The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, August 20, 1902, Image 1
VOL XVIIL LAURENS S. 0., WEDNESDAYS AUGUST 20, 1902. " ^
THE STATE
FARMERS' INSTITUTE.
ANNUAL SESSION AT CLEM
SON COLLUOR.
A<l<lrcHH by Prof. VV. J. Suill
ltlllll, Anios(oliij;iw( of the
United Stuten.
Clciuson Collego is tho Mecca of tho
South Caioliua farmers, amtduriug the
month of August in each year they
mako a pilgrimago to the old home
stead of John C. Calhouu and for ouo
week aro inspired by the great work
now boiug douo by this institution in
the interest of agriculture.
The State farmers' instituto of South
Carolina, held under tho faculty of the
ce'logo, mot in tho college chapel last
nigh',, Professor J. S. Newman presid
ing. The oxercisos were opened with
prayer by Dr. .). i>. HuuuiuUtt, editor
of The Southern Cultivator.
Professor Newman gladly welcomed
tho farmers and pointed out the many
beueUts. to be dorived from such a
gathoring of tho tilleis of tho soil.
Here farmers can bolh teach and learn,
aud such intorchango of ideas is edu
cating and very profitable.
During the past decado there has
been an advance in agriculture in the
South and this section should bocotno
tho greatest agricultural region on the
globe. Here is fouud an unexcelled
climate, and hero can be growu not
only the crops common at the North,
but also those that belong peculiarly lo
this section. H?re tho wheat overlaps
the cauo, and during most months of
the year tho farmor can furnish his
table with fresh vegetables and truits
grown in his own garden and fields.
Lot the farmers improvo their tneihods
and thus aid in the development of our
common country. Tho purpose of tho
experimental work at Clemson College
is simply lo nsk questions of nature
and then by bulletins give her answers
and report results.
T. C. Hamer responded in behalf of
the farmers and voiced their apprecia
tion of benefits derived from these in
stitutes. Prosperity will come to tho
farmor when he avails himself of scien
tific investigations and adopts approv
ed, up-to-date agricultural methods.
The first regular lecture of tho in
stitute was delivered by Professor W.
J. Spillmau, agiostologist (or grass
man) of tho United States department
of agriculture. Professor Spillmau is a
nativo of Missouri, where ho was edu
cated and whore ho taught for four
years. He then taught two years in
Indiana, three years in Oregon, seven
and one-half years in the State of
Washington, and since January 1, last,
has been with tho departaiout of agri
culture.
Professor Spillman's subject was
" Improvement in Southern Agricul
ture. " He said that there wao really
but one industry in America, and that
was agriculture. In comparison all
other enterprises were mere side shows.
Tho invoice of agriculture footed up
twenty billion dollars. Poultry raising,
a mere featuro of farming, was com
pared with railroads. In 1807 poultry
and its products aggregated in value
$297,000,000 ; in the same year rail
roads were valued a! $273,000,000?
showing an advantage of $24,000,000
in favor of tho hen.
In tho South farmers endeavor to
produce an exclusive crop, and hence
fail of attaining permanent success and
profit. Here cotton is an almost uni
versal crop and has proven to a large
extontacurse. No country can prosper
on a one-crop system. This was illus
trated by exclusive wheat growing in
Oregon in the past and at present by
cotton growing in a portion of Texas.
The results wore the same in each State
?ruination to the farmor.
To improve conditions in the South
we must encourago immigration to this
section. The next wave should and
will como to the South and not go to
wards tho Paciiic, as that section offers
no longer such inducements as this
Southland. In South Carolina tho far
mers must feed the operatives in tho
mills, and to do this must engago in
trucking and gardening.
The Southern farmer must diversify
his crops and engage in feeding livo
stock. Other than live stock farming
no system of agriculture is pcssiblo for
any great length of time. Everything
grown should be fed back to the land,
either directly or indirectly, through
live stock, and thereby land can bo
permanently improvod. On every farm
one acre in. ten should be planted in
Bermuda grass. This is the best grass
known and is better in this section of
the South than bluo grass is in Ken
tucky. One acre in Bermuda grass is
worth more than three acres in cotton.
The Southorn farmer has the finest
live stock country in the world, and
principally becauso the stock can be
fed on cheap feeds. It is not profitable
to usa feed costing more than $20 per
ton. as does cotton seed meal.
Lot the farmer grow grass on his
own farm at a cost of $3 to 815 per
ton, feed this as hay and sell cattle,
lleef cattle today is higher than ever
known beforo, and there Is no reason
?ver again to expect cheap beef. Years
ago the Northwest was stocked up
with cattle, but not so Unlay. Capital
ists began to graze cattle on the plains
and beef was produced cheap, because
of unlimited range. The live slock in
'sections of the' Northwest have con
sequently been reduce! 50 per ceut.
The Western range on the plains la
now being exhausted, and it takes to
day CO acres, where a fow years ago it
took but 10 acres, to graze a cow for a
year. The Southern farmer can over
find sale for his beef cattle and at
profitable prices. To grow beef suc
cessfully, two things are essential,
first, never let the steer get hungry,
and, second, the steer must be fed
cheap feed.
Dairying ia moat certain to bring
profit, but requires constant work and
study. Dairying around tbo cotton
mills, which are springing up all over
the South, should become very profit
able. For dairying In the South the
breeds should be the Jersey, crossen
between Jerseys and native scrubs
(which latter are really akin to the
? Jerseys,) the Ilolsleins and the Guern
seys (which are equally good with Jer
seys, but not so popular.) For beef
purposes the breeds recommended ave:
Shorthorn or Durham, Heresford and
l'oll Angus. Tho dairy auimal Is not
a boof animal, and vice versa.' Fat on
tho beef animal, when the animal is
slaughtorod, can bo sold as beef, while
on the dairy auimal it must be cut off
as tallow. In starting iu tho live stock
business tho farmer should buy tho
breed most plentiful in his section,
thereby getting his stock cheap. Ho
should not buy raro hreeds. In live
stock farming one should buy as little
machiuory as possible. As a feed there
is uotbing better than pea vino hay.
To succeed iu tho live stock industry
one must familnrizo himself with its
details and requiromonts ; dniryiug
especially requires much woik, much
study, groat care, good local market.
For pastures in spriug aud summer
Bermuda supplies tho demand, in win
tor grain, rescuo grass, hairy vetch and
burr ctovor.
As a rotation of crops on a stock
farm Profotsor Spillman recommouded
Ihu following: (1.) Com aud peas
sown at laying-by. (2.) Winter grain,
followed by poas. (8.) Cottou, and
(4) sorghum and poaa. Ono-fourth of
farm oach year sown in each of these
crops.
CLKMSON AoniCUI.TUIlAL COLT.KOK.
Tho Clom8on Agricultural college of
South Carolina is located on the divid
ing lino between Oconoo and L'ickeus
counties aud w ithin one mile of Cal
horn!, a station on tho main line of tho
Southern railway. Tho eollego build
ings have boon erected on tho old Fort
Hill homestead of John C. Calhoun.
This is au ideal site, on a high ridgo iu
a grove of maguificeut native oaks,
having an olevation of 900 lect above
sea level, and commandiug ou all sides
iospiring views of nearby plantation
scenery and to the Nor'1! and the West
the picturesque Blue Ridge mountains.
Here and amid such surroundings a
half century ago lived the great ox
pounder of the constitution. Here today
aro gathered moro thau 500 youog men
from all parts of South Carolina, who
aro taking courses in scientilic agricul
ture, in the mechanic arts, and in theo
retical and practical textilo proce. es.
Year after year much valuable in
formation of a pidc.'cal character is
furnished to tho . .in os of the o?nto.
The Siato experiment statiou, which is
maintained and operated under the pro
visions of the act of Congress known as
the Batch act, occupies a portion of the
college farm, and the olllcers in charge
gladly furnish free of all coat advico
and information oa any topic pertain
ing to general agriculture, horticulture,
botany, entomology, veterinary science,
dairying, stock breeding, feeding, etc.;
also, analyses of fertilizere, mails, wut
ors and other substances, assays of uros,
determination of rocks and minerals,
tests of bricks, cements, building
stones, illumiunting oils, calibration
of electrical instruments, etc.
Further, tho olllcers of the experi
ment atation have already prepared
and published seventy-two bulletins,
and those aro sent fiee to all citizens
of the State requesting them. Many
of these bulletins ure very valuable and
should be in the hands of every fartuor
in South Carolina.
The duties of the profoaaors of Clem
son College do not end with the col
lege term, but for the post two or threo
years, during the summer months, far
mers' institutes, embracing usually a
two-days' cour80 of lectures, have boon
held by members of the faculty in thoso
counties of the State desiring sanio.
Tho purposo of these couuty inatilutea
ia to bring practical information to the
farmers and to give them tho results of
scientilic investigation in the interest
of agriculture.
Further, a special Stato farmers' in
stitute of ono week's duration is held
in the college chapel during the month
of August in each year, and, beside
the faculty of the collego, many promi
nont spoakors and agriculturists from
othor Stalos participate in tho pro
gram.
BILL MP ROASTS F * SLEDD.
HE MUST HAVE A DISEASED
IMAGINATION.
The Creator Made the Negro In
ferior nnd So He Will Remain*
Atlanta Constitution,
Little things fret us more than big
onos. If I write that Neptune is six
teen hundred millious ?f miles from
the sun and it comes out in print six
teen millions it worries me. If I wiite
that the doctor sewed up hare lips
and it comes out hair lips, I don't
like it. Tho typo didn't know that
the rabbit had a slit under its noae.
It I writo that I walked out into the
garden to let my cholordown, meaning
my anger, the typo thinks I meant my
shirt collar, and so changes tho spell
ing to suit his own idea. But sinco I
read an editor's defense in a New York
paper 1 feel better, for he says it is
amazing how few of these mistakes
are made in the groat dailies that
have to bo rushed through with light
ning speed. The constant prossurc on
type setters aud proof readers is tre
mendous, but they rarely make any
sorious blunders, and tho intelligent
reader can generally correct thorn in
his mind. And so I will not worry
I any more about it.
There are some other little things
that are of more consequence just
nwW. Our cook has quit, and so lias
tho house maid?gone off to Rockmart
foi a week or two?gone to a houso
party, I think. That is all right, for
the cook has been faithful a long time
and needed rest. She is a good ser
vant and keeps a clean kitchen, and
we have had a house party ourselves
The. Won s Greatest,
Core 'for flal'ana - X
for all form* of Malarial poUon
n? t&ko Johnauta'n Chill and Pava*
l onk e ? t\tnt o'ftMalarlal poiaon
?J in yo jr blood meannmlaery and
I failure. Blood inMllclneu can'tonr*
Malarial poiaonlng. #Tha antidote
?* U JoHN?OW8 TONIC.
Oat a frtfle to-day.
k5?te 5? Ctiti If It
for Bcvoral months. I havo been sick,
but now wo aro reduced to the rogulur
family of live and havo but littlo to
cook and can got along on two nionls a
day. My wifo arranged it for mo to
Uro up tbo stove and 1111 up tho kettles
and griud the coffee and put on tho
hominy, and then ring the boll for
tho girls to got up and liuish up tho
breakfast. Sho said that if I felt liko
it I might s'voop out tho hall nud tho
front veranda and sottlo up the front
room.
Well", of course, I had to split up
some kindling and bring in tho stovo
wood, but I am gottiug along fairly
woll und my wifo thiuks tho uxerciso
is doing mo good. Last night she hint
ed that the vornuda was badly tracked
up siuco tho rain and neodod a good
washing. So this morning f turned
looso the hoso pipo on it and she prais
ed mo right smart, and I brought hor
somo roses from my gardon. Wo let hor
sloep uutil breakfast is roady, for she
cloans up her room aud makes up two
beds aud thon sews all day for tho
grandchildren. But 1 want that col
ored house party to break up as soon
as possiblo, for I don't hanker after
this morning business as a regular job.
Mrs. Mimms says she likes it, and 1
think sho does. Sho has a good room
in the back yard and good furniture
aud a good lamp to read by, and her
littlo grandson lives with hor, and I
don't know of any colored woman
that has a boltor time. In fact, I
know of lots of good negroes in town
who are contented with their situntion
and will continue so if they aro let
alone by the Northern fanatics and
Southern cranks.
What craze has como over that man
Sledd to causo him to write auch a fool
piece for the Boston magazine? What
good can it possib.' v do, oven if it was
truo? But it ia not truo and only tho
product of a diaeaaed imagination. I
I would writo hard thiuga about him,
but for hia family connectiona. For
their sake tie had better have smothered
hia feelinga and his pen. Tho Atlan
tic Monthly has never shown any love
for the South, and why ho should se
lect Hint as hie organ passeth conipro
henaio.i. Professor Sledd says the ne
gro is au inferior race. Thou why doos
ho insist that we give him a spaco in
our own churches aud hotols and rail
road cars?
It was tho work of tho Creator that
made him inferior, and ho will remain
so?and neither cducatiou nor mis
cegenation will ever chauge it so far j
as social equality ia concerned. Mosoa
violated the law of Cod when ho mar
ried tiiat Ethiopian woman, and ho
had to discard hor, and Aaron nnd
Miriam chided him for it long after
wards. Numbers, xii. The story goes,
according to Josephus, that tho Egyp
turns were at war with the Ethiopians
and iiad suffered defeat in every bat
tle until Pharaoh was advised that no
one could commaud hia anuy euoccaa
fully but Moses. So Mo.se? whs given
command and he marched with the
army to the borders of Ethiopia and
mot the enemy and defeated them aud
marched on to Saba, the royal city, and
attacked the walls, and Thaibio, tho
daughter of tho king, saw Moses from
tho wiudow of hor towor, nnd he waa
ao haud8ome 8ho foil desperately in
love with him and sent a mo88cnger
to him to say that if ho would marry
hor she would surrender tho city nnd
array to him.' Moses agreed to this
and their ranrriago was atonco consum
mated. Thou Moses returned with
bis victorious army to. Egypt. Ho did
uot tako with him his Ethiopian wife,
but not long after ho married Zipporuh,
the daughter of Jethro, the Midianitc.
So we must suppose that Moses mar
ried the Ethiopian princess as a war
measure and with no idea of keeping
hia promise. At any rate it caused
trouble aud shame in tho family, and
so it baa done evor since wheuevor a
white person matos with a nogro.
What a monstrous falsehood to say
that the Southern nogro is dehuman
ized, liight hero in our town every
negro mechanic is employed at good
wages. Blucksraitba, carpenters, nia
sonu, paintera, dmymcn are all busy.
Cooks, mu ses and waahorwomon lind
constant employment?and they are
not contented, but 8ometimes dare
to be merry and laugh. Whero did
Sledd get all that rot about kickiug
and cursing and beating tho negroes?
Wo never hear of Such t real men I in
this region. Mr. Milam, a truthful gen
tleman, wllOSO business keeps him on
tho street, told me tho other day that
he had heard but one. oath uttered
by anybody within a year, and that
was by a Northern man towarda a no
!;ro who naked him a civil question,
dehumanized, indeed! Ask Tribble
and Brown who givo thoir shops the
most patronage. What ridiculous
folly to domand seats in our churches
for tho negroos. They have churches of
their own that were built mninly by tho
charity of the whito folks. They don't
want seats in our churches. They havo
schools of then own that we sunnort.
and they have excursions and baseball
and walermolons and funerals and
Daughters of Zion.
Oh, for shamo on Sledd I ? I pity his
famiiy and his kindred. He thinks ho
has found a mare's nest, and for lack
of something fresh has raked up Sam
Hose again. Ho laments the lynch
Inge, but not the outragos, and hepro
poses a remedy. Mr. Sledd can set this
down that the lynchings will not stop
nntil the outrages do. When a negro
dohuraanizos himself aud becomes a
beast he oujht to bo lynched, whethor
it is Sunday or Monday. Lot the lynch
ing go on. This is tho Bontiment of
our people, and lot Boston and The
AI laut ie Monthly and Sledd howl. We
are used to that. Not long ago we
had a lynching in Rome that was to
my notion. The beast was strung up
in Broad street in tho daytime and shot
to piecos and nobody was disguised.
The iudgo lived there and I ho shoriff
and the town marshal and policemen
and a military company, and tho Gov
ernor wasn't far away, but not a soul
said nay. That suits mo exactly.
Bill Arp.
Ooy. Crane, of Massachusetts, dis
IlkoB public speaking and, though ho
is always interesting in his addresses,
he considers the necessity for thoir de
livery one of the most trying foalures
of public life.
! THK CULTIVATION OF KICK,
CciiHiiH Keport DcHcrilie? I n i<-,;i
lion Metliotln iu South Car
olina.
Tho census bullotin on agriculture
iu South Carolina has tho following
on rico culturo:
Tho beginning of irrigation iu South
Carolina was contemporaneous with
tho introduction of rico growing, tho
irrigation systems boing similar to
thoso now in uso. llico was lirst
planted in 1700, and from that litno
uutil 1801 South Caroliua ranked lirst
among tho States in its production.
Chungcd labor conditions since tho
war, and tho great oxponso of riiain
tcuauce, duo to (ho destructive dikes,
and tho total loss of crops by Hoods,
[ which aro frcquout sinco tho defores
tation of tho mountain slopes, which
operated against the growth of this in
dustry and rice culture has not made
the progress hero that it has in a fow
othor States.
liico is irrigated in South Carolina
by manipulating rivor waters through
truuks built iu tho dikos which protect
tho low marsh lands from tho rlvors
Tho delta lands arc selected with rof
oronco to tho possibility of Hooding
from tho rivers with fresh water at
high tide, aud of draining them at low
tido. Tho reclamation of these lands
necessitates tho building, parallel with
tho river, of costly dikes, capable of
resisting tho force of tho Hood tide, and
also that of tho rivor iu timo of fresh
ets. After the dikes are built, the
Hold is dividod into sections and
squares by similar banks, called
'?check" banks. These squares con
tain from 5 to 30 acres each, and iu
turn aro subdivided by ditches into
bed, usually about thlity-Hvo foci.
Wido aud oxlonding tho length of tho
square. Each of the6c squares has a
wooden trunk with a door at each end,
through which tho water is admitted
to tho field. Tho trunks tue hum 30
to 40 foot long, from 8 to 12 feet wide,
and about sixteen inches d^ep and aro
built under the dikes on a level with
tho hods of tho ditches. In Hooding
tho Hold tho outor door is raised and
the inner closed. As the tide rises
the water comes in through tho
trunk, pushes tho Held door open, and
passes through the ditches to the Held.
When the tide fulls in tho rivor, tho
pressure of the water in the Held closes
the inner swinging door against tho
muzzle of tho trunk, thus holding the
water. In drniniug tho Hold this
method is reversed, tho Hold door be
ing raised at low tide and the outor
door dropped. Tho unlimited supply
of fresh water and its perfect control by
this system of Hooding and draining,
account for the tupcrior quality of rice
for which South Carolina is famous.
Tho practice of dumping tho harbor
dredging* into the river above Savan
nah has injured the bystom of drain
ago, causing tho abandonment of a
number of rico plantations along the
Snvanuah llivor. On many planta
tions, which formerly were readily
drained at low tide, pumping is now
resorted to whon the rivers aro high, as
tho Heids can not properly bo drained.
The pumps, which are mounted on
Hats or lighters, are operated by steam
and shifted on the river from Held to
Held. Tho suction pipe is dropped
over the dike into any desired Held aud
tho water pumped into tho river.
I vice, is grown inland on low,
swampy lands, which nre Hooded from
reservoirs or small streams. Tho cul
tivation of upland wr "Providence"
rice is attempted in many of tho in
terior counties, but owing to the low
yiold and an occasional total failure
tho results are not satisfactory.
Orangeliurg County has the largos,
crop of upland rico, and in 1890 pro
duced 2,200,102 pounds, an average
yield of 309 pouuds per aero. The
irrigated crop is sure as compared with
that of tho uplands, the average yiold
per acre being much higher, aud tho
quality of rice far suporior.
Tido water irrigation is generally
practiced in Beaufort, Borkoloy, Colic
ton, Charleston, Georgetown, and
Hampton counties. In 1899 the rice
acreago of these counties, irrigated
and upland, was70.0 per cent, of the
total, while the production, 40,G5l,fi(J4
pounds, was 80.0 per cent, of tho total
rico crop of tho State. Tho avorago
yield por acre was 748 pounds. Tho
total product of all othor counties was
0,708,404 pounds, an average of 288
pounds per aero.
It is impossible to ascortain tho ox
act cost of reclaiming those delta lands.
Rice irrigation was reported on 048
plantations; tho average was 29,090,
and tho yiold, 33,407,101 pounds.
The avorago first cost por acre for
preparing rico lands for irrigation, in
clusive of cost of construction of dikes,
trunks, chock banks and ditches, is es
timated to be $28.08, aud tho systems
in use represent a total investment of
over ?851,509.
FACTS AS TO (5? I 1,1) i, a I sou.
How the ComlitlotiH in ThiH
State Have Hccn Exaggerated
by Northern Writers.
The Columbia Daily Record has re
ceived an advance sheet from The
Tradesman, Chattanooga, on the sub
ject of child labor in the cotton mills
of the South, in which this journal un
dertaken to toll tho truth about exist
ing conditions in a specific and not a
general way.
In so far as South Carolina is con
cerned it will bo no doubt a groat sur
prise to people to loam how fow child*
ren utidor twelve years of ago aro cm
ployed in tho mills. The Tradesman's
facts woro obtained this summer, when
none of tho children of mill operatives
are at school, hence their numbor in
the mills is groator at this season than
at any other.
Tho following aro some of tho facts:
Lewis W\ Parker, president, of the
Victor Manufacturing company, say's
that there are OftO operatives in the
mill, of whom there are twenty-sovon
children under twelvo years of age.
Mr. Parkor regrots that tho numbor is
unusually largo at this time, which
OABTOIIXA.
Bmm the A 11m Kind You Haw Always
is duo to tho fact that tho school
closed July 1. This mill operates a
school uiue months in tho \oar, paying
three teachera and the oxpousos of the
school generally out of iU owu fuuda.
Johu A. Law, presideut of the
Saxon mills, Spurtauburg, says hu has
275 people on his pay roll. Of these,
nine are c'iildron uuder twclvo ycarB
old, and they will bo put out as soou
as school begins, he says. Thorc is a
free bchool in the village ruuuing eight
months in the year.
Arthur T. Smith, of tho Laugloy
Manufacturing company, says thatl
mill has 000 employees at work, of
whom fourteen uro uudor twelve years
i old. This corporation runs a free
school four months of the year and the
I county live months, making nine in
all. Mr. Smith states that ovory one
of theso childron will go to school on
tho reopening.
James L. Orr, president of the
Piedmont Manufacturing compauy,
says that there aro 1,4211 namos on his
pay roll, of which fifty-six aro botwoon
tho agos of teu and twelve yenrs. All
of theso aro swoopors and jackors and
are children of small families who are
dependent upon them for a liviug.
There is not one under 10 aud only
thirteen uudor oleven. There is a
regular graded school, with a principal
and seven teachers, and running ton
months in tho yonr, and all of it is paid
for by tho company.
Ellison A. Smyth, of tho Polzer and
IMton nulls, says in tho Polzer mill
thoro aro 2,04'* operatives, of whom
twenty-six nro under twolvo years old,
and in tho llolton mill thoro aro 041
operatives, of whom thirteen nro less
than twelve years old. He says:
" At both Pelzor and Helton wo
have a contract book, which is signed
by Iho head of every family we employ,
and in which it is agree d that all
children undor twelve years of age
aro to go to schools provided by the
mills ovciy flay tho schools arc open
and ch!ldr?n ovor twelvo aro to bo em
ployed in iho mill. Our school runs
for uino or ton months aud will re
open on Iho 1st of September. I find
that during this holiday time some of
tho ehildrou under twelve years of ago
do got into tho mill to work, through
thoy are not wunted aud their employ
ment forbidden, but often the ehildrou
wnnt to work and make their wages.
Of cour80, there are special exceptions
made to our twelve year rulo in in
dividual cases, owing to the povei ty
and needs of the widowed molhor or
invalid father, or, in tho case of
orphans, to tho condition of want in
which the grandparents are found to
be."
J. I, Wostcrvelt, of the Hrandon
mills, (iieenville, says there aro 207
cm ploy ccs iu tho mill. Nine are inalos
under twelve and threo are females
under twolvo, although they are just
n few months romoved from Hint ago.
These aro more, than usual ou account
of the school being closed, which is
run ten months.
Thomas F. Talker, president of tho
Mouaghan mills, Greenville, says
there aro :?ss operatives in the mill,
of whom twenty-ihree arc under twolvo
years. Thoro is a school open for
nine months.
Pi C. Poag, superintendent of tho
Goldville Manufacturing company,
*ays there are sixty-nine operatives in
this mill, of whom eight aro under
twelve years.
lt. T. Powell, president of tho Ar
cade mills, Hock 11)11, reports that
there aro one hundred and oighty-nino
oporntives, of whom twenty arc under
twclvo years. Ho declares that there
is not a mill man in tho State who
wants to employ ehildrou under
twclvo, but it is 8omolimos dono from
kindness of heart, and sympathy.
This is tho record for South Caro
lina so far as it goes, as it shows a
surprising state of affairs whon ono
considers tho many "investigations"
made, of conditions by Northern
writers. They havo greatly exagger
ated the situation, with an object in
viow, and succcoded in arousing tho
indignation of maiiy of our own pco- <
plo who havo accepted thoir statements
as truth. According to (ho showing
madOjSays the Columbia Itcconl, there
is no need for any legislation on tho
subject in this State, for tho mill own
era thomsolvos do not want to omploy
children under twelve yoars Of ago,
and thoy do not do so except when they
bolieve they aro doing good to tho
children thomsolves and their families.
' Only ono characteristic distinguishes
tho littlo village of Strong, Me,, from
tho thousands of others that, are
scattered all over New England. That
is the peculiar industry which sorves
to support tho entire community.
Strong is famous for nothing but
toothpicks, but it is known in tho trado
as the place from which come the
majority of the toothpicks that aro
used in the United States.
Labor-saving machines introduced
in (he canning factories at Quimper,
Britany, led to a strike and ultimately
to a riot, in which the workmen march
cd to tho factories and smashod the
now appliances.
Lost Hair
"My hair came out by the hand- I
ful, and the gray hairs began to I
creep in. I tried Ayer's Hair vigor, I
and it stopped the hair from com- I
ing out and restored the color."? I
Mrs. M. D. Gray, No. Salem, Mass.
? There's a pleasure in
offering such a prepara
tion as Ayer's Hair vigor.
It gives to all who use it
such satisfaction. The
hair becomes thicker,
longer, softer, and more
glossy. And you feel so
secure in using such an
old and reliable prepara
tion. fl.H a kettle. All draift?U.
If your druggist cannot eunply yon,
fiend ue nnn dollar and we will exprt>aa
you a bottlo. IIa ?uro and ?Ivo tho mime
Of your neonat exnrnes olrU-o. Addrotta,
J.O.AYMlt CO., Lowell, Mitaw.
TUB CHAN OB IN TEXT HOOKS
The State Hoard of Education
IVIake a Statement in Juutiec
to Superintendent MeMahan.
At tho campaign meeting in Kuigo
trce on tho UHh iuat., tho most notr.
blo feat uro was tbo introduction of a
letter from (Jovornor McSweoucy,
chairman of State board of education,
relative to tho chango in text books
for the public schools. The report is
as follows :
Mr. McMahan was lirst introduced,
coming forward amid applause. Mr.
McMahan's thoughtful words on gov
ernment and education were again
heard with closest iutorest. Having
by inhoreut right, best typos of man
hood and womanhood, careful training
of children should mako South Caro
lina even more glorious in tho fuluro.
County school superintendents should
be skilled school mon, appoiutcd by
boardB elected by tho peoplo, superin
tendents to bo retained as long as their
services wore satisfactory. Applause
and live bouquots of flowers with ro
ne weil applauso.
Mr. Martin next, was reminded of a
couplet suggesting sleeping beneath tho
Uowors. Mr. Martiu saw no work more
important than school work, had work
ed in this field and his interest in this
would always be groat. Whatovor
criticisms may havo been made against
opponen' camo from conscientious mo
tives. Difforont conditions require dif.
Cerent remedies. Opposed to election
of hoard aud appoint men. of superin
tendents. Opposed to wholesale change
of bookB. Some books are good in new
ones, others should have beou retained.
Reading editorial from The State of
July 18, thought tho editor of Tho
state should attend to his own busi
uc88. Mr. Martiu was iutorrupted
with applause. Closed with cheers
aud hurrahs for Martin. *
At the conclusion of Mr. Martin's
remarks, Superintendent McMahau
asked to read a letter from Gov.
McSweeney and other mombers of the
board. Oov. McSwoenoy's lottor tj
members of Stale board reads as fol
lows :
" In view of comuicnls made in
present campaign in roferonco to adop
tion of text hooka, J deem it but justice
that we sign and acud to tho Hon. Jno.
J. McMahan tho enclosed statement of
i acts, tO bo used as he see:; tit. I have
signed one aud mailed it to him. I hope
you will t.ike tho same viow that 1 do
nnd w ill sign statement and forward it
to Mr. McMahan. (Signed)
M. It. McSwkknky.
" Cov. and Uhr. State Bd. of Edu
cation."
The letter addressed Mr. McMahan
reads a3 follows :
" In view of the unjust attacks made
upon you with reference to tho adop
tion of text hooka, it is but justice that
wo?as members of tho State board,
responsible for the changes in the text
books, come forward and make follow
ing statement:
(1) You are iu uo sonso rcaponaible
for the appointment of tho men who
made the adoption. The Governor
exercised Iiis prerogative under the
constitution and appointed the seven
members without regard to your pre
ferences.
(2) You arc not rcaponaible for the
changes mado in tho booka. You
strongly opposed tho adoption of some.
A board of nine men selected the
books by a majority vote in such
cases, and no one man could control
tho result or can havo praise or blame
for what Bwas done. All acquiesced
loyally in tho reault and to you, or
Stato superintendent of education, is
duo the credit that tho uniformity of
toxt hooka ao much to bo desired haa
become a fact and is not a dead letter.
(3) The county acbools wore in con
fusion from tho great diversity of
books that had been permitted. The
best teaching could not be done when
the teacher had to uao ouy and every
book that each pupil brought. There
fore any serious effort to improve tho
county schools necessarily involved
! great changes in toxt books. Aftor
auch changes have bceu mado and tho
people have acquiesced, it ia unfor
tunate for a candidate for tho high of
I lice of Stato superintendent of educa
tion to corao beforo tho people and try
to make them dissatislicd with tho
change that has already' bceu made,
that cannot be undone, and that alt
intelligent achool men must know ia
for tho betterment of tho work in tho
couuty schools.
(4) It i8 folao to say thore " havo
been frequent chongos." The changes
wore ordered in 11(00, to tnko place
Nov. 15, 1001 ? Tho contract forbids
any more changes beforo July 1, 1000,
and there will nrobablv bo little reason
for manv cbangoB then.
(5) Although you wero opposed to
mi mm of tho adoptions, you nccoptcd
iho result in good faith, and in tho cn
forcomont of tho uso of tho ndopted
hooka you have doue your full duty.
KegardlcBB of the opposition you
would incur, you applied yourself with
determination to having the law and
the contract carried out. It is there
fore due chiclly to your efforts Hint
South Carolina enjoys the lowest
prices and exchnngo rates."
(Signed) M. B. McSWEENEY.
In responso to the Governor's lottor,
Supt. McMnhan has received pleasant
and cordial letters on this subject from
Dr. J. I. McCain, of Erskine Colloge,
Prof. II. P. Archer, superintendent of
city schools of Charleston, and T. M.
Haysor, now State Senator from Or
angeburg?membors of tho Stato
board. Personal assurances from
three of tho four other mombors mako
Mr. McMahan confident of receiving
similar letters from them.
Among these Mr. McMahan in.
eluded Prof Cook, of Furman Univer
sity, whero Mr. Martin was educated.
Mr. Martin made vigorous responso
to this. Couldn't help it if tho Gover
nor and othors said this. Makes no
difference whore they stand. A mo
tion should havo been made to keop
some of the old books. We need a
plain country school teachor on this
board, instead of some who know no
moro about it than a lawyer does about
practicing medicine. Insists upon his
issue, regardless of what evory Gover
nor or any ono elso has to say.
OA.8TOXIIA.
Saafiuu? _ ^yglto Kind You Haw Always B?nM
8ifn*ture
?nth* >;IM*inOY0>
p?O^I)*%L powder
AbsowteiyPure
Makes the food more delicious and wholesome
_PIOYAL0AKmOPOWt>eR0O.| HEW YORK._
TUB THIRTY-FOURTH
ANNUAL STATE FAIR.
FactH About the Show to be
Held in October Next-An
nouncement by the Secretory.
Tho annual premium list of tho
thirty-fourth annual Slate fair, which
is to bo held iu Columbia begiuuing
on Tuesday morning, October 28 and
eudiug Friday, October 31, has been
issued and is being distributed by Col.
rhoa. W. Ilolloway, secretary of tho
society.
This year tho following announce
ment is made as to a commercial dis
play:
u For the best installed and most
handsomely decorated commercial ex
hibit a premium of $100 will bo paid.
Not less than 16 to exhibit. Five dol
lars for lloor space (15 feet front) from
every exhibitor. Score pointB: instal
lation 40 : decoration 00?100." This
is provided to induce the merchunts of
tho city to make displays.
All entries in all depailmonts will
close Oct 21.
Tho annual special announcement
roads as follows:
u The thirty-fourth annual South
Carolina State fair will be hold in Co
lumbia, from Tuesday, Ootobor 28th,
to Friday, October 81st, iuclusivo.
44 Entries are absolutely free, ex
cept where othorwise stated and all
premiums regularly awarded aro paid
in full. No part of tho premium
money is retained by the society on
any account or pretext whatever.
u Tho management seeks to encour
age tho exhibition of only such ani
mals and products us arc really meri
torious and aro of utility and prolit to
tho peoplo of the State. This is one
of tho groat objects of the fair and the
socioly is iminred with an ambition to
add a now zest and a new dignity to
agricul,urnlaaaud mechanical pursuits
and secure increased influence aud
greater remuneration to those engaged
in them.
44 The premium list has been care
fully revised, and the society wishes to
C. !1 attention to the inducements of
fered that will certainly attract tho
boat exhibits that can bo shown in
every class.
44 The achievement of thoStato agri
cultural and mechanical society in pro
moting the development of agriculture
and its allied industries have ncvor
boon fully appreciated by its best
friends ; its possibilities for future
usefulness in suggesting and dissemi
nating ideas that will materialize in
improved crops, live stock and farm
practice cannot be over-estimated.
*' Not unmindful of tho entertain
mont of its patrons, tho mauagemont
is eudcavoring to secure a number of
now aud novel attractions that will
both instruct ami amuso. These will
bo announced later. A 11 immoral shows
and dovices for gambling under any
form whatever will be excluded from
tho grounds of tho soeiety ; and any
person caught violating any law of the
Suite by practicing any gambling game
or device will bo immediately arrested.
?* Realizing how huge a part of the
successes of tho past exhibitions has
been owing to the work of the fair
women of the State, the society earn
estly requests exhibits iu the several
departments.
44 The largo attendance at the fair
offers a splendid inducement to manu
facturers to make elaborate displays of
their works. On all tho loading rail
roads of the State entering Columbia
excursion rates will prevail during fair
week, thus extending facilities for vis
iting tho fair to tho peoplo of overy
quarter of tho State.
44 Visitors to Columbia will find
much to entertain thorn besides the
fair. Among the pi ..cos of intorest
may be mentioned the State house,
asylum, penitentiary, cemetery, fac
tories, collcgo?, graded schools,
churches, etc.
"Every effort is mn.de by tho city to
entertain her visitors, who aro assured
that thoy will rcceivo a cordial recep
tion nnd apeud a pleasant lime. The
fair ia couducted for the bonofit of tho
public at largo, and their moral aup
port and active co-oporation are re
quested in order to make the thirty
fourth annual fahr tho grandest in the
history of tho agricultural aud mechan
ical society."
Every offort ia to bo made to mako
the fair this year a groat auccoas, and
tho people of Columbia may bo relied
upon to do their part.
Tho nutmeg tree and tho manner
of preparing tho famous nut for mar
ket aro lit lie. understood, says the
Grocer, but we givo a fow interesting
facta on tbo subject from remarks
mado by a grocer who has lately vis
ited tho East Indies aud witnessed the
handling of the nut: "The. nutmeg
troo," said the grocer, "is found in the
Hast and West indies j also in the
Philippines, Singapore nnd Mauritius
Islands. It bears all tho year round,
I but most plentifully in May and Dc- j
I comber. When ripe tho outer shell
splits open on one side ; tho pod is
removed, after which tho mace is care
fully stripped from tho inner shell.
Tho nutmegs are then dried for about
two months with artificial hoat. They
are turned evory day until dried,
when tho kernels will rattle in tho
shell. Tho shells aro then cracked
with wooden mallets. Tho imperfect
or worm-oaten ones aro cast away,
and tho good ones rubbed in slacked
Umo, to givo thorn a belter appearance
They aro roady now for sale. The
best nutmegs avorage 70 to 80 to the
pound.
OABTORIA.
Beam tiio lho Kind You Havo Always Bought
Signatur* /Jff
si
FATAL WOUND ON A TRAIN.
A Former South Carolinian
Killed in Texas Last Week.
Tho Dallas (Texas) JVcics gives tho
particulars of a deadly shooting on a
railroad train which was going to
Houston. Tho parties to tho fatal en
counter were Capt. Win. Dunovant
aud W. T. Eidredgo, who had a quar
rel previously. Eldredge got on tho
train at Eagle Eako and Dunovant took
the train at tho next station, Simonton.
As lie ontered the coach which was oc
cupied by Eldredge tho latter stood aud
tho shooting startod. Tho men wero
close together and tho fust ball took
effect. The ShorilV or Deputy of llexar
(Jouuty was near by, and when the pis
tol was pulled for the second time ho
knocked it up aud the ball went wide
of tho mark. Four other cartridges
wore discharged aud wero treated iu
tho samo way. Only ono shot took
effect. Capt. Dunovant was then struck
over tho head with tho pistol. Tho
otlicor placed Eldredge under arrest
aud started with him to Houston.
Mr. Eidredgo stated that when they
mot Capt. Dunovant attempted to"
draw his pistol and that brought tho
shooting on. On tho 10th of duly they
had a littlo trouble. At Galveston
during the State convontiou they also
had sol. c trouble.
On the arrival of tho train at Hous
ton Capt. Dunovant was taken to an
inlirinary, whore sovoral doctors made
an examination of his wounds. It was
found tbat tho wouud was very similar
to the ono that proved fatal to Presi
dent Melvinloy. It entered in front
of tho stomach and passed through his
body. He died in a few hours after
reaching Houston.
All statements agree that thoie were
no words between the men at tho tiuio
of tho shootiug. After it was over
Capt. Dunovant stood up iu tho car
for a time until a seat was prepared.
He theu sat down and later had to bo
laid down on the mattress upon which
ho was carried to Iloustou. lie was
rational after his arrival there.
Mr. Eldredgc immediately after the
shooting was taken into tho car of
Manager Miller, of the Houston and
Texas Control. Ho remained in that
car until tho tram reached Houston,
and shortly after the death of Capt.
Dunovant he was taken to jail. The
excitement in tho passenger coach was
so great just after tho shooting that
several ladies bocamo hysterical and
later were taken into Mr. Miller's
privato car.
Mr. Eldrcdgc was at ono time re
ceiver of the (Jane Holt Railroad and
was a friend of Capt. Dunovant at ono
I timo.
Capt. Dunovant was a large sugar
and rice planter near Eaglo Luke nnd
was one of the best known men in tho
I State. Do was owner of a large rice
I mill, a sugar mill and an irrigation
plant near Eagle Lake. He was a gal
lant Confederate soldier and lost one
arm in tho Confederate war. His home
was in Houston, where he lived with
his sister, Miss Adclia Dunovant , who
holds a high position in the State or
ganization of the Daughters of tho
Confederacy.
Capt. Dunovant was a nolivo of
Chester, S. C, a son of Col. A. Q.
Dunovant, a signor of tho ordinance
of secession of that State and an olliccr
on tho staff of tho Governor. His
grandfather, Dr. John Dunovant, was
for many years a State Senator and on
tho side of Capt. Dunovant's mother
the ancestry reaches back to the colon
ial days of South Carolina and to
Gaston de Foix, of France.
Capt. Dunovant was a member of
Dick Dowling Camp Confederate Vete
rans in Houston. He went from Texas
into the war. Tho deceased was re
garded as a benefactor to his race aud
a valuable citi/.en of Texas, and a pro
moter of the welfare of tho State.
His sister, Miss Dunovant, was with
him at tho infirmary up to the time of
his (Icnlh.
A Madrid correspondent douios sen
sational stories which havo been print*
ed regarding tho alleged po-vorty of
Admiral Cervera and his neglect by
tho Spanish government. He lives in
I'uorto Heal, a small town near Cadi/.,
respected by all who know him, be
yond iho range of political turmoil aud
without ambition for rohewed proiui-'
nonce. Ho receives rcgu'arly his vice
admiral's half pay, which, with his
private moans, is sullicient for his
simple necessities.
Prof. Edward S. Holden, United
States Military Academy, '90, has ac
cepted tho appoiutmont of librarian of
the United States Military Acidcmy
at West I'oint. The library now con
tains about 45,000 volumes. Congross
has provided a much iucroasod appro
priation for tho prcEcnt llscal year,
nnd it? collections aro likely to grow
I rapidly. Tho interior of tho large 11?
I brary building has lately boon romod
eled at a cost of $85,000.
The onipiro of Turkoy possesses an
extensive, system of agricultural banks
under government management, tho
purpose of which is to furnish small
loans to farmers. Tho capital is pro
vldod by a light annual tax on agri
cultural prosperity.
John Pierson, of Swodosboro, N. J,,
who wus a member of tho Now Jersoy
Senate during Prosidout Lincoln's
term, is 07 years old, and has lived in
his prosont homo for sixty-live years.
CASTOR IA
For Intents and Children.
The IM You Have Always Bought
Bears the //,/^_^'