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Tille COTTON 8'j.Kl) INDUSTltV TWKNTV Vkaus A?.<? imi SKKl) Was TJIKOWN Au\\\ - l'i\k IIl NDin l> Mn.i 3 AltK Now in Ol'hhation. special Correspondence. Now Orleans, Nov. 4, There is pro? l>al>ly ii<> great industry in America about which KD Hille is known l>y Ihc gouoral public ?s that of cotton seed. Twenty years ago cotton seed was thrown away. Today, although the business is but In Us infancy, there an more than 500 mills in the South that represent an investment of probably 825,000,000, while the value of the products of these mills is <\ cXCCSti of $50,000,000 per year. 11) olden times cotton planters looked upon the surplus seed as one of the burdens they couldn't escape. They burned Iho stull", used it lo IUI low spois in the held, paid to have it hauled away, and were glad to get rid of it. There is a tradition that the Legisla ture of Texas passed a law making it ji penal offense lo dump cotton Bccd in streams. However that may be the law is now a dead letter, for farmers are not addicted to the hal.it these days. Today Iho cotton mills of Texas arc paying from $12 lo $14 por loa for cotton seed. That would mean 80 to S7 por hale Oi COtlOll If all the seed were sold. To make one hale of COO pounds of cotton the pickers gather 1,5110 to 1 ,000 pounds of lint and seed, the seed weighing twice as much as the lint, which adheres to it. lint the planters do not sell all their seed. A small portion is retained for planting, some is kopt for stock foedlng, a con siderable quantity is wasted. The au thorities say that not one half the seed is sent lo the mil's to he crushed. MILLS IN OPERATION, A census of the cotton oil mills of America would probably show between ?00 and 000 111 operation ami a large number in course of election. From one of the most complete lists obtain able the division of mills in operation ts given as follows : Texas, 130 : Oklahoma, 7 ; Indian Territory, !> ; Arkansas, 2o ; Alabama, In ; Georgia, 08; Louisiana, 33; Mississippi, 05; North Carolina, 32; South Carolina, OOr Tennessee, 23; Florida, .">, and Vir ginia, 1. This makes a total of ft04. The American Cotton < >i! Co. con trols the largest number of mills m the South. It operates in the separate States under distinct names. In Texas it is officially known as the National Cotton Oil Co.; in Louisiana it is the Union Oil Co. : in Mississippi it is the Mississippi (lotion oil Co.; in Arkansas the Arkansas Cotton Oil Co, and in South Carolina and North Caroliun it takes the name of the Stale lo start its otllcial style. In Texas Iho Ameri can Cotton Oil Co. operates six mills, one at Houston, one at SogUitl, one at Denison, one at Toxarkana, one at Waco and one at Elcnrno. Next to the American Cotton Oil IO. in point of operation comes the Southern Cotton Oi! Co. The head* quarters of this corpoialion is at Philadelphia. Its system seems to he to divide its mills in sets of two and to have each set under one management. The Houston aud New Oilcans mills an; under one management; SO are the mills of Savannah and Atlanta; so are the mills of Little Hock and Newport, Ark. This Company in addition lo the plants named, OWUS mills at Memphis, Moutgomory and various other places in the. cotton belt. EXTENT OF Uli; UUSINKSf. The greatest cotton oil mill of the world is at Sherman, Tex. Il is Ihc property of the Sherman Oil and (Jot ton Co. 11 is not only iho largest but the oldest, and ilajproduct is the stand ard of excellence, the Sherman brand Commanding a premium wherever cotton seed products ate sold. This mill has a capacity to crush 4CO tons of seed per day. The ramifications ol the cotton seed business arc wondciful. As adjuncts lo the mills of Texas there are re flnorios, barrel factories, soap facie l ies, delinters, gins, slock pens for tin; feed ing of cattle preparatory to sending the beeves to market and a variety of other industries. Armour, Swift, Cudahy and all the great packing house people are largely interested in cotton seed mills, and use great qnanlilies of Ihc oil in the mak ing of compound lard and the many substitutes for butter. Their business in cotton seed products, however, does not compare with that of Hngland and Germany, which countries are the largest customers of thcjmills. The.cx porting of cotton seed oil and cake is now only second in importance to cot ton itself at most of the Southern ports, and an immense business is being de veloped. France and Italy are. pur chasers of cotton seed oils THE EXPORT DEMAND, In former limes France had quite an industry in making of oils from Ihc crushing of the African and Fast In dian ground nut, but cotton seed oil hits supplanted the ground nut oil and shiploads of partially refined oils go each season from Galvoston and New Orleans to Marseilles lo he ngaui rc? lined and perfected by the process so well known to the French manufac turers, To Genoa a considerable quantity of cotton seed gOCS each year, which conies hack, it is alleged, as pure olive, oil, and winch is difficult to detect from the real thing. .Texas makes more out of cotton eco''. tban tho other States. In the South Atlantic Stales, wh^'c ?'..o soil has been worn out by excessive cultivation, the meal is used in large quantities as a fertilizer. In Texas there has been no necessity for reinforcing the soil, so the entire cotton seed product is put upon the market. Statistics in regard to the cxpoits of cotton seed products arc not full. Through the port of (lulvcstou in the season of 1807-1808 (the commercial Ycr.r is from Sept. 1 to Aug. :il in the cotton world) thcro were exported 212,600 tons of cotton seed oil, cako and meal. In the season of 1808-1800 these exports reached 248,702 tons. In the season of 1800*1000 the total was 187,820 tons. The cotton crop of 1808-1800 was very short. That is the explanation of tho falling off in shipments, in tho shipments of cotton seed oil tho I soasotl of 181HM900 was Ihe largest on I record, despite Iho short crop. ()U0 ! linn ot ship brokers handled in excess ' of St0,00U barrels mostly consigned to j Rotterdam. v \i.i i: 01 Till -t i n PltOlM < T. ' In GnlvCStOO there arc live concerns in tin- cottonseed business. They are It. I . Ilellill, the (.nil I'oils Trading Co., 15. Marshall, K. II. Young and the P. Cannon Commission company, Recently Mr. ^"cmug; built a roll nory here lor Ihe preparation of cotton oil lor shipment. The American Cotton Oil company has a big plant here, but owing to some (liffeiOHCO with the rail roads it was closed and is not now in operation. The exporters report a line bushlOSS, ami a good demand. They look upon the cotton seed iuduslry as of tho greatest promise of the most womler ful possibilities and tlioy say a- mill'. VeloilS as has been its gl'OWlb in tho last iw< ntyyears the next twenty years are likely to liud it spread and minify in a larger degree. Tho oil is the most valuable product of tho crushed se ed. The avcrngo of tho Texas mills is io l(? gallons (7 1-2 pounds to the gallon) per t<>n of seed Ct'U8hcd. Hut il the oil is vain al)lr. su is every panicle <>i I he residue, the pulp milking Iho meal and cake, useful for reed stuff and fertilizer, the hulls good either for fuel or for coarse foddor, iho ashes (.1 hulls making a very rich phosphoric acid and potash fertilizer, and the refuse oil being ex cellent for soaps. The cotton oil is purely vegetable, and enteis m tin; manufacture of in numbcrahlo products, from butter lo candles and from dyes to paints ami gonornl oils. BETTER FARMING METHODS. P. J, Merriam in 'i"ri-siate farmer. It is only a question of time when better farming methods will bo forced upon the fanners of the South. The price of land in this section is bound to advance as its productive capacity and many other advantages become better know. If the present farmers retain the ownership of their farms, larger and more prolitahlo crops will have to be g-.own, or olso others will conic in and take IhoiV places, while they will he relegated to the position of wage carners. The best Intellect of our Southland has been directed toward Hie cities. Farming is looked down upon as a manual occupation beneath the. dignity of n Southern gentleman. The negro has been considered good enough i" grow cotton and corn. He did this work in aule-bellum days, and ho should do il now. The few Soulhern gentle men who tried lo continue farming un der the new regime, but with tho old methods, have seen their lands slipping from their grasp Into that of tho city capitalist with (he inevitable conclusion on their part that the. city was the place to live and make money. The old place was rented out to go lo rack and ruin, while the family moved lo town, often to live, in extremely straightened circumstances. And so the tenant class, composed mostly of negroes, has grown larger and larger in the Southern State-, un til now they compose over half Olli' farm population. Our agriculture languishes for the waul of intelligent directing; tho brains of tho South, in stead of heilig used for the production of new wealth, is applied to swapping dollars, the. changing of money from one man's pocket 10 that of another. These cily people are very enthusiast ? ic when you mention agriculture, liu thusiastic for SOtflO one else logo into it, Their heart is si ill with the soil, but they are afraid to venture on the land themselves. This simply illu strates their ignorance of what inlclli gOCt fanning can he made to pay, and what a delightfully independent lifo it is. If they arc so fortunate as to make money in the city they very often in vest in a farm near by, and hire some ignoramus i<> spend their money for them, [lore I hey exploit thcit thoorics, lOSO their money and become more than ever convinced that fanning will not pay. The want of exact knowledge of sci entific methods in fanning, both with the real and would-be tillers of the soil, is most deplorable; as is also tho scar city of opportunity for acquiring this knowledge. Our, of the encouraging signs of the times is that people arc. beginning to | recognize the fact lhat profitable farm* log cannot bo done by main strength and stupidness, and that requires a practical and scientific knowledge of the business, the same as in other call ings, in order to succeed. The neces sity lor education along this line is a recognized fact, and efforts an; being made in some States to introduce the elementary branches of agriculture in to the public schools, and laws have already been passed by the Legislatures of several States to this effect. Here tofore the whole tendency of our school and college courses have been to educate, the child away from the farm and cultivate a taste for literary, pro | fcssional or business life. Fortunately perhaps for the happi ness of the human race, the great ma jority arc compelled lo live by physical as well as mental toil, and when wo come to confront the different callings into whiuh the exercises of muscle goer., how Infinitely superior life, on the iarm appears. Hero a man is au ln? dependent being, free to exercise his mental faculties and not reduced lo a more machine like the, toilors in the city. Moreover, he must exorciso his mental faculties if he would succeed. Agriculture is calling to-day for men of brains, and the exercise of this brain force on farming is destined lo revolu tionize the industry and transform an occupation once looked down upon, in to tho most honorable and desirable of professions. To hasten this end we inusl have agricultural education not only in the country hut in the cities, so that the. hundreds now living in want in our cities may he. encouraged to venture upon the land. A larger choice of occupation is what our hoys need, and a chance to lonrn how to conduct it prolitahly. We. cry out against country hoys go ing to the city. Why not give the city hoys a chance lo go to tho country. Hundreds of thorn bavon natural iu cliuntlon in that direction. They kuow tlie i??w11 ami arc hungry for a irocr life? Many of our most successlVl tanners were once business men, and these business men embrace farm life with an cntl usiasin which the tanner seldom feels. The '.'real ditliculty in the way is the lack ol knowledge of the first principles ol' plant life and the rudimentary elements of farm prac tice, and there is little chance for them to learn. Agricultural education, lo bo effect ive, must begin in the public schools. We must excite tho youthful mind to ward an Inquiry into nature's secrets and thereby give them a leaning to ward that most natural existence a farm life. When WO do this, the Slate agricultural colleges will neyer lack for stu Ion Is. The tendency of tho country hoy to ward tho city is perfectly natural and will continue until his mind is enlisted in the work Of Iho farm, as well as his hands. Tim very en-am of our country boys, Iho ones who would make the best fanners, are the OH CS who go to town. Why? Because they are starved intellectually. They know In stinctively that their mind was given them to produce wealth us well as their muscles. Thoy are given no encour agement to exercise it on the farm,and in fact are taught to bollOVO that in tellect Is not necessary in order to farm. Their father did not use any, and he re inn med poor, consequently; If the boy would use his mind, ho must go Bonio whoro else. Who can blame him ? A 10 we not lo blame, friends?we who known heller ? I mean partially to blame. If we see where tlie trouble lies should we not exert ourselves to have it corrected and help start this movement where it must bo started? with the child in the publicaecliool? ETHICS IN FACTORY LIFE. While the rapid growth of cotton manufacturing in Iho South Iho ques tion of the relation tit' employer and employe has come to the trout, and rep resentatives of both factors in industry are earnestly socking to develop Buch relations as may conduce lo the wel fare of all. In tili- respect the South, Olitering rather tardily upon the indus trial lifo, has tho advantage of other sei lions which it enjoys in other re spects. The pitfalls have been tested, and are clearly visible lo the South. Out of the striving and stress of older industrial countries ami communities are developing conditions which will record a marked advance in human ethics. This may not appear lo the superficial observer, but it is borne in strongly upon earnest philosophical students. Of these, none is heller tilled to express an intelligent and valuable opinion than Carroll D. Wright, United Slates commissioner of labor, one. of the few statisticians of the country who study figures for what they may discover rather than for w hat they help to prove. Therefore,a paper OU the factory as an element in social lifo, which he read before the New En gland Collon Manufacturers' Associa tion at Washington will appeal strongly lO men and women who are seeking lo win the best oul of factory conditions in the South. Mr. Wright, from bis point of van tage for wide and cnicful study, makes tin point that the factory has bad an ethical value in addition to no economi cal one. Tracing the development in New England factory life, he notes the succession of Ainci leans, English, Irish, French-Canadians, Swedes and Creeks in the cotton factories as an evidence, not of degrading hllluonco, but of a bettering of the conditions of several classes ol operatives. Turning to the South, he pictures the boucllcinl ( banges in ihe condition of the poorer w hites wrought by tho opportunities for employment in iho factory, with its means for education, enlightenment and intelligent impulse not OtllOlWisC obtainable, to show thai machinery, instead of limiting skill, brutalizing the intellect or lowering the tone of morality, is really lifting men and wo men out of low into high grades of em ployment, and surrounding them with inlluenccs to intellectual activity. He recognizes that the present condition of Iho worker is not ideal, but yet that it is far BUperior to that of tho man who has 110 such chance to be a worker. Pointing to the ideal, Mr. Wright wise ly recognizes at the same time, definite, practical fads. He contends that it would be suicidal to take a purely ethi cal view at the expense ot the econo mic, and expresses tho belief that in dustry should develop on lines permit ting ethics to become a gieater force. This contention is timely, especially for the South. New circiiinslanccs not infrequently lead well-wishers for their fellows to take extreme ideal positions without recognizing that ideals, ns a rule, may only bo attained through practical means, especially in the case where human effort is directed upon industrial (lovolopinent. I'cisIstOnee in this inclination is likely to defeat its very ob ject, and to make the. last state of the class to be benefited worse than ltd first. In approaching the solution Of probloins connected with Southern industry, therefore, if will ho well for everybody to remember that Southern Industry i* In itself working to the bet terment of employes ; that in >n> era of machine revolution inequalities ami hardships are bound to appear in spite of hot efforts against them, and that there is danger fov future generations of workers in attempting to ovolution i/.e by a sudden wrench, OV u with the best intentions, the conditions of the workers, instead of permitting them to la; bettered in natural evolution under the sway <>f iho conviction that the.v should In; made as ideal us practical circumstances may permit.?Muntlfac turers* Record, Chicago now contains a greater population than all the cities of the United State? combined in 1840, and New York now has a greater popula ti a than all the cities together had in i860. The apple grows wild in the Sand wich Islands, There are forests of them, lOOSt of them neglected. OA8TO TT. T. A. . ? Boars tho _ s9 Uio Kind You Have Always Bought THE GAME LAWS OP CONGRESS AND STATE LEGISLATURES. The act of Congress approved May 25, moo, commonly known as iho l.acey A.ct, prohibits the trnusporln Iion by interstate commerce of game killed in violaliou of local laws. This act supplements existing .State lawa b\ prohibiting the shipment from one State to aUOther of birds killed in violation of local laws und by subject ing birds brought into a Stale to the same restrictions us those prescribed for birds produced within thai state, therefore, in order to observe, intelli gently the requirements of the Federal law. a knowledge of local laws is essen tial. A brief compilation of tli^sc laws is needed for the Use of shippers, transportation companies, ami "aim dealers who sometimes Dud themselves in the posiliou of iuadvt rlonlly viola ling laws with the provisions of which they are not familiar and the require* menls of winch they have no ready means of ascertaining. Ln order to meet the demand for such information, lue Division of Bio logical Surveyor the United Stales De partment Of Agliculluro Is making a compilation of such sections of the Various State laws as relate to sale and transportation, and has prepared tables showing close seasons, species pro hibited from sale and shipment, and requirements in regard to nonresident licenses. As it will he several weeks before the bulletin which is to contain this information will bo ready lor distri bution, a circular containing the tables o! close seasons, shipment and sale, and other information on the sub ject has been prepared and is now ready for distribution. In the circular the violations of law bused on the killing oi game are grouped under Ihe three heads?man ner of capture, time or capture, and object of capture. I nder the first head are included prohibitions against pursuiug deer with hounds, UOlliug quail, killing birds before sunrise or alter sunset, killing wild fowl with swivel guns or pursuing them with Steam or naphtha launches, and similar regulations. Under the second head are close seasons, absolute protection (a- in the case of insectivorous birds), protection for terms of years, and re gulations against killing birds on cer tain days of the week. Provisions which make it unlawful to kill big game for hides, to capture birds for sale, or to ship game beyond the limits of the county or State arc given under the third head. Those sections of the Lacoy Act re lating to the sale and transportation of game are printed in full for the in formation of shippers and dealers. Although no question in game pro lection i-> more important than that of seasons during which birds and animals shall be protected, theie is none in which State, game laws show greater diversity and none in which liny are more subject to change. Even the laws of ndjoiulng States show little uniformity in this respect, and in some Slates changes in game seasons are made at neai ly every legislative session. This lack of uniformity orten defeats tho purpose Of provisions intended to allow game opportunity to recuperate. An attempt is made in the circular to bring together in one table all the close seasons for game, prescribed by the varioos Slate laws and also those prescribed under the special county laws of Maryland ami Tennessee. ? uniform method has been used m the arrangement Ol species and statement of seasons. Big game is tlrsl consider ed; then follow squirrels and rabbits; then upland game birds, SUCll as quail, grouse, pheasants, turkeys, and doves; then shore birds; and finally water fowl, such as ducks, geese, and swans. In the statement of seasons only (lose seasons art; given, but the statements are so arranged that the open seasons may be determined by simply reversing the order of dates. There are also tables showing tho kinds of game the export of which is prohibited by Slate laws, and the kinds of game the sale of which is prohibited by various States. The circular is No .'il of the Division of Biological Survey and is entitled " Information Concerning < iamo: Seasons, Shipments, and Sales." It was prepared by Dr. T. S. Palmer and Mr II. VV. Odds, Assistants in the Biological Survey. -? ? mm- 1 The report comes from Germany that many Confederate 810 bills have been passed there recently as Uncle Sum's promises lo pay. A protracted drought may not be expected next year, but the farmer who depends upon deep plowing to aid Ins crops in standing a drought need not be uneasy, and the farmer who is planning to make food crops will not miss it in any event. Cotton at eight cents will pay handsomely when the bain is full of food for man and beast. Il does not pay to raise any crop where the necessaries of life have lo be bought for the farm. A Goorgin newspaper advises the (armors In its vicinity as follows . " (Jet your wheat in the ground and get in shape lo live, good times or had times. The wide-awake fanner who makes his Hour, meal, syrup and po tatoes never knows when hard times come. If meat goes high, lie has it to sell instead of buy ; if llour goes up he is all right, and so it is all the way through. lie is all right, don't euro which way the wind blows, and we can't see why all the farmers don't do this way." The treasurer of the United States, in submitting his annual report to the secretary of the treasury, says the growth and prosperity of the country and the general activity in business are rodcolcd in the transactions of Ins OfflCOa The ordinary revenues of the government for the fiscal year are #000,^10,802, the largest in the his tory of the country. The increase of over ??l,2*0,000 was contributed from all general sources, hut principally from customs and Internal revenue. There was a net decrease of expendi tures of $117,1108,:i8S, converting the deficiency of last year of ?80,000,000 into a surplus of 87!?,000,000. ?AQTOI1IA. dean the lnB Kind You Haw Always Boujjil a oui; AT HE V I V A I. N I: IS1 > I; I) o \ THE FARMS. Inventors and manufacturers of farm implements are oxcrcisiug their ingenuity in making Inbor-savlug im plements and machines for farmers. Their advertisements ate very aitrac llvo ami Ibo pictures of many of Ihe riding plows, harrows und machines indicate Unit preparation of die eoil ami the making ami the huivcatillg ol a crop is only a lug picnic that lasts most of the year. The wise laruioi will carefully consider what implements are best suited to his lands and then buy lllCUl and let the others go. Those who have been reading The Spartan lately are bound to couclude that thorough preparation of the laud is about three-fourths of the work necessary to make a crop. That pre paration Should begin as soon as the small grain has been sown. The turn ing of the land at this season, or any season of the year may do good and it may not. If there is nothing to turn under it tun* cause certain soils to run together ami got very hard during the wintor. The object in plowing clcau lands is to doopon tho soil and prepare tin; sin lace toe the seed. All the laud of this Piedmont section needs Bub boiling. That should he done by do grocs. With our shallow soils, three to live inches deep] two inches of the clay is about enough to break and mix With the lop soil at one time. The deeper the top soil, the more clay may be lifted up. Hear in mind that this clay should be brought vei \ sparingly lo the surface. There it is apt to har den into clods. The simplest way to subsoil land is to use a twister, or bail shovel, ami follow with a small tonguo plow, with a Hal set on a fool that is set back pretty straight. That lakes two hands and two horses, but the work when well done is quite satisfactory. If weeds or any other growth are very rank, a tWO-horse turn plow may bo used, to be followed by the subsoil plow. That also will be highly satisfactory. l>y that plan tho soil is turned in on the clav and before the next year thai clay has been changed into good, productive soil, and its phosphoric acid and potash made avail able. All this work requires the plow man to walk. All the power of the animals is directed i<> the preparation of the soil and not lo the hauling of a heavy man and a heavy machine. A bellt r plan tor clean land, or that with an ordinary covering of weeds, grass or pea vines, is to use a two hoi'SO subsoil plow. Their construction is simple and (here are no wheels, lev ers and cranks to gi t out of order. One man and two good horses will hurst up two to four inches of clay and mix it somewhat with the top soil Without disturbing the surface. II that plow is used in thtl fall, or during January, the weeds and gia^s on the surface will serve as a mulch and keep the clay lands from baking After the rains have pcnotralcd the eoil and the freezes have done their work and the time for planting ap proaches, put in the cutaway harrow, .lust a day or two before planting bar row again. Then you will have a seed bed that will give you great pleasure in planting and cultivating and greater joy when the harvest lime come-. Now if you have no cutaway harrow and do not feel able to buy one, take Mr. Newman's ad Vice, and go to the woods, get the fork of a lu e, square it down, bore holes, put in ten-inch teeth and go to work with it. Properly weighted, that will pulverize the soil I four inches (loop and put it in line con dition. Studi preparation as this re quires that the plowman ami his team be at work during all the good weather of December, January and Pcbtunry. The reports of some of (he farmers who Sttbsoiled their land last winter show that crops on stub Holds were green ami lloillislbng while they were parched up on others. During a wcl spell the water goes down into the soil ami Ihe top dries off rapidly. S.) Sllbsoll ing is better both for dry and wcl weath er. This breaking of the clay and deep ening of the soil increases Ihe plan! food by making the potash and phosphoric acid available which is stored up in I most of our clavs. We know tins subsoiHng is slow work, but w hen once done, it docs not have lo be done again. The breaking of iho lll'ftl Of top layer of clay is the hardest work. Anyone who ever dug a hole in the ground knows thai the first two or three inches of clay is hard er than it is deeper down. The scrap ing of plows and trumping of animals may cause that. If that Imt'dpnu is thoroughly broken the water will then easily penetrate Iho underlying slialuin of clay and the roots will follow. With such preparation our ordinary rolling lands will never wash except when a waterspout comes. One may do uwny with many of the, terraces which dis figure the lands and afford beds for raising seeds of hurtful weeds and glasses. The cost of the implements lor lids work is light. With the forkod?(roe harrow the farmer will have to buy nothing at all, OXCOpt his ordinary plows slocks. If he wishes to use a suhsoilcr, IWO-horsO (urn plow and cut away harrow, the cost would he $32 to ?.'50, but they would last for years and require only a small outlay for plow points. We beg our farmer roadeis to consider the absolute necessity for the thorough preparation of the soil. Pall in with the march of progress at once. Early converts alwayt make the. best Workers in any good cause. A soiontiQc authority ?lato? that by Baluraling a hullct with vaseline its (light may bo easily followed with I lie eye from the time it leaves tho gun and It strikes tho target. Tho course : of the bullet is marked by a ring of smoke, caused by the vaseline being ignited on leaving (he muzzle of gun. A strange thing was witnessed at, | Wayncsboro, Pa,, when two graves were opened in a cemetery. The collins were nearly half tilled with corn and wheat, and the secret ot how the cereals got into the collins was un earthed upon the discovery that a ground hog hud burrowed into the graves. The grain was deposited thero by tho industrious animal for its winter rations. One of the collins was partly Oiled with dirt. VIIK STATUS OF THK SOUTH. WHAT THK UKXSU8 ITUUIIKS SHOW THIS - I ? riON CONTAINS I'UHKST AMI.l.h \ S Vi '< K l N 1 Ii K 0 IIOI.I < O?NTJ1Y, in ii gouornl survoyof Ihc iucrunso in the population of iho United States as rovuulod by the figures df the twolfth oeusus, the South has occasion for soll cougi alulal Ion. A t llrsl glance the rea son lor ibis .nay not be apparent, bui according to an analysis made by the Manufacturers* Hecurd it is neverthe less a fuel. The population of the United Status increased bolwoou 1890 and 1000 by 20.00 per cent.,or 13.225, 104. The population of I 111) South in creased 3,950,'I'22, or 20.15 per cent, This percentage was somewhat below thai of the \vh de COUIltry, bin vel in advance of what may he regarded as other typical groups of Stales. The increase in New England, 801,107, was but 18.05 per cent., in the nine middle Stales sllotcllillg from the At lantic to the Mississippi ii was 5,280, 057, or 20.01 per cent., and in Ihreo States across tin Mississippi, Missouri, Iowa and Minucsola, it was 1,217,135, or 20.0c per cent. Commenting on this iho Manufacturers'Uccord sass: " There figures -ln>w that tin in crouso lu population which made t he total percentage <>i incrcuso l:i tho couutry slightly muri- than the per centage Of inciease ill ihe South, took place in that part of the COUOtly which 'contains h-s than 12 pOI COilt. of the population, in spite of tho halting ol Kansas and Nebraska and tho actual decline in population in .Nevada. The enormous increase ol mote than 330, dud in Oklahoma, of more than 200,000 ill Indian Territory and of more than 00,000 in Arizona arc cities to the story of the Increase in what may bo called the newer portions ol the coun try, (Joining to tho special ligures in the South, it is noticeable that Texas leads tho older portions ot ihe country in the percentage ol the increase; that its actual Increase of 81.'1,305 is but 77,802 le-s than the actual increase in ihe whole of New Kllglaud, where Maine. New Hampshire aud Vermont stood still, and where Massachusetts'' increase was 03 per cent., or the total increase m that section, and that T\ xas, Florida, West Virginia and Louisiana led in the. percentage of increase in the Southern Stales, though Alabama, Georgia and Mississippi stood out well among the States, making large actual increases, while tho variations ol per centages of increase among tho South ern Stales were not unlike those such as New Jersey, 30 percent.; Ohio. 13 per cent.; Pennsylvania, 10 per cent.: Delaware, 1) per cent.: Indiana 1 I per ccnl.; Iowa, 17 per Cent.; mid Minne sota, .'II per cent., in oilier portions id the couutry. *? In consideriug Iho increase in the South in comparison with those else whoro, howovor, one or two roots must be borne in mind, outside <>i Texas, Louisiana, Florida and perhaps W'esl Virginia and Maryland tin- South's population bus been little intlucncod by the Immigration of rorcignors. The So,uh today, ami notably those portions of the South showing the smaller per* coinages of Increase, contain iho purest American stock in Iho country. It contain*, also, llio bulk of Iho negro population, which, increasing h s> rap idly than the whiles, tends 10 reduce the total occontago of increase, There are many indications, however, that that populnli >n is inclined to drifl be yond the limits ol (lie South, both in a Northerly direction and al?O toward the Southwest, its place being gradu ally taken by Americans who have tried the middle W ist and Northwest, and who now seek homes in Virginia, Georgia, Tennessee. Alabama, Mrs issippi, Louisiana, Texas, and other Southern States. Th. se new citizens of the South are largely of iho agricul tural ilass. They are bringing new ideas and new methods with them, and from Ibcni may bo expected to spring additions to tho native-born Southern Ol'S Who have set to work lo develop Southern industries. Tin- sloughing oil of the undesirable portions of the Smith's population and (ho (\(l(Ulioil of thrifty Americans from other portions of iho country may bo expected to continue indefinitely ami to increase much more rapidly in the future, now that the Southward tiend ol population is so pronounced throughout the North and the Northwest.'1 WHY DR. HATHAWAY CURES. Reasona for His Marvelon? Success? His NOW. Free; Hook. Dr. flnthawny's method of treatment Isnooxporl meat, it Is tiic resell of twenty years ot e\|>eri cure in tin> most exten? sive pi aclien of any specialist in his line in the world. Ilowasttrnd uated from one <>i tlic Pest medical coIIcrcs in the country and poi feet e<l his medical tuid surah cal oducatioii by ox ton sivo hospital prnctlco. I Karly in his professional career he inndo discov ei los w hlch placed him nt tliu iie.nl ni his profos? I sinn as a specialist in treating w hat are generally known as private dlsoascsol nion nod women, this system of treatment lie lias more and inure perfectedcncli yeai until lud?) ins eurosnroso invariable as to ho tue maivel ol the medical profession. Knjoylnu IholnrRost practlcoof any specialist in Ilm world in- Mill maintains a system o( nomi nal f< os w in' ii muk?s it posslblo fur nil lo obtain his services. Dr. Ilntliaway treats and cares Loss of vitality, Vnrlcocolo, stiii luroi Blond Poisoning in Its dif ferent BtflROSi Ithcumatlsm, Weak hack, Morv? onsnnss, ail manner ol Urinary Complaints, t'i? ers. Son's mill skin Diseases, llrlohts IMsoaso mid all forms ol Klilnoy Troubles, Mis treatment for undortonetl mon restores lest vltnlity and makes the pntlontft strong, well, vigorous mini. Dr. Ilatliaway's success in 11?- - treatment of Varleocolo and Btrlcturo without tlio aid of knife Or cautery Is pllPnomOllftl. Tlie pfttlOItt Is trofttod i?y this mottiod at ins own homo w Ithout pain 01 loss of time from uuslnesn, Till.? Is positiv* i> tin only t rcntmnnt irlilcli eures wltlioulnn operation, in. Ilattiaway calls tlio particular altontlonoi RtifTorors from \';u Icocolo ami Stricture to page 27,28,20, 80 nnd 31 Ol Iiis new book, entitled, "Manliness, Vigor, lloaltli," a copy of which will bo sent free on application. Write today for free liook and .symptom blank, montlooloK your complaint. J. NEWTON HATHAWAY, At. D. Or. Iliitliiiuny & Co., B2K8oniti BroadHtremt, A t lnuta, O?. UKNTio.VTius PAPBH wur.N WIUTINO. ROYAL The Absolutely Bure] Baling-Powder is the baking powder of general use. its sale exceeding that of all other baking powders combined. Royal Baking Powder has not its counterpart at home or abroad. Its qualities, which make the bread more healthful and the cake ot finer appearance and flavor, are peculiar to itseli ami are not: constituent in other leavening agents. nrc.it c(Tiiits ans milde to sell alum baking powders tmdci the pica that they arc so many cents n pound cheaper than Royal. Theadmls? ?. mi tii it they arc eheapci made Is an admis sion that lltoy arc Inferior. But alum pow. dcis rontaiu .1 corrosive |?olson and should] aoi b'. u.,'1 in tuuU, nv malUf hvw ?iiap. ROY At OAKINQ POWDErt CO., 100 WILL'AM ST., NEW YORK. WHY NO T MAKE GOOD KOAPS ? There is no topic of public interest that should command more alien lion Iron the tanners than Ihc improve ment ot ?an counliy roads. Thoy can heller alYurd t<? devote weeks' and months to the study of this subject, and to spend money in tho accomplish* muni of ii< object, than to dovutu an equal amount of lime and money to any other purpose PllVO the improve ment of their farms. And we no not know of any other work in which the fanners can engage which would lend mure certainly to the bottormenl of their latins limn good roads to their market lowus, ror an easy driveway with loaded wagons would he an in ducement for the farmers to raise such ?ropa a> will pay if only a short time is occupied in transporting Ihom to n neighboring town. With had roads there is often mote time consumed in going to town than tho majority of farmers can afford, though it is surpris ing llOW often some of them are seen on the streets, especially upon public occasions like saluaday and court week when they have no! a particle of busi ness to transact. A tanner was in Tin Cotton I'i.ani olllce n few days ago i\ ho 9 ild he had not bcou to town in more than a yoill', because Im had work to do at home and was not nc< (led here for any purpose. A whole day is unnecessary with many who live ouly ten or twelve miles from the county seat, and with IllSt.clasS roads they could get hack home for dinner, in stead of idling away the entire day and missing a meal altogether. There is hardly ailj pointol View that the farm ers (ire ma heavily taxed for the lack of go,>d roads. It is a world of llOllblo ti> change habits and CUStuins that arc hoary willi ago. Ollf ancestors laid out many of tlic roads now traveled in ovory county, and in a groai many instances they were guided by other considerations than oaso and facility in goin^ from one place to another. Within a few mile- ot this city there is a public toad which has beeil in use tor mote than a hundred years, and until three or four years ago, at a small Cl'OOk, then were i hills on either side of the creek which i were a burden to man and beast for nearly a mile. This infliction upon patience and horscdlcsh continued to exist until a road supervisor changed the highway, and now the horses trot the entire mile over an easy made, which might have been the case a cen tury ago. South Carolina has no deiinite sys tem ol' roads or load.making. Each county regulates Ibis matter lor Usolf, and this is the right thing to do, lull each county ought to be actively at work in bettering its public roads. In the low-country a inixtuie of sale and clay makes an almost perfect road. Which is easily repaired and not hard I to keep in excellent condition. In the up-country tin- USU of macadam is nec OSSni') here ami there, hut this is not essential to good roads except where rock work cannot he avoided, but the rock is plentiful and con vict labor is not cxpensh e. Whatevi i s\ stem i> needed I can be sell led by every county for it self, but we niuM insist that it is all important for iho work to bo d ne. Saluda County has started t?> work in 1 the. right way to improve its roads, and we do not know of any county whcie Iho werk is move (linfcllll. A good roads Convention has been held, ami the meeting, as reported in the ^nitida Sculinel, was compo. cd entirely of ropro8culalivocitizens nf the county who manifested a practical knowledge ] of the subject and discussed the matter in a sensible, homelike wny. "It was very distinctly stated that they could never have good roads until the people were willing 10 pay tor them. The people must (lrsi understand that good roads cost money, that stich mone^ would bo well invested, and ill d g.I i roads nay in all countries. Until the I taxpayers realize this ami make Up their minds to stuml the expense Doth j lug in the way of actual good road making can bo done. The convention proceeded to organize for this work by appointing threocitizens in each town* ship to formulate plans, which aio to be submitted to another general meet I lug in December." This example of I .'-aluia ought lobe imitated throughout [ il><- Suite, au.I with the incoming of the new century wo should have a good mads revival, which would confer last ing bcuelit upon all classes, but the fanners would reap the greatest share of iho blessings to come, for llioy use Ihe public roads to alar irrealer extent than any other class of our population. _?Cotton Plant. r.\\ WE KAISE EGYPTIAN i (< rrroN ? The growing importance of Egyptian cotton in iho market makes pertinent Iho question ns to whether wo can raise it or mit, It is shown by Mr. Lyster II. DeWOy that this COtlOll is derived mole or less directly from American Sea l-laiid '.oltoii. This origin is in dicated i>\ its close resemblance to Sea Island in habit of growth and in gen eral dun o-t. The Hut is character ized by ih strength, softness, luster, I elasticity, and ohv roolilig. It is espe cially adapted for the production of line qualities of knit goods and also for the manufacture ol mercerized goods 11 js grown In Egypt in the Nile delta region and exclusively under irrigation. The air where it grows is drier than 'that of the Arizona desert, and it ran ly rains from the time the cotton is up In March until the lint is all pick ed in November. The soils theto do not lack fertility, bill they -ire often 'alkaline. The demand for Egyptian cotton i- increasing both in this coun try and :u Europe. With an increas ing demand and a limited supply both planters and spinner are interested in Us production in this country. Mi. Dowoy noil's iho expeiiuu ; conducted in tin: cultivation of 1 tiau coll on in Iho Southern Slates Bood Imported by the departmc ' of iigricullurc. lie says : ? Seed has been imported by t* port men! ami distributed loi i itilTcrent limes during the peal ? I years, ami while the results have often Keen rather discouraging, there seem to in ralhci ample grounds for hope of success, The experiments in hybri dization and continued selection tire pro lucillg very proiliiziug results. Ill order to establish the cultivation of Egyptian cotton in this country it is desirable to have varieties that will yield more than the plants that have been tried, lo have larger bolls, and a more compact habit of plant lo facili tate picking, and lo use > roller gin for Separating the hut from tue seed. "There can be no doubt but that continued experiment Will produce a similar cotton. In fact, one of the fea tures of cotton production hereafter must be in line of specialties. It is one of the lew crops in the world Which is tumbled on the world in a heap, with but little regard to the assortment suggested by the different families of seed." '. News comes from Danish West In dus ihal n specios <>f grasshopper, hitherto unknown in the. island, has made its nppearaoce in st. Croix, and the planter- complain <>t the damage done to the cane, ll is feared it is similar to that which made its appear ance some time ago In Cuba and was supposed to have boon brought ovor In hay imported from the Lulled States. The alfalfa plant or lucern has been cultivated for centuries. In cool, moist i limalcs it makes toots only four or live feet In length, but from long cultivation in arid sections ii has de veloped the habit of sending its roots I twenty to thirty feet in search of mois ture. In dry climates the. plants will live for fifty years, whereas it will run out in a ?piarter of that time in u moist climate. ?. It would he very strange if the farm ers of South Carolina did not sec tho wisdom of devoting a large acreage to food crops ami reducing tho cotton acreage, n policy that has boon vindi cated by actual results in this year of I gr ice. The reduction of ihe cot ton I crop in one way and another has resur ? reeled cotton I. live cents, and it ' ought not to bo ne e. sary for any per | suasion to make farmers adhere to ibis policy. j