ho," said a well-known statesman, "I shall never believe that woman hasI the proper judgment ang~sense,tQ cast a bflot, or interfere ir panics, while she is so weak-minded as to passively suffer, year after year, from disease peculiar to females, when every newspaper she picks up, tells of the merits of Dr. 1 Pierce's Favorite Prescription. Not to take advantage of this remedy is cer tainly an indication of mental weak ness!" There is a wholesale kernel of truth inside the rough shell of this ungallant speech. The "Favorite Prescription" is invaluable in all uterine troubles, in flammations, ulcerations, displace ments, nervous disorders, prostration, exhaustions, or hysteria. For run down, worn-out women, no more strengthening tonic or nervime is known. WHITES GIVE WAY TO BLACKS. An Entirely New Deal for Biddle Uiver sity at Charlotte. [Special to Greenville Daily News.] CHARLOTTE, N. C., June 17.-The board of missions at Pittsburg, Pa., which furnishes means for carrying on Biddle university, colored, in this city has asked the resignation of President Johnson and two of the professors in order to put negroes in their places, Sanpers, of Wilmington, as President, Grunke, of Washington, and Brooks as Professors. The board .of trustees, in which are several prominent citizens of Char lotte, has decided to endorse this action of the Pittsburg board. A meeting of the trustees from Pitts burg and the trustees of this place was held here to-day. The southerners entered an earnest protest against thme election of a negro president as the college has always been under the rule of white men, but the P'ttsburg board out voted the soutc;n board and the negro w~as elected. The wuite professors immediately re signed as did also the gentlemen com - posing the southern board of trustees. The Best Life PoHecy. It's uot the Tontine plan, or Endow meat plan, or Ten years' renewable plan. It's not adding you few dollars to the hundreds of millions that the in surance companies boast of. It's a better investment than any of those, it is investing a few dollars in that Stan dard Remedy, the "Golden MIedical Discovery,'' a cure for Consumption, in its early stages, and all throat and lug trouibles. BIG PHOSPHATE DEAL. London Brokers Buy a Large Amoun,t of Florida Phosphate Land. JACKso'vitrL:, Fla., June 18.-Anu Ocala special to the Times-Union says: James A Harris and Albertus Vogte have sold to a syndticate 4,9(i0 acres of phoSphate land in Mfarion, Levy, Citrus, Hernando and Polk Counties for $7,000 cash, tbey retaining in the same fifty-one one-hundredths in terest in order to control it. Judge C. G. Butt, Gordon R. Rodgers and Pres ident Gilbert of Orlando, negotiated the deal and the Packards, the big phosphate brokers of London and Brooklyn, are interested. A company was immediately organized for mining. James A. Harris is president and Al bertus Vogte general manager. The company's name is the "Crown and Cresent." The transaction is the talk of the street and has created a pro RSDAY, JUNE 24 ABOUT MONEY. t Alwayt Has Been a Cruation of Law and Will be to the End of Time--A P'lan for Paper Money Made Legal Tender :,y the Government. To the Editor of the Herald and News: 'he misfortunes and disasters in life re the results of mistakes. The obstruc ions in the pathway to the advance nent of civilization and humanity pro ced from the ignorant and selfish. It has taken all the past to make up h,: present. We should be mindful of be past, that we may avoid the mis akes of those who have gone before is; careful of the present, that we may ttain the highest standard of truth and xcellence; and solicitous of the future, hat what we achieve may be a legacy ich with fruit for those who come after Is. Every calling in life can be reduced o an exact science. Even war, styled 'the science of barbarism," has been leionstrated in the :esent century ,y Germany's peerless commander on Ioltk" to be a great science. He vas the perfect master in detail, not only f everything touching war, but before e issued a sinr;lc order to mobilize his rand army in the Franco-Prussian var, he knew through his engineers very knoll in the topography of france over which his army had to l Every battalion in that vast ,rmv of two millions of men was moved vith unerring precision. Before its narch fortress after fortress fell, not by laughter, but by maneuvers. Even he Great Metz, with 150,001) French oldiers, surrendered unconditionally, Ilmost without firing a gun. On and in moved this mighty host until Paris, he pro'td capital of Imperial France, ay prostrate at the feet of the great ommander. It was reserved for the odlike Von Moltke, in the nineteenth entury, to demonstrate that war is tot butchery, but is a great science. Government is a still greater science han war. The victories of peace are es much more glorious than the vie ories of war as the prosperity and tappiness of a people are more joyous han their desolation and death. The tatesmnan is as much superior to the uilitary commander as the blessings of :ivil government are superior to the -iors of military rule. The people who put their public ffairs into the hands of untutored arbarians, who never fail for self and >lace to sell out God and country, may vith certa..in ty expect the most dire !alamities to befall them. The law of congeniality is the law >f attraction. Attraction is the law lirough which the communicating >ower is made. In the earliest age of mankind the lean made themselves as congenial as >ossible to the first cause, and, imbibing ruth from that perfect intelligence, volved priniciples and founded sys ems of government. Minas of Crete, [heseus, Lycurgus, Solon, Socrates, ?ato and Aristotle were -the foremost >ioneers in this great work. Their eachings have survived the shocks and vreeks of time and change and have :oe down through tile ages to us, and vill live to the last syllable of time. [he principles taught and the sytsems >f government founded by these god ike minds, and the principles and systems that have flowed from them as nankind traveled down the ages, were vell understood by the framers of our ystem of governments. They gathered ogether what they conceived to be the >est and best suited to the times and heir condition and formulated and ~mbodied thenm into a written constitu ion, which is the basis of our govern nent and which is the greatest written nstrument of govern ment extant. Shall we rest content with what our rogenitors did a century ago and de -lare to the worldl that we are a de ~eerate people? Never! We have earned more in the 'last fifty years han mankind learned in all the cen :uries that preceded ours. Inventions ave been so numerous and improve ents so vast ill that timle the whole aterialavorld is being bound around with telegraphic wires and all civiliza ions are brought in contact and con liet one with the other to such a degree :at the lower must yield to the higher >rder. Let the unceasing cry be on, 'ush, push on, and never falter. Let >ur glorious country be ever in the lead or the betterment of mankind. It has been said and repeated by way >f reproach "an IndLpendent is worse ban a Radical." Such twaddle may ave its effect on thle timid; but it nerits and meets the scorn and con :emp)t of the clean, loyal, able and jrave everywhere. What would the world be if there had been no indepen .ents, no Radicals? Independents, to ilaze out new lines of thought and Iadica.ls to tear up by the roots old systemus and inaugurate new ones. Mankind everywhere would be cursed with effete systems of government, with stagnation and death. D)uring the first three-quarters of a century of tihe life of ot.r government reat constitutionlal questions were always up fo,r solution. They were theoretical and of no practical utility. Our times are eminently practical. We have great economic questions now pressing for solution-land, transporta tionl and finance-the last in all ages has been and is now of tile greatest importance and miagnitude. A fter a calmn survey of the field, with a full knowledge of tile past and our present surroundings, what is the best s lution of the question for the better mnt of the condition of all the people? Money makes the difference between barbarism and civilization. It saves artering which without it is a necessi C , 1891. ty. It is oil upon the machinery f advancement of civilization and hut anity. In proportion to its scarcity' are in proximity to barbarisn. Various substances have been us< as money at different times and a cording to the condition of the peop] In tribal days, before - there was at regular form of government, beads at cowries were used as money. We leai from Homer that cattle themselv during the Trojan war were used money. Stanely tells us they are no used as money in darkest Africa. ] the American colonies musket balls one time were used as money at farthing each. In Maryland and Vi ginia tobacco, in the Carolinas rice, : some of the New England Coloni codfish and beaver skins were declari a legal tender for debts both pub and private. The history of mankit reveals the fact that nearly every su stance at some time or other has be( used as money. In the more advance stages gold, silver and copper ha been used as money. The Spartan government, under tl laws institutzd by Lycurgus, drew all the gold and silver and forbade the use as money, and substituted iron f them, and avarice at once perish< among that people. This substan was frequently used as money in t) Grecian cities in the heroic ages at long after. The admirable laws insl tuted by this extraordinary man pr vailed far seven centuries, and und them the Spartans, it is conceded, d veloped into the most perfect type manhood and womanhood the wor ever saw. In intellectual force at manly beauty they were never su passed if equalled by any other peop] Xenophon, who fought for and again them, tells us in the knowledge at practice of war they excelled all oth peoples. The soul proceeds from the fathe the body from the mother. The ge rous and brave beget sons brave at ood and daughters gentle and pum Sagacity, penetration, intelligence at isdom are emanations from the hea entleness, temperance, fortitude at ustice are distillations from the hea; Aristotle, the assiduous scholar lato for twenty years in Ather hose works have been the glory tudents in every age, and who is a kowledged to have been the mc rudite man of antiquity, the precept f princes, speaking of money sai The origin of money is not natur but conventional and arbitrary." Tl hnstory of -the ages demonstratedt truth of this fact. Money always has been a creation law, and will be so to the end of tirn Watever the government declares legal tender in payment of debts oney. Gold, silver and copper ha for ages been in use as money, made y law. Without the stamp of tl overnment they are commoditii [hey are too limited in quantity at too valuable in the arts to be used; oney in the present advanced conc tion of the world, and the immen ommerce and trade of nations. heaper and more convenient su stance should be used. There has not been a great war odern times but gold and sily oney went into their hiding plac nd paper substitutes were used. Th' were resorted to by the Allied Powe in their wars with Napoleon, and I the governmnentlof the United States! the late war between the States, wil perfect success. Q. E. Cairnes, profE sor of the University College of Lo: don, in-a work on Political Econom; in 1874, says: "Government paper money has ways enriched a nation when proper issued, restricted and secured. It b; ever been a success. Specie, for a d nestic currency, or as a basis for pape has been a failure without a solita> exception. Napoleon at St. Hiele: claimed that England beat him wil her spindles, but it was her pap money that kept her spindles in m tion. Specie in its stead would has given him the victory. England's e: tire disregard of specie and copio1 issue of paper money after the suspe: sion of specie payments in 1797 till 1S1 ere the most prosperous days th England- ever saw. This wise polic to which she was driven by necessit together with the bills of credit issui by the united allied powers, and whi< were not only as good, but superior gold from Kamschatka to the Rhin turned the tide of war against N poleon, and won the decisive battle Waterloo, saving- England from b oming a province of France." Thomas Jefferson, the author of tl Declaration of Independence, one the chief founders of our governme: and the idol and leader of the peopl in his works, volumes 4 and 6, says: "And so the nation may continue issue its bills as far as its wants requi nd the limits of its circulation w permit. Those limits are understo< to extend with us at present to $20( 000,00, a greater sum than would necessary for any war. But this on resource which the government cou demand with certainty, the States ha unfortuna eiy fooled away, nay, c< ruptly alienated to swindlers ar shavers, under the cover of priva banks. Say, toog as an additional ev that the disposal funds of individuals this great amoun t have thus been wit drawn from improvements and use: enterprise, and employed in the usele: usurious and demoralizing practices bank directors and their accomplica In the war of 1755 our State avail itself of this fund by issuing a pay money bottomed on a specilic tax.: its redemption., and to insure its cred bearing an interest of.5 per cent., with2 a short time not a bill of this emissi, was to be found in circulation. It iw locked up in the chests of the exec tors, guardians, widows, farmers, e We then issued bills bottomed on redeeming tax, but bearing no intere These were readily received and nes depreciated a single farthing. "Bank paper must be suppressed a: the .circulating medium must bei stored to the nation to whom it ong It -is the only fnnd on whi PR] or they can rely for loans; it is the only recourse which can n aver fail them and it is an abundant one for every necessary purpose. Treasury bills bot tomed on taxes, bearing or not bearing d interest as may be found necessary, c- thrown into circulation, will take the e. place of so much gold and silver, which last, when crowded, will find y an efflux into other countries and thus id keep the quantum of medium at its . salutary level. Let banks continue, if they please, but let them discount for cash alone as for treasury notes." s 'How does the teaching of the present W leaders of the Democratic party, who [n are ever hollering Jeffersonian doc at trines, accord with the above? These a false teachers rely for success on the in ignorance and credulity of the masses i who are without the sources of infor es mation of what Jefferson taught, and ' the time necessary for an investigation. ic The National Farmers' Alliance and id Industrial Union and the organizations with whom it has confederated stand on the financial question where Jeffer son stood. Out of 12,000,000 voters in the re United States, we had under our ban ners on the 1st of last March 4,283,000 1e voters. At the present rate of enlist in ments, by No ember, 1892, we will ir number of t whole. Is it reason or able to expect that we will abandon d our clearly defined principles, demands o and measures and support men who e have declared undying hostility to id them? Never! They rise high above all -' parties and men. The common good e- demands that they prevail. United er States legal tender notes in payment e- of- all debts both public and private o should be issued by the government in sufficient volume to meet all business id demands, and loaned direct to the r- people on real estate, properly restricted -e and secured, the maximum amount, to St any one individual not to exceed $5,000, ds and the minimum $100-the loan to be er for fifteen years at 2 per cent. per an num, the interest and one-fifteenth of r, the principal to be annually paid to the - government; the aggregate amount of id loans not to exceed $0 per capita, and e to be distributed among the States ac d cording to population-all notes to be d; numbered and when paid into the gov d ernent to be cancelled and new ones t. issued; as the population increases othe loans to be increased so as to a keep the circulaticn as near the same per capit aspsil. Such notes bot c tomed on the credit of the nation will st be better than coin, as they will be r more convenient. No one wants coin in business transactions except frac ational currency. This would be a source e of great .revenue, to the. gover:nment eand aid largely in meeting its expenses as the cost of printing notes and operat oing the sub-treasuries to loan them out e. would be small. It would be a vast a saving to the people in the high inter 15 est now paid to corporations and indi e viduals. The tarriff could be greatly Sreduced and the necessaries of life put eon a scale of reciprocity with other na s. tions, to the advantage of the public dand without detriment to the govern ment. The exception clause in the act of se 25th of February, 1862, caused the de Spreciation of the greenbacks. By that act 'they were declared a legal tender nin payment- of all debts public and npri.vate, except duties on imports and r the interest on the public debt, which from that time forward should be paid in coin. This created a specific de o mand for coin and gave its holders a 7y monopoly. There should be no ex Sception. Let there be free- and un hlimited coinage of gold and silver into "~ bars mainly to adjnst balances with foreign nations, and the coinage of ' silver and the baser metals into frac tional currency from fifty cents down - in 'sufficient volume to meet the de 7 mands of domestic use. Let the legal -tender notes be in denominations be r, ginning with ore dollar and if desi 7T rable reaching as high as $1,000 notes. aThis would put our people in a r condition and infuse into them an en - ergy they have nuver had to develop to e the full the vast resources of tihe coun is try. i-. Let there be no faltering. Let each 9, one do his best for the success of our t principles, demands and measures, and ' victory will crown our efiorts, and d peace and prosperity bless the nation. h Let there be no rest until mankind is o lifted to a higher plane than they have -ever occupied. Ltthe world see and f know by our virtuous deeds that we e- ary the worthy sons of the best who have lived befo?' us. e Respectfully, f ELLIsoN S. KErr'r. lt .___ _ _ *_ e'A New Frofessor at Furman. to [Special to the Register.] re GREEN~VILLE, S. C., June 18.-The STrustees of Furman University to-day ielectod H. P. Young, of Newv Hamp e shire to fill the chair of Latin. Pro ly fessor Young is a graduate of Brown ye University. Col. James A. Hoyt, was r- elected financial agent of the Univer d sity. to You can never know till you try; - how quickly a dose of Ayer's Pills will ul cure your sick headache. Your stomnacb 'and bowels need cleansing, and these of pills will accomplish it more effectually is and comfortably than any other medi ad cine you can find. it, Value of the Barnum Estate. n -- n BRIDGEPORT, Conn., June S, 1891 ~The appraisers appointed to inventory c. the estate of the late P. T. Barnum to a day filed their report in the Probate st. Cour. Following is the total:-Perso ernal property, $1,285,599; real estate, S2, d 993,933. Grand total, $4,279,531. The e-real estate is in this city, New York, Brooklyn, Greeley, Colorado, and Port Jefeon, L. L [CE 81.50 A YEAR THE PENITENTIARY FOR JONES. Judge Fraser Gives Hhn Credit for His Four Years in rrison. LEXINGTON, June 18.-Robert T. Jones, the slayer of the Pressleys, . was sentenced to twenty-one years imprisonment in the penitentiary. On his second trial, in 1S87 his sentence was twenty-five years. Judge Fraser said that taking the fact of his having been in continuous confinement since then he would give him credit for those four years. Court adjourned sine die and Judge Frazer left for Columbia to-day. Blonde and Negro Wedded. L From the Chicago Inter-Ocean.] JACKSONVILLE, Ill., June 12.-Many citizens are indignant to-night ev: a marriage which took place early in the evening at the residence of the Rev. Mr. Dewitt, pastor of Mount Emory Baptist Church. John H. Wright, a Chicago negro, was married to Miss Valletta Gott, whose home, according to her own story, is in Burlington, Iowa. Miss Gott is a bright, good looking young lady, fair and with pret ty blonde tresses, while Wright is as black as the ace of spades and totally illiterate. No one can guess the cause of the woman's in fatuation7or the col ored man. ~ Diptheria's Deadly Work. RALEIGH, N. C., June 18.-Mrs. T. R. Glennan, wife of Past Assistant Surgeon Glennan, United States Navy, arrived at Raleigh Thursday evening from Washington with four children. Rosa, 5 years old, had a case of diph theria and died Monday evening. Pansy, 3 years old, died of the same disease this afternoon. Kenneth is now at death's door and the remaining child has the disease. The Race Not Always to the Swift. [From the Chicago Tribune.] "This is my first regular trip on the South Side line," said the loquacious passenger to the driver of the night car. "I've been a West Sider for a year. Before that I lived on the North Side. Before that I lived in half a dozen suburbs. 'Move every May' is my motto. A man wants a change." "That's so," said the driver. "Same way with my business," con tinued the loquacious passenger. I've just'-one-into-themiea estate'ntns Before that I tried the Board of Trade. Before that I was ticket broker. Oh, I've been been most everything, a-reg ular jack-of-all-trades. 'Twon't do for a man to stay too long in a thing an'd get rusty." "That's so," said the driver. "Sometimes I'm up ; sometimes I'm down. I've had my carriage and pair, and I've tried the walking. I'm down now. But I ain't kicking. 'Variety's the spice of life,' you know." "That's so," replied the driver. "Driving must be mighty monotous. 'Tis, ain't ?" "Oh, so-so." "Any money in it ?" "But $75 a month." "Got anything laid by ?" "House and lot.'' '. "What're they worth ?" "I've been offered $7,500. - "Got a family ?" "I've. raised eight-live boys and three girls." "Been driving for the companyI "Oh, 'bout twenty-two years." Always one Day Behind. [From the St. Louis Republic.] Manila is one of the most important. . ports in the Philippine Islands, but, strange to say is one day behind all other places of its size in the world. This curious fact is accounted for in this way: Although the Philippine Islands lie near the Asiatic coast they were dis-I covered by Spaniards who sailed from America. When they crossed the magic line where Sunday suddenlyI changes into Monday, these fiery dons - of proud Castillian ancestors did not re vise their calendar. When told of this years later later; when informed that their mode of reckoning time was not up to modern notions, they only said that that was so much the worse for modern notions. Anyhow, the fact remains that these Philippine Islands keep plodding along one day behind all the rest of the world, which reckons time by new style. Stack is "Not Guilty." LEXINGTON C. H., June 18.-Tom 2 Stack, of Columbia, has been acquitted of the murder of John Hammett. The verdict of "not guilty" was rendered this morning at 9 o'clock. - THE DEADLY K.EROsENE CAN. A Lady of Greenvile County Burned to Death. [Special to. the State.] GREENVILLE, S. C., June15i.-Mrs. A. P. Bell, of Piedmont, a sister Of B. M. McGee and John McGee. -of this city, was burned to death at tier home Sunday morning. She poured kerosene on some wood to build a fire in a stove, - and after a smaii blaze had been started she poured more oil on, when the blaze went into the spout and caused the can to explode, enveloping her in fiames. She was horribly burned. SAVED.-A fine family of children were all afflicted 'with serofula. Two died early; the rest would sous have followed, but for the timely and per severing use of Ayer's Sars~aprla which built them upntoaheatk4i ~2 vigorous manhood. / ~ ~