The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, November 12, 1895, Image 4
?!)c Caurens 3&uertisrx
PUBLISH KU KV Kit Y TUKSDAYJ
MUBOKIPTfON ?l.ftO l>Un YKAIC
RAISING TSA I* AMERICA-'
DR. BHKPrVKD'M EXPERIMENTS
IN SOI Til CAROLINA.
The Ou. Nt ion of Profit? Not Settled
- KnottM to KUttablUli the Now ln
tliiHtry In the South.
The proposition baa been maintained
that tea could be produced in America,
and recent experiment* seem to prove
it, say* the New York Sun. For many
year* it waa not supposed that tea
could be grown successfully in India,
but since I?"jI It haa been demou
trated tluJYlndian tea Ih not only
{food,JjuW??o that it is a strong rival
n tl)* marW-'t,) of the world of Chinese
tea. Tho cllmute in the States South
of New Kngland correspond* very
closoly with that of the Indian teu
regions, and thl* is especially true of
the section about Charleston, S. C,
whore the only peraistout effort to,
grow tea in the United States haa been
made. The animal rainfall is a little
less than in either Japan or Ceylon,
and tho oxtremes of heat and cold are
greater, but otherwise the conditions
are very si mi liar.
Tea plants have been grown in a
desultory fashion for a .groat many
years in vurlous part* uf the South,
and some of them may be sees half
wild to-day in the overgrown gardens
of the white planters, where a little
tea 1* raised tu a rude and ignorant
manner. Some Southern planters im
ported tea plant* long before the war,
and their effort* to introduce the new
crop were paralyzed by tho war. The
impoveriuhed planter* neglected the
wardens alter ward, but tho tea plant*
flourished in a way, yielding crops of
doubtful quality. One of theeo early
tea gardens were planted in 18(10 by a
Mr. Smith wa? Fayetteville, N. C,
aud for a time it flourished. A recout
, visit to tho place showed tho neglect
Into which the tea plants bavo fallen,
though good tea is still made on the
place by tho widow of the original
planter. For over twenty-five years
the plants havo had to struggle for ex
istence among brlors, wild shrubs and
pines, but they have held their own so
bravely that they, are the, moBt con
spicuous growths ir. toe garden. Tho
plant* are now really young troes, and
they produce annually a crop of tea
that has beon pronounced worth fully
$1 a pound by the cargo. One would
uever suspect the presence of a toa
garden In such a uogloeted place, and
Ih necessary to push one's way
brambles, bushcB and young
l. "iach tho garden proper. This
i* at. ration of how tea has been
grown *.. . to South. ?
When t?e.n. LeDuo was made com
Isslonor of agTTouUuro In 1878"ho. bo
ame interested in the private expon
ents of tea culture and after studying
tho question he started public ex
periments with the plants in tho hope
of introducing a new crop for farmers
iu tho South. Ho wont out of office
before ho could complete tho experi
ments, and the tea gardens which he
caused to be planted at Summerville,
S. C, were abandoned, to grow up in
wild thickets. After this individual:,
again made experiments, and in 1892
some tea was raised, cured and sold at
a profit. Tho first crop amounted to u
trifle less than lot) pounds and judges
pronounced it of high quality.
The successful experiment* wer.;
carried on by Dr. Churles U. Shepard.
At his place, Plnehurst, ho has six tea
gardens, of an acre each, which have
bees planted with choice tea seed ob
tained from various quarter*. After
boglnnlng hi* experiments ho bought
a part ef the great Nuvington planta
tion and leased the toa garden* at
Summerville, whore tho government
v.nerimonts wore made, with the
privilege of removing tho trees and
plants it he desired.1 He also secured
new choice *oed from' abroad and
started a small nursery e>f tea plauts.
The heeds were obtained ,from China,
Japan and else where, and were plant
ed upon different soils and with dif
ferent exposures. KxperimctUs with
young plants from tho nurfgery are
being conducted by him in this way
to-day. Gardens covering full ten
more acre* aro in course of prepura
tlon now, with seeds brought from
Ceylon and the Himalayas and othei
tea sections of the Orient. The ton
from tho old government plant*
proved of excellent quality, but his
ohief hopes art based upon tho plants
raised from his own soleeted aoed.
The North Carolina experiment station
"at Raleigh has since mndo experi
ment* with tho tea plants. At Old
Point Comfort and on the Delaware
and Maryland peninsula tho hard
winters have injured tho plants to
such an extent that it does not pay to
eultlvate them for tho market crop,
but In the pinny woods country south
of lialeigh the ell mate and aoil appear
to be eminently adapted to the culture
of tea.
The actual results and possibilities
of toa culturo in the South have heen
summarized by Dr. Shepard, who says
.that the plant* can be grbwn sue
cessfully here, either from boed or
cuttings. His crop of 1S92, under
high cultivation, proved equal to any
of tho Indian gardens. Owing to the
cheapness of Asiatic labor employed
in picking the tea, tho cheap grades
cannot be grown successfully in tho
United States, but the higher grades,
which are obtained only from the
{oung leaves, can bo cultivated satls
actorlly. Tho first crop of tea picked
at Plnehurst was of the Assam hybrid
leaf, aad tWfe is well adapted to the
manufacture of black tea. The Chi
nese and Japanese plants in Dr.
Shepard'* gardens are about to yield
a crop and efforts will bo mado to pro
duce from the ;,o green and oolong tea*
similar to those imported. Ho says
that tho gardens aro too young yet for
him to make positive statement* us to
the question of profits iu growing tea,
but he think* that tho substitution of
maehinory for bund-work in picking
and curing tho leaf will make it pos
sible to compete successfully with the
cheap labor of tho Kust. Tho outlook
?for successful tea culture in the South
lfKnow good, ho think*. The chief
drawback is that a largo expenditure
is required to get tho garden* into
paying'dvdor. The cost and Hkill of
Southern labor are important factors
that will largely determine the result
of the new enterprise.
So far the experiment)* show that
the leaf grown in the Carolinas i*
better for black than for greeu toa.
The cost of picking with Southern
labor is about 25 cents per pound of
cured tea, hut when done on a largo
scale and with recent improvement*,
this cost ought to be groatly reduced.
American ingenuity will probably
supply cheaper and better mothod* of
picking and curing the tea should the
crop prove a commercial success, and
Mr. Jackson, who had ehargo of the
Summerville plantation under Gen.
LoDuc and who 1* an expert tea
grower from Assam, think* that ho
can make tea more cheaply with tho
negro laborer* of tho South than with
doolie labor in India. The formor,
while getting higher wages, work
longer, Tauter and are to be rolled upon
butter than coolie labor.
Piuohurst is situated about tw< aty
gve miles from Charleston, and being
only about seventy foot higher In ele
vation it enjoys about the same clima
tic condition*. The mean annual oil-'
mate of Charleston is nearly the samo I
as the upper stations of Coylon and Is
warmer than the portions of Japan
where tho tea gardens aro located.
The tea leaf raised in Japan is better
adopted for the manufacture of green
teas and Coylon and India are remark
able for growing large crops of stron f
tea. Many of those teas are not eu
joyed In this country, and the more
delicate, lighter leaves, auch as are
grown in Pmehurst, rh' preferred to
those imported. Mmij of i .10 Japanese
teas are prepared fur tho ui^raet in <
the meet artistic mauner and the pro
cess of curing is conducted wiih (he
greatest care. Both" varliles of tn?
teas possess peculiar aud delicate
favor* aud considerable .-kill 1m in
quired in Ouriug aud packing the
leaves so as not to destroy or lose tho
flavor. The Japanese aro uotod for
ueatuess and artistic skill in prepar
ing these teas fer the marken, aud
probablv as much depends upou this
skilled labor as upou the plants them
selves. ....
At Plnehurst the delicate, highly
flavored and expensive teas that are
peculiarly adapted to the needs <vf the
American market have alone been
raised. The Assam hybrids have been
plaited chiefly, although experiments
are being made with the seeds of
many other kinds. Originally ?11 tea
plants came from those growing in
Assam, and the many changes that
have since occurred iu the nature of
the plants have been brought ubout ?y
a thousand years of cultivation in
other parte of the world. Tho two ex
tremes of the plants are to be ueoa in
the true Assam and the Chinese
stunted tea growths. The latter rare
ly grow more than three feet in height,
with leaves three inches long and one .
inch wide. They yield annually throe
or four crops. The vigorous Assam
plants, on the countrary, attain a
height of thirty and thirty-five feet In
tho moist jungles when not pruned,
and have leaves sevon and eight
Inches long and three inches broad.
They often yield twenty-live crops of
young leaves lu one season. In the
cultivated and pruned state those
plants are enormous compared with
the stunted Chiuwse growths. In
China the plants have deteriorated
from neglect or starvation, while the
el imate has hail much to do In re
ducing their size and productiveness.
At Plnehurst the Chinese varitles
have been greatly Improved by cul
tivation, and they have produced bet
ter tea than in China. Tho truo
Assam is hard to cultivate outside of
a small part of British India. Be
tween these two extremes of the toa
plants there are many varieties that
have been produced by hybridization
and these so-called Assam hybrids
represent every modification of tho
two pareut stocks. Many of them uro
considered an improvenioat over the
! true Assam varloty, and tome of them
are cultivated in all parts of the tea
growing world. *They represent the
broad and narrow leaf and gradual
modifications between tho two. If
two gardens are elose together the
varieties are apt to run together and
perform hybridization of themselves.
In order to obtalu true plants it is
necessary to got seed thut has been
separated from all other varieties of
tea plants By raising plants from ]
cuttings the difficulty is settled in the
easiest way, and this is a favorite
manner of starting now gardens.
EUUENK FIKId> I? l)HAI>.
A Brilliant Prose Writer, a Chuiinlnjc
Poet nnd Droll Humorisr.
Kugene Fiold, tho poet, journalist
and story writer, died suddenly at his
home in Chicago on the Ith inst., of
heart failure. He loaves a widow and
live children, two sons and three
daughters.
Mr. Piold was born in St. Louis
forty-live years ago. His father was a
lawyer, and, a good o.ie, too. The
father, RosWCll Field, was one of tho
counsel for Dred Scott in the famous
slavo caso. Bugeue's mother came
from one of the old families that
crossed to this country Iu tho May
flower, or about that time. The mother
dying when Kugene was seven years
old, he was placed in the earo of a
cousin, Mary Field French, at Am
tierst, Mass. This cousin was devoted
' to tho bright boy and he never forgot
her tenderly, motherly earo for him.
He was educated at the University of
Missouri. Then he went abroad for
six months'travel. In 1873, two years
after returning from his Kuropeun
trip, ho married Miss Julia S. Com*
stock, of St. Joseph. The same year
he became a reporter on The St. Louis
F.venlug Journal, and before ho hud
been there a year he was made city
i editor. From 1870 to 1880 he was an
editorial writer on tho Times-Journal
i of St. Louis, und from there ho wont
? to The Kansas City Times as muuaging
i editor, in IK81 he went to Denver as
? cditoi-of Ttie Times of that city. Field
, had before this mudo a reputation as a
i brilliant and versatile writer, espe
i chilly strong as a feuilletonist, as tho
French would say. He had a droll
humor, and more than that, a keen
i wit. He wrote much delicate verse,
hut his passion for innocent practical
jokes extended his reputation almost
i ?s much as his literary work. In 1883
he accepted a position on The Chicago
i News and then ho started that column
i known as "'Sharps and Flats?a col
umn which has contained more de
lightful writing than any other In any
paper in America in the past cloven or
twelve years. The your 1880-1800 he
spent with his family in Kurope and it
was a happy tinio for him. Field loved
books and quaint old hooks ho adored.
He was a judicious collector, and his
home was a treasure house of curious
volumes of forgotten loro. One of his
pets was an ax presented to him by Mr.
Gladstone. It was one with which tho,
old statesman had cut dowu a tree at
Hrtwarden, for Field had expressed a
wish for one which Mr. Gladstone had
used. t
Mr. Field leaves several small vol
umes. Tho best known of those are
"A Kittle Book of Western Verse,"
and "Little .Book of Profitable Tales."
His verses for and about children aro
touching. "Little Boy Blue" is one of
the very best known. And who does
not remember "A Littlo Peaoh of
Ki.icraU) Huo." Every newspaper
worker in this country hail a warm
place in his heart for Kugene Field.
Ho had a largo acquaintance among
tho stage people and none will mourn
him more sincerely thun the players
whom he was over ready U? aid by a
kindly word, as he was ready to assist
the needy from the very bottom flf his
purse, for he was generous to a fault.
in his tender lullabies and touching
versos about lltt.lo children ho has
sung his way into tho hearts of paronts
the world over. What could ho more
true to nature, moro simple, and yet
more touching thun these familiar
lines:
a little toy dog, nil covered with dust,
but Sturdy and staunch he stands,
And it little tin Holdier, all red with rtlsl ;
And his inn I.ei moulds in his hands.
Time was when lite little toy dog was now
And lite soldier passing fair,
And thnt was (he time when our Little
Hoy Blue
Kissed them and put them there.
? Now don't you go nil I come," he said,
"And don t you make any noise."
Ho, toddliuK elf min, M i n idle bed,
lie drcampt of his pretty toys,
And as he was dreaming an angel -me
Awakened our Utile Hoy Blue?
Oh, the years arc many, and the venrs are
long.
Hut the little toy friends arc into.
Aye, faithful to Little Hoy Blue they stand,
Knch in tho snme old place.
Awaiting the touch of a little hand
Aud the smiles of his beamiiiK face.
And they wondor. as waiting the lone,
years tlooutdi,
Iu the dunt of the little chair,
What h"s become of our Little Boy Blue
Nlnce he kissed them nnd put them thoro.
?John D. Rockefeller has mado
another magnificent gift to the Uni
versity of Chicago which he founded
by his royal endowment and enlarged
by frequent additional donations, i I is
latest act of munificence, tho uncendi
tional presentation of $1,000,000 pay
able January 1 noxt, and the gift of
$2,000,000 conditional on raising the
same amount was made known to the
students In the gymnasium of the Uni
versity while the foot ball team was
preparing for the game with Wiscon
sin University. i
rH? PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE.!
COTTON Mit,IA IN TI1K SOUTH.
The Mount or the Plant Should IIa
the Home of Wie Factory.
Perhaps the meet Important paper
read before the New Kurland manu
facturers' association at its recent
meeting In Atlanta, wa* prepared by
Mr. Klohard If. Edmonds, of Balti
Bore. Md., editor of tbo Manufactur
er V itcoord. Mr. Edmonds revluwod
the growth of the cottuu industry iu
the South and proved by faule and
figure* that the war between ? the
State* had thrown the South behind
New England by more thun a hundred
year*. In suite of this misfortune the
South would yet become the groat
manufacturing center of the future.
He urguud that the proper place for
the cotton mill wa* in the home uf the
cotton plant.
Mr. Edunmda wa* frequently in
terrupted with uppluuso us he pro
ceeded. The following I* a brief
syaupsls of this able paper:
" As the South built Its tl -st. cotton
mill about the same year iu which
Samuel Slater laid the foundation ol
New England's textile industry, It may
be of interest to briefly look into the
reasons why tho former section until
recently fuilod to develop It* cotton
manufacture* oxcept to a limited ex
tent, while the latter was maklngsuoh
great progress. This is essential to a
right understanding of the condition*
pre/ailing at present In the two
sections aud will provide an answer to
the oftrupeated question : If the
South has tbo great advantages for
cotton manufacturing claitnod for it,
why has It uot fully developed this
industry before this ? The spinning
and weav'ng of eo ton for domestic
use, or as it was called In olden times,
the making of 'homespun' goods, was
almost universal throughout the
South."
In this connection Mr. Edmonds ex
plained that In addition to cotton the
South was interested in all lints of
industrial development. Her progress
wus equally a* rapid us that of New
England. Washington's father wa* a
minor and wa* interested in the mut
ter of iron furnaces. Jefferson wa*
also engaged in the samu industry.
, UK. KORK THE WAR.
Referring to the cultivation of cot
ton and the market for that staple
before the war, Mr. Edmonds said :
" In 1801 the average New York
price for cotton for the year was 41
cents, and for forty yearn, from 1800 to
1839, the Now \ ork prices rangod from
that tigure to 13 cents, and for the
whole period averaged over 17 cents a
pound. With such protlts ilk these
price* yielded, it would have huen
contrary to all economic history if the
South had failed to concentrate all it*
energy upon the extension of cotton
production. It could not bo expected
that men should fail to grasp such
money-muking opportunities us cotton
growing presented for at least two
generations, or from 1800 to 1800, with
the single exception of the decade
from 1840 to 1850, du rim; which period
overproduction aud othereauses forced
prices to tho lowest ten-year average
on record. It Is interesting to follow
the market turn which this decline iu
profits on cotton ' gave to industrial
pursuits, awakening into new life the
long dormant industrial capabilities of
the people of the South. In 1850
the South hud 2,335 miles of railroad
and the Now England and Middle
State* 4,798 miles; by 1800 the South
hud Increased it* mileage to 9,8147
miles, quadrupling that of 1850, while
the New England aud Middlu? Stutos
hud increased to 9.510, or a guiu of
only ubout IU0 per cent. In 1850 the
mileage of tho two Northern sections
exceeded that of the South by 2,403
miles. My 1800 the condition* wore
reversed, and the South led by 1187
miles. In that decade the South spent
$220,000.000 upou the extension of its
railroad system, nearly all of it having
been local capital. During this period
the South doubled its capital and out*
out of Hour, sawud aud planed lumber,
iron founding, steam engine building,
etc., and in 18110 had $12,000,000 in
vested in cotton mills. Nearly all of
its factories of all kind* were moderate
in size, hut iu number they aggregate
24.590. und their capital was $175,100,
000. Hut this i* a digression.
"Tho wonderful prosperity which
cotton production brought about lltid*
an apt illustration in the simple state
ment that though the South had only
one-third of the country's population
aud one-fourth of its white popula
tion, the assessed value of it* pro
perty, according to theeenau- of 18110,
was $5,200,000,000 out of a total of $12,
000,000.000 for the entire country or 44
per cent."
HOW TUR SOUTH WAS RRTARDED.
This gruphlc picture of tho cotton
industry iu tho South before the war
wus then contrasted with the situation
which followed Immediately after the
close of that .struggle. Said he :
" Hut when tho war ended the two
sections hud been widely separated.
One swept by destruction had boon
thrown back in its career half a cen
tury, while tho other hud boon mar
vulously stimulated und pushed for
ward half a century us compared with
the positlom- of the two sections in
18(i0, thus creating a great gulf of 100
years between them. Tho New Eng?
land man who seeks to understand the
South must look at it in this light,
s He mnst see that it is not simply a
eaae where one section stood still for
a quarter of a century as a result of
the most disastrous war in the world's
history, judged financially, and by its
Immediate effect, and theother section
advanced by loup* and bounds. The
property, tho ambitions, the hopes,
tiie labor system of a whole section
were swept away and in the destruc
tion went hundreds of thousands of its
ablest und most energetic men. It Is
only that this section may be studied
in tho light of these fuels that they
aro mentioned. What this section
ha* accomplished has been worked out
under these disadvantages, and under
standing this it is possible to better
understand und appreciato the futuro
of tho cotton manufacturing interests
of a region whose mills are already
consuming 1,000,000 bales a year
against 2,000,000 bales for tho remain
der of the country. Our New England
frtead* oaa iu this light more clearly
study the forces now at work for South
ern upbuilding aud decide whetbor to
join their Southern competitors on
their owu ground aud secure the same
ad van taces which they m joy or dis
regarded their competition. Person
ally. I au. firmly puisuuded that Now
England will find it profitable to take
an active part in the development of
the South'* cotton mill Interests and
thus reap *ome of the profits. This
scciion offers to New Kngland tho
same opportunity which the world has
alTorded to Croat Hrituin, a fiold for
the employment of its surplus capital
aud enorgy to the profit of all parties
interested. ! have been Informed hy
one of the 'loading cotton manu
facturers of New England that at least
.'1000,000 new spindles must annually
be added to the mills of that suction
to offset the depreciation from woar
and tear. This lias not been done, I
believe, in recent years.
REVIVAL OK THK COTTON INDUSTRY.
"At tho present time tbo South is
building about 100 now mills, which,
with enlargements now boing made to
existing plants, will nood for equip
ment over 800,000 spindles. At the risk
of wearying you with statistics, It be
comes necessary to present somo flguros
to show tho actual progress which tho
South has modi- in this industry. The
consus of 1880 reported that there wore
In tho South 180 cotton ml'ls with an
aggrogeto capital amounting, to $21,
97i;,ooo, and having 667,000 spindles.
By 1800 this had uoarly trebled, and we
had 254 mills, $61,124,000 of capital and
1,712,000 spindles. No one would have
dared in 1890 though to predict that
tho figures of that year would treble in i
another decade, but this wo can new I
see will ho done. Five yearn havo I
passed and tho South has tu mills now '
in operation and those which will be at'
work within Sixty days 3,000.000 spin
dles. Add to this number HUO.oOO for
mills under construction-and by the oud
of the current orop year this section
would have 3,800,000 spindle* in opt ru
tion. It will then only require an aver
age increase of 300,000 spindles a year i
to give tho South a total of :>,000,000
spindles by l '.too. It Is now safe to pre
dict a much larger number than that.
A OVA.NT AO MS OF THE SOUTH.
Referring to the special advautages
offered by the South for the operation
of cotton milk , Mr. Edmonds said :
"I'rdhahly toe most Important con
sideration In the estimation of mill men
Is the labor. The South has an abun
dant supply of the very best help from
whioh to secure mill operatives. An
investigation on this point will con
vince the most skeptical. A New Eng
laud mill owner lately stated that, to '
say that New England mill help waB In
any way superior to Southern, was sim
ply to say that the lower classes of for
eigners aro superior to the native An
glo-Saxon Americans. Half a century
ago Now England mills were operated
by native Americans? daughters ol the
small farmers in the neighborhood of
the mills; but the incomlug of French
Canadians aud others drove the Amer
ican girls out of the mills. There is no
danger of this in the South, at. least for
many yoars to come. The supply of
possible operatives, eagor for the op
portunity to eurn a living by working
in cotton mills, is today sufficient to
equip three or four times ae many mills
as we have, provided these mills are
not clustered too?fosely iu auy one lo
cality. The increase iu the help sup
ply will be almost as great as the In
crease iu millb for many years. These
people are capable of acquiring the
highest skill required In cotton manu
facturing ; they are docile, not given
to strikes, and as a elu ? are anxious to
timI work and willing 10 accept much
lowor wages than Northern operatives
uro compelled to have in order to live.
On tnls point it must be remembered
that nature has made it possible to live
in the South at a vory much lower cost
than lathe North, hecausoof the lower
cost of fuel and clothes, the cheapness
wit.i which food can be produced, and
tho abundance and cheapness of build
ing materials. These are permanent
advantages; no possible change of con
ditions can alter them. They forever
guarantee a lower labor cost In the
South than elsewhere.1'
MILLS SHOULD DE LOCATED HERE.
Mr. Edmonds Insisted that by nat
ural .selection the South wus tho proper
location for cotton mills. Said he, in
closing :
"Everywhere manufacturing is tend
ing to tho source of raw material..provi
ded tho facilities for production can bo
secured. In former years the profits in
manufacturing were sufficiently large
to justify the transportation of raw ma
terial. New Engiaud could huul Its
cotton a thousand miles, and its coal
almost an equul distance and tiud a
profitable market for the production of
its goods. Gre&t Britain could import
its cotton from America, operate its
40,000,000 spindles and market the pro
duction of its mills throughout the
world. But with the decreasing mar
gin of profit in manufacturing, it is in
eotton, as in iron, timber and other
lines of Industry, necessary for tho
mill to sook the source of supply. In
the fullness of time the South's oppor
tunity has come. Its own people have
dwmonstrated their unusual ability in
cotton munufactu* lug. The profits in
this industry throughout tho South
have been sullieiontly large to turn the
attention/ of this entire section vory
largely to this industry. Tbo ablest
financiers in the South, tho most con
servative bankers, the general mer
chants and the farmers are all now in
vesting freely in cotton mills. The
:i,000.000 spindles the South now has in
operation is scarcely 4 per cent, of the,
number Of spindles in the world?latest
reports giving the total as 85,000,000,
although the South produces over 0(1
per cent, of the world's cotton crop.
There are abilndant reasons, easily un
derstood by any man who will take the
time to investigate, why the South was
unable after tho disastrous lossus of the
war to take up industrial pursuits until
about. 1880. 11 is mainly during the last
live years that the greatest progress
has been made, aud every year is add
ing increased momentum to this move
ment.
TUB FUTURE OF THE SOUTH.
"Looking to Central and South
America aud to Asia and Japan, by the
cutting of the Nicaragua canal, for u
market for American cotton goods, the
South's position is impregnable. It has
every possible advantage that can bo
asked for the product ion of eotton goods
at the lowest possible cost. Its advan
tages for distribution are but little in
ferior to those of the North, and what
ever disadvantages it has in this way
will bo eliminated under tho general
progress which is being made. No one
can possibly any longer question the
South's future position in the cotton
manufacturing world. The rapid de
velopment of the textile industry iu the
South does n >t necessarily involve Its
decrease In New England or Croat Brit
ain. Even should these hold their
present business and continue to oper
ate as many spindles as they do today,
tho natural increase whieli tho ever
growing demands of the world require
must be met by the South. It is possi
ble that China and Japan may become
factors in this industry, but if they do
the reduced cost at which they will
p.iodueo goods will simply be an addi
tional force to drive tho capital in New
England and British mills to the South
as the only place which can hope to
meet competition from mills in Japan
and China, provided this Indiintry
should develop largely in those coun
ties.
"The South's position is safe. It is
only a question as to whether the miil
owners of other sections shall leave tho
South to develop this industry with its
own capital and by its own labor, or
join in the work nnd thus secure a part
of tho profits and all sections bo mu
tually benefited by an Interohaugo of
investments."
THW I A KMK.It AND THE OIL MILL.
The Relative Value ol' Cotton Need
and Cotton Seed Meal.
The Director of the Georgia Experi
mental Station Contributes tho follow
ing article to the Atlanta Constitution,
and farmers would do well to study tho
facts and figures given :
There is no doubt of tbo fact that
tho advent of the cotton oil mill has
been of considerable honefit to fnrmers
in enhuncing tho murkut value of cot
ton seed. At times there bus boon a
disposition on tho part of somo of tho
mills to squoo/.o tho farmer, as well as
tho seeds, in tho terms thoy offer. It
Is well, therefore, for tho farmer to
understand the actual and rolativo
commercial values of whole cotton
seed and cotton sued meal, both for
food and for fertilizing purposes. Ac
cording to tho host authorities the fol
lowing are tho fertilizing contonts of
one ton each of cotton soed nnd cotton
seed meal, and the commercial value
of one ton of each, based on a valua
tion of 15 cents por pound of available
phosphoric acid and 5 cents per pound
of potash:
In one ton of cotton seed thero aro til
pounds of nitrogen, 20 pounds of phos
phoric acid, 23 pounds of potash; tho
value of ono ton Is $11.40; tho value of
100 pounds Is 57 cents.
In one ton of cotton seed moal thore
aro 142 pounds of nitrogon. 50 pounds
of phosphoric acid, 30 pounds of potash;
the value of ono ton Ib $25.84; the value
?f 100 pounds Is $1.20.
By an easy .calculation wo find that
one'ton of cot ton seed Is equal Infer
tU zing value to 880 pounds of eotton
seed meal. This estimate takes no
account of tho superior mechanical
condition of tho meal, nor Ite greater
concentration, wblu i Involve less labor
is luiuling, mix tog, oto., and great* r
proaiptucss of aetiou when applied to
the soil as a fertilizer. Tho calcula
tion is based solely on the contents uf
fertilizing elements in the ?e?.d and
meal respectively, as shown by many
analyses. The advantages of this
superior mechanical condition and
eoncentrallou are certainly worth
something u? the farmer. In addition
to these advantages tue cotton seed
meal Is in better condition for feeding
to milch cows and other cattle. Sup
pose we graut that these advantages
are together equivalent to 10 per cent,
of the value of the meal. Then deduct
10 per cent, from 880 and we have 880
less 88?702 pounds of meal as the ap
proximate fertilizing equivalent of one
ton of cotton seed. In round numbers
we will call It 800 pounds. Then we
have 800 pounds of meal, equivalent*!
to 2,000 pounds, or one ton, of eotton
seed, the exchange to be made without
expeuso of hauling to the farmer. It
seems then quite clear that a farmer
can not afford to exchange one ton of
cotton soed for less than 800 pounds of
meal, freo of the expense of hauling.
With tl ose simple data It should be In
the power of any farmer to decide for
hluiself whether a given offer would
hu reasonable or profitable for him.
Valuing cotton seed meal at $20 per
ton, tho farmer would have a margin
of $2 to cover hauling oxpeuses when
the mill man oilers him 1,000 pounds
of meal for cue ton of seed. How far
can he afford to haul one ton of seed
toward the mill and 1,000 pounds of
meal to his farm. We learn that some
of the mills are offering just the ex
change above suggested, viz., 1,000
pounds of meal In exchange for one
ion of seed, the mill to pay railroad
freight on tho seed and the farmer the
freight on the meal.
We understand that the mills at
present prefer to buy the seed for tho
cash and store away the meal for fu
ture consideration (and higher prices).
We havo heard that the oil mill com
bine das adopted $7 per ton as the
maximum price to be paid for seed
until further orders : and we have not
heard of higher offers than 30 cents
por hundred pounds, or $0 per ton.
Hut we have previously shown that for
I manuring purposes cotton seed ar
I worth 57 cents per hundred pounds, or
$11.40 per ton. It is manifest, there
fore, thai $0, nor even $7, Is a fair
cash price for a ton of cotton seed.
Now, If the oil mill will make a cor
responding reduction in the price of
meal, and the farmer shall avail him
self of the same at once, no harm will
be done. It makes little di tie re nee
how small tho price offered for cotton
soed If the farmor can get the meal at
a corresponding price. At $0 per ton
for cotton seod the farmor should not
be required to pay more than $15 per
ton for meal?tho mill payiug for haul
ing and delivery both ways.
Hut should not the farmer receive
some part of the valno of the oil that
is expressed from the soed and sold ?
Certainly we would say, unloss It be
true that tho expenses of the mill
plant, the oporatlng expenses and the
exigencies and uncertainties of the
i trade?to which should be added a
I fair per ecu tage for profit in capital in
vested?shall require the full value of
the oil extracted and the value of tho
remaining by-products?the hulls ami
Unters. Wo learn that one ton of soed
yields the following products :
Meal.750 pounds
Oil.33 gallons or 250 pounds
Hulls .078 pounds
Linters.20 pounds
The 53 gallons of oil at 17c.$5.01
Tho 078 pounds of hulls at $3 per
ton. 1.47
The 20 pouudsof Unters at3c. per
pound. 00
Total, exclusive of the meal. .. $7.US
If the mill man gives the farmer 800
pounds of meal for one ton of cotton
soed (only 50 pounds more than the
I ton of sued contains) hu still has mar
ketable products to the amount of
$7.08 less tho value of the fifty pounds
of meal, or al>out $7.30. Out of this
margin of $7.30, net products of each
ton of seed, how much will be required
to pay mill expenses, interest, wear
and tear, profit on capital, oto. V We
aro not prepared to say, but it seems a
I good wide margin, and that the farmer
I should havo at least the value of 400
! p,niIi Is of meal, or say *3 worth, which
' would leave $4.30 per ton to the mill
I out of which to pay the above recited
! charges. This would be equivalont to
I a basis of exchange of 1,200 pounds of
meal for 2.000 pounds of soed, freights
to ho paid both ways by tho farmer,
j We may he in error, but think not.
j If In error, let tho mill men point it
1 out.
THE OARSON MURDER TRIAL.
TWO MKN AN1> A WOMAN CON
V1CTK1>.
I aid Of S Sensational Trial In Spin I un
hui'K' -The Horrible Story of a Uuilty
Witt?.
The trial of Kd Greene, John Page
and Mrs. Fannie Carson for the mur
der of .1. O. (.'arson, the husband of the
woman on trial, took place in Spartan
burg lust week, and ended on Sunday
morning with a verdict of guilty as to
all three prisoners, with a recommen
dation .to morcy in tho case of Fanny
Carson aud John l'agu.
The sensational feature of tho trial
was the confession of Mrs. Carson as to
tho guilt of Greene and Page, and her
own guilt as an accessory in tho mur
der of her husband. Iler confession
was made in tho first instance to Adam
W. Ballanger, who was tho foreman of
tho coroner's jury, and her statement
was made to him a few days before tbo
trial. Ho was requested to see her at
j the jail. She begun by saying that
' she did not wish to die with the truth
untold about tbo affair.
On the evening before he was killed
Greene and l'ago eamo to her houso
about two Hours bet?re sun. Greuuo
said they were going to kill Carson that
night about 10 o'clock. Ho was going
to pay I'uge $100 to assist him iu doing
the work. Thoy then left her house.
Sho wet to bed us usual and dozed
off. Aooul 10 o'clock she awoke and
got up, and wont out through the din
ing room to the kitchen, and saw
Greene and Fuge. Sho then went back,
lighted a lamp, got her little girl and
went out ugaiu the same way. Shu saw
tho same two mou again, one of thorn
having an uxo handle in his hand. She
wont out to tho well and sat down, thon
wont to tho other side of the house.
When thoy camo out Greene started
towurds her and sho motioned him with
her hand to go away, as the child was
awake. Sho said that they wanted to
do this work several times. For five
years she aud her husband lived hap
pily together. About the time tho lust
child was born ho got very unkind and
jealous. If she wont any whore aud
spoke to anyone ho was vory unkind
about, it, and she felt that she could
hardly stand It any longer and lost her
lovo for him. That was hor btory to
Mr. Ballenger.
Judge Karle charged tho jury that
Mrs. Carson's statement did not affect
the ot her two prisoners In tho least.
It could only be taken as evldoncu
againBt herself.
The attorney.! of Mrs. Carbon put her
on tho stand. Sho corroborated tho
State's witnesses in the main facts,
giving the history of the conspiracy,
he repeated all that Hallenger had
stated as coming from her and gave
more of the details. Sho stated that
Greeno and Page woro out in tho yard
when sho wont out about 10 o'clock.
She told thorn that Carson was asleep
and all things were ready for tho work.
Tbey asked her to go back and light a
lamp, which she did.
According to her statement the
bloody tracks were made by one of the
Highost of ail in Leavening Power.?Latest U. S. Gov*t Report
_4890WYEEV PURE
men who went across the room to blow
out the lamp. As she waa going to
Jackson's she looked back and saw that
the house was dark. Both men wore
barefooted.
In the argument W. W. Thomson
made the opening speech. He said tho
two main witnesses, Blaekwell and
Mrs. Carson, could not be believed. Ho
then clearly pointed out the dangers
of circumstantial evidence. He hold
to the suloide idea. Ho was followed
by Jos. T. Johnston in behalf of Pago,
lie showed the danger of taking the
testimony uf an accomplice. Mr. Hy
drlck opened for Mrs. Carson, aud made
a meet touching and pathetic address.
He admitted that his client stood con
victed by her own evidence, and said
that sho only asked tho mercy of tho
Court.
Majori). It. Duncan followed for the
Stute, and showed that suicide wus Im
possible. Ho also stated that Blaok
well's testimony must be true, as It
was not eontradiotud by any other wit
ness, if he was telling an untruth then
Mrs. Cursun made a falso confession.
He showod vory cloarly that Greene
was tbo principal actor. Tho testi
mony of all tho witnesses pointed to
that fact. Mr. Karle, a sou of the pre
siding buh, had been employed by
Greeuo. Ho made a short speech, tho
main point lining that Mrs. Carson
alone did the bloody work. Solicitor
Sc'mmperl spoke fur tho State. He
had the facts well in mind, and his ar
gument was clear, logical ami convinc
ing. Mr. Simpson spoke for Mrs. Car
son, aud tnado un earnest appeal for
mercy, not liberty. Mr. Jobnsou closed
for his client. I'age, and made a very
strong and convincing speech, and to
his argument, it is believed, Page owes
his lire.
Mr. Mooiiey began the (dosing argu
ment at 7 40, and continued for two
hours aud ten minutes. Ills 'main point
was that tho State had not made out
its caso against Gruene. Ho handled
the testimony in an admirable manner,
but tho jury did not agree with his
hypothesis. Judge Karle bad written
, most of his charge. Ho was vory clear
as to the law relating to murder and
testimony. Ho was absolutely Impar
tial in his suggestions. The jury re
ceived the record about 10.30. It is
supposed that thoy made a hitch on
Page's caso as to recommendation to
morey.
The verdict of the jury agrees with
the outside verdict. There has beeu
no doubt iu the miuds of the public as
to the guilt of Greene and Mrs. Carson.
Some seemed to think that Page may
not havo beon with Greene when ho
committed the murder, but tho ma
jority think that he is guilty. Taking
11. ab in all this has been a remarkable
trial, 1'ooplo who never board ol the
Carsons and Greenes before tho murder
sat hour after hour iu the court bouse.
Never has such general interest been
manifested.
Special to The Slate.
SPAHTANUURO, Nov. I.?The last
scene in tue Ureeu-Carson-Pago mur
der case occurred this afternoon. The
attorneys for Green moved for a now
trial. Mrs. Carson and Pago did not
want it. The court refused the motion,
aud Green will appeal. Judge Karle
pronominal the sentences. In an
swering the usual questions of t.lie
court aw to why sentence should not be
passed, Green arose and said : " I
nave a short conversation that I would
llko for your honor to hear if yon will
grant it." Mr. Mooney. Green's at
torney, whispered iu Green's ear and
defendant sat down.
The court sentenced Groon to ho
hungee on D ?e. 27th, next. Page was
sentenced to life imprisonment. Judge
Karle observed to him that why the
jury recommended him to the mercy
of the court, be couldn't BOO. Mrs. Fan
nie Carson was sentenced to life im
prisonment. Green wept bitterly Mrs.
Carson was deeply moved. I'age was
Indifferent.
Headache Destroys Health
Resulting in pour memory, Irritability, ner
vousness and Intellectual exhaustion. It
Induces othor forms of disease, such asopl
lepsy. hoart disease, apoplexy, insanity,etc.
Dr. Miles' Nervine Cures.
Mrs. Ohas. A. Myers. 201 lianna St., Vox
Wayne, Ind., writes Oct. 7,1894: "I suffered
terribly with severe headaches, dlz-rliiess
backache and nervonBi.ess. gradually grow
lug worse until my life was despaired of
and try what wo would, I found no relief
until I commenced using Dr. Miles' Nervine.
I have taken tire bottles and believe I am a
well woman, aud I have t ikon great com
fort In recommending all of my friend* to
11so Nervine. Ton may publish this letter
If you wish, aud I liopo It may he the means
of saving some other sick mother's life, as It
did mine." _
On tale by all druggists. Hook on Heart
aud Nerves sent KiilCK. Dr. Miles Medical
Co., Elkliurt, Ind.
Dr. Miles' Remedies Restore Health.
?As good a dentrlflce as cue can get,
and one within the roach of all, in
common salt. The Loth should be
regularly cleaDod once a day by
rubbing them lengthwise, or up and
down and crosswise, with a soft, damp
cloth dipped in flue table-salt. This
readily removes stains or dlscolora
tlons from the teeth, imparts a tine,
even, brilliant polish, aud renders the
gums Arm aud piuk, as well as helps to
sweeten the breath.
?She?" No, Nod, It wou'du't be
judluious for us to marry until I after
you buve had your salary Increased."
Ho (pleadingly)?" Hut two can live
cheuper than one, you know, Nellie.
She?14 Yes, I know, that's what peo
pie say. As a matter of fact, they
have to."
DUKE
Cigarettes
ABSOLUTELY PURK
We Desire
To introduce our furniture business
Into every community in the south
ern states, ami in order to do so in
the qulokost time, have concluded to
make sonic very liberal oilers in lied
room suites to secure at lOSSl (1110
customer at every post olhce in
tbo next, Ml days. Pleuse read this
advertisement carefully and send ai
once for one of nur special oilers.
Our Kreut oller No. I consists of 0< c
Solid Oak Itcdroom Suite with I.ore
drOSSor With MO.\!M bevel mirror, one
large WnstiStiUld, with double dour
and drawer, one l> lent licdstcitd l ull
?\ i.iii?. This suite of furniture is
worth in any I u mit m eistere not le.is
than &(?">. l>o not think lor once Hint
it is a little cheap suite, lor we ll> sine
you It is not, but a Innre, lull
suite ennui to any thing- Oh the man- <??,
In order to start the sale ill' I beset
suites and to keep our men hu - v until
lilt reduce nil vbusiness in your neigh Si
borhood. wo ngreo to ship one suited
only to each shipping point in the
800t.ll for Sift, when the CUSll eolllCrSj
with the order. This ttdvcrt.lsoniciitai
Will possibly appear t wire in 1I1K pn j
per, therefore if you are Interested ?
cut this out and HCIld witlltlftillld 1 hi |
suite will be skipped to you. 11 it Im
not just its represented yen may re
turn the suite at our expense line
\ um si.1 will be refunded in you. ihn
catalogue containing many ill'
t ions of rare bargains Hllll house Itir
nlsbtng goods will be sent lo|veii 111
on application._
The sit I to above dcscriheiUls 11 sp?u
in I biirgabi and does not nppeur in I hi
cntuleKUe. therefore it is useless It
write For Illustrations ot this suite,
and while you are delaying wriiingi
Home one else may get (lie bargain, i;
We assure you tluil we will not ship
but one suite in your noiglilmrlntni
itt t bis price. After one suite litis Itee
sbippeil in tin- ludgliboiiiood Hi
price will ito to ut least
I_. F. PADGE1 T
H4H ItltOAD ST., AUGUSTA, ti a.
THE LAUKENS BAR.
If, V. SIMPSON. c. I). HARKKDATiK
SIMPSON & IIAIIKSDAI K,
Attorneys tit Law,
LAUKKN8, SOUTH I'AIOIJNA
?Special attoutlon given to tho Investi
gation ol titles and collect.00 of claims
u, w. u.m.i.. i.. W. Sl.mki.NS. \\ . vv. ii m.i,
HALL, SIM KINS & HALL,
Attorneya at hiov,
Lauhkns, South Carolina.
Will priieliee in nil Slate ami United
Si><lev. ('onrt. Speeiul aiteoiioii given
Oolleelions.
J. T, Johnson. W. it. K't'HKY
.JOHNSON & RICHLY,
ATTORNKYs at IjAWi
OpyiOK -Kleinlug's Corner, N n-i.'rv >
side of Public St 111 are.
LAUHKNS, - SOUTH CAROLINA
W. II. MAltTLN,
Attoi'ticy ut Law*
Lacrkns, - South Carolina.
Will praetiee in all Courts ot thh state
Attention given to collections.
Tbcrc's
No U?e
Talking
whrn aclloni (peak louder than
words. Rut wr will s:.y .. word or
two just ask you to give u> n
trial onlrr ami then OUI business
methods and the quality uf our
gouils uill arcue more eiuuhuli
Cully for us.
AUGUSTA LUMBER CO..
DOORS, S\.sh. BI.INDS, I.UMUKR, ?c.
"flu* <./ (I; " Augusta. Ca.
Who is
Will Whitener ?
He is our Fashionable Hair Gutter and Shaver,
-UNDER OPERA HOUSE
?Thoy sat .'n deep thought for half
hu hoc af*'.. tho lunch. Finally one
i>f them could stand it no louver. So
he took a cigar from his pocket and
lighted It,,with tbo remark : "Sorry
I haven't (rot another cigar." "Just
what I rhould, have ?atd to you in five
minutes nun/." replied the ether, also
taking out u cigar, " if yon hadn't got
the start of me."
- Tho law of the harvest is to reap
more than yon how. Sow an set ana
reap a bahlt; how a habit, and you
reap A character ; how a character and
you reap a det-tluy.
POUT ROYAL & WKSTEKN OAR
olina Railwav. "Augusta and
Ashi'villo Short l.iiie." J. B. Cleveland,
Receiver. Schedule in effect June 22ud,
IMS.
Lv Auguala. W40am 8 00 pm
Ar Greenwood.12 10 pm 12 30 am
Anderson.?ho pm .
Laurens. .. I 15 pm 7 15 um
Greenville. 2 ."?o pm ?46 am
Glenn Sorlne?. 4 05 pm .
Spariunuurg.3 00 pm .
Saltidn. 4 m um .
Hendersnnville. .. a hi pm ....
Aaheville. 0 20 pm .
Lv AshPMlh . .HOOam .
Spat h'il 'ti i.II 45 am .
CrofivlH".1140am 340pm
I..eiit i ?.I 1ft nm 7 SO pm
Ai"!or- un. 920 am .
(lrcnitvo.il.. 216 pm 6 00 am
Ar Augusta. ft 0ft , in 8 35 am
Savannah.> (i!> ant tlOOpna
Lv Greenwood.5 28 pm 2 33 ana
Ar Raleigh . 120 am laoon's
Norfolk....7 on am 090pot
Petersburg.* HU am 5 48 pm
Richmond .ti 40 am ti4?pm
TO athf.ns, atlanta ani) l'OINTS
? VYK8T.
Lv Orecnville. y45um 114Uaiu
Lv Anderson.9 20 .
Augusta. ?40 am .
Greenwood.1248 pm 2 42 pm
Ar Athens. 803 pm ftOSpm
Ar Atlanta. 4 i>!> pm 7 45 pm
t lose connections at Greenwood for all
points on S. A. L. and ?. & G. Railway, sad
at Sparianburg with bouthsrn Kailway.
Kor information relativste tickets,rates,
schedules, etc., address
It. L. TO?I), Trav. Pass. Agent.
W.,1. i'Kami, (Jen. Pass. Agent.
Augusta, On.
P.Gureton, Agent, G. H. Speiutits, Gen.
Agent, Greenville, 8. C.
J. K. Kant, Agent, Anderson, H. 0.
ATLANTIC COAST LINK.
PASSENGER DKPARTMBST.
Wilmington, N, 6'., Oct. 'Tth, 1895.
fast line:
?HB'f WREN
Churh-ston and Columbia and Upper
South Carolina, North Caro
lina, und Athens tint]
Atlanta.
CONDKNSK1) schimm- LK.
Going West. In effect Going Bast,
No. 52. Oct. 8th, 180.1. No.63.
7 iiOam* Lv_Charleston ....Ar 8 40pm
Kits .Lanes. 7 0u
<mn .Sumler. 5 43
11 o.? Ar.? olnioliia. Lv 4 25
12 17 j .in .Prosperity. SU
1*2 30 .Ncwhrrrv. 2 68
l lv? .(Minion'. 2 25
?j :;4 Greeuwoial .... 124
:; ihi .Abbeville 1250
? 10 .. ..Athens, Un.... 1045am
7 45 . Allanla. S ir>
U 05pm .. Winnsboro. s. I' 1151am
8 . .('harlotto, N. ?' . 935
3 5opm Ar ... Anderson, ^. ?'..Lv 1055am
4 21 _(ireeenvllle . . 10 21
24(1 _Spartan burg_ ll 45
,:, -'(i ? lleudorsonville N.O. si 13
0 30 ... Asheville. S.C... 8 10
~ ? Gaily.
Nos, 52 and 58 Solid trains between
Charleston ami Columbia. S. i ., and carry
< 111. > 11 - -11 coach bet ween t'hurlualon anil
AtIania. >(, M, KM KKSON,
Ass't (leil'l Passenger Agt.
J. IL KKNLY, T. M. KM KKSON,
Gen'l Manager. Traffic Manager.
1 iEDMONT AIR UNB,
0ondkn9id schkdulx o? rAMUNCKa TaiDIi,
.Northbound
October 0, IsUQ
Lv
a ii.iurn c. T
" A i hi 11 la K. T
" NOreroM.
" Hutord.
" ualneevllle..
" l.uln.
" Cornelia.
'? Mt. Airy.
" Toccou.
" WcMinltihtur
" Bsliecs. m.
" Central.
" Oreenvllle ...
" Sparenburg
" OaD'neys.
" lilprkhiaiig ..
" King's Ml.
" lisslonia.
Ar. Charlotte.
Ar. Danville.
Ar. Klrhinuia!
Ar. Washington.
" Bul'm'erRR
" Philadelphia
" New York
fiouthbouail.
Lv N. Y. P K K Z
" Philadelphia
" Baltimore..,
" Washington
" Richmond..
Danville
Charlotte
(iUhlulUH
King's Mt
Hintan, burg
Oatl'iiuy.H
.SpurUtnburg
(?rec.'ivllle
Central.
Beneca.
Weatud lister
Toccoa.
Mt. Airy
< 'in in'11.. .
Lula.
Gainesville
Buford
Noreross.
Atlanta K. T.
Atlanta C. T.
"A"a.m. "I*" p. in. "M"noou. "N" night.
Noa. 87 and 35?Washington and Soothweatera
Vextibuled 1.United, Through I'ullmau Sleepers
between New York and New Orleans, via Wash
ington, Atlasta and Montgomery, and also b?
tween New York and Memphis, via Wellington,
Atlantaaad Birmingham, inning Can.
Noa. 85 and 36 Ua'drd State? rast Mail. Pullman
Bleeping Can between Atbiuta, New Orleans aud
Naw York.
Noa. 81 and 32, (exposition Flyer, Through Pull
man Sleepera between New York and Atlanta via
Washington. On Tuesdays and I lumdiiy* ooti
nectlon Will be made ftoiu Richmond with No.
II, and on these dates I'nlhinui Sleeping Car will
be operated between Richmond und Atlant?. Oa
Wednesdays and Satur.'nys eoimeetion from At
lanta to Richmond with through sleeping 0m
wUl ba to leave Atlanta by train No. 82.
Noa. Hand 12, Pullman sleeping Car betweea
Riohiuond, Danville and Uleeiisboro.
W. A. TURK, 8. H. HARDWICK,
Csnl Paaa. Ag't, Aas't (len'l Psis. Ag't,
WltUHOTON, D. C. Atlanta, Qa.
W. B. RYDKR, Superintendent, Charlottb?
North Cakoi.ina.
W. H. ork KS.
?tes'isapt.,
Wajhisotox, D. 0.
J. M. GULP,
Trafflo M'g}tM
WABHUtSTON, P. O
ALL lltClHIC STRUT C/fttS PASS \
T/f? DOM. r~r*S
FIRS-CLASS SERV/CC JfTIOUOHOUT. >
Hotel yerome.
OUTH?RN BXPOSURE. C( iLUMWA, S, C.
tNEWtfOJU ELC0ANTLY f UHfilSHfO,
/ ~ ' fVLtH SJREEJ,
' ONE SQUARE FROM STAJfltOUJE.
b'AOAN BROTHKltS. PROPRIRTS.OB