University of South Carolina Libraries
VOL XVIIL LAURENS S. 0., WEDNESDAYS AUGUST 20, 1902. " ^ THE STATE FARMERS' INSTITUTE. ANNUAL SESSION AT CLEM SON COLLUOR. A<l<lrcHH by Prof. VV. J. Suill ltlllll, Anios(oliij;iw( of the United Stuten. Clciuson Collego is tho Mecca of tho South Caioliua farmers, amtduriug the month of August in each year they mako a pilgrimago to the old home stead of John C. Calhouu and for ouo week aro inspired by the great work now boiug douo by this institution in the interest of agriculture. The State farmers' instituto of South Carolina, held under tho faculty of the ce'logo, mot in tho college chapel last nigh',, Professor J. S. Newman presid ing. The oxercisos were opened with prayer by Dr. .). i>. HuuuiuUtt, editor of The Southern Cultivator. Professor Newman gladly welcomed tho farmers and pointed out the many beueUts. to be dorived from such a gathoring of tho tilleis of tho soil. Here farmers can bolh teach and learn, aud such intorchango of ideas is edu cating and very profitable. During the past decado there has been an advance in agriculture in the South and this section should bocotno tho greatest agricultural region on the globe. Here is fouud an unexcelled climate, and hero can be growu not only the crops common at the North, but also those that belong peculiarly lo this section. H?re tho wheat overlaps the cauo, and during most months of the year tho farmor can furnish his table with fresh vegetables and truits grown in his own garden and fields. Lot the farmers improvo their tneihods and thus aid in the development of our common country. Tho purpose of tho experimental work at Clemson College is simply lo nsk questions of nature and then by bulletins give her answers and report results. T. C. Hamer responded in behalf of the farmers and voiced their apprecia tion of benefits derived from these in stitutes. Prosperity will come to tho farmor when he avails himself of scien tific investigations and adopts approv ed, up-to-date agricultural methods. The first regular lecture of tho in stitute was delivered by Professor W. J. Spillmau, agiostologist (or grass man) of tho United States department of agriculture. Professor Spillmau is a nativo of Missouri, where ho was edu cated and whore ho taught for four years. He then taught two years in Indiana, three years in Oregon, seven and one-half years in the State of Washington, and since January 1, last, has been with tho departaiout of agri culture. Professor Spillman's subject was " Improvement in Southern Agricul ture. " He said that there wao really but one industry in America, and that was agriculture. In comparison all other enterprises were mere side shows. Tho invoice of agriculture footed up twenty billion dollars. Poultry raising, a mere featuro of farming, was com pared with railroads. In 1807 poultry and its products aggregated in value $297,000,000 ; in the same year rail roads were valued a! $273,000,000? showing an advantage of $24,000,000 in favor of tho hen. In tho South farmers endeavor to produce an exclusive crop, and hence fail of attaining permanent success and profit. Here cotton is an almost uni versal crop and has proven to a large extontacurse. No country can prosper on a one-crop system. This was illus trated by exclusive wheat growing in Oregon in the past and at present by cotton growing in a portion of Texas. The results wore the same in each State ?ruination to the farmor. To improve conditions in the South we must encourago immigration to this section. The next wave should and will como to the South and not go to wards tho Paciiic, as that section offers no longer such inducements as this Southland. In South Carolina tho far mers must feed the operatives in tho mills, and to do this must engago in trucking and gardening. The Southern farmer must diversify his crops and engage in feeding livo stock. Other than live stock farming no system of agriculture is pcssiblo for any great length of time. Everything grown should be fed back to the land, either directly or indirectly, through live stock, and thereby land can bo permanently improvod. On every farm one acre in. ten should be planted in Bermuda grass. This is the best grass known and is better in this section of the South than bluo grass is in Ken tucky. One acre in Bermuda grass is worth more than three acres in cotton. The Southorn farmer has the finest live stock country in the world, and principally becauso the stock can be fed on cheap feeds. It is not profitable to usa feed costing more than $20 per ton. as does cotton seed meal. Lot the farmer grow grass on his own farm at a cost of $3 to 815 per ton, feed this as hay and sell cattle, lleef cattle today is higher than ever known beforo, and there Is no reason ?ver again to expect cheap beef. Years ago the Northwest was stocked up with cattle, but not so Unlay. Capital ists began to graze cattle on the plains and beef was produced cheap, because of unlimited range. The live slock in 'sections of the' Northwest have con sequently been reduce! 50 per ceut. The Western range on the plains la now being exhausted, and it takes to day CO acres, where a fow years ago it took but 10 acres, to graze a cow for a year. The Southern farmer can over find sale for his beef cattle and at profitable prices. To grow beef suc cessfully, two things are essential, first, never let the steer get hungry, and, second, the steer must be fed cheap feed. Dairying ia moat certain to bring profit, but requires constant work and study. Dairying around tbo cotton mills, which are springing up all over the South, should become very profit able. For dairying In the South the breeds should be the Jersey, crossen between Jerseys and native scrubs (which latter are really akin to the ? Jerseys,) the Ilolsleins and the Guern seys (which are equally good with Jer seys, but not so popular.) For beef purposes the breeds recommended ave: Shorthorn or Durham, Heresford and l'oll Angus. Tho dairy auimal Is not a boof animal, and vice versa.' Fat on tho beef animal, when the animal is slaughtorod, can bo sold as beef, while on the dairy auimal it must be cut off as tallow. In starting iu tho live stock business tho farmer should buy tho breed most plentiful in his section, thereby getting his stock cheap. Ho should not buy raro hreeds. In live stock farming one should buy as little machiuory as possible. As a feed there is uotbing better than pea vino hay. To succeed iu tho live stock industry one must familnrizo himself with its details and requiromonts ; dniryiug especially requires much woik, much study, groat care, good local market. For pastures in spriug aud summer Bermuda supplies tho demand, in win tor grain, rescuo grass, hairy vetch and burr ctovor. As a rotation of crops on a stock farm Profotsor Spillman recommouded Ihu following: (1.) Com aud peas sown at laying-by. (2.) Winter grain, followed by poas. (8.) Cottou, and (4) sorghum and poaa. Ono-fourth of farm oach year sown in each of these crops. CLKMSON AoniCUI.TUIlAL COLT.KOK. Tho Clom8on Agricultural college of South Carolina is located on the divid ing lino between Oconoo and L'ickeus counties aud w ithin one mile of Cal horn!, a station on tho main line of tho Southern railway. Tho eollego build ings have boon erected on tho old Fort Hill homestead of John C. Calhoun. This is au ideal site, on a high ridgo iu a grove of maguificeut native oaks, having an olevation of 900 lect above sea level, and commandiug ou all sides iospiring views of nearby plantation scenery and to the Nor'1! and the West the picturesque Blue Ridge mountains. Here and amid such surroundings a half century ago lived the great ox pounder of the constitution. Here today aro gathered moro thau 500 youog men from all parts of South Carolina, who aro taking courses in scientilic agricul ture, in the mechanic arts, and in theo retical and practical textilo proce. es. Year after year much valuable in formation of a pidc.'cal character is furnished to tho . .in os of the o?nto. The Siato experiment statiou, which is maintained and operated under the pro visions of the act of Congress known as the Batch act, occupies a portion of the college farm, and the olllcers in charge gladly furnish free of all coat advico and information oa any topic pertain ing to general agriculture, horticulture, botany, entomology, veterinary science, dairying, stock breeding, feeding, etc.; also, analyses of fertilizere, mails, wut ors and other substances, assays of uros, determination of rocks and minerals, tests of bricks, cements, building stones, illumiunting oils, calibration of electrical instruments, etc. Further, tho olllcers of the experi ment atation have already prepared and published seventy-two bulletins, and those aro sent fiee to all citizens of the State requesting them. Many of these bulletins ure very valuable and should be in the hands of every fartuor in South Carolina. The duties of the profoaaors of Clem son College do not end with the col lege term, but for the post two or threo years, during the summer months, far mers' institutes, embracing usually a two-days' cour80 of lectures, have boon held by members of the faculty in thoso counties of the State desiring sanio. Tho purposo of these couuty inatilutea ia to bring practical information to the farmers and to give them tho results of scientilic investigation in the interest of agriculture. Further, a special Stato farmers' in stitute of ono week's duration is held in the college chapel during the month of August in each year, and, beside the faculty of the collego, many promi nont spoakors and agriculturists from othor Stalos participate in tho pro gram. BILL MP ROASTS F * SLEDD. HE MUST HAVE A DISEASED IMAGINATION. The Creator Made the Negro In ferior nnd So He Will Remain* Atlanta Constitution, Little things fret us more than big onos. If I write that Neptune is six teen hundred millious ?f miles from the sun and it comes out in print six teen millions it worries me. If I wiite that the doctor sewed up hare lips and it comes out hair lips, I don't like it. Tho typo didn't know that the rabbit had a slit under its noae. It I writo that I walked out into the garden to let my cholordown, meaning my anger, the typo thinks I meant my shirt collar, and so changes tho spell ing to suit his own idea. But sinco I read an editor's defense in a New York paper 1 feel better, for he says it is amazing how few of these mistakes are made in the groat dailies that have to bo rushed through with light ning speed. The constant prossurc on type setters aud proof readers is tre mendous, but they rarely make any sorious blunders, and tho intelligent reader can generally correct thorn in his mind. And so I will not worry I any more about it. There are some other little things that are of more consequence just nwW. Our cook has quit, and so lias tho house maid?gone off to Rockmart foi a week or two?gone to a houso party, I think. That is all right, for the cook has been faithful a long time and needed rest. She is a good ser vant and keeps a clean kitchen, and we have had a house party ourselves The. Won s Greatest, Core 'for flal'ana - X for all form* of Malarial poUon n? t&ko Johnauta'n Chill and Pava* l onk e ? t\tnt o'ftMalarlal poiaon ?J in yo jr blood meannmlaery and I failure. Blood inMllclneu can'tonr* Malarial poiaonlng. #Tha antidote ?* U JoHN?OW8 TONIC. Oat a frtfle to-day. k5?te 5? Ctiti If It for Bcvoral months. I havo been sick, but now wo aro reduced to the rogulur family of live and havo but littlo to cook and can got along on two nionls a day. My wifo arranged it for mo to Uro up tbo stove and 1111 up tho kettles and griud the coffee and put on tho hominy, and then ring the boll for tho girls to got up and liuish up tho breakfast. Sho said that if I felt liko it I might s'voop out tho hall nud tho front veranda and sottlo up the front room. Well", of course, I had to split up some kindling and bring in tho stovo wood, but I am gottiug along fairly woll und my wifo thiuks tho uxerciso is doing mo good. Last night she hint ed that the vornuda was badly tracked up siuco tho rain and neodod a good washing. So this morning f turned looso the hoso pipo on it and she prais ed mo right smart, and I brought hor somo roses from my gardon. Wo let hor sloep uutil breakfast is roady, for she cloans up her room aud makes up two beds aud thon sews all day for tho grandchildren. But 1 want that col ored house party to break up as soon as possiblo, for I don't hanker after this morning business as a regular job. Mrs. Mimms says she likes it, and 1 think sho does. Sho has a good room in the back yard and good furniture aud a good lamp to read by, and her littlo grandson lives with hor, and I don't know of any colored woman that has a boltor time. In fact, I know of lots of good negroes in town who are contented with their situntion and will continue so if they aro let alone by the Northern fanatics and Southern cranks. What craze has como over that man Sledd to causo him to write auch a fool piece for the Boston magazine? What good can it possib.' v do, oven if it was truo? But it ia not truo and only tho product of a diaeaaed imagination. I I would writo hard thiuga about him, but for hia family connectiona. For their sake tie had better have smothered hia feelinga and his pen. Tho Atlan tic Monthly has never shown any love for the South, and why ho should se lect Hint as hie organ passeth conipro henaio.i. Professor Sledd says the ne gro is au inferior race. Thou why doos ho insist that we give him a spaco in our own churches aud hotols and rail road cars? It was tho work of tho Creator that made him inferior, and ho will remain so?and neither cducatiou nor mis cegenation will ever chauge it so far j as social equality ia concerned. Mosoa violated the law of Cod when ho mar ried tiiat Ethiopian woman, and ho had to discard hor, and Aaron nnd Miriam chided him for it long after wards. Numbers, xii. The story goes, according to Josephus, that tho Egyp turns were at war with the Ethiopians and iiad suffered defeat in every bat tle until Pharaoh was advised that no one could commaud hia anuy euoccaa fully but Moses. So Mo.se? whs given command and he marched with the army to the borders of Ethiopia and mot the enemy and defeated them aud marched on to Saba, the royal city, and attacked the walls, and Thaibio, tho daughter of tho king, saw Moses from tho wiudow of hor towor, nnd he waa ao haud8ome 8ho foil desperately in love with him and sent a mo88cnger to him to say that if ho would marry hor she would surrender tho city nnd array to him.' Moses agreed to this and their ranrriago was atonco consum mated. Thou Moses returned with bis victorious army to. Egypt. Ho did uot tako with him his Ethiopian wife, but not long after ho married Zipporuh, the daughter of Jethro, the Midianitc. So we must suppose that Moses mar ried the Ethiopian princess as a war measure and with no idea of keeping hia promise. At any rate it caused trouble aud shame in tho family, and so it baa done evor since wheuevor a white person matos with a nogro. What a monstrous falsehood to say that the Southern nogro is dehuman ized, liight hero in our town every negro mechanic is employed at good wages. Blucksraitba, carpenters, nia sonu, paintera, dmymcn are all busy. Cooks, mu ses and waahorwomon lind constant employment?and they are not contented, but 8ometimes dare to be merry and laugh. Whero did Sledd get all that rot about kickiug and cursing and beating tho negroes? Wo never hear of Such t real men I in this region. Mr. Milam, a truthful gen tleman, wllOSO business keeps him on tho street, told me tho other day that he had heard but one. oath uttered by anybody within a year, and that was by a Northern man towarda a no !;ro who naked him a civil question, dehumanized, indeed! Ask Tribble and Brown who givo thoir shops the most patronage. What ridiculous folly to domand seats in our churches for tho negroos. They have churches of their own that were built mninly by tho charity of the whito folks. They don't want seats in our churches. They havo schools of then own that we sunnort. and they have excursions and baseball and walermolons and funerals and Daughters of Zion. Oh, for shamo on Sledd I ? I pity his famiiy and his kindred. He thinks ho has found a mare's nest, and for lack of something fresh has raked up Sam Hose again. Ho laments the lynch Inge, but not the outragos, and hepro poses a remedy. Mr. Sledd can set this down that the lynchings will not stop nntil the outrages do. When a negro dohuraanizos himself aud becomes a beast he oujht to bo lynched, whethor it is Sunday or Monday. Lot the lynch ing go on. This is tho Bontiment of our people, and lot Boston and The AI laut ie Monthly and Sledd howl. We are used to that. Not long ago we had a lynching in Rome that was to my notion. The beast was strung up in Broad street in tho daytime and shot to piecos and nobody was disguised. The iudgo lived there and I ho shoriff and the town marshal and policemen and a military company, and tho Gov ernor wasn't far away, but not a soul said nay. That suits mo exactly. Bill Arp. Ooy. Crane, of Massachusetts, dis IlkoB public speaking and, though ho is always interesting in his addresses, he considers the necessity for thoir de livery one of the most trying foalures of public life. ! THK CULTIVATION OF KICK, CciiHiiH Keport DcHcrilie? I n i<-,;i lion Metliotln iu South Car olina. Tho census bullotin on agriculture iu South Carolina has tho following on rico culturo: Tho beginning of irrigation iu South Carolina was contemporaneous with tho introduction of rico growing, tho irrigation systems boing similar to thoso now in uso. llico was lirst planted in 1700, and from that litno uutil 1801 South Caroliua ranked lirst among tho States in its production. Chungcd labor conditions since tho war, and tho great oxponso of riiain tcuauce, duo to (ho destructive dikes, and tho total loss of crops by Hoods, [ which aro frcquout sinco tho defores tation of tho mountain slopes, which operated against the growth of this in dustry and rice culture has not made the progress hero that it has in a fow othor States. liico is irrigated in South Carolina by manipulating rivor waters through truuks built iu tho dikos which protect tho low marsh lands from tho rlvors Tho delta lands arc selected with rof oronco to tho possibility of Hooding from tho rivers with fresh water at high tide, aud of draining them at low tido. Tho reclamation of these lands necessitates tho building, parallel with tho river, of costly dikes, capable of resisting tho force of tho Hood tide, and also that of tho rivor iu timo of fresh ets. After the dikes are built, the Hold is dividod into sections and squares by similar banks, called '?check" banks. These squares con tain from 5 to 30 acres each, and iu turn aro subdivided by ditches into bed, usually about thlity-Hvo foci. Wido aud oxlonding tho length of tho square. Each of the6c squares has a wooden trunk with a door at each end, through which tho water is admitted to tho field. Tho trunks tue hum 30 to 40 foot long, from 8 to 12 feet wide, and about sixteen inches d^ep and aro built under the dikes on a level with tho hods of tho ditches. In Hooding tho Hold tho outor door is raised and the inner closed. As the tide rises the water comes in through tho trunk, pushes tho Held door open, and passes through the ditches to the Held. When the tide fulls in tho rivor, tho pressure of the water in the Held closes the inner swinging door against tho muzzle of tho trunk, thus holding the water. In drniniug tho Hold this method is reversed, tho Hold door be ing raised at low tide and the outor door dropped. Tho unlimited supply of fresh water and its perfect control by this system of Hooding and draining, account for the tupcrior quality of rice for which South Carolina is famous. Tho practice of dumping tho harbor dredging* into the river above Savan nah has injured the bystom of drain ago, causing tho abandonment of a number of rico plantations along the Snvanuah llivor. On many planta tions, which formerly were readily drained at low tide, pumping is now resorted to whon the rivers aro high, as tho Heids can not properly bo drained. The pumps, which are mounted on Hats or lighters, are operated by steam and shifted on the river from Held to Held. Tho suction pipe is dropped over the dike into any desired Held aud tho water pumped into tho river. I vice, is grown inland on low, swampy lands, which nre Hooded from reservoirs or small streams. Tho cul tivation of upland wr "Providence" rice is attempted in many of tho in terior counties, but owing to the low yiold and an occasional total failure tho results are not satisfactory. Orangeliurg County has the largos, crop of upland rico, and in 1890 pro duced 2,200,102 pounds, an average yield of 309 pouuds per aero. The irrigated crop is sure as compared with that of tho uplands, the average yiold per acre being much higher, aud tho quality of rice far suporior. Tido water irrigation is generally practiced in Beaufort, Borkoloy, Colic ton, Charleston, Georgetown, and Hampton counties. In 1899 the rice acreago of these counties, irrigated and upland, was70.0 per cent, of the total, while the production, 40,G5l,fi(J4 pounds, was 80.0 per cent, of tho total rico crop of tho State. Tho avorago yield por acre was 748 pounds. Tho total product of all othor counties was 0,708,404 pounds, an average of 288 pounds per aero. It is impossible to ascortain tho ox act cost of reclaiming those delta lands. Rice irrigation was reported on 048 plantations; tho average was 29,090, and tho yiold, 33,407,101 pounds. The avorago first cost por acre for preparing rico lands for irrigation, in clusive of cost of construction of dikes, trunks, chock banks and ditches, is es timated to be $28.08, aud tho systems in use represent a total investment of over ?851,509. FACTS AS TO (5? I 1,1) i, a I sou. How the ComlitlotiH in ThiH State Have Hccn Exaggerated by Northern Writers. The Columbia Daily Record has re ceived an advance sheet from The Tradesman, Chattanooga, on the sub ject of child labor in the cotton mills of the South, in which this journal un dertaken to toll tho truth about exist ing conditions in a specific and not a general way. In so far as South Carolina is con cerned it will bo no doubt a groat sur prise to people to loam how fow child* ren utidor twelve years of ago aro cm ployed in tho mills. The Tradesman's facts woro obtained this summer, when none of tho children of mill operatives are at school, hence their numbor in the mills is groator at this season than at any other. Tho following aro some of tho facts: Lewis W\ Parker, president, of the Victor Manufacturing company, say's that there are OftO operatives in the mill, of whom there are twenty-sovon children under twelvo years of age. Mr. Parkor regrots that tho numbor is unusually largo at this time, which OABTOIIXA. Bmm the A 11m Kind You Haw Always is duo to tho fact that tho school closed July 1. This mill operates a school uiue months in tho \oar, paying three teachera and the oxpousos of the school generally out of iU owu fuuda. Johu A. Law, presideut of the Saxon mills, Spurtauburg, says hu has 275 people on his pay roll. Of these, nine are c'iildron uuder twclvo ycarB old, and they will bo put out as soou as school begins, he says. Thorc is a free bchool in the village ruuuing eight months in the year. Arthur T. Smith, of tho Laugloy Manufacturing company, says thatl mill has 000 employees at work, of whom fourteen uro uudor twelve years i old. This corporation runs a free school four months of the year and the I county live months, making nine in all. Mr. Smith states that ovory one of theso childron will go to school on tho reopening. James L. Orr, president of the Piedmont Manufacturing compauy, says that there aro 1,4211 namos on his pay roll, of which fifty-six aro botwoon tho agos of teu and twelve yenrs. All of theso aro swoopors and jackors and are children of small families who are dependent upon them for a liviug. There is not one under 10 aud only thirteen uudor oleven. There is a regular graded school, with a principal and seven teachers, and running ton months in tho yonr, and all of it is paid for by tho company. Ellison A. Smyth, of tho Polzer and IMton nulls, says in tho Polzer mill thoro aro 2,04'* operatives, of whom twenty-six nro under twolvo years old, and in tho llolton mill thoro aro 041 operatives, of whom thirteen nro less than twelve years old. He says: " At both Pelzor and Helton wo have a contract book, which is signed by Iho head of every family we employ, and in which it is agree d that all children undor twelve years of age aro to go to schools provided by the mills ovciy flay tho schools arc open and ch!ldr?n ovor twelvo aro to bo em ployed in iho mill. Our school runs for uino or ton months aud will re open on Iho 1st of September. I find that during this holiday time some of tho ehildrou under twelve years of ago do got into tho mill to work, through thoy are not wunted aud their employ ment forbidden, but often the ehildrou wnnt to work and make their wages. Of cour80, there are special exceptions made to our twelve year rulo in in dividual cases, owing to the povei ty and needs of the widowed molhor or invalid father, or, in tho case of orphans, to tho condition of want in which the grandparents are found to be." J. I, Wostcrvelt, of the Hrandon mills, (iieenville, says there aro 207 cm ploy ccs iu tho mill. Nine are inalos under twelve and threo are females under twolvo, although they are just n few months romoved from Hint ago. These aro more, than usual ou account of the school being closed, which is run ten months. Thomas F. Talker, president of tho Mouaghan mills, Greenville, says there aro :?ss operatives in the mill, of whom twenty-ihree arc under twolvo years. Thoro is a school open for nine months. Pi C. Poag, superintendent of tho Goldville Manufacturing company, *ays there are sixty-nine operatives in this mill, of whom eight aro under twelve years. lt. T. Powell, president of tho Ar cade mills, Hock 11)11, reports that there aro one hundred and oighty-nino oporntives, of whom twenty arc under twclvo years. Ho declares that there is not a mill man in tho State who wants to employ ehildrou under twclvo, but it is 8omolimos dono from kindness of heart, and sympathy. This is tho record for South Caro lina so far as it goes, as it shows a surprising state of affairs whon ono considers tho many "investigations" made, of conditions by Northern writers. They havo greatly exagger ated the situation, with an object in viow, and succcoded in arousing tho indignation of maiiy of our own pco- < plo who havo accepted thoir statements as truth. According to (ho showing madOjSays the Columbia Itcconl, there is no need for any legislation on tho subject in this State, for tho mill own era thomsolvos do not want to omploy children under twelve yoars Of ago, and thoy do not do so except when they bolieve they aro doing good to tho children thomsolves and their families. ' Only ono characteristic distinguishes tho littlo village of Strong, Me,, from tho thousands of others that, are scattered all over New England. That is the peculiar industry which sorves to support tho entire community. Strong is famous for nothing but toothpicks, but it is known in tho trado as the place from which come the majority of the toothpicks that aro used in the United States. Labor-saving machines introduced in (he canning factories at Quimper, Britany, led to a strike and ultimately to a riot, in which the workmen march cd to tho factories and smashod the now appliances. Lost Hair "My hair came out by the hand- I ful, and the gray hairs began to I creep in. I tried Ayer's Hair vigor, I and it stopped the hair from com- I ing out and restored the color."? I Mrs. M. D. Gray, No. Salem, Mass. ? There's a pleasure in offering such a prepara tion as Ayer's Hair vigor. It gives to all who use it such satisfaction. The hair becomes thicker, longer, softer, and more glossy. And you feel so secure in using such an old and reliable prepara tion. fl.H a kettle. All draift?U. If your druggist cannot eunply yon, fiend ue nnn dollar and we will exprt>aa you a bottlo. IIa ?uro and ?Ivo tho mime Of your neonat exnrnes olrU-o. Addrotta, J.O.AYMlt CO., Lowell, Mitaw. TUB CHAN OB IN TEXT HOOKS The State Hoard of Education IVIake a Statement in Juutiec to Superintendent MeMahan. At tho campaign meeting in Kuigo trce on tho UHh iuat., tho most notr. blo feat uro was tbo introduction of a letter from (Jovornor McSweoucy, chairman of State board of education, relative to tho chango in text books for the public schools. The report is as follows : Mr. McMahan was lirst introduced, coming forward amid applause. Mr. McMahan's thoughtful words on gov ernment and education were again heard with closest iutorest. Having by inhoreut right, best typos of man hood and womanhood, careful training of children should mako South Caro lina even more glorious in tho fuluro. County school superintendents should be skilled school mon, appoiutcd by boardB elected by tho peoplo, superin tendents to bo retained as long as their services wore satisfactory. Applause and live bouquots of flowers with ro ne weil applauso. Mr. Martin next, was reminded of a couplet suggesting sleeping beneath tho Uowors. Mr. Martiu saw no work more important than school work, had work ed in this field and his interest in this would always be groat. Whatovor criticisms may havo been made against opponen' camo from conscientious mo tives. Difforont conditions require dif. Cerent remedies. Opposed to election of hoard aud appoint men. of superin tendents. Opposed to wholesale change of bookB. Some books are good in new ones, others should have beou retained. Reading editorial from The State of July 18, thought tho editor of Tho state should attend to his own busi uc88. Mr. Martiu was iutorrupted with applause. Closed with cheers aud hurrahs for Martin. * At the conclusion of Mr. Martin's remarks, Superintendent McMahau asked to read a letter from Gov. McSweeney and other mombers of the board. Oov. McSwoenoy's lottor tj members of Stale board reads as fol lows : " In view of comuicnls made in present campaign in roferonco to adop tion of text hooka, J deem it but justice that we sign and acud to tho Hon. Jno. J. McMahan tho enclosed statement of i acts, tO bo used as he see:; tit. I have signed one aud mailed it to him. I hope you will t.ike tho same viow that 1 do nnd w ill sign statement and forward it to Mr. McMahan. (Signed) M. It. McSwkknky. " Cov. and Uhr. State Bd. of Edu cation." The letter addressed Mr. McMahan reads a3 follows : " In view of the unjust attacks made upon you with reference to tho adop tion of text hooka, it is but justice that wo?as members of tho State board, responsible for the changes in the text books, come forward and make follow ing statement: (1) You are iu uo sonso rcaponaible for the appointment of tho men who made the adoption. The Governor exercised Iiis prerogative under the constitution and appointed the seven members without regard to your pre ferences. (2) You arc not rcaponaible for the changes mado in tho booka. You strongly opposed tho adoption of some. A board of nine men selected the books by a majority vote in such cases, and no one man could control tho result or can havo praise or blame for what Bwas done. All acquiesced loyally in tho reault and to you, or Stato superintendent of education, is duo the credit that tho uniformity of toxt hooka ao much to bo desired haa become a fact and is not a dead letter. (3) The county acbools wore in con fusion from tho great diversity of books that had been permitted. The best teaching could not be done when the teacher had to uao ouy and every book that each pupil brought. There fore any serious effort to improve tho county schools necessarily involved ! great changes in toxt books. Aftor auch changes have bceu mado and tho people have acquiesced, it ia unfor tunate for a candidate for tho high of I lice of Stato superintendent of educa tion to corao beforo tho people and try to make them dissatislicd with tho change that has already' bceu made, that cannot be undone, and that alt intelligent achool men must know ia for tho betterment of tho work in tho couuty schools. (4) It i8 folao to say thore " havo been frequent chongos." The changes wore ordered in 11(00, to tnko place Nov. 15, 1001 ? Tho contract forbids any more changes beforo July 1, 1000, and there will nrobablv bo little reason for manv cbangoB then. (5) Although you wero opposed to mi mm of tho adoptions, you nccoptcd iho result in good faith, and in tho cn forcomont of tho uso of tho ndopted hooka you have doue your full duty. KegardlcBB of the opposition you would incur, you applied yourself with determination to having the law and the contract carried out. It is there fore due chiclly to your efforts Hint South Carolina enjoys the lowest prices and exchnngo rates." (Signed) M. B. McSWEENEY. In responso to the Governor's lottor, Supt. McMnhan has received pleasant and cordial letters on this subject from Dr. J. I. McCain, of Erskine Colloge, Prof. II. P. Archer, superintendent of city schools of Charleston, and T. M. Haysor, now State Senator from Or angeburg?membors of tho Stato board. Personal assurances from three of tho four other mombors mako Mr. McMahan confident of receiving similar letters from them. Among these Mr. McMahan in. eluded Prof Cook, of Furman Univer sity, whero Mr. Martin was educated. Mr. Martin made vigorous responso to this. Couldn't help it if tho Gover nor and othors said this. Makes no difference whore they stand. A mo tion should havo been made to keop some of the old books. We need a plain country school teachor on this board, instead of some who know no moro about it than a lawyer does about practicing medicine. Insists upon his issue, regardless of what evory Gover nor or any ono elso has to say. OA.8TOXIIA. Saafiuu? _ ^yglto Kind You Haw Always B?nM 8ifn*ture ?nth* >;IM*inOY0> p?O^I)*%L powder AbsowteiyPure Makes the food more delicious and wholesome _PIOYAL0AKmOPOWt>eR0O.| HEW YORK._ TUB THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL STATE FAIR. FactH About the Show to be Held in October Next-An nouncement by the Secretory. Tho annual premium list of tho thirty-fourth annual Slate fair, which is to bo held iu Columbia begiuuing on Tuesday morning, October 28 and eudiug Friday, October 31, has been issued and is being distributed by Col. rhoa. W. Ilolloway, secretary of tho society. This year tho following announce ment is made as to a commercial dis play: u For the best installed and most handsomely decorated commercial ex hibit a premium of $100 will bo paid. Not less than 16 to exhibit. Five dol lars for lloor space (15 feet front) from every exhibitor. Score pointB: instal lation 40 : decoration 00?100." This is provided to induce the merchunts of tho city to make displays. All entries in all depailmonts will close Oct 21. Tho annual special announcement roads as follows: u The thirty-fourth annual South Carolina State fair will be hold in Co lumbia, from Tuesday, Ootobor 28th, to Friday, October 81st, iuclusivo. 44 Entries are absolutely free, ex cept where othorwise stated and all premiums regularly awarded aro paid in full. No part of tho premium money is retained by the society on any account or pretext whatever. u Tho management seeks to encour age tho exhibition of only such ani mals and products us arc really meri torious and aro of utility and prolit to tho peoplo of the State. This is one of tho groat objects of the fair and the socioly is iminred with an ambition to add a now zest and a new dignity to agricul,urnlaaaud mechanical pursuits and secure increased influence aud greater remuneration to those engaged in them. 44 The premium list has been care fully revised, and the society wishes to C. !1 attention to the inducements of fered that will certainly attract tho boat exhibits that can bo shown in every class. 44 The achievement of thoStato agri cultural and mechanical society in pro moting the development of agriculture and its allied industries have ncvor boon fully appreciated by its best friends ; its possibilities for future usefulness in suggesting and dissemi nating ideas that will materialize in improved crops, live stock and farm practice cannot be over-estimated. *' Not unmindful of tho entertain mont of its patrons, tho mauagemont is eudcavoring to secure a number of now aud novel attractions that will both instruct ami amuso. These will bo announced later. A 11 immoral shows and dovices for gambling under any form whatever will be excluded from tho grounds of tho soeiety ; and any person caught violating any law of the Suite by practicing any gambling game or device will bo immediately arrested. ?* Realizing how huge a part of the successes of tho past exhibitions has been owing to the work of the fair women of the State, the society earn estly requests exhibits iu the several departments. 44 The largo attendance at the fair offers a splendid inducement to manu facturers to make elaborate displays of their works. On all tho loading rail roads of the State entering Columbia excursion rates will prevail during fair week, thus extending facilities for vis iting tho fair to tho peoplo of overy quarter of tho State. 44 Visitors to Columbia will find much to entertain thorn besides the fair. Among the pi ..cos of intorest may be mentioned the State house, asylum, penitentiary, cemetery, fac tories, collcgo?, graded schools, churches, etc. "Every effort is mn.de by tho city to entertain her visitors, who aro assured that thoy will rcceivo a cordial recep tion nnd apeud a pleasant lime. The fair ia couducted for the bonofit of tho public at largo, and their moral aup port and active co-oporation are re quested in order to make the thirty fourth annual fahr tho grandest in the history of tho agricultural aud mechan ical society." Every offort ia to bo made to mako the fair this year a groat auccoas, and tho people of Columbia may bo relied upon to do their part. Tho nutmeg tree and tho manner of preparing tho famous nut for mar ket aro lit lie. understood, says the Grocer, but we givo a fow interesting facta on tbo subject from remarks mado by a grocer who has lately vis ited tho East Indies aud witnessed the handling of the nut: "The. nutmeg troo," said the grocer, "is found in the Hast and West indies j also in the Philippines, Singapore nnd Mauritius Islands. It bears all tho year round, I but most plentifully in May and Dc- j I comber. When ripe tho outer shell splits open on one side ; tho pod is removed, after which tho mace is care fully stripped from tho inner shell. Tho nutmegs are then dried for about two months with artificial hoat. They are turned evory day until dried, when tho kernels will rattle in tho shell. Tho shells aro then cracked with wooden mallets. Tho imperfect or worm-oaten ones aro cast away, and tho good ones rubbed in slacked Umo, to givo thorn a belter appearance They aro roady now for sale. The best nutmegs avorage 70 to 80 to the pound. OABTORIA. Beam tiio lho Kind You Havo Always Bought Signatur* /Jff si FATAL WOUND ON A TRAIN. A Former South Carolinian Killed in Texas Last Week. Tho Dallas (Texas) JVcics gives tho particulars of a deadly shooting on a railroad train which was going to Houston. Tho parties to tho fatal en counter were Capt. Win. Dunovant aud W. T. Eidredgo, who had a quar rel previously. Eldredge got on tho train at Eagle Eako and Dunovant took the train at tho next station, Simonton. As lie ontered the coach which was oc cupied by Eldredge tho latter stood aud tho shooting startod. Tho men wero close together and tho fust ball took effect. The ShorilV or Deputy of llexar (Jouuty was near by, and when the pis tol was pulled for the second time ho knocked it up aud the ball went wide of tho mark. Four other cartridges wore discharged aud wero treated iu tho samo way. Only ono shot took effect. Capt. Dunovant was then struck over tho head with tho pistol. Tho otlicor placed Eldredge under arrest aud started with him to Houston. Mr. Eidredgo stated that when they mot Capt. Dunovant attempted to" draw his pistol and that brought tho shooting on. On tho 10th of duly they had a littlo trouble. At Galveston during the State convontiou they also had sol. c trouble. On the arrival of tho train at Hous ton Capt. Dunovant was taken to an inlirinary, whore sovoral doctors made an examination of his wounds. It was found tbat tho wouud was very similar to the ono that proved fatal to Presi dent Melvinloy. It entered in front of tho stomach and passed through his body. He died in a few hours after reaching Houston. All statements agree that thoie were no words between the men at tho tiuio of tho shootiug. After it was over Capt. Dunovant stood up iu tho car for a time until a seat was prepared. He theu sat down and later had to bo laid down on the mattress upon which ho was carried to Iloustou. lie was rational after his arrival there. Mr. Eldredgc immediately after the shooting was taken into tho car of Manager Miller, of the Houston and Texas Control. Ho remained in that car until tho tram reached Houston, and shortly after the death of Capt. Dunovant he was taken to jail. The excitement in tho passenger coach was so great just after tho shooting that several ladies bocamo hysterical and later were taken into Mr. Miller's privato car. Mr. Eldrcdgc was at ono time re ceiver of the (Jane Holt Railroad and was a friend of Capt. Dunovant at ono I timo. Capt. Dunovant was a large sugar and rice planter near Eaglo Luke nnd was one of the best known men in tho I State. Do was owner of a large rice I mill, a sugar mill and an irrigation plant near Eagle Lake. He was a gal lant Confederate soldier and lost one arm in tho Confederate war. His home was in Houston, where he lived with his sister, Miss Adclia Dunovant , who holds a high position in the State or ganization of the Daughters of tho Confederacy. Capt. Dunovant was a nolivo of Chester, S. C, a son of Col. A. Q. Dunovant, a signor of tho ordinance of secession of that State and an olliccr on tho staff of tho Governor. His grandfather, Dr. John Dunovant, was for many years a State Senator and on tho side of Capt. Dunovant's mother the ancestry reaches back to the colon ial days of South Carolina and to Gaston de Foix, of France. Capt. Dunovant was a member of Dick Dowling Camp Confederate Vete rans in Houston. He went from Texas into the war. Tho deceased was re garded as a benefactor to his race aud a valuable citi/.en of Texas, and a pro moter of the welfare of tho State. His sister, Miss Dunovant, was with him at tho infirmary up to the time of his (Icnlh. A Madrid correspondent douios sen sational stories which havo been print* ed regarding tho alleged po-vorty of Admiral Cervera and his neglect by tho Spanish government. He lives in I'uorto Heal, a small town near Cadi/., respected by all who know him, be yond iho range of political turmoil aud without ambition for rohewed proiui-' nonce. Ho receives rcgu'arly his vice admiral's half pay, which, with his private moans, is sullicient for his simple necessities. Prof. Edward S. Holden, United States Military Academy, '90, has ac cepted tho appoiutmont of librarian of the United States Military Acidcmy at West I'oint. The library now con tains about 45,000 volumes. Congross has provided a much iucroasod appro priation for tho prcEcnt llscal year, nnd it? collections aro likely to grow I rapidly. Tho interior of tho large 11? I brary building has lately boon romod eled at a cost of $85,000. The onipiro of Turkoy possesses an extensive, system of agricultural banks under government management, tho purpose of which is to furnish small loans to farmers. Tho capital is pro vldod by a light annual tax on agri cultural prosperity. John Pierson, of Swodosboro, N. J,, who wus a member of tho Now Jersoy Senate during Prosidout Lincoln's term, is 07 years old, and has lived in his prosont homo for sixty-live years. CASTOR IA For Intents and Children. The IM You Have Always Bought Bears the //,/^_^'