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?!)c Caurens 3&uertisrx PUBLISH KU KV Kit Y TUKSDAYJ MUBOKIPTfON ?l.ftO l>Un YKAIC RAISING TSA I* AMERICA-' DR. BHKPrVKD'M EXPERIMENTS IN SOI Til CAROLINA. The Ou. Nt ion of Profit? Not Settled - KnottM to KUttablUli the Now ln tliiHtry In the South. The proposition baa been maintained that tea could be produced in America, and recent experiment* seem to prove it, say* the New York Sun. For many year* it waa not supposed that tea could be grown successfully in India, but since I?"jI It haa been demou trated tluJYlndian tea Ih not only {food,JjuW??o that it is a strong rival n tl)* marW-'t,) of the world of Chinese tea. Tho cllmute in the States South of New Kngland correspond* very closoly with that of the Indian teu regions, and thl* is especially true of the section about Charleston, S. C, whore the only peraistout effort to, grow tea in the United States haa been made. The animal rainfall is a little less than in either Japan or Ceylon, and tho oxtremes of heat and cold are greater, but otherwise the conditions are very si mi liar. Tea plants have been grown in a desultory fashion for a .groat many years in vurlous part* uf the South, and some of them may be sees half wild to-day in the overgrown gardens of the white planters, where a little tea 1* raised tu a rude and ignorant manner. Some Southern planters im ported tea plant* long before the war, and their effort* to introduce the new crop were paralyzed by tho war. The impoveriuhed planter* neglected the wardens alter ward, but tho tea plant* flourished in a way, yielding crops of doubtful quality. One of theeo early tea gardens were planted in 18(10 by a Mr. Smith wa? Fayetteville, N. C, aud for a time it flourished. A recout , visit to tho place showed tho neglect Into which the tea plants bavo fallen, though good tea is still made on the place by tho widow of the original planter. For over twenty-five years the plants havo had to struggle for ex istence among brlors, wild shrubs and pines, but they have held their own so bravely that they, are the, moBt con spicuous growths ir. toe garden. Tho plant* are now really young troes, and they produce annually a crop of tea that has beon pronounced worth fully $1 a pound by the cargo. One would uever suspect the presence of a toa garden In such a uogloeted place, and Ih necessary to push one's way brambles, bushcB and young l. "iach tho garden proper. This i* at. ration of how tea has been grown *.. . to South. ? When t?e.n. LeDuo was made com Isslonor of agTTouUuro In 1878"ho. bo ame interested in the private expon ents of tea culture and after studying tho question he started public ex periments with the plants in tho hope of introducing a new crop for farmers iu tho South. Ho wont out of office before ho could complete tho experi ments, and the tea gardens which he caused to be planted at Summerville, S. C, were abandoned, to grow up in wild thickets. After this individual:, again made experiments, and in 1892 some tea was raised, cured and sold at a profit. Tho first crop amounted to u trifle less than lot) pounds and judges pronounced it of high quality. The successful experiment* wer.; carried on by Dr. Churles U. Shepard. At his place, Plnehurst, ho has six tea gardens, of an acre each, which have bees planted with choice tea seed ob tained from various quarter*. After boglnnlng hi* experiments ho bought a part ef the great Nuvington planta tion and leased the toa garden* at Summerville, whore tho government v.nerimonts wore made, with the privilege of removing tho trees and plants it he desired.1 He also secured new choice *oed from' abroad and started a small nursery e>f tea plauts. The heeds were obtained ,from China, Japan and else where, and were plant ed upon different soils and with dif ferent exposures. KxperimctUs with young plants from tho nurfgery are being conducted by him in this way to-day. Gardens covering full ten more acre* aro in course of prepura tlon now, with seeds brought from Ceylon and the Himalayas and othei tea sections of the Orient. The ton from tho old government plant* proved of excellent quality, but his ohief hopes art based upon tho plants raised from his own soleeted aoed. The North Carolina experiment station "at Raleigh has since mndo experi ment* with tho tea plants. At Old Point Comfort and on the Delaware and Maryland peninsula tho hard winters have injured tho plants to such an extent that it does not pay to eultlvate them for tho market crop, but In the pinny woods country south of lialeigh the ell mate and aoil appear to be eminently adapted to the culture of tea. The actual results and possibilities of toa culturo in the South have heen summarized by Dr. Shepard, who says .that the plant* can be grbwn sue cessfully here, either from boed or cuttings. His crop of 1S92, under high cultivation, proved equal to any of tho Indian gardens. Owing to the cheapness of Asiatic labor employed in picking the tea, tho cheap grades cannot be grown successfully in tho United States, but the higher grades, which are obtained only from the {oung leaves, can bo cultivated satls actorlly. Tho first crop of tea picked at Plnehurst was of the Assam hybrid leaf, aad tWfe is well adapted to the manufacture of black tea. The Chi nese and Japanese plants in Dr. Shepard'* gardens are about to yield a crop and efforts will bo mado to pro duce from the ;,o green and oolong tea* similar to those imported. Ho says that tho gardens aro too young yet for him to make positive statement* us to the question of profits iu growing tea, but he think* that tho substitution of maehinory for bund-work in picking and curing tho leaf will make it pos sible to compete successfully with the cheap labor of tho Kust. Tho outlook ?for successful tea culture in the South lfKnow good, ho think*. The chief drawback is that a largo expenditure is required to get tho garden* into paying'dvdor. The cost and Hkill of Southern labor are important factors that will largely determine the result of the new enterprise. So far the experiment)* show that the leaf grown in the Carolinas i* better for black than for greeu toa. The cost of picking with Southern labor is about 25 cents per pound of cured tea, hut when done on a largo scale and with recent improvement*, this cost ought to be groatly reduced. American ingenuity will probably supply cheaper and better mothod* of picking and curing the tea should the crop prove a commercial success, and Mr. Jackson, who had ehargo of the Summerville plantation under Gen. LoDuc and who 1* an expert tea grower from Assam, think* that ho can make tea more cheaply with tho negro laborer* of tho South than with doolie labor in India. The formor, while getting higher wages, work longer, Tauter and are to be rolled upon butter than coolie labor. Piuohurst is situated about tw< aty gve miles from Charleston, and being only about seventy foot higher In ele vation it enjoys about the same clima tic condition*. The mean annual oil-' mate of Charleston is nearly the samo I as the upper stations of Coylon and Is warmer than the portions of Japan where tho tea gardens aro located. The tea leaf raised in Japan is better adopted for the manufacture of green teas and Coylon and India are remark able for growing large crops of stron f tea. Many of those teas are not eu joyed In this country, and the more delicate, lighter leaves, auch as are grown in Pmehurst, rh' preferred to those imported. Mmij of i .10 Japanese teas are prepared fur tho ui^raet in < the meet artistic mauner and the pro cess of curing is conducted wiih (he greatest care. Both" varliles of tn? teas possess peculiar aud delicate favor* aud considerable .-kill 1m in quired in Ouriug aud packing the leaves so as not to destroy or lose tho flavor. The Japanese aro uotod for ueatuess and artistic skill in prepar ing these teas fer the marken, aud probablv as much depends upou this skilled labor as upou the plants them selves. .... At Plnehurst the delicate, highly flavored and expensive teas that are peculiarly adapted to the needs <vf the American market have alone been raised. The Assam hybrids have been plaited chiefly, although experiments are being made with the seeds of many other kinds. Originally ?11 tea plants came from those growing in Assam, and the many changes that have since occurred iu the nature of the plants have been brought ubout ?y a thousand years of cultivation in other parte of the world. Tho two ex tremes of the plants are to be ueoa in the true Assam and the Chinese stunted tea growths. The latter rare ly grow more than three feet in height, with leaves three inches long and one . inch wide. They yield annually throe or four crops. The vigorous Assam plants, on the countrary, attain a height of thirty and thirty-five feet In tho moist jungles when not pruned, and have leaves sevon and eight Inches long and three inches broad. They often yield twenty-live crops of young leaves lu one season. In the cultivated and pruned state those plants are enormous compared with the stunted Chiuwse growths. In China the plants have deteriorated from neglect or starvation, while the el imate has hail much to do In re ducing their size and productiveness. At Plnehurst the Chinese varitles have been greatly Improved by cul tivation, and they have produced bet ter tea than in China. Tho truo Assam is hard to cultivate outside of a small part of British India. Be tween these two extremes of the toa plants there are many varieties that have been produced by hybridization and these so-called Assam hybrids represent every modification of tho two pareut stocks. Many of them uro considered an improvenioat over the ! true Assam varloty, and tome of them are cultivated in all parts of the tea growing world. *They represent the broad and narrow leaf and gradual modifications between tho two. If two gardens are elose together the varieties are apt to run together and perform hybridization of themselves. In order to obtalu true plants it is necessary to got seed thut has been separated from all other varieties of tea plants By raising plants from ] cuttings the difficulty is settled in the easiest way, and this is a favorite manner of starting now gardens. EUUENK FIKId> I? l)HAI>. A Brilliant Prose Writer, a Chuiinlnjc Poet nnd Droll Humorisr. Kugene Fiold, tho poet, journalist and story writer, died suddenly at his home in Chicago on the Ith inst., of heart failure. He loaves a widow and live children, two sons and three daughters. Mr. Piold was born in St. Louis forty-live years ago. His father was a lawyer, and, a good o.ie, too. The father, RosWCll Field, was one of tho counsel for Dred Scott in the famous slavo caso. Bugeue's mother came from one of the old families that crossed to this country Iu tho May flower, or about that time. The mother dying when Kugene was seven years old, he was placed in the earo of a cousin, Mary Field French, at Am tierst, Mass. This cousin was devoted ' to tho bright boy and he never forgot her tenderly, motherly earo for him. He was educated at the University of Missouri. Then he went abroad for six months'travel. In 1873, two years after returning from his Kuropeun trip, ho married Miss Julia S. Com* stock, of St. Joseph. The same year he became a reporter on The St. Louis F.venlug Journal, and before ho hud been there a year he was made city i editor. From 1870 to 1880 he was an editorial writer on tho Times-Journal i of St. Louis, und from there ho wont ? to The Kansas City Times as muuaging i editor, in IK81 he went to Denver as ? cditoi-of Ttie Times of that city. Field , had before this mudo a reputation as a i brilliant and versatile writer, espe i chilly strong as a feuilletonist, as tho French would say. He had a droll humor, and more than that, a keen i wit. He wrote much delicate verse, hut his passion for innocent practical jokes extended his reputation almost i ?s much as his literary work. In 1883 he accepted a position on The Chicago i News and then ho started that column i known as "'Sharps and Flats?a col umn which has contained more de lightful writing than any other In any paper in America in the past cloven or twelve years. The your 1880-1800 he spent with his family in Kurope and it was a happy tinio for him. Field loved books and quaint old hooks ho adored. He was a judicious collector, and his home was a treasure house of curious volumes of forgotten loro. One of his pets was an ax presented to him by Mr. Gladstone. It was one with which tho, old statesman had cut dowu a tree at Hrtwarden, for Field had expressed a wish for one which Mr. Gladstone had used. t Mr. Field leaves several small vol umes. Tho best known of those are "A Kittle Book of Western Verse," and "Little .Book of Profitable Tales." His verses for and about children aro touching. "Little Boy Blue" is one of the very best known. And who does not remember "A Littlo Peaoh of Ki.icraU) Huo." Every newspaper worker in this country hail a warm place in his heart for Kugene Field. Ho had a largo acquaintance among tho stage people and none will mourn him more sincerely thun the players whom he was over ready U? aid by a kindly word, as he was ready to assist the needy from the very bottom flf his purse, for he was generous to a fault. in his tender lullabies and touching versos about lltt.lo children ho has sung his way into tho hearts of paronts the world over. What could ho more true to nature, moro simple, and yet more touching thun these familiar lines: a little toy dog, nil covered with dust, but Sturdy and staunch he stands, And it little tin Holdier, all red with rtlsl ; And his inn I.ei moulds in his hands. Time was when lite little toy dog was now And lite soldier passing fair, And thnt was (he time when our Little Hoy Blue Kissed them and put them there. ? Now don't you go nil I come," he said, "And don t you make any noise." Ho, toddliuK elf min, M i n idle bed, lie drcampt of his pretty toys, And as he was dreaming an angel -me Awakened our Utile Hoy Blue? Oh, the years arc many, and the venrs are long. Hut the little toy friends arc into. Aye, faithful to Little Hoy Blue they stand, Knch in tho snme old place. Awaiting the touch of a little hand Aud the smiles of his beamiiiK face. And they wondor. as waiting the lone, years tlooutdi, Iu the dunt of the little chair, What h"s become of our Little Boy Blue Nlnce he kissed them nnd put them thoro. ?John D. Rockefeller has mado another magnificent gift to the Uni versity of Chicago which he founded by his royal endowment and enlarged by frequent additional donations, i I is latest act of munificence, tho uncendi tional presentation of $1,000,000 pay able January 1 noxt, and the gift of $2,000,000 conditional on raising the same amount was made known to the students In the gymnasium of the Uni versity while the foot ball team was preparing for the game with Wiscon sin University. i rH? PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE.! COTTON Mit,IA IN TI1K SOUTH. The Mount or the Plant Should IIa the Home of Wie Factory. Perhaps the meet Important paper read before the New Kurland manu facturers' association at its recent meeting In Atlanta, wa* prepared by Mr. Klohard If. Edmonds, of Balti Bore. Md., editor of tbo Manufactur er V itcoord. Mr. Edmonds revluwod the growth of the cottuu industry iu the South and proved by faule and figure* that the war between ? the State* had thrown the South behind New England by more thun a hundred year*. In suite of this misfortune the South would yet become the groat manufacturing center of the future. He urguud that the proper place for the cotton mill wa* in the home uf the cotton plant. Mr. Edunmda wa* frequently in terrupted with uppluuso us he pro ceeded. The following I* a brief syaupsls of this able paper: " As the South built Its tl -st. cotton mill about the same year iu which Samuel Slater laid the foundation ol New England's textile industry, It may be of interest to briefly look into the reasons why tho former section until recently fuilod to develop It* cotton manufacture* oxcept to a limited ex tent, while the latter was maklngsuoh great progress. This is essential to a right understanding of the condition* pre/ailing at present In the two sections aud will provide an answer to the oftrupeated question : If the South has tbo great advantages for cotton manufacturing claitnod for it, why has It uot fully developed this industry before this ? The spinning and weav'ng of eo ton for domestic use, or as it was called In olden times, the making of 'homespun' goods, was almost universal throughout the South." In this connection Mr. Edmonds ex plained that In addition to cotton the South was interested in all lints of industrial development. Her progress wus equally a* rapid us that of New England. Washington's father wa* a minor and wa* interested in the mut ter of iron furnaces. Jefferson wa* also engaged in the samu industry. , UK. KORK THE WAR. Referring to the cultivation of cot ton and the market for that staple before the war, Mr. Edmonds said : " In 1801 the average New York price for cotton for the year was 41 cents, and for forty yearn, from 1800 to 1839, the Now \ ork prices rangod from that tigure to 13 cents, and for the whole period averaged over 17 cents a pound. With such protlts ilk these price* yielded, it would have huen contrary to all economic history if the South had failed to concentrate all it* energy upon the extension of cotton production. It could not bo expected that men should fail to grasp such money-muking opportunities us cotton growing presented for at least two generations, or from 1800 to 1800, with the single exception of the decade from 1840 to 1850, du rim; which period overproduction aud othereauses forced prices to tho lowest ten-year average on record. It Is interesting to follow the market turn which this decline iu profits on cotton ' gave to industrial pursuits, awakening into new life the long dormant industrial capabilities of the people of the South. In 1850 the South hud 2,335 miles of railroad and the Now England and Middle State* 4,798 miles; by 1800 the South hud Increased it* mileage to 9,8147 miles, quadrupling that of 1850, while the New England aud Middlu? Stutos hud increased to 9.510, or a guiu of only ubout IU0 per cent. In 1850 the mileage of tho two Northern sections exceeded that of the South by 2,403 miles. My 1800 the condition* wore reversed, and the South led by 1187 miles. In that decade the South spent $220,000.000 upou the extension of its railroad system, nearly all of it having been local capital. During this period the South doubled its capital and out* out of Hour, sawud aud planed lumber, iron founding, steam engine building, etc., and in 18110 had $12,000,000 in vested in cotton mills. Nearly all of its factories of all kind* were moderate in size, hut iu number they aggregate 24.590. und their capital was $175,100, 000. Hut this i* a digression. "Tho wonderful prosperity which cotton production brought about lltid* an apt illustration in the simple state ment that though the South had only one-third of the country's population aud one-fourth of its white popula tion, the assessed value of it* pro perty, according to theeenau- of 18110, was $5,200,000,000 out of a total of $12, 000,000.000 for the entire country or 44 per cent." HOW TUR SOUTH WAS RRTARDED. This gruphlc picture of tho cotton industry iu tho South before the war wus then contrasted with the situation which followed Immediately after the close of that .struggle. Said he : " Hut when tho war ended the two sections hud been widely separated. One swept by destruction had boon thrown back in its career half a cen tury, while tho other hud boon mar vulously stimulated und pushed for ward half a century us compared with the positlom- of the two sections in 18(i0, thus creating a great gulf of 100 years between them. Tho New Eng? land man who seeks to understand the South must look at it in this light, s He mnst see that it is not simply a eaae where one section stood still for a quarter of a century as a result of the most disastrous war in the world's history, judged financially, and by its Immediate effect, and theother section advanced by loup* and bounds. The property, tho ambitions, the hopes, tiie labor system of a whole section were swept away and in the destruc tion went hundreds of thousands of its ablest und most energetic men. It Is only that this section may be studied in tho light of these fuels that they aro mentioned. What this section ha* accomplished has been worked out under these disadvantages, and under standing this it is possible to better understand und appreciato the futuro of tho cotton manufacturing interests of a region whose mills are already consuming 1,000,000 bales a year against 2,000,000 bales for tho remain der of the country. Our New England frtead* oaa iu this light more clearly study the forces now at work for South ern upbuilding aud decide whetbor to join their Southern competitors on their owu ground aud secure the same ad van taces which they m joy or dis regarded their competition. Person ally. I au. firmly puisuuded that Now England will find it profitable to take an active part in the development of the South'* cotton mill Interests and thus reap *ome of the profits. This scciion offers to New Kngland tho same opportunity which the world has alTorded to Croat Hrituin, a fiold for the employment of its surplus capital aud enorgy to the profit of all parties interested. ! have been Informed hy one of the 'loading cotton manu facturers of New England that at least .'1000,000 new spindles must annually be added to the mills of that suction to offset the depreciation from woar and tear. This lias not been done, I believe, in recent years. REVIVAL OK THK COTTON INDUSTRY. "At tho present time tbo South is building about 100 now mills, which, with enlargements now boing made to existing plants, will nood for equip ment over 800,000 spindles. At the risk of wearying you with statistics, It be comes necessary to present somo flguros to show tho actual progress which tho South has modi- in this industry. The consus of 1880 reported that there wore In tho South 180 cotton ml'ls with an aggrogeto capital amounting, to $21, 97i;,ooo, and having 667,000 spindles. By 1800 this had uoarly trebled, and we had 254 mills, $61,124,000 of capital and 1,712,000 spindles. No one would have dared in 1890 though to predict that tho figures of that year would treble in i another decade, but this wo can new I see will ho done. Five yearn havo I passed and tho South has tu mills now ' in operation and those which will be at' work within Sixty days 3,000.000 spin dles. Add to this number HUO.oOO for mills under construction-and by the oud of the current orop year this section would have 3,800,000 spindle* in opt ru tion. It will then only require an aver age increase of 300,000 spindles a year i to give tho South a total of :>,000,000 spindles by l '.too. It Is now safe to pre dict a much larger number than that. A OVA.NT AO MS OF THE SOUTH. Referring to the special advautages offered by the South for the operation of cotton milk , Mr. Edmonds said : "I'rdhahly toe most Important con sideration In the estimation of mill men Is the labor. The South has an abun dant supply of the very best help from whioh to secure mill operatives. An investigation on this point will con vince the most skeptical. A New Eng laud mill owner lately stated that, to ' say that New England mill help waB In any way superior to Southern, was sim ply to say that the lower classes of for eigners aro superior to the native An glo-Saxon Americans. Half a century ago Now England mills were operated by native Americans? daughters ol the small farmers in the neighborhood of the mills; but the incomlug of French Canadians aud others drove the Amer ican girls out of the mills. There is no danger of this in the South, at. least for many yoars to come. The supply of possible operatives, eagor for the op portunity to eurn a living by working in cotton mills, is today sufficient to equip three or four times ae many mills as we have, provided these mills are not clustered too?fosely iu auy one lo cality. The increase iu the help sup ply will be almost as great as the In crease iu millb for many years. These people are capable of acquiring the highest skill required In cotton manu facturing ; they are docile, not given to strikes, and as a elu ? are anxious to timI work and willing 10 accept much lowor wages than Northern operatives uro compelled to have in order to live. On tnls point it must be remembered that nature has made it possible to live in the South at a vory much lower cost than lathe North, hecausoof the lower cost of fuel and clothes, the cheapness wit.i which food can be produced, and tho abundance and cheapness of build ing materials. These are permanent advantages; no possible change of con ditions can alter them. They forever guarantee a lower labor cost In the South than elsewhere.1' MILLS SHOULD DE LOCATED HERE. Mr. Edmonds Insisted that by nat ural .selection the South wus tho proper location for cotton mills. Said he, in closing : "Everywhere manufacturing is tend ing to tho source of raw material..provi ded tho facilities for production can bo secured. In former years the profits in manufacturing were sufficiently large to justify the transportation of raw ma terial. New Engiaud could huul Its cotton a thousand miles, and its coal almost an equul distance and tiud a profitable market for the production of its goods. Gre&t Britain could import its cotton from America, operate its 40,000,000 spindles and market the pro duction of its mills throughout the world. But with the decreasing mar gin of profit in manufacturing, it is in eotton, as in iron, timber and other lines of Industry, necessary for tho mill to sook the source of supply. In the fullness of time the South's oppor tunity has come. Its own people have dwmonstrated their unusual ability in cotton munufactu* lug. The profits in this industry throughout tho South have been sullieiontly large to turn the attention/ of this entire section vory largely to this industry. Tbo ablest financiers in the South, tho most con servative bankers, the general mer chants and the farmers are all now in vesting freely in cotton mills. The :i,000.000 spindles the South now has in operation is scarcely 4 per cent, of the, number Of spindles in the world?latest reports giving the total as 85,000,000, although the South produces over 0(1 per cent, of the world's cotton crop. There are abilndant reasons, easily un derstood by any man who will take the time to investigate, why the South was unable after tho disastrous lossus of the war to take up industrial pursuits until about. 1880. 11 is mainly during the last live years that the greatest progress has been made, aud every year is add ing increased momentum to this move ment. TUB FUTURE OF THE SOUTH. "Looking to Central and South America aud to Asia and Japan, by the cutting of the Nicaragua canal, for u market for American cotton goods, the South's position is impregnable. It has every possible advantage that can bo asked for the product ion of eotton goods at the lowest possible cost. Its advan tages for distribution are but little in ferior to those of the North, and what ever disadvantages it has in this way will bo eliminated under tho general progress which is being made. No one can possibly any longer question the South's future position in the cotton manufacturing world. The rapid de velopment of the textile industry iu the South does n >t necessarily involve Its decrease In New England or Croat Brit ain. Even should these hold their present business and continue to oper ate as many spindles as they do today, tho natural increase whieli tho ever growing demands of the world require must be met by the South. It is possi ble that China and Japan may become factors in this industry, but if they do the reduced cost at which they will p.iodueo goods will simply be an addi tional force to drive tho capital in New England and British mills to the South as the only place which can hope to meet competition from mills in Japan and China, provided this Indiintry should develop largely in those coun ties. "The South's position is safe. It is only a question as to whether the miil owners of other sections shall leave tho South to develop this industry with its own capital and by its own labor, or join in the work nnd thus secure a part of tho profits and all sections bo mu tually benefited by an Interohaugo of investments." THW I A KMK.It AND THE OIL MILL. The Relative Value ol' Cotton Need and Cotton Seed Meal. The Director of the Georgia Experi mental Station Contributes tho follow ing article to the Atlanta Constitution, and farmers would do well to study tho facts and figures given : There is no doubt of tbo fact that tho advent of the cotton oil mill has been of considerable honefit to fnrmers in enhuncing tho murkut value of cot ton seed. At times there bus boon a disposition on tho part of somo of tho mills to squoo/.o tho farmer, as well as tho seeds, in tho terms thoy offer. It Is well, therefore, for tho farmer to understand the actual and rolativo commercial values of whole cotton seed and cotton sued meal, both for food and for fertilizing purposes. Ac cording to tho host authorities the fol lowing are tho fertilizing contonts of one ton each of cotton soed nnd cotton seed meal, and the commercial value of one ton of each, based on a valua tion of 15 cents por pound of available phosphoric acid and 5 cents per pound of potash: In one ton of cotton seed thero aro til pounds of nitrogen, 20 pounds of phos phoric acid, 23 pounds of potash; tho value of ono ton Is $11.40; tho value of 100 pounds Is 57 cents. In one ton of cotton seed moal thore aro 142 pounds of nitrogon. 50 pounds of phosphoric acid, 30 pounds of potash; the value of ono ton Ib $25.84; the value ?f 100 pounds Is $1.20. By an easy .calculation wo find that one'ton of cot ton seed Is equal Infer tU zing value to 880 pounds of eotton seed meal. This estimate takes no account of tho superior mechanical condition of tho meal, nor Ite greater concentration, wblu i Involve less labor is luiuling, mix tog, oto., and great* r proaiptucss of aetiou when applied to the soil as a fertilizer. Tho calcula tion is based solely on the contents uf fertilizing elements in the ?e?.d and meal respectively, as shown by many analyses. The advantages of this superior mechanical condition and eoncentrallou are certainly worth something u? the farmer. In addition to these advantages tue cotton seed meal Is in better condition for feeding to milch cows and other cattle. Sup pose we graut that these advantages are together equivalent to 10 per cent, of the value of the meal. Then deduct 10 per cent, from 880 and we have 880 less 88?702 pounds of meal as the ap proximate fertilizing equivalent of one ton of cotton seed. In round numbers we will call It 800 pounds. Then we have 800 pounds of meal, equivalent*! to 2,000 pounds, or one ton, of eotton seed, the exchange to be made without expeuso of hauling to the farmer. It seems then quite clear that a farmer can not afford to exchange one ton of cotton soed for less than 800 pounds of meal, freo of the expense of hauling. With tl ose simple data It should be In the power of any farmer to decide for hluiself whether a given offer would hu reasonable or profitable for him. Valuing cotton seed meal at $20 per ton, tho farmer would have a margin of $2 to cover hauling oxpeuses when the mill man oilers him 1,000 pounds of meal for cue ton of seed. How far can he afford to haul one ton of seed toward the mill and 1,000 pounds of meal to his farm. We learn that some of the mills are offering just the ex change above suggested, viz., 1,000 pounds of meal In exchange for one ion of seed, the mill to pay railroad freight on tho seed and the farmer the freight on the meal. We understand that the mills at present prefer to buy the seed for tho cash and store away the meal for fu ture consideration (and higher prices). We havo heard that the oil mill com bine das adopted $7 per ton as the maximum price to be paid for seed until further orders : and we have not heard of higher offers than 30 cents por hundred pounds, or $0 per ton. Hut we have previously shown that for I manuring purposes cotton seed ar I worth 57 cents per hundred pounds, or $11.40 per ton. It is manifest, there fore, thai $0, nor even $7, Is a fair cash price for a ton of cotton seed. Now, If the oil mill will make a cor responding reduction in the price of meal, and the farmer shall avail him self of the same at once, no harm will be done. It makes little di tie re nee how small tho price offered for cotton soed If the farmor can get the meal at a corresponding price. At $0 per ton for cotton seod the farmor should not be required to pay more than $15 per ton for meal?tho mill payiug for haul ing and delivery both ways. Hut should not the farmer receive some part of the valno of the oil that is expressed from the soed and sold ? Certainly we would say, unloss It be true that tho expenses of the mill plant, the oporatlng expenses and the exigencies and uncertainties of the i trade?to which should be added a I fair per ecu tage for profit in capital in vested?shall require the full value of the oil extracted and the value of tho remaining by-products?the hulls ami Unters. Wo learn that one ton of soed yields the following products : Meal.750 pounds Oil.33 gallons or 250 pounds Hulls .078 pounds Linters.20 pounds The 53 gallons of oil at 17c.$5.01 Tho 078 pounds of hulls at $3 per ton. 1.47 The 20 pouudsof Unters at3c. per pound. 00 Total, exclusive of the meal. .. $7.US If the mill man gives the farmer 800 pounds of meal for one ton of cotton soed (only 50 pounds more than the I ton of sued contains) hu still has mar ketable products to the amount of $7.08 less tho value of the fifty pounds of meal, or al>out $7.30. Out of this margin of $7.30, net products of each ton of seed, how much will be required to pay mill expenses, interest, wear and tear, profit on capital, oto. V We aro not prepared to say, but it seems a I good wide margin, and that the farmer I should havo at least the value of 400 ! p,niIi Is of meal, or say *3 worth, which ' would leave $4.30 per ton to the mill I out of which to pay the above recited ! charges. This would be equivalont to I a basis of exchange of 1,200 pounds of meal for 2.000 pounds of soed, freights to ho paid both ways by tho farmer, j We may he in error, but think not. j If In error, let tho mill men point it 1 out. THE OARSON MURDER TRIAL. TWO MKN AN1> A WOMAN CON V1CTK1>. I aid Of S Sensational Trial In Spin I un hui'K' -The Horrible Story of a Uuilty Witt?. The trial of Kd Greene, John Page and Mrs. Fannie Carson for the mur der of .1. O. (.'arson, the husband of the woman on trial, took place in Spartan burg lust week, and ended on Sunday morning with a verdict of guilty as to all three prisoners, with a recommen dation .to morcy in tho case of Fanny Carson aud John l'agu. The sensational feature of tho trial was the confession of Mrs. Carson as to tho guilt of Greene and Page, and her own guilt as an accessory in tho mur der of her husband. Iler confession was made in tho first instance to Adam W. Ballanger, who was tho foreman of tho coroner's jury, and her statement was made to him a few days before tbo trial. Ho was requested to see her at j the jail. She begun by saying that ' she did not wish to die with the truth untold about tbo affair. On the evening before he was killed Greene and l'ago eamo to her houso about two Hours bet?re sun. Greuuo said they were going to kill Carson that night about 10 o'clock. Ho was going to pay I'uge $100 to assist him iu doing the work. Thoy then left her house. Sho wet to bed us usual and dozed off. Aooul 10 o'clock she awoke and got up, and wont out through the din ing room to the kitchen, and saw Greene and Fuge. Sho then went back, lighted a lamp, got her little girl and went out ugaiu the same way. Shu saw tho same two mou again, one of thorn having an uxo handle in his hand. She wont out to tho well and sat down, thon wont to tho other side of the house. When thoy camo out Greene started towurds her and sho motioned him with her hand to go away, as the child was awake. Sho said that they wanted to do this work several times. For five years she aud her husband lived hap pily together. About the time tho lust child was born ho got very unkind and jealous. If she wont any whore aud spoke to anyone ho was vory unkind about, it, and she felt that she could hardly stand It any longer and lost her lovo for him. That was hor btory to Mr. Ballenger. Judge Karle charged tho jury that Mrs. Carson's statement did not affect the ot her two prisoners In tho least. It could only be taken as evldoncu againBt herself. The attorney.! of Mrs. Carbon put her on tho stand. Sho corroborated tho State's witnesses in the main facts, giving the history of the conspiracy, he repeated all that Hallenger had stated as coming from her and gave more of the details. Sho stated that Greeno and Page woro out in tho yard when sho wont out about 10 o'clock. She told thorn that Carson was asleep and all things were ready for tho work. Tbey asked her to go back and light a lamp, which she did. According to her statement the bloody tracks were made by one of the Highost of ail in Leavening Power.?Latest U. S. Gov*t Report _4890WYEEV PURE men who went across the room to blow out the lamp. As she waa going to Jackson's she looked back and saw that the house was dark. Both men wore barefooted. In the argument W. W. Thomson made the opening speech. He said tho two main witnesses, Blaekwell and Mrs. Carson, could not be believed. Ho then clearly pointed out the dangers of circumstantial evidence. He hold to the suloide idea. Ho was followed by Jos. T. Johnston in behalf of Pago, lie showed the danger of taking the testimony uf an accomplice. Mr. Hy drlck opened for Mrs. Carson, aud made a meet touching and pathetic address. He admitted that his client stood con victed by her own evidence, and said that sho only asked tho mercy of tho Court. Majori). It. Duncan followed for the Stute, and showed that suicide wus Im possible. Ho also stated that Blaok well's testimony must be true, as It was not eontradiotud by any other wit ness, if he was telling an untruth then Mrs. Cursun made a falso confession. He showod vory cloarly that Greene was tbo principal actor. Tho testi mony of all tho witnesses pointed to that fact. Mr. Karle, a sou of the pre siding buh, had been employed by Greeuo. Ho made a short speech, tho main point lining that Mrs. Carson alone did the bloody work. Solicitor Sc'mmperl spoke fur tho State. He had the facts well in mind, and his ar gument was clear, logical ami convinc ing. Mr. Simpson spoke for Mrs. Car son, aud tnado un earnest appeal for mercy, not liberty. Mr. Jobnsou closed for his client. I'age, and made a very strong and convincing speech, and to his argument, it is believed, Page owes his lire. Mr. Mooiiey began the (dosing argu ment at 7 40, and continued for two hours aud ten minutes. Ills 'main point was that tho State had not made out its caso against Gruene. Ho handled the testimony in an admirable manner, but tho jury did not agree with his hypothesis. Judge Karle bad written , most of his charge. Ho was vory clear as to the law relating to murder and testimony. Ho was absolutely Impar tial in his suggestions. The jury re ceived the record about 10.30. It is supposed that thoy made a hitch on Page's caso as to recommendation to morey. The verdict of the jury agrees with the outside verdict. There has beeu no doubt iu the miuds of the public as to the guilt of Greene and Mrs. Carson. Some seemed to think that Page may not havo beon with Greene when ho committed the murder, but tho ma jority think that he is guilty. Taking 11. ab in all this has been a remarkable trial, 1'ooplo who never board ol the Carsons and Greenes before tho murder sat hour after hour iu the court bouse. Never has such general interest been manifested. Special to The Slate. SPAHTANUURO, Nov. I.?The last scene in tue Ureeu-Carson-Pago mur der case occurred this afternoon. The attorneys for Green moved for a now trial. Mrs. Carson and Pago did not want it. The court refused the motion, aud Green will appeal. Judge Karle pronominal the sentences. In an swering the usual questions of t.lie court aw to why sentence should not be passed, Green arose and said : " I nave a short conversation that I would llko for your honor to hear if yon will grant it." Mr. Mooney. Green's at torney, whispered iu Green's ear and defendant sat down. The court sentenced Groon to ho hungee on D ?e. 27th, next. Page was sentenced to life imprisonment. Judge Karle observed to him that why the jury recommended him to the mercy of the court, be couldn't BOO. Mrs. Fan nie Carson was sentenced to life im prisonment. Green wept bitterly Mrs. Carson was deeply moved. I'age was Indifferent. Headache Destroys Health Resulting in pour memory, Irritability, ner vousness and Intellectual exhaustion. It Induces othor forms of disease, such asopl lepsy. hoart disease, apoplexy, insanity,etc. Dr. Miles' Nervine Cures. Mrs. Ohas. A. Myers. 201 lianna St., Vox Wayne, Ind., writes Oct. 7,1894: "I suffered terribly with severe headaches, dlz-rliiess backache and nervonBi.ess. gradually grow lug worse until my life was despaired of and try what wo would, I found no relief until I commenced using Dr. Miles' Nervine. I have taken tire bottles and believe I am a well woman, aud I have t ikon great com fort In recommending all of my friend* to 11so Nervine. Ton may publish this letter If you wish, aud I liopo It may he the means of saving some other sick mother's life, as It did mine." _ On tale by all druggists. Hook on Heart aud Nerves sent KiilCK. Dr. Miles Medical Co., Elkliurt, Ind. Dr. Miles' Remedies Restore Health. ?As good a dentrlflce as cue can get, and one within the roach of all, in common salt. The Loth should be regularly cleaDod once a day by rubbing them lengthwise, or up and down and crosswise, with a soft, damp cloth dipped in flue table-salt. This readily removes stains or dlscolora tlons from the teeth, imparts a tine, even, brilliant polish, aud renders the gums Arm aud piuk, as well as helps to sweeten the breath. ?She?" No, Nod, It wou'du't be judluious for us to marry until I after you buve had your salary Increased." Ho (pleadingly)?" Hut two can live cheuper than one, you know, Nellie. She?14 Yes, I know, that's what peo pie say. As a matter of fact, they have to." DUKE Cigarettes ABSOLUTELY PURK We Desire To introduce our furniture business Into every community in the south ern states, ami in order to do so in the qulokost time, have concluded to make sonic very liberal oilers in lied room suites to secure at lOSSl (1110 customer at every post olhce in tbo next, Ml days. Pleuse read this advertisement carefully and send ai once for one of nur special oilers. Our Kreut oller No. I consists of 0< c Solid Oak Itcdroom Suite with I.ore drOSSor With MO.\!M bevel mirror, one large WnstiStiUld, with double dour and drawer, one l> lent licdstcitd l ull ?\ i.iii?. This suite of furniture is worth in any I u mit m eistere not le.is than &(?">. l>o not think lor once Hint it is a little cheap suite, lor we ll> sine you It is not, but a Innre, lull suite ennui to any thing- Oh the man- <??, In order to start the sale ill' I beset suites and to keep our men hu - v until lilt reduce nil vbusiness in your neigh Si borhood. wo ngreo to ship one suited only to each shipping point in the 800t.ll for Sift, when the CUSll eolllCrSj with the order. This ttdvcrt.lsoniciitai Will possibly appear t wire in 1I1K pn j per, therefore if you are Interested ? cut this out and HCIld witlltlftillld 1 hi | suite will be skipped to you. 11 it Im not just its represented yen may re turn the suite at our expense line \ um si.1 will be refunded in you. ihn catalogue containing many ill' t ions of rare bargains Hllll house Itir nlsbtng goods will be sent lo|veii 111 on application._ The sit I to above dcscriheiUls 11 sp?u in I biirgabi and does not nppeur in I hi cntuleKUe. therefore it is useless It write For Illustrations ot this suite, and while you are delaying wriiingi Home one else may get (lie bargain, i; We assure you tluil we will not ship but one suite in your noiglilmrlntni itt t bis price. After one suite litis Itee sbippeil in tin- ludgliboiiiood Hi price will ito to ut least I_. F. PADGE1 T H4H ItltOAD ST., AUGUSTA, ti a. THE LAUKENS BAR. If, V. SIMPSON. c. I). HARKKDATiK SIMPSON & IIAIIKSDAI K, Attorneys tit Law, LAUKKN8, SOUTH I'AIOIJNA ?Special attoutlon given to tho Investi gation ol titles and collect.00 of claims u, w. u.m.i.. i.. W. Sl.mki.NS. \\ . vv. ii m.i, HALL, SIM KINS & HALL, Attorneya at hiov, Lauhkns, South Carolina. Will priieliee in nil Slate ami United Si><lev. ('onrt. Speeiul aiteoiioii given Oolleelions. J. T, Johnson. W. it. K't'HKY .JOHNSON & RICHLY, ATTORNKYs at IjAWi OpyiOK -Kleinlug's Corner, N n-i.'rv > side of Public St 111 are. LAUHKNS, - SOUTH CAROLINA W. II. MAltTLN, Attoi'ticy ut Law* Lacrkns, - South Carolina. Will praetiee in all Courts ot thh state Attention given to collections. Tbcrc's No U?e Talking whrn aclloni (peak louder than words. Rut wr will s:.y .. word or two just ask you to give u> n trial onlrr ami then OUI business methods and the quality uf our gouils uill arcue more eiuuhuli Cully for us. AUGUSTA LUMBER CO.. DOORS, S\.sh. BI.INDS, I.UMUKR, ?c. "flu* <./ (I; " Augusta. Ca. Who is Will Whitener ? He is our Fashionable Hair Gutter and Shaver, -UNDER OPERA HOUSE ?Thoy sat .'n deep thought for half hu hoc af*'.. tho lunch. Finally one i>f them could stand it no louver. So he took a cigar from his pocket and lighted It,,with tbo remark : "Sorry I haven't (rot another cigar." "Just what I rhould, have ?atd to you in five minutes nun/." replied the ether, also taking out u cigar, " if yon hadn't got the start of me." - Tho law of the harvest is to reap more than yon how. Sow an set ana reap a bahlt; how a habit, and you reap A character ; how a character and you reap a det-tluy. POUT ROYAL & WKSTEKN OAR olina Railwav. "Augusta and Ashi'villo Short l.iiie." J. B. Cleveland, Receiver. Schedule in effect June 22ud, IMS. Lv Auguala. W40am 8 00 pm Ar Greenwood.12 10 pm 12 30 am Anderson.?ho pm . Laurens. .. I 15 pm 7 15 um Greenville. 2 ."?o pm ?46 am Glenn Sorlne?. 4 05 pm . Spariunuurg.3 00 pm . Saltidn. 4 m um . Hendersnnville. .. a hi pm .... Aaheville. 0 20 pm . Lv AshPMlh . .HOOam . Spat h'il 'ti i.II 45 am . CrofivlH".1140am 340pm I..eiit i ?.I 1ft nm 7 SO pm Ai"!or- un. 920 am . (lrcnitvo.il.. 216 pm 6 00 am Ar Augusta. ft 0ft , in 8 35 am Savannah.> (i!> ant tlOOpna Lv Greenwood.5 28 pm 2 33 ana Ar Raleigh . 120 am laoon's Norfolk....7 on am 090pot Petersburg.* HU am 5 48 pm Richmond .ti 40 am ti4?pm TO athf.ns, atlanta ani) l'OINTS ? VYK8T. Lv Orecnville. y45um 114Uaiu Lv Anderson.9 20 . Augusta. ?40 am . Greenwood.1248 pm 2 42 pm Ar Athens. 803 pm ftOSpm Ar Atlanta. 4 i>!> pm 7 45 pm t lose connections at Greenwood for all points on S. A. L. and ?. & G. Railway, sad at Sparianburg with bouthsrn Kailway. Kor information relativste tickets,rates, schedules, etc., address It. L. TO?I), Trav. Pass. Agent. W.,1. i'Kami, (Jen. Pass. Agent. Augusta, On. P.Gureton, Agent, G. H. Speiutits, Gen. Agent, Greenville, 8. C. J. K. Kant, Agent, Anderson, H. 0. ATLANTIC COAST LINK. PASSENGER DKPARTMBST. Wilmington, N, 6'., Oct. 'Tth, 1895. fast line: ?HB'f WREN Churh-ston and Columbia and Upper South Carolina, North Caro lina, und Athens tint] Atlanta. CONDKNSK1) schimm- LK. Going West. In effect Going Bast, No. 52. Oct. 8th, 180.1. No.63. 7 iiOam* Lv_Charleston ....Ar 8 40pm Kits .Lanes. 7 0u <mn .Sumler. 5 43 11 o.? Ar.? olnioliia. Lv 4 25 12 17 j .in .Prosperity. SU 1*2 30 .Ncwhrrrv. 2 68 l lv? .(Minion'. 2 25 ?j :;4 Greeuwoial .... 124 :; ihi .Abbeville 1250 ? 10 .. ..Athens, Un.... 1045am 7 45 . Allanla. S ir> U 05pm .. Winnsboro. s. I' 1151am 8 . .('harlotto, N. ?' . 935 3 5opm Ar ... Anderson, ^. ?'..Lv 1055am 4 21 _(ireeenvllle . . 10 21 24(1 _Spartan burg_ ll 45 ,:, -'(i ? lleudorsonville N.O. si 13 0 30 ... Asheville. S.C... 8 10 ~ ? Gaily. Nos, 52 and 58 Solid trains between Charleston ami Columbia. S. i ., and carry < 111. > 11 - -11 coach bet ween t'hurlualon anil AtIania. >(, M, KM KKSON, Ass't (leil'l Passenger Agt. J. IL KKNLY, T. M. KM KKSON, Gen'l Manager. Traffic Manager. 1 iEDMONT AIR UNB, 0ondkn9id schkdulx o? rAMUNCKa TaiDIi, .Northbound October 0, IsUQ Lv a ii.iurn c. T " A i hi 11 la K. T " NOreroM. " Hutord. " ualneevllle.. " l.uln. " Cornelia. '? Mt. Airy. " Toccou. " WcMinltihtur " Bsliecs. m. " Central. " Oreenvllle ... " Sparenburg " OaD'neys. " lilprkhiaiig .. " King's Ml. " lisslonia. Ar. Charlotte. Ar. Danville. Ar. Klrhinuia! Ar. Washington. " Bul'm'erRR " Philadelphia " New York fiouthbouail. Lv N. Y. P K K Z " Philadelphia " Baltimore.., " Washington " Richmond.. Danville Charlotte (iUhlulUH King's Mt Hintan, burg Oatl'iiuy.H .SpurUtnburg (?rec.'ivllle Central. Beneca. Weatud lister Toccoa. Mt. Airy < 'in in'11.. . Lula. Gainesville Buford Noreross. Atlanta K. T. Atlanta C. T. "A"a.m. "I*" p. in. "M"noou. "N" night. Noa. 87 and 35?Washington and Soothweatera Vextibuled 1.United, Through I'ullmau Sleepers between New York and New Orleans, via Wash ington, Atlasta and Montgomery, and also b? tween New York and Memphis, via Wellington, Atlantaaad Birmingham, inning Can. Noa. 85 and 36 Ua'drd State? rast Mail. Pullman Bleeping Can between Atbiuta, New Orleans aud Naw York. Noa. 81 and 32, (exposition Flyer, Through Pull man Sleepera between New York and Atlanta via Washington. On Tuesdays and I lumdiiy* ooti nectlon Will be made ftoiu Richmond with No. II, and on these dates I'nlhinui Sleeping Car will be operated between Richmond und Atlant?. Oa Wednesdays and Satur.'nys eoimeetion from At lanta to Richmond with through sleeping 0m wUl ba to leave Atlanta by train No. 82. Noa. Hand 12, Pullman sleeping Car betweea Riohiuond, Danville and Uleeiisboro. W. A. TURK, 8. H. HARDWICK, Csnl Paaa. Ag't, Aas't (len'l Psis. Ag't, WltUHOTON, D. C. Atlanta, Qa. W. B. RYDKR, Superintendent, Charlottb? North Cakoi.ina. W. H. ork KS. ?tes'isapt., Wajhisotox, D. 0. J. M. GULP, Trafflo M'g}tM WABHUtSTON, P. O ALL lltClHIC STRUT C/fttS PASS \ T/f? DOM. r~r*S FIRS-CLASS SERV/CC JfTIOUOHOUT. > Hotel yerome. OUTH?RN BXPOSURE. C( iLUMWA, S, C. tNEWtfOJU ELC0ANTLY f UHfilSHfO, / ~ ' fVLtH SJREEJ, ' ONE SQUARE FROM STAJfltOUJE. b'AOAN BROTHKltS. PROPRIRTS.OB