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- XLAURENS. SOUTH CAROLINA, WEDNESI)YAV, DECEMBER 31, 1919 EVENTS CF 1919 PASSED IN REVIEW World Found Great Difficulty in Returning From War to Peace Conditions. MAKING THE GERMAN TREATY Europe In State of Ferment, Whilo tdie United States Was Struggling With Grave Industrial and Eco nomic Problems. By DONALD F. BIGGS. After nearly five years of frightful warfare, in which all of the great pow iera 1an1d many of the smaller nations had been involved. the worli found it diflicult to return to anything like nor tllni1 condions during the year 1919. Wbl!e the armistile which was signed In the closing weeks of 1918 brought a cessatIon of hostilities between the two groups of nations that had been engaged In the great struggle, it did not bring peace to nll the peoples In volved. Techncally the world still was at war throughout practically all ft the yonr just closed Itas the peace treaty which was framed in ParIs after months of negotiation could not he made fully effective until ratIlIed by the great powers and formally pro mnulgated by the peace conference. iailure of the United States senate to ratify the treaty, because of opposition to the covenant of the League of Ni tics. which was made it part of the peace treaty, prevented the formal deelaration of peace until more than a year after the armistice was signed. Internal dIsorders and territorial disputes arising from the establish ment of many new nations kept a large part of Eiurope in turmoil. Such a complete reini ing of the map of Nrope as restulte( from the grent war naturally coul not he liecomttiplisied without frietion. The great empire of Ast rI-Irinitgary had fallen 1 o pIeces with the dIfeat of the central powers and out of the wreektge new states arose. These new nations--Au strin, Hungary, Poland and the Czech and .tgoshiv staIes-could not establish their new, hounnri es witIout friction :imong theinsolves and with their neighbors. The new government of (termany. whih hind been transformIed into a re4 imbhi Ic. wit st;Ivin to t main Inin Ilslf Agn:hirist the nitlinks of radi (Ma1 el0rnts. Russlia was torit by 'Ivfl s- rife, with halIf a dozei groups fighting for tlie mastery. At times *orld pec seeie still far off. but ns we yeir paissedil condiltions beenmte mnore setIled 11nd It seimlell prolhihie that with the formal promulgation of the enc t reaty th0 chaos 1i10 whleh iurope hlind been thrown would pass. In) the I ,:tited States conditions were iot so unsettIled as it he nation- that had ien tIon !or ,erngaged inI the war. but hero. is In Rui rope, the transition from a wiir to n pence hasl was not enasry. New Indtustrial problems had been eredti. Th-e h gh cost of livin 2reiednhor to taike insistent and re pented deranditis for higher wages andl resulted lit nutmroroois strikoas aimion4 Hll elasses of workers. Ia i n lend irs too~k adivaniige of the utnrest that exlstedl to recruIt theIr forces amra tlthey beenmte so a tive thatI the enn artltnted authtorities of the iiatlrn fInnily found It niecessn ry to inkei de termirteid steps to suppress isloyatl The Making of Peace. 'The first steps toward the orgai ation of the peace congress were thken ottninury 12 when the su premne watr counrcil. tmembhers (if whilth were P'rieshlent Wilson and1( Recret ariy Yamsinug of Ithe Un it ed 81Sttes, andl thle pwrtmiers anual foreign riniisters of GireaInt frit. tFrnnee andi hitaly, to gether wvIth Mu r'hnI Fochi ntal mill nary representt ives of the seveiralI power's. btegani i ntaI contslidertion of the terirs of peacee to he imiposed upon01 tbe central powers. TPhe pen(e con. wress Itself. wvithtout dlelegies fromt the diefeatied powers or Ihuss-la tiet it the miistry of foreign atftalrs it T'tris on ,innuary 18. PresIdent WVil son proposedi Premier Clemienceatu for permanenit 'hnliman of the confer mnce andi the dlelegnites electedl him bty imanimrouts vote. It was determined at the beginning that only thei five great belliger'nt Itowers. the Urnitedl St ates, r-etf firitIin. Prnne. Italy inil ,itntant shouhld take' part In all meetings of the conference nnd comeontu.uor to he ap pointed ;that other helligerent and ats soclited powers shouldl patrtleipnto only in letinigs at which qutestlions eoneerninig thiem were to lbe disctusseid. As thi' relpresentiitives of thei maity helligeren:t liitions ent ered upon the tusk of biriging teince to the wvorid 1Ctrope uns In turmoil. P'olati wast beingr renrstIt uteri ad the fixsing of her boaundti cis guive rIse to ntumy con trover.-len bat wietn thte [Poh's andti sur roundikng ineoples.' Th'le n'stlon of a Leagu(e of Nations should b ated is a invatus ofr preventii "fit i.! warlis was one of the fir: to be n ip by thle peace conf erenie'e. ()I _" 1 N. y 25 thIIe I onfren e form.)I IvX ' vi o favor of the ("Onlishi1(n'ten el tn(i f Nat11onls. nld :1 voml t::: b ranl,, w ail s 1 I lt Ied tI ire l'"re &fulle pla . The -~nguel fi Nsiti.--. r ontission held Its first meei in:: - .. :'hrtanry :1 wilid o hrtutry 1-4 I , obr- Wilson Vend aund etillit to jt ine c Ionference t drift of ti, Cttbs2t n I' for Ot Letigue of Nations The : a ro'''le for iii executive . I-: h1 iu uom sed of relreseita-! I :--.s er n'n : un o nild for tn finter !!Ition: I seretatrial. It was proiVlin(eI :ho t dr e!< ti. of thI ex(I.tive o l l shoilblI bI ID ot'eed -f neYnr, by "rh prewnioi of all finaniiclai. Comn miwei' fir per.;snal inerourse" he tweert-v thw nationl falilintg to) ahidlo by ite !e 'eion and aIl other iiviiemheir 1ta4 tes of the 1I.ngtie of, Natiouns. On the %amli daly thait hie presented this plain to the peace confecreiice Pres blent Wilson sailedl for the Uilled Stai I(to attend tle closing seps' Iol f coil:.:rss ft Wiishingtonl. O)pposl ti on to t hre I ncorplora tioi of the Leogue of Nations cove-inaIIIt iiI tI pinie treaity already hld developed in this courtry, unti President Wilson, upon his return, delivered tn adiere6s at Bjoston In which lie emphasized the nece;lty of the United States taking a lending part In the organization of the League of Nations. Meantime the peace conference was endeavoring to reach a solution of several other vexing problems. A bit ter dispute had arIsen between Italy and the new Jugo-Slav state as to the possession of the eastern coast of the Adriatic. The Italians demanded pos session of the city of Fliume on the ground that its population was largely Italian, while the Jugo-Slavs main tIlned that possession of this port waq esseItiatl if their newly organized na tion was to have access to the sea. The Japinllese delegates also gave an early indiention of their attitude by insisting upon Jlpan's right to re tain the Marshall aind Caroline islands, which she had taken from Germany. President Wilson returned to Paris after spending little more than a week In the UnIted States. Witli his arrival In France oil Mareh 1.1 the peace con ference began considterat ion of recoin tiatiil I los by variotus comilittees. id tlin' Inonec tetIy Iegin to take definite shmpe. On Iti lich 21 the conIell of ten whclh il Ieii consideritiz tii, chIef problelms before. the pien'e conie ee vias replhtei by a coiniell of four. eoni aisting of IIo'sidenut Wilson 11ne(l Pre miers Iloyd G(eorge. Clonenemuii iiand 011:111do. irom thit ti p to the nelultil sigilng thi l peace treaty all of thel prob114lets arising were dlisposed of' by Itiils counell of four. iII which. at tlmes. the premier of Jalpan iilso partlielpated. The revised covenant of the Legue of Nations was ireseited at it PIlenlary session of the piWeet (n11f'erlletc oil April 28. Preident Wilsoi. It, (air man of the coitission whiclh framd fthe ('lveliia, I.exp0Ilaied (thle (chi anges tIIaI hd been itde. tustly as ii result of crileIlsm inI the Utilted SIales. (One of the t'ost importnit of thel iiidi mlentix Inlade was t haIt prov lidlnu lint the eonvenaillit sholId not affect 'Xisting itiidtrstaidinigs f oif rl, m Int iininIt:i awlice. WhliIle' it was1 riot so sltt ed peeliientty, this nmifenthuent wa ditesignied toi pre-l ven It the Ima:guie of Nittionis 'ovenani~lt from lnt erfering with Ithei Mon roe doe trine. Tlhe revised covenant was ndoptedl by'114 the unaimous11 vote of1 the tpeace con fe'rence ''. Oni AprIl 30) thle conniell of four. wiich by t hIs tIime hod beeni redthiteed to a councll of three by the with dlrawnl of' ther Itallans, agreed to transfe" to Janpani the Gertian posses aion of Klauii-('haui. The C'hilnese dele gation objectedl streitously to this set hlemient, althbough .Iipatn iigreed ulIh malftely to restore the territory to China. On May (1 the cotuncit deter mined( that (Great B1rlia auniid her colo nites nndl(011 do lnons should become randatory for the Isltands north of the equator, 11y May 8 the trenty had flinnity been comrpleted( andl on lihit date tt w"as piresented to the Glermatn plenilpotetn tinries ot Versallies. 'i' pact. wblie imepresente'd chiefly the deliberations of thle connel of four, had beenu iadott ed by ni conf 1erence in whieh 27 nilled ind associated powers were re'presenlt ed. At the sa me I time it was uit niIoncedl thaiit Presient WViI won 11n1 P'rermier Lioyd Gieorge' had nielztiatl trenatles with triince provtino' thnt the UnIted States nod Orent firltnino woulid come immledlin t(ly to thle n seist nnce of ("rndece in case oft any fture unrrovoked aittnek by Glermnny Wh'len ihe penflce treaty wnvs submitteel to the4 Glermns the Ttuai~nn dlelegn e' we.r' plresenrt, haiiving ret itrned to Po"ris tn re'spornse to anf in vitaion1(1 e eitende hiv PresidE'nt WiVtlsoni indo Prieielrs 1. lovd Gedorge' uand ('lemneennl. Thelo Germoan delegonte' were not pr mIiled to dilscuis' t' Lpeace irenuts with V'ontinued on .uecomid P'. iiin seIn. MEIN ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ " -il] -il W. mr 7'.na secretary ATNI0NG , - 1 CONTINUE S''lIKE of Ili' steel strikers. Mr. Foser snflAiT llat it was lls ohlllon Ihat file menl Yo should have one of 0u Gara- e Assortnients containing ('levelant!, 0., ec. 27.- il1ifteen Mi , - wee iali' a wi ninin. filght and l hat. I00 1 s. if sta Nni- Nuts, 1olts, 1 iivet-. Cap Screws, S3tudis, Spring dato complamnt of seiIrto r of steel was n o -reni o \achine and W l crew a ot.her uisof I 10i.l111 to contfintle onl -trike and to) re(- ev" dele o( i-. tich ! too nu11inerous t~o mn tionl. inain away from leir forter emjiloy- Whien th' strike war called 20,000 All iice'((ssary in the iy '(lit". of the stecessfrl gartge. nient tilltil the strike is won, or oflic- mien 4luit work Iere. Many of these T ouli will cost, you $7.K 0. b. Db eroit, Micl. We hnvo am ialbv tleelared off by.I the national ofie.. thave founl eriploymnltill. il otlier as irtn ient in i ou wiil . wi 1h w Vill 1 1lad to sliow yol, er. callings and sonC are said to have whichV will give ,o011 14l idk , vi li his assortiitut 1q. 'I'lie 'c irfoii to y ia n idle W retirued to work il oI'e steel ilil s. COLUMBIA SUPPLY COMPA4Y revach('( a'tor they bad heard the 'ic Th i'ss ini Somie of II~ liplanlts. reijort of two of their iIImber who the nianufactirers claim, is lue .r.82. WES T GER VAIS S T1?EF T, C'0I.UMIf3A, S. C. 1a l ha l * nt to PItt sburg to confer to a vhorta..,e of coal than to lac of -1_-t_ FAREWELL TO 1919 The Year 1919 has passed out upon the whit! fleeting wings of Time. The past is now history; the future lies before us. Let's all gather up a big heart full of energy, with light feet, and by the help of God march forward, de termined to make 1920 a better and more prosperous year. WE WISH YOU A HAPPY AND PROSPEROUS 1920 NEW YEAR 1920 THE HOUSE OF BARGAINS RED IRON RAKET Sells Same Goods 15 Sells for Cash and Gives to 35 Per Cent Less You Your Money's Worth SMILE AND BE HAPPY Buy Your Goods of J. C. Burns & Company and You'll Be Happy A Happy New Year Letter to All In I1van1 n there are no( gub- thtInlakes lienvi. inllil -H hv--alrmh- m akues Hlell. G;rnmlbllImL is the ehl)ira tristiv thlat belongls 1) i universa ,l humanitv1%. The fr-st man11 in fit( - Edenl 1hail cv(. rY w lit fulfiled, had v yv ileg ;o-,omb11to hi l b t l <o of t r mf . Hre.le gralinbledj herwause he dhdl not have that..11 1:'n- ..unlig t him Paranliso. .he fir't thing. a hy does is to ra ise a howl an I make ; kik. We an- ll on kl.-iher Nob ,h - h'kes lha bsies, no inatier whit that busiI1ss is. T - tur imn t1alk, un- '-m all losing m l'y. T. drY -.4ol ..in1,11 say, s businless i., n1ot wha! ;t uisol to be, is; jrllorn mon0111y every y.-m-- In- c- s flne vi-hha his wile we: -s dii ititol s; the.\ )w thei? own atmll o .il'. :1i lan- Ia t e by tw 'a - ill li.' os I" il l,, ip'. It is Ihe sa'ni.. with tIh- doetors, the ia' s. n111d -n inl every pifessli n. 1T1 4-1, Ill- tml' i er the man I you llnk wouild he contei! is fiw( gre- tst -m l'of, th.m al 11 111 sea.Ir is drv --u will Ilot take sed Ihis ye;u-:'' i t IIh ay n 1our(ml- n tn. ha-n "W-, -- will thu ' -(. l vIlthiIIgI htr mu- sl11', there 'a no us' haiving it.'' No' l w t s h is s n ti llow I he' sn li o1 hl' i . I here arv ifrI l I ler; i vver-Y volcationl .111d liwationl. Timre are.( 11nore grum1bler-; in the 111mw1 than111o whbere ani eimjoy Irieshl vidls amilI purie air. Youi tfo- whie'n you1 .Mi' therei', t he' p41- is bIly v tIll' pm~ ih' are the' tuOst vuila uI e(ll(ver satw, thio hood is stale, the lilte ':-o. m her -llhi e Ipllm by y111a' is an I E'v4vrybody knows how a worik onelh toI be doneI' 4N>l2'I Itrl u-ii- W -(In Phlswil a i'e ii'it Ist siting', t hat ts youi impro)ve, eve'ry bo!y else andl er -:-' ii h ing elsi' steems t o impr->v a IV't h It .'ue itl tim lit' ltl ir p- somie prieslipt Ots for ei-iell grttublin:: Tlo lie rightl. Thli ta ny waVile t.o I'' sn-'(t-sitritedl an11d gentIl I is to Iiae ri..ht. Whl -, I )Vid I ts Ht li ving. iuriht. he wav:g ready to kill1 llave tnhe ai'is batifuil is yotu ent mai~ke it. If 'ii m-e' a itlhiitl p>-:tst \'lll b. P'- i,'Il~k evenl il shie I i'rather'b hly~t'. Priaiste hem' ('ookmbg th11 ' VII. Give hier the samiei love-like ill' is It'he bst lltisn youI (ver! 10uu, Ino nmlitIetr hiow ma i you y'ae lu~ul. Ik- ear befubl ofi Vw-loa y'o a .sleP 5QJ. lhe W-Ir 1( IS gom 1~e PrazyV foi'r lk of sl ep, ft wiants f resh, wide (-atwake eole n' thi hab1:t1it Ilf hemili. than1kfu~l foir what yo41u lve. Whent yoti are'm ialeiill beenualSI y(11 he (ll ltitlil hlt (I he pIoplei haive', I tiunk ofi then ihmm-' thiey have you4I woi'd NO T like to4 havm~e. h~e lik' 1114 oh! Womta who hadt~ oly~ t wI) tet'h, lb.ut1 said shle was thankfulI that they werie opplosit e Ito ea(ch (qthet'. f non-r'! pit a erip p)le or a bl1un1 i man t hat my hear't is inot lifPled in thankfuliness that I have soundl( Imbs. uI~ ('ves thait (cani (. Get into thle habit of t !king fe'' sw'etneIss an I Iight. Peoplet uismuallyfn is'ha l lotk fotr 'ile lno ' ietad 11he 8luzzard1'( ha.ver together' illn te air:. hn' goels s1ir:ighlt toI a r-ose er-denl inl tie distaiie: thle th r li'o a dei irat a nule1( away. h~ook Cfor sweet ness ma il li.rht matil you1 wil 11i1) 1!ee'wt''.(iatitlld and( bette', give refreshinig tsu' Ibiad btoulrinets to thI - dumsty~ plilgr'imls alonig. lif'e's higrhways W'.'llNfI YOli AND) YO'RS . ITAPPY NE~ ' YEAR\I pI"1, oP 0001) ('IEhgg lrml a friendlc I. . lI'R~N8. i oafin. F,.llB' S&COIP Y