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EST BLIHE 1863. --- - - NEWBERRY, S. C., T HUR SDAA, IJUNE 251819RCE$.0AY A THE DUTCH FORK. BY DR. (!. 1. MAY:I, Sr. NO. 6. at thy conman!, Again the crumbled halls shall-rise; Lo! as on Evan's vank we stand, The past returaz-:te present fi!e3. CALYow CAsrLE. I have come to know, in common with a few others (neccssariiy few), and such fellowship of knowledge is really very sweet,-weaning us, as it does, from attachment to the visible present and inducing us to look back, "yearning for infancy," upon the shift ing road we have travelled from child hood to old age;-I have come to kno .. I say, that much of what has long been lying almost in forgetfulness, when it once more gains access to our recollection, appears with more vivid ness and exactness than do recent things loitering in our minds. These, belonging to the last ten or fifteen years of old age, are thrust aside under the intrusion of new thoughts and actions rapidly recurring, and they drift more and more out of remembrance during the short remainder of an old man's life; but the events of long ago, after having faded during a half century into indistinctness, mysteriously return to old people, like spirits risen from graves, make their way through the throng of circumstances surrounding declining life, and hold up the claims of child hood,-i>inting to the scripture: Ex cept ye be converted, and become as little children, ye shall nor enter into the kingdom of heaven. To illustrate most beautifully this idea of retracing our way, in thought, towards the com mencement of our lives, invited by the recovered brightness of our earliest ex periences, I quote Paul Hayne's en trancing lines-the last linesofhis poem entitled, "The Valley of Anostan." Alluding to one who had thus retraced the path of his life to its beginning, the Poet writes: His soul grew fresh, dew-like and sweet again, And through his past, his golden yesterdays, He wandered bwck and back till youth, re gained, Shone in the candid radiance of his eyes, That still waxed larger, holier, crystal-clear, With resurrection of life's tenderest dawn Of child-like faith; by which illumed and warned, He walks, himself a dream within a dream, Yearning for infancy. This found at last, Gently he passes upward unto God, Not through death's portal wrapped in storm and wrath, But the fair archway of the gates of birth. genery e3 .perienced by old persons, reviewing i: freshness the scenes of early life, ma; be somewhat out of place in an un dertaking like this, nevertheless it wil enable me (an old man, myself) to prc ceed with greater confidence in th correctness of the statements I have t, present. In an old lumber house on the prem ises where I was born, and where: passe<d much of my early life, I fre quently saw and examined three decay ing, cast away implements. For mnor< than thirty years they had passed ou of my thoughts; but now, since I yiel< to the magic by which *The past returns - the present flies, their shape is so definitely brough back to my memory, that with a penci and a piece of paper T vould make a de lineation of it sufficiently accurate t< guide t.n artizan in reproducing one They were called flax-breakers, anc were used in the Dutch Fork, before the cultivation of cotton, to break int< very short fragments the stalks of th4 flax-plant, so that they could be easily separated from the rough bark afte; the process of rotting. It seems like an Almighty beneficent de.,igti, that the woody part of the fiax-plant should undergo such rapid decay throt '- heat and moisture, which the ibre- oark almost defies the laws of dt,omposi tion. More than four hundred years ago a few nights exposure to dJampness and to the heat of the sun for as many days removed the flax-stalks in a rotten pulp from a quantity of fibre which was woven into a fabric that received from the brush of Raphael the paint ing of the Transfiguration, has kept it fresh to the present day, and will last to keep it for four hundred years longer. The same can be said in regard to hun dreds of other master-pieces of painting. Strange! that a stuff of such little dura bility as cotton should ever threaten to become a substitute for linen,-cotton, the very symbol of rotten ness and de cay, while linen is the symbolic im morta.1 material for the marriage dress of the Lamb's Bride,-to be arrayed in fine linen, clean and white. * The rough mass left by the separa tion of the broken stalks from the bark, *must nowv be drawn across a hackle, to -straighten out the fibers. This hackle was made by firmly fixing thirty or -forty sharp steel points four or five inches long in a thick piece of wood ten inches square. One of these, no longer in use, lay for several years in the loft of an old out-house. I saw it frequently; and my thoughts quickly turned to it, when 1, for the fir.:-t timre, - read Burns' Address to the Toothache, --pausing at the stanza where he so cruelly writes: Adov.na my beard the slavers trickle: I throw the wee stools -er the miekie, . sround the are the .4Iets keeckle - Tosee mnelou-. WbHie raving mad, ':wish a heckle Were at their doup. I am unable to describe the various stages of. preparation through which the flax had to pass before it was ready for the distaff and the. wheel. The distaff, which I saw occasionally, fitted tightly in a socket just above the appa ratus that twisted the thread and * vound it upon the spool. '.It was made of a' three-pronged dogwood branch neeledo'f its hrk'sn s'o+e has o z;+ and as sn_ootm as ivory. The prongs were about as large as goose-quills, and ten or twelve inches long, while the stem, froii which the prongs diverged, and which fitted into the socket, was about six inches long and as thick as one's finger. The bunch of flax was attached to this simple contrivance, and the in:tiai thread was started and shaped by the fingers of the spinner. It was then brought down within reach of the twister which after twisting it sufficieptly wound it upon the spool. Two of these little spinning-wheels came down to my time, while dwelling in my boyhood's home. Twenty years before I was born, there was at least one of them in every house. I some times saw my grandmother, E. M. S., manipulate one of the two that now return to me in such a shapely reality whenever I all for them. While hold ing them in mental view, they direct my thoughts to many scenes of domes tic beauty g.thered from the writings I hwre read. Of such I mention two or three. W hat person, who has ever read the Book of Books, can behold a distafi witho.it quickly turning to the thirty-first--he last chapter of the Book of Proverbs and feeling the he.rt throb with the emotion of Honor to Woman, as he reads the following verses: 10. Who can and a virtuous woman? for her price is above rubies. 13. Sh^ eeketh wool and flax and worketh wi:lingly with Ier hands. 19. She layeth ier hand to the spindle, and her hands hold the distaff. 24. She maket'i fine linen and selleth it; and delivereth girdles unto the merchants. 25. Her childr3n arise up and call her blessed; her hu:band also, and he pruseth her What reade:, that has been startled by the fearfulness of Faust, can look at a distaff and an old-fashioned spin ning-wheel, without meeting a vision of the unhappy Margarite and hearing her pensive sorg : Meine Ruhe 1st hin, Mein herz ist schwer, Ich fincssie nimmer Und rimmermehr. In English : My pea(e is gone, My heart is sore, I find it never And n evermore. When I watched my grandmother at work with this spinning-wheel, al ready at that ime going out of use, I was impressed, young as I was, with the quietude attached to the occupa- t tion. She was seated on a low bench, and with her foot she moved treadle that communicated motiua to the n with a sewing machine. A band formed of twisted thread passed ovei the wheel and around the spindle tc I which quite a rapid movement wai given. With the thumb and fore-fin e ger of one hand she pulled down a o imall quantity of flax from the distaff, and by the aid of the other hand gave . it the form of arough roll which, caught by the twister, was quickly finished into a smooth thread and wound upon -the spool or quill. The noise produced a by the revolving twister, and the hum t ming of the wheel made up a con tinu. i ous, monotonous buzzing sound w bich, combined with the bnigover cf the body and downward gazing of the eyes, t was highly favorable for meditation. 1 Thus for hours the spinning would - continue, with nothing to interrupt it > excepting, now and then, the quill or spool would get loose on the spindle or the band would jump out of its grcove, when, as was the case with Priscila in the Courtship of Miles Standish. -the spindle Uttered an angry snarl and the thread snapped short it her fingers and my grandmother would have to pause and readjust things. Wool was spun into thread by means of the distaff and small wheel almost as easily as flax. Woolen clothes, dyed mostly black or gray, were as common in winter as fiax-en were in summer. Some of the bed coverlets were wov~en with much skill and great beauty. I have no authority to consult (just no)~ in order to ascertain the date when Co lumbia became a market-town. It was certainly a point of scarcely any impor tance, if it had any existence at all, up to the last year of the Revolutionary war. The farmers and the few m?r chants (one or two) of Dutch Fork did nearly all their trading at Granty, from an indefinite period about th-e middle of the eighteenth century, when Orangeburg and Granby were merely advanced posts for trading with the Indians, down to the beginning of the present mneteenthi century. Ti e woolen coverlets for beds had already within reach of my earliest inquiries and -recollections been, through the barter of tobacco, aided by supplemien tary blankets procured from Granby and more and more freqiucntly from Charleston. The luxuries of sugar and coffee came into Dutch Fork con tem.. poraneously with myself. Seventy years ago I was regaled with my first sip of coffee, and I have now, in 1891, a li'ely remembrance of the fact that this decoction, now-a-days so black in its strength, was, in 1821, so pale in its feeboleness, that it could not bear the admixture of milk. Rice was another luxury; as was likewise a kind of sweet wine, called Malaga. It was that wine so bountifully used dIuring the first third of this century a t wedding feasts, for preparing the Sangarce with which the jolly Germans on 'these occasions washed down through their throats the many spoonfuls ofrice-pudding. The cotton cards, by which the lint separated from the seed was prepared into rolls to be spun into thbread, m.ust have been invented since the introduc tion of Whitney's gin, and previotfsly to that of the large spinning-wheel. Certain it is, the women of the Dutch Forkat their first acquaintance with the lint of cotton spnun it into thradr1 on the little wheel moved by tiu treadle. The cotton-map could not b< fixed on the distaff and be drawn dowr by the fingers to the twisting flyers, a was done with theflax and wool; so il was first fashioned into rolis by soi( instrument similar to the cotton cards. Of course,this was of short continuance. The patience developed by these little buzzing wheels in preparing yarn for the clumsy, ancient loom was too tar dy for the production of any texture but such as was expected to do good service for at least a quarter of a centu ry, as in the instance of flax. A ma terial so light and of such short contin uance as cotton,-so easily made into cloth,-required contrivances of greater speed for that purpose, than those known to our Dutch Fork ancestors, so averse to changes and progress. Moreover, as the days drew on when the desire for "changeable suits of ap parel" was to outstrip all handiwork, and the gent!c sex to require often times as much as eighteen yards of stuff for one dress, with a trailing "su perfluity of naughtiness" at least a yard long, the 'distaff and the little spinning-wheel were forced to retire gradually into a Sabbatic rest; and the fingers to call for the help of the steam power. Multiplicity must ever be at the expense of durability. Desire can be strained beyond gratification. Nei ther the strength of steam nor the rapidity of electricity shall ever be able to satisfy the imaginations of men's hearts, rushing on from "vanity of vanities" to "vexations of spirit." The time is, therefore, on the way when mankind reeling under satiety shall turn towards the "Valley of Anostan" to seek for the simplicity of former times. Then the distaff and the little buzzing wheel, coming forth from their Sabbath of rest, will greet the children of repentance with a louder and yet more melodious hum while spinning the thread for the fine white linen in which the millenial people are to be robed. I had many conversations with per 5f)s remembering when cotton first tame into the Dutch Fork. It was in :roduced so gradually that no one ould fix a precise date. It certainly vas not before 1793, when the cotton ,in was patented, nor after 1818, when was-born. The cultivation of this xnticing plant was at first experimen al; and only farmers possessed of su >erabundant land and labor-force ven ured to try it. The fields selected for his new kind of tillage were so small 'tathieey ere 6al1ea iPu'dT i;steL cotton-patches to this day, when tl: acreage is small. For several years n more was planted than sufficient fc clothing. At first the seed were sept rated from the lint by the fingers, as have already stated. The cotton s picked from the bolls was heape in the largest room of the hous( and as remote from the fire-plac as possible, to avoid conflagratior For further security, woolen coverlet were spread over the heap to protecti from the sparks that might be prc jected from the fire, on winter nights The young folks of the nearest neigh hors now, after early supper, usuall: assembled together from farm-honse t< farm-house to engage in the pleasan occupation of picking with thei fingers the lint of the cotton from the seed. I have been informed that th< fun began in this sort of a way: A young woman of satisfactory beaut3 leaves the brightness of the blazing fire, kindled in September more fo. light than for warmth, goes to thi cotton-heap, and fills her apron witi the sniowy locks. She then steals away it toa quiet corner ostensibly in the desire to be alone, and not to be bothered by any intermeddler of the opposite sex tc the interruption of the neigh borly kindness which she came over there tc exercise. One can almost hear her say so, as she casts an angry, forbidding glance at a hard-headed looking fellow who at presept seems disinclined foi any work, at all. Nov., look at the fellow. The young womain has scarcely composed herself comfortably, when he of the hard-head approaches her and, notwithstanding her gestures of disap probation, squats himself with a bump down on the floor before her,-falling on his knees. Meanwhile, illustrating the contagiousness of example, the whole company become divided ofi into couples, and an unintelligible, murmuring whisper floats through the room, till the clock strikes twelve, when they all leave for their respective homes. So it wvent the rounds from house to house. It is said t bat Whitney's patent was much encroached upon throughout the cotton-growing States. There is no doubt o)f the fact, that some persons in the Dutch Fork, perceiving the need for a mnore expeditious way of separat ing the cotton seed and lint than by the fingers, made small machines that were put in motion by the hand. They must have been in fri ngemnents of Whit ney's patent, in as much as they con sisted of circular saws moving between iron or steel bars. They answered the requniremien t so well, that the Dutch Fork farmers began to cultivate cotton for market. The first right for making Whitney's gin in that part of the country was obtained by my old friend, David Mifler, who had his hand badly cut up by pushing his enterprise. The progress of cotton culture from 130) down to this date is well known ad belongs to "the present. ' I con lude this number with some account f the large spinning "wheel, one of hich was exhibited at the Atlanta Eposition six or eight years ago, as n implement belonging to the part. t needs no particular description from me, as there are hundreds of them to e found in the Dutch Fork, at this day. Some of my most delightful re mimiscences are connected with the modern spinning-wheel. My m-)the reappears in living shape and feature as I recall her spilnning-wheel. I can see her walking to and fro before the spindle giving to the wheel a revolution of such rapidity, that, for a nonient, nothing could be seen but the hub and the rim. I have seen with boyish ad miration many a young wornan en gaged at this kind of work. No other occupation displays the God-given graces of woman so admirably as when she walks over a sanded floor, with her waist untrammeled by the accursed corset, and her teeth gleaming through noble smiles-her spinning-wheel all the while with whizzing acclamation testifying to her strength and willing ness to labor for the comfort of her home. In my next number, I shall mention some facts connected with the super stitions of the Dutch Fork. DRt. MIcBR1DE'S FAREWELL. His Tribute to Haskeil Applauded-Pro fes.or Davis Warmly Praiseel-The Sad Good-Rye-Token of AI.ection. [Greenville Daily News.]. COLUMBIA, June 17.-The com mencement exercises of the State Uni versity to-day were marked by several interesting incidents. In the delivery of the diplomas to the thirty-one grad uates President McBryde, whose con nection with the institution ceases to day, made a farewell address. In re ferring to the notable graduates of the college he spoke of "That flower of Chivalry, Alexander C. Haskell." The significance of these words, however, unintentional it may have been, was quickly read by the audience, espec ially from the fact that Governor Till man was seated on the stand, and great applause followed. Doctor McBryde paid a high tribute to Professor R. Means Davis, referring to him as "an educator in his chosen field the peer of any in the South." The speaker's reference to his parting with old friends and severance of his connection with an institution that he had hoped never to leave brought tears to many eyes. Dr. McBryde was presented with two silver services, one by the students and one by the Alumni association. Harsh, But .'? "Ho," said a well-known statesman, "I shall never believe that woman has balo, r ntr reinpo i cs, w e s e is so weak-minded as to passively suffer o year after year, from disease peculia: to females, when every newspaper she picks up, tells of the merits of Dr ~ Pierce's Favorite Prescription. Not t< I take advantage of this remedy is cer ,s tainly an indication of mental weak d ness!" There is a wholesale kernel of truth inside the rough shell of thiQ ungallani e speech. The "Favorite Prescription" i; .invaluable in all uterine troubles, in a flammations, ulcerations, displace ments, nervous disorders, prostration, texhaustions, or hysteria. For run down, worn-out women, no more strengthening tonic or nervine is -known. WHITEs GIVE WAY TO BLACKs. An Entirely New Deal for Biddle Univer r sity at Charlotte. [Special to Greenville Daily News.) CHIARLOTTE, N. C., June 17.-The board of missions at Pittsburg, Pa., which furnishes means for carrying on Biddle university, colored, in this city has asked the resignation of President Johnson and two of the professors in order to put negroes in their places, Sanpers, of Wilmington, as President, Grunke, of Washington, and Brooks as Professors. The board of trustees, in which are several prominent citizens of Char lotte, has decided to endorse this action of the Pittsburg board. A meeting of the trustees from Pitts burg and the trustees of this place was held here to-day.. The southerners entered an earnest protest against the election of a negro president as the college has always been under the rule of white men, but the Pittsburg board out voted the southern board and the negro was elected. The white professors immediately re signed as did also the gentlemen com posing the southern board of trustees. The Best Life Policy. It's uot the Tontine plan, or Endow ment plan, or Ten years' renewable plan. It's not adding you few dollars to the hundreds of millions that the in surance companies boast of. It's a better investment than any of those. It is investing a few dollars i. that Stan dard Remedy, the " rdden Medical Discovery,"' a cure fe? Consumption, in its early stages, and all throat and lung troubles. BIG PHIOsPHATE DEAL. London Brokers Buy a Lar;ge Awnounit of Fioxda Phosphiate Land. JACKSONVILLE, Fla., June IS.-An Ocala special to the Times-Union says: James A Harris and Albertus Vogte have sold to a syndicate 4,900 acres of phosphate land ini Marion, Levy, Citrus, Hernando and Polk Counties for $570,000 cash, they retainir'e in the same fifty-one one-hundreuthjs in ter-est in order to control it. Judge C. G. Butt, Gordon R. Rodgers and Pres ident Gilbert of Orlando, negotiated the deal and the Packards, the big phosphate brokers of London and Brooklyn, are interested. A compar was immediately organized for mmiiag. James A.. Harris is president andl bertus Vogte general manag/The company's xname is the "Crown and Crescent." The transaction is the talk of the street and has created a pro found st.ir in phosphate circles. ALOUT MONEY. t, a It AiwayK H~as been a Creation of Law a and Will be to the End of Time--A a Plan for Paper Money Made Legal Tender by the Government. a To the Editor of the Herald and News: e The misfortuues and disasters in life I are the results of mistakes. The obstruc- rt tions in the pathway to the advance- Cc ment of civilization and humanity pro- fr ceed from the ignorant and selfish. d It has taken all the past to make up , the present. We should be mindful of u the past, that we may avoid the mis- tl takes of those who have gone before o us; careful of the present, that we may f attain the highest standard of truth and gi excellence; and solicitous of the future, sc that what we achieve may be a legacy cc rich with fruit for those who come after a us. ar Every calling in life can be reduced re to an exact science. Even war, styled st "the. science of barbarism," has been us demonstrated in the present century st by Germany's peerless commander be Von Moltke to be a great science. He was theperfect master in detail, not only Ia of everything touching war, but before al he issued a single order to mobilize his us grand army in the Franco-Prussian th war, he knew through his engineers at every knoll in the topography of wr France over which his army had to Gr pass. Every battalion in that vast 101 army of two millions of men was moved tu with unerring precision. Before its va march fortress after fortress fell, not by th slaughter, but by maneuvers. Even ve the Great Metz, with 150,000 French m soldiers, surrendered unconditionally, ev almost without firing a gun. On and ma on moved this mighty host until Paris, pa the proud capital of Imperial France, Xe lay prostrate at the feet of the great th< commander. It was reserved for the pra godlike Von Moltke, in the nineteenth pec century, to demonstrate that war is I not butchery, but is a great science. the Government is a still greater science ero than war. The victories of peace are goc :ts much more glorious than the vic. Sat tories of war as the prosperity and wis happiness of a people are more joyous ger than their desolation and death. The jus statesman is as much superior to the A military commander as the blessings of Pi ivil government are superior to the wh igors of military rule. stu The people who put their public knc tf'airs into the hands of untutored eru )arbarians, who never fail for self and of >]ace to sell out God and country, may "TI ii -certainty expect the most dire but calamittes to befall them. The law of congeniality is the law of attraction. Attraction is the law through which the communicating power is made. - In the earliest age of mankind the clean made themselves as congenial as possible to the first cause, and, imbibing truth from that perfect intelligence, evolved principles and founded sys tems of government. Minas of Crete, Trheseus, Lycurgus, Solon, Socrates, Plato and Aristotle were the foremost pioneers in this great work. Their teachings have survived the shocks and C wrecks of time and change and have C come down through the ages to us, and will live to the last syllable of time. The principles taught and the sytsems r of government founded by these god- r like minds, and the principles and5 systems that have flowed from them as mankind traveled down the ages, were well understood by the framers of ourt system of governments. They gathered t together what they conceived to be the ~ 5 best and best suited to the times and d their condition and formulated and embodied them into a written constitu tion, which is the basis of our govern ment and which is the greatest written i instrument of goveTnment extant. e Shall we rest content with what our 'n progenitors did a century ago and de h clare to the world that we are a de- ~ generate people? Never! We have b learned~ more in the last fifty years 9 than mankind learned in all the cen- t turies that p)receded ours. Inventions Ei have been so numerous and improve- is ments so vast in that time the whole si material world is being bound around with telegraphic wires and all civiliza- tt tions are brought in contact and con- tc fiict one with the other to such a degree b; that the lower must yield to the higher order. Let the unceasing cry be on, tL push, push on, and never falter. Let p< our glorious country be ever in the lead ' for the betterment of mankind.c It has been said and repeated by way of reproach "an Independent is worse D than a Rladical." Such twaddle may tL: have its effect on the timid; but it at merits and meets the scorn and con- in tempt of the clean, loyal, able and brave everywhere. What would the is at dents, no Radicals? Independents, to to blaze out new linies of thought and 00 Radicals to tear up by the roots old nC systems and inaugurate new ones. Mankind everywhere wvould be cursed ut with effete systems of government, ru with stagn.ation and death. sh During the first three-quarters of a b century of the life of our government th great constitutional questions were dr always up for solution. They were en theoretical and of no practical utility. . Our times are eminently p)ractical. We- In have great economic questions now its pressing for solution--land, transporta- m tion and finance-the last in all ages b has been and is now of the greatest a importance and magnitude. w - After a calm survey of the field, wixth lo( a full knowledge of the past and our w present surroundings, what is the best rel s lution of the question for the better- Ti ment of the condition of alx the people? de, Money makes the difference between th, barbarism and civilization. It saves stc bartering which without it is a necessi- lox c. It is oil upon the machinery f< dvancement of civilization and hun nity. In proportion t) its scarcity v re in proximity to bar'arisn. Various substances have been use s money at different times and a rding to the condition of the peopi a tribal days, before there was an gular form of governnient, beads an )wries were used as money. We lear om Homer that cattle themselve uring the Trojan war were used a :oney. Stanely tells us they are nov ;ed as money in darkest Africa. Ii ie American colonies rusket balls a se time were used as money at . rthing each. In Maryiand and Vir nia tobacco, in the Carolinas rice, ii me of the New England Colonie dfish and beaver skins were decla: legal tender for debts Leth publi id private. The history of ruankin< veals the fact that nearly every sub ince at some time or other has beer ed as money. In the more advance< iges gold, silver and copper havi en used as money. The Spartan governmer.t, under th< vs instituted by Lycu-gus, drew in the gold and silver and forbade their e as money, and substituted iron for em, and avarice at o.ice perishec iong that people. Th s substance LS frequently used as money in the ecian cities in the heroic ages and g after. The admirable laws insti :ed by this extraordinary man pre iled far seven centuries. and under m the Spartans, it is conceded, de oped into the most pei fect type of mhood and wonanhooc the worh: ?r saw. In intellectual force and Luly beauty they were nevar sur ;sed if equalled by any other people. nophon, who fought for and against m, tells us in the knowledge and ctice of war they excelled all other ples. 'he soul proceeds from the father, body from the mother. The gen us and brave beget sons brave and d and daughters gentle and pure. acity, penetration, intell::gence and dom are emanati^^s from the head; ileness, temperance, fortitude and :ice are distillations from the heart. ,ristotle, the assiduous scholar of to for twenty years in Athens, ose works have been the glory of lents in every age, and who is ac >wledged to have been the most lite man of antiquity, the preceptor princes, speaking of money said: ie origin of money is not natural conventional and arbitrary." The Z:story of t-e age uebi1ttes the ruth of this fact. Money always has been a creation aw, and will be so to the end of tin Whatever the government declares egal tender in payment of debts noney. Gold, silver and c)pper ha or ages been in use as money, made y law. Without the stamp of tl overnment they are conmoditie Lhey are too limited in quantity ax 00 valuable in the arts to be used noney .in the present advanced coni ion of the world, and the immen ommerce and trade of nations. heaper and more convenient su tance should be used. There has not been a great war aodern times but gold and silv, aoney went into their hiding plac nd paper substitutes were used. ThE iere resorted to by the Allied Powe i their wars with Napoleon, and I de government!of the United Statesi de late war between the States, wit erfect success. Q. E. Cairnes, profe >r of the University College of Loi on, in a wvork on Political Econom;: 1 1874, says: "Government paper money has a -ays enriched a nation when proper! sued, restricted and secured. It ba ver been a success. Specie, for a d( testic currency, or as a basis for papel as been a failure without a solitar cception. Napoleon at St. Helen aimed that England beat him wit er spindles, but it was her pape oney that kept her spindles in mc on. Specie in its stead would hav yen him the victory. Englaid's er re disregard of specie and copiou sue of paper money after the suspen on pf specie payments in 1797 till18iSl ere the most piosperous days tha ngland ever saw. This wise policy which she was driven by ne::essity gether with the bills of credit issue< Sthe united allied powers, and whici ere not only as good, but superior tV >Id from Kamschatka to the Rhine rued the tide of war against Na >leon, and won the decisive battle o 'aterloo, saving England from be ming a province of France." Thomas Jefferson, the author of thi aclaration of Independence, >ne oe e chief founders of our governmen .d the idol and leader of the people his works, volumes 4 and 8, says: "And so the nation may co..tiniue t< ue its bills as far as its wants requirE d the limits of its circulatiorn wil rmit. Those limits are understooc extend with us at present to :s200,. ),000, a greater sum than wou:d be cessary for any war. But this only :ource which the government could mand with certainty, the States have fortunately fooled away, nay, cor* ptly alienated to swindlers and avers, under the cover of private nks. Say, too, as an additional evil, at the disposal funds of individuals tc is great amount have thus been with awn from improvements and usefu] ter prise, and employed in the useless, urious and demoralizing practices ol nkt directors and their accomplices. the war of 17.55 our State availed elf of this fund by issuing a papex ney bottomed on a specific tax for redemption, and to insure its credit, aring an interest of 5 per cent., within hort time not a bill of this emission i to be found in circulation. It was ked up in the chests of the execu ~s, guardians, widows, farmers, etc. e then issued bills bottomed on a leeming tax, but bearing no interest. "se were readily received and ne'rer preciated a single farthing. 'Bank paper must be suppressed anad Scirculating medium must be re red to the nation to whom it be gs. TIt is the only fund on which r they can rely for loans; it is the only . recourse which can never fail them and it is an abundant one for every necessary purpose. Treasury bills bot tomed on taxes, bearing or not bearing d interest as may be found necessary, thrown into circulation, will take the place of so much gold and silver, which last, when crowded, will find V an efflux into other countries and thus d keep the quantum of medium at its n salutary level. Let banks continue, if they please, but let them disco')nt for s cash alone as for treasury notes." S How does the teaching of the present leaders of the Democratic party, who 2 are ever hollering Jeffersonian doc t trines, accord with the above? These i false teachers rely for success on the - ignorance and credulity of the masses who are without the sources of infor matior of what Jefferson taught, and the time necessary for an investigation. The National Farmers' Alliance and Industrial Union and the organizations with whom it has confederated stand on the financial question where Jeffer son stood. Out of 12,000,000 voters in the United States, we had under our ban ners on the 1st of last March 4,283,000 voters. At the present rate of enlist ments, by November, 1892, we will number i of the whole. Is it reason able to expect that we will abandon our clearly defined principles, demands and measures and support men who have declared undying hostility to them? Never! They rise high above all. parties and mcn. The mon good demands that they prevail. United States legal tend:r notes in payment of all debts both public and private should be issued by the government in suificient volume to meet all business demands, and loaned direct to the. people on real estate, properly restricted and secured, the maximum amount, to any one individual not to exceed $5,000, and the minimum $100-the loan to be for fifteen years at 2 per cent. per an num, the interest and one-fifteenth of the principal to be annually paid to the government; the aggregate amount of loans not to exoeed $60 per capita, and to be distributed among the States ac cording to population-all notes to be numbered and when paid into the gov ernment to be cancelled and new ones issued; as the population increases the loans to be increased so as to keep the circulation as near the same per capita as possible. Such notes bot tomed on the credit of the nation will be better than coin, as they will be more convenient. No one wants coin in business transactions except frac tional currency. This would be a source t of great revenue to the government a nd aid largely in meeting its expense Of as the cost of printing notes and operat of ing the sub-treasuries to loan them out e. would be small. It would be a vast i saving to the people in the high inter e est now paid to corporations and indi so viduals. The tarriff could be greatly 1e reduced and the necessaries of life put on a scale of reciprocity with other na tions, to the advantage of the public and without detriment to the govern ment. The exception clause in the act of e25th of February, 1862, caused the de preciation of the greenbacks. By that act they w'ere declared a legal tender nin*payment of all debts public and private, except duties on imports and the interest on the public debt, which from that time.forward should be paid ~in coin. This created a specific de mand for coin and gave its holders a monopoly. Thiere should be no ex Sception. Let there be free and un limited coinage of gold 'and silver into bars mainly to adjnst balances with *foreign nations, and tbe coinage of 'silver and the baser metals .into frac tional currency from fifty cents down in sufficient volume to meet the de Imands of domestic use. Let the legal ,tender notes be in denominations be ,ginning with one dollar and if desi V rable reaching as high as $1,000 notes. This would put our people in a r condition and infuse into them an en - ergy they have never had to develop to e the full the vast resources of the coun s try. - Let there be no- faltering. Let each ,one do his best for the success of our principles, demands and measures, and victory will crown our efforts, and peace and prosperity bless the nation. Let there be no rest until mankind is lifted to a higher plane than they have ever occupied. Let the worid see and know by our virtuous deeds that we ary the worthy sons of the best who have lived before us. Respectfully, ELLIsoN S. KEITT. A New Professor at Furman. [Special to the Register.] GREENVILLE, S. C., June 18.-The Trustees of Furman* University to-day electod H. P. Young, of New Hamp z'aire to fill the chair of Latin. Pro fessor Young is a graduate of Brown University. Col. James A. Hoyt. was elected financial agent of the Univer sity. You can never know till you try; how quickly a dose of Ayer's Pills will cure your sick headache. Your stomach and bowels need cleansing, and these pills will accomplish it more effectually and comfortably than any other medi cine you can find. Value of the Barnum Estate. BRIDGEPORT, Conn., June 8, 1891. The appraisers appointed to inventory the estate of the late P. T. Barnum to day filed their report in the Probate Court. Following is the total:-Perso nal property, $1,2.5,.599; real estate, $2, 993,933. Grand total, $4,2'79,.531. The' real estate is in this city, New York, IBrooklyn, Greeley, Colorado, and Port Jefferson. L. L THE PENITENTIARY FOR JONES. Ju..ge Fraser Gives Himn Credit for His Four Years in Prison. LEXINGTON, June IS.-Robert T. Jones, the slayer of the Pressleys, was sentenced to twenty-one years imprisonment in the penitentiary. On his second trial in 187 his sentence - was twenty-five years. Judge Fraser said that taking the fact of his having been in continuous confinement since then he would give him credit for those four years. Court adjourned sine die and Judge Frazer left for Columbia to-day. Blonde and Negro Wedded. L From the Chicago Inter-Ocean.] JACKSoNVILLE, Ill., June 12.-Many citizens are indignant to-night over-a marriage which took place early in the evening at the residence of the Rev. Mr. Dewitt, pastor of Mount Emory Baptist Church. John H. Wright, a C':icago negro, was married to Miss Valletta Gott, whose home, according to her own story, is in Burlington, Iowa. Miss Gott is a bright, good looking young lady, fair and with pret ty blonde tresses, while Wright is as black as the 'ce of spades and totally illiterate, No one can guess the cause of ihe woman's infatuation for the col ored man. Diptheria's Deadly Work. RALEIGH, N. C., June 18.-Mrs. T. R. Glennan, wife of Past Assistant Surgeon Glennan, United States Navy, arrived at Raleigh Thursday evening from Washington with four children. Rosa, 5 years old, had a case of diph theria and died Monday evening. Pansy, 3-years old, died of the same lisease this afternoon. Kenneth is now at death's door and the remaining hild has the disease. The Race Not Always to the Swift. [From the Chicago Tribune.] "This is my first regular trip on the South Side line," said the loquacious assenger to the driver of the night ar. "I've been a West Sider for a rear. Before that I lived on the North side. Before that . lived in half a lozen suburbs. 'Mwe every May' is ny motto. A man wants a change." "That's so," said the driver. "Same way with my business," con - inued the loquacious. passenger. -P've' ust gone into the real estate_ usiess, Before that I tried the Board ofTrd Before that I was ticket broker. Oh, I've been been mos' everything, a reg ular jack-of-all-trades. 'Twon't do for a man to stay too long in a thing and get rusty." "That's so," said the driver. "Sometimes I'm up ; sometimes I'm down. I've had my carriage and pair, and I've tried the walking. I'm down -. now. But I ain't kicking. 'Variety's the spice of life,' you know." "That's so," replied the driver. "Driving must be mighty monotous. 'Tie, ain't ?" "Oh, so-so."~ " Any money in it?" "Bnt $75.a month." "Got anything laid by ?" "House and lot." "What're they worth ?". "I've been offered $7,500. "Got a family ?" "I've raised eight-five boys and three girls." "Been driving for the company long?" "Oh, 'bout twenty-two years." Always one Day Behind. [From the St. Louis Republic.] Manila is one of the most important ports in the Philippine Islands, but strange to say is one day behind all other places of its size in the world. This curious fact is accounted for in this way: Although the Philippine Islands lie near the Asiatic coast they were dis covered by Spaniards who sailed from America. When they crossed the magic line where Sunday suddenly changes into Monday, these fiery dons of proud Castillian ancestors did not re vu~e their calendar. When told of this years later later; when informed that their mode of reckoning time was not up to modern notions, they only said that that was so much the worse for modern notions. Anyhow, -the fact remains that th:ese Philippine Islands keep ploddiog along one day behind all the rest of the world, which reckons time by new style. Stack is "Not Guilty." LEXINGTON C. H., June 18.--Tom Stack, of Columbia, has been acquitted of the murder of John Hammett. The verdict of "not guilty" was rendered_ this morning atO9o'clock. THE DEADLY KEEOSENE CAN. A Lady of Greenville Counity Burned to Death. [Special to the State.] GREENVILLE, S.-C., June 1.5.-Mrs. A. P. Bell, of Piedmont, a sister of B. M. Mc~Gee and John McGee, of this city, was burned to dleath at her home S.mnday morning. She poured kerosene - on some wood to build a fir a stove, and after a small blazestre she pou-red more oil on, w e blaze went into the spout and he can to explode, enveloping he mes. She was horribly burned. SAVED.-A fine family -of-idre -n were all afflicted with scrofdilg.T died early; the rest would sood h~pe followed, but for the timely anid severing use of Ayer's E3ar wvhich built them upintoa heal vigorous manhood. -