University of South Carolina Libraries
PUBLISHED EVERY TUESDAY. ' BUlBORlPTION ?1.00 PER YEAR. OOTTOH IN THE TJHITED STATES. \ SOME FAOT0 NOT GKNERAL.L.V KNOWN. Tho Production and Manufacture of (he Great Staple?The Protfreea of the Nlnoteonth Century. ? Shipping and Commercial List Tho younger generation finds it im possible to conceive of any time when , men and women did not wear ootton , clothing.. Yet that period is not so very remote. It is doubtful whether I Thomas Jefferson and John 'Vdams , ever woro garments made of this ma-' terisl, and it is almost certain that Benjamin Franklin and George Wash ington never did. Woolen garments were worn all the year round, under garments being made of linen. There i were cotton clothes in the lost century | which were fashioned Into pretty i shapes for ladles, but they were costly, | and the poor could not wear thorn. The fair box woro supplied with tholr ward-robes ohlefly from linon and wojI, silk in one of its numerous forms bjing tho attire on important occa sions. In tho Colonies there were frequently to be seen men elad entirely in deer skins, while in tho mother country leathor was not unknown for a man's unmentionables. George Fox. the founder of tho Quakers, who died in 1091, woro leather so generally and so long that ho was known us "tho man with the leather breeches." Nothing oxeltod moro terror iu the ordinary church than to know that " the man with tho leather brooches" was coming, for ho took the words out of the minister's mouth, roundly de nouncing him and his worship. Nor could he bo stouuod. The Introduction of cotton was grad ual. From tho remotest antiquity it j has been usod in India, China, and Other Eastern countries, but except as an article of luxury was unknown in England or Franco two hundrod years ! ago. It still remained in this category up to tho end of tho last century, at though not an haut nouveauto, tho art of manufacturing it having been learned In England and Franco. The cotton could not, however, he turned j Into cloth at a low price, as all the weaving and spinning must be done a Ringle thread at a time, and as tho product was scanty in thoso countries which wero availablo to Manchester and Lyons. The ingenious inventions ? of HargreavoB, Cartwrlght and Ark wrlght enabled tho two main processes in cotton manufacture to bo accom plished in .fur Jess tiv>'\ than before, while Eli Whitney invented a machine by which the nlumentous material could easily bo separated from tho seed. Before this was developed a f;reat deal of labor was rtquired he ore a pound of cotton was ready to bo sent away to tho spinnors. After these inventions, this cost became Infinitesimal. Alroady American cot ton was known to be tho best in tho world, and tho improvements In hand ling thus 'initiated caused the planters to put under cultivation all tho land they could obtain. THE MVX3INNINO OF FAOTOIUKS. A prodigious inoroaso in the manu facture at onco took place. Before 1790 no American cotton was used in Great Britain, and tho quantity de rived from other countries in that year was 31,000,000 pounds. In 1800, 00,000,000 wore required, moro than half coming from America, and in 1810, 132,000,000 poundn. In tho mean time the manufucturo had begun here. One of tho chief movements in modern industry, and that which particularly distinguishes it from that of the Middle Ageb or of antiquity, came up concurrently with the improvements in spinning und wcuving this com modity. Boforo 1700 there were no factories in any line of business. Tho number o' employers who had at work in any manufacturing occupation as many as a hundred men uud women at one time probably did not exceed a dozer in Kumpe, and those who re quited so many bad a highly diversi fied industry. Occasionally a new building, a bridge, or a ship, might require a hundred men for a Hhort time, hut most industries were carried on in little shops, with half a d( /.en or a dozen hands, or even much fewer. There was no employment for women except in a house or on a farm, nor was ohildrei.'s labor noeded except in these places. When the making of cotton cloth was begun on a.larger scale, and great buildings were re quired, women snd children were in request, receiving high wages, as compared with servants. A migra tion began of families with muny children to tho manufacturing dis tricts. Old towns increased their population rapidly, and entirely new ones were founded. The same rule Srevailed here. Lowell, Fall Liver, ohoes, Manchester, and Paterson owe tludr development to tho facilities which they afford (or the gathering together of machines on a iargo scale und of a population uccustomed to luboi Incr in snecialties. I Ttiu Obrliest successful manufactur er of cotton in tho United states was Samuel Slaterin Pro.vldeneo. Ho was an Englishman who had learned the propor methods in thnt country. The general use ot the power loom in Great Britain g<>ve it a decided ud vantago over th. country in many respects, labor aiso being cheaper. This loom was not much used here until about 1822, when the city of Lowell was founded. At tho present day Fall Hivor is the centre of Amoriosn cotton manufacture. EXPORTS OF COTTON. It Is ? v lu'wit therefore that the dot* t )n trado in New York n.mt. have had a late beginning. Until 1820 or 1830 the commodity was sent abroad chit fly from the ports of Charleston, Savan nah and New Orleans. Tho plant does not grow well except In three States on tho Atlantio coast, and four on the Gulf. At that time, too, Texas wax not in the Union, and produced no cotton. In the threo citlos mentioned, and in Mobile, were the cotton factors, lordly men, who advanced money to the planters before tholr orops wero ready, und made great profits out of their trado. New York acquired Its present distinction in cotton handling after tho introduction of railroads. As the principal seat of exports and imports of this country, it always sold a considerable portion, brought to gether by coasting vessels. Hut this involved loading and unloading, with a necessarily lnoreosed cost. Rail roads brought tho product of the planter directly horo, and wore a great convenience Now York, also, is noar the manufacturing centre of the country. What is, spun and woven in tho United States Is done in New England most largely, but Now York has also many mills. Thus there was a very great demand close at hand. The saleB of Now York In actual cot ton amounts to six or scvon hundred thousand balos a. year. An immense quantity Is exported, the two other chief oltlos in this connection being New Orleans and Galveston. The centre of sah u in New York has always boon in the neighborhood in which it now is. Dealings are to day In rush, but they wore in former years on tlmo. Any nramrat of money can now ho raised on warehouse re ceipts, but forty or fifty years ago th'i p ev'dences of possession Wbre not ns Vegotlablo as now, and there wero railroad*. A planter might be a ^^^?ttd miles away from one. Then the ^^>r Southern commission house H Bpj|i d tho product, drafts being Btost It, which after accept n4 back and discounted by tbe local banks. There were al-1 ways some local lender? who had a i claim upon the product, and who roust I be satisfied before tbe transaction was I complete. EFFECT OF THE W \B UPON COTTON , PRODUCTION. A great change happened during! the civil war. It there was anything ; that win certain Id the minds of South ern statesmen, it was that the war could not last long, ou account of the pressure which would be applied to the United States by England and France, wnere great injury would be wrought to the manufacturers as well as to the workmen. It being impossible to trot enough cotton to keep the mills going But their expectations were disap pointed. The blockade of the' United States was a tolerably effectual one, and the South could not get the money wbioh it desired to have for its crop ; dieted upon innocent persons in Great i Britain. Germany, France and Bel glum. The price in New York in I860 ] was 11 cents a pound : in 1861 28 cents ; ! in 1862 68 cents; in 1863 88 cents; in I 1864 f 1.00; in 1865 $1.22, and in 1860 52 { cents. The flimsiest calicoes wore at ] one time 25 cents a yard. So little sucoess had tho South la seillug its cotton that after tue first two years of tho conll of. many ceased to plaut. When the war ended all labor was direoted to raising food. There wore no food supplies then, and nothing to buy them with. Of course, during tho years of the war but little could be 1 done in Now York in selling cotton. It was even difficult to get tho supply 1 uocossary for domestic consumption, ' and some was Imported. ESTABLISHMENT OP AN EXCHANGE. I Soon after the struggle endod it was ? thought that the interests of tho trado i would be better conserved by tho foundation of an exchange. The reali zation of the peoject lingered, how I ever, and it was not till tho 20th of July, 1870, that tho dealers came to gother. Committees for various pur* ? pesos were named at that and subso meanwhile, great injury quont meetings, und bu-dness begun ' on tho 19th of September. Soon after ' the (Jetton Exobango purchased the building in Hanover Square, bounded by that open opuco and Pearl aud ! Stone streets, for which it paid $115,- j 000, the last payment being made in ; 1875. A low years after it found that , its quarters were too small, und that I it would be desirable to have a newer, large and more convonient bulldiug. The land immediately opposite, ! bounded by William street, Hanover | square and Beaver street, was pur- : chased, and a great commercial build I Ing erected. The land covers nearly i a quarter of tin acre. The structure it. . seven stories high, and is divided j chiefly Into offices, the groat room of the Exchange being on tho second floor. The edifice is of yellow brick j with stone facings. I The Exohango comprises nearly all ? the leading operators and dealers in . cotton in this vicinity. There ans i about 400 members. It receives tolc ! graphic dispatches from all parts of i t io globe respecting the crop, and is particularly comprehensive In intelli gence concerning points in the United states. Its information in respect to commodity dealt in is bettor than that Of any other commercial organization I In New York. TI1K RKCENr HOT WBATHER. ThoKfl'ect Upon OrowIftfC Crops?Tho Condition of Corn and Cotton Very Satisfactory. The following is tho report of tl o weatbor bureau in South Carolina fur the week ending June 11th : The unseusonaoly hot weather re ported in the previous bulletin con tinued on two days of tho week ju-.t passed, with maximum temperatures of from 95 to 102 over the entire State. Gardens, corn und the various ???ino crops, and truck generally, wore be ginning to wilt under tho influence of tho hot sun, and in places the effect is described as having been the .sumo as though touched by frost. Befoio serious injury wus done, the hot weather was terminated by a slow, gentlo rain, that was of immeasurable benefit, rovivihg overything. This in turn was followed by cool nights din ing tho remainder of tho Week, widen woro especially trying to eottoD that Is already unseasonably lute and .small, although in much better conditieu than It was t wo weeks ago. Tho cool nights had the effect also of renewing the destructive activity of lice on cot ton and cut worms on corn and oth> r crops, particularly on bottom land-; while more rust developed in' wheat ovor the western portion of tho State where this grain is not yet ripe enough to harvest. Tho weather was very favorable f >r farm work and crops uro generally freo from grass and weeds, with tl e ground in tino condition. A few fields continue grassy, but this exception is inconsiderable During tho 4th and 5th (Tuesday an I Wednesday) tho temperature wa? fro n 8 to 12 degrees above, the normal, but during tho remainder of tho week it ranged from 1 to 4 dogrc.es per day below the normal, making the aver age temperature for the week near'y normal. The highest temperature reported was 102 on tho 15th from Looper's, l'ickens County ; tho lowest was 50 on the 9th at Hardoevillo and Spartai. burg. The mean temperature of the weelc for the State was about 70.8, and the normal for tho same period is ap proximately 70. A quite general rain began during the evoning of tho 5th and continued at places until the evening of the Oth. The greatest rainfall for the week was measured at Cheraw and Ches terfield with 2 12 inches at each pi ,o>-, but a number,of widely separated j> aces reported measurements of one inch or more. In goneral the rainfall was heaviest in the western and northern portions of the Stite. although no place but that received some rain. The average of 40 correspondents who reported rainfall for tho wook, is 0 80 inch, and the State normal fur (Do same period is approximately 1.10 inch. There was somowhat more than an average of sunshino, and more along tho coast than in the interior. The winds wero generally high easterly during tho groutor portion of tho wook and their tendency was to negative the good results of tho rain, and were not otherwise uoto worthy. The" condition of cotton has greatly improved within tho laat two weeks, and is particularly fine in tho western portions of tho Stato where stands are reported " as fine as overseen." Tho plant is small and continues lousy In places. Fields that wore not fertilized, show marked inferiority. The cool nights latterly have checked its growth somewhat, but not materially. Flolds are well worked and generally clean. About ull chopped to a stand. There- is n? marked ohange in tho condition of corn, which contlnuos very satisfactory. It shows some im provement in color and less in growth. A fairly good stand has been obtained except wnere damaged by cut worms. It is very small for tho season, and its condition appears, from the reports of correspondents, to bo quite uniform over the whole Stato. It is receiving its last plowing in the more southern counties, whero it is beginning to tassle. Stubble lands being plantod to corn and peas. Wheat will soon be ready to harvest. Sumo has already been out. Tho stand is gtnorally thin, but it is heading very full. Oats are being harvested with a very fair yield, running from a full crop to about 50 per cent, of one. Spring oats have Improved, but their oondm tlon !? exceedingly variable, differing' greatly in the same portions of the Stat<, and even in the seme counties. The average of all reports would make It somewhat has than au average crop. ! Tobocco if doing well at places and reported fair at others. Worms have, appeared unusually early and are nrov- I log troublesome. The tobacco culture has infused hopefulness Into the far mers, whether the crop proves remun erative or not. " ?( Rice about all planted and Its eon- i dltion generally very satisfactory. Melwns have been <i"i .\, poorly, but lately have advanced rapidly and are blossoming. i Sweet potato draws scarce in the up country and the acreage will be greatly reduced on this account. Elsewhere its condition is fair and tho crop l-t I recelvlDg about tho same attention us I in former years. Irish potatoes are. yielding a full crop from tho coast trucks farms westward. Sugar cane aud sorghum aro re ported as having a poor stand gener ally. A large acreage of peas is being how a. both as a separate crop and on the Same land with corn. Early apples, peaches, plums and oherrles are ripening and are being marketed. Fruit exhibited for sale now is of inferior quality, excopt oherrles, being evidently marketed before it was ripe, a practice which i cannot be too greatly conderaneJ. I Blueberries and blackberries continue very plentiful. SECOND CROP POTATOES. I Valuable lllntM In Regard to their Production. { The following extract is from a I bulletin of tho N. C. Experimental ' Station: I The practice of growing a second crop of Irish potatoes from seed of the early crop has been practiced for , twenty years, but the importance of this crop to tbo Southern gardener : bas only been realized within tho I past few years. Experience has do I monstrated that the.se lato irrown fotatoes are far better for spring plaut iij; than the Northern potatoes, not only in tho South hut Northward, and the demand for tbem for planting has rapidly increased, so that t he r pro duotion will soon form a very impor tant .'torn in thu'cropB of tho Southern 1 gardener. At this station wo have made rogular experlments for several years to devise the best mode of produeing this prop withi certainty, and settled upon the following as the best modo of treat ment. The potatoes from which it i-> desired to grow the second crop should be allowed to remain where they grow till perfectly ripe and the top? are doad. If they are selected from the culls in digging the partly matured crop for shippiug, there will be ruuoli uncertainty as tu thoir sprouting. When tho tops are dead /take them up and allow them to remain a days or e>? exposed to the light until they turn greenish. Then spread them in any convenient place on tho ground und cover with pine or otuer strav. Sprinkle the straw and thereafter neverallow it to get dry all through. 1 Prepare the laud as for the early crop except that the fertilization need not ho i-o heavyi and ruu out the rows by going twieo in a furrow with a turn plow and clean out tho furrows full six inched deep. As tho potatoes under tho straw begin to start tho eyes, which will be from the first to tho middle of August, plant thorn in the deep furrows but cover them not more than an inch over the top of the tubers until the green leaves hegiu to grow. Thon gradually till in the soil to tin in as they grow, until it is level. Too after outturn must be us level US pos sible and no hilling should be done, the object at this season of the year being to prevent tho drying out of tue soil. Tho potatoes will sprout earlier, if, before bedding them under the straw, a small piece is elippud off one end and rejected. No further cutting should bo done when planting. Tue planting should all bo done by tho middle of August. This crop will grow green until the frost cuts tho topsduwn, and their immaturity pre vents their sprouting cefuro planting time, so that when they grow It is with the strong growth of the termi nal bud, which giv< b thorn a great ad vantage over tho Northern potatoes, that have been long out of tho ground and have had the sprouts rubbed off them in *tho collar. Tlio growing of a lute crop of pot v toes for table use is a uifforcnt matter from growing tho crop for seed pur poses. For tho tuble W3 want per fectly mature product. Therefore the {dan ting should be earlier. The seed or this crop are tho potatoes of the late seod crop kept over from tho pre vious BOaBOu. These will keep over in perfect condition for the planting in July. If kept in a cool dark celler thoy will seldom start their eyos until warm weather sols in. As soon us they show signs of sprouting remove thorn at once into full sunlight in u dry placo. The pi outs will then for:u short, tftubby and gr< en, and will bear handling without rubbing olT. fhey I should bo planted any timo in July when the soil is in a good and inu st condition. The planting und cultiva tion should bo tho same as for the late seed crop. This crop will bo fully mature by frost and will ko< p woll for table use. But do not attempt to keep any of these for socd, but select all seed from the regular second crop potatoes. This crop should become of lmmtnso value for the Southern homo market, for oui markets here are still suppled with potatoes from the North at prices that would bo very profitable to the homo grower. ?A Laplander never strikes or poundnhia animal. II i simply throws him to tho grounJ, jumps on uiui with hands and knees* and punches him around until he g< ts up. HEALTHY CHILDREN come from liciiltliy tuothors. And mothers will ccrialnly bo healthy if they'll take Dr. Piorce's Favorite Prescription. Nothing ear' equal it in building up a woman's furongth, in regulating and assisting all ?her natural funjutions, and in putting in perfect order every part of tho fe male system. It lessons the pains and burdens of child-bearing, sup ports and Htrciigtnens weak, nursing mothers, and promotes an abundant secretion of nourishment. H'b an invigorating, restorati tonic, a soothing and braoing nor vine, and a guaranteed remedy for women's ilia and ailments. In ovory ehronio "femalo complaint" or weak ness, if it over fails to benefit or cure, you havo your money back. An unusual offer?the one that's road* by the proprietors of Dr. Sage's Ca tarrh Remedy. Unusual, but made in good faith. It's a re ward of $500 for an Incurable ease of Catarrh. What offer could be fairer? The Fallacy of Early Rising. j Mcdlottl Journal. Proverbs are responsible for u ? Spent deal of folly, and none per baps for more mischief under the present j conditions of town life than those lived in villages, and were engaged 1n the cultivation of the soil, early healtli and wealth, if not to wisdom. have been conducive to but even our early forefathers proba- j bly did no moro than make a virtue of necessity. It is said to bo naturul ?that'is, physiological?to rise early and enjoy the beauties of the sun rise ; if wo ask why, wo are treated to various transcendental theories about the vivifying influence of the ' siin. and are told to take example by , the birds of the air and beasts of the field, or bo many of them as are uot' nocturnal in their habits. But as a matter of fact physiology, so far as it hits anything to bay on tho subject ' at all, is all against the early rising theory. Physiological experiment appears to show that a man does not I work best and fastest in I he early i morning hours, but on tho contrary about midday. The desire to rise early, except in those trained from youth to outdoor pursuits, is com monly a sign, nut of strength of character and vigor of body, but of advancing age. The very old often sleep much, but they do not sleep long. A long, deep sleep, tho sleep of youth, requires for its production, u thoroughly elastic, vascular sys tem. Tho stiffening vessels of age uro not so completely nor so easily controlled by tho vasomotor nerves. Hence shorter sleeps. Thus pater familias, who goes to bed at lip. in., wants to get up at 5 or G a. m., and looks upon his healthy son, who pre fers to lie till 8, as a sluggard. When this foolish interpretation of a j proverb about tho health and wealth to be got from early rising is com bined with tho still more foolish adage which says of sleep, "Six hours for a man, seven for a woman, and eight for a fool," then we have a vicious system capable of working I great mischief to young people of both sexes. There is a tendency, greatly encouraged in the towns by the spread of cycling, to curtail un duly the hours for sleep, Parties of young men' and lads arc to be met careering about the streets at mid night. They would bo far better in bod. They have probably to be in their offices or shops by 9 a. m., or even curlier, and when time is de ducted for supper, toilet, breakfast, and the journey to the place of busi ness, it is evident that the hours for sleep cannot exceed six, or at most seven. These young men are lio doubt encouraged by the silly adage quoted above. There is a disposi tion in town youths to overdo out door exercise ; the cycling club "night spins" arc instances in point, As Noraau has said, with a great deal of truth, the town dweller of these last decades of the nineteenth century suffers from nervous fatigue, and is so ill-advised as to make his very recreations sources, not of re cuperation, but of increased cxhuus ton. If our forefathers were early risers, thev went also early to bed. It would be well for the rising gen eration if it paid more heed to this part of the proverb. "Young gentlemen," said the BeV. Dr. John Brown to his class of theo logical students, "ye need three tilings to make you good ministers? learning, grace, and common sense. As for the learning, I will try to set you in the way of it; as for grace, ye must always pray for it; but if ye have na brought the common sense with ye, ye may go about your business." Mrs. Anna Gage, wife of Ex Deputy U. S. Marshal, Columbus, Kan., says: "I was delivered of TWINS in less thnn 20 min utes and w i t h scarcely any pain after using unly two bottles of ""MOTHERS' FRIEND" DID NOT SUFFER AFTERWARD. FVRciit by Kx press ormnl), on receipt of price, St.OO i>er bottle. Hook "TO MOTIIKUS'1 untiled free. lilt on h i n KEQUIjATOK CO., ATLANTA, OA. SOLD DV v i.i, DRUGGISTS. THE LAUKKNS BAR. II. V. MIM PHON. O. I) HA llKs|?,\ I K SIMPSON & ltAliKKDAI 14, Attorneys at Law, I.Al'KKNH, MOUTH CAltoMNA MpMHul intention niv?n t'? Mm Invest.!, KHilun oi 'Miles and collection of elnlms U. W. BAM., f.. W. HIMKINH. Vi* W. BALI? HALL, SIM KINK .V BALL, Attorneys) at Law, Lauhkns, South Carolina. Will prHctico in till Staid ami Ulilti'll ;;i:i.r Court. BpeclHl HlUnllon ;;ivn, collections. I J. t. JOHNHON. W. It KU'.' KV JOHNSON & KICIII3Y, attoknkyh at law. ohm t'-ltUn iirg't' * <?)! u. Is ? i |v? Hldn of Public Hquaru. LAUIIKNS, - SOUTH OARO LINA H. MAItTIN, Attorney lit Law, Lauuknh, - Son i n Carolina. Will prwtlcu In all OnUrt*Of till* Slam Attention kivhii to nnilt>i'll?>llM. r <? ?v? ftl V*. W ^ W ^ <U 'si. w -^>? ?? 4 It is " better Idle limn never," r C II yoll ili'l M?I Ikt<I our i i>? (. 7 " Ituy of lh?' Maker." :il\v?>s- evci ; A X " y of the MaVti," l>uy and l>uy. f i AUGUSTA LUMBER CO., ? doors. SASH, ui.ind5, i.umbbr, Ac. Z {8,nd for ftllmaU.) AUGUSTA. OA. 4 Highest of all in Leavening Power?Latest U. S. Gov't Report Baking Powder ABSOLUTELY PURE Hygiene of the Bed. ?Y JENNIK CHANIJLEI:. Journal of liyfflcno. The bed is a place where we spend about one-third of our lives. A wo man who has readied sixty has spent twenty years in bed. Many bad habits and bud positions are formed during sleep. ?Some girls assume an attitude which cramps the chest so that respiration is not full and com pleto. This does her health much ' harm. The shoulders should not be j drawn forward then, nor the arms folded tightly over the chest. I A narrow bed is preferable for girls, so they will not have room to sprawl themselves over a large space, nor be able to assume a dozen gro tesque shapes. The pillow should be small und hard. A largo soft pillow should not be tolerated by any girl who desires to have her head well set on her shoulders. The bed clothing should be light but warm, and allow tho air to pass through it freely. If the air in a bed, which soon becomes saturated with tho perspiration from our bodies, docs not pass oft, it makes u3 uneasy and restless and sound sleep is im possible. Some women say they can I sleep only on one side. If so, then there must be something wrong with them. One side is probably not evenly developed with the other. A healthy woman or g'rl can sleep, and should sleep, on one side and then on the other, even changing uncon sciously in the night. Some women twist and contort their faces during sleep into bad shapes ami thus form wrinkles which continue during their waking hours. The reasons for this arc various. In digestible food in the stomach is one] cause. (Joing to bed in a depressed state of mind causes the corners of the mouth to be drawn down and gives a sad expression. In going to sleep think of pleasant' things, of your many blessings, the goodness of the great Spirit, of the joys of life, the blessings of homo, friends, parents or ohiluien. Under no cir cumstances let the sun go down on your wrath} or on any other evil thought. If you have enemies, for give them?even love them. Love is the great beaut if icr of the faces of women, and hate and evil thoughts act contrariwise. On Bad Handwriting. Harper's young I'ooplo. One of the most important things for hoys or girls to learn to do is to write plainly, so that those who have to read what they write arc left in no doubt as to their meaning. Sev eral amusing stories of the embar rassment which has followed not learning to write legibly arc told. One of these is of a Massachusetts clergyman who nearly got himself into a peck of trouble because of the bad quality of his handwriting. It was more than a century ago that this clergyman had occasion to ad dress a letter to the General Court of Massachusetts upon sonic subject of great interest at that time. When the letter was received the Court ordered the clerk to read it, and were filled with wrath at what appeared to bo these words in opening: "1 address you not as magistrates, but as Indian devils." ! "What!" they orlcd. "Bead that j over again. How does headdress us?" "Not as magistrates, hut as Indian 1 devils," repeated tho clerk. "That's 1 what he says." The letter was passed around and the judges were by no means pleased to sec that the clerk had apparently j made no mistake. Very angry at what they believed to be an insult, the judges passed a vote of censure j upon the clergyman, and wrote to him demanding an apology. Heoaine before them in person, when it turn ed out that where the judges had read Indian devils he had written in I di\[duals? which, of course, made an apology unnecessary; but the reverend gentleman was admonished ' to improve his handwriting if he wished to keep out of trouble. DARWIN STUMPED.? Darwin ac knowledged himself sold when his little niece asked him seriously what a cat has which no other animal has. He gave it up after mature deliberation, and then the sly little puss answered, " Kittens." A German prescription for pre venting cold sores and boils from, coming to a head is to paint them live or six times daily with equal parts of boraeiO acid and water. .lolniHon'H Magnetic Oil ourescrump* and colic and Internal neura'i/ia; -IU and 75 cents. Sold at Carpenter Br04., Greenville, S. C. Outdoor Exercise. BY PKOPKSSOK G.00D1UC1I. I would recommend to student/5 at least an hour s exercise in the open air daily?walking, rowing, swim ming, fishing, tennis und genoral athletics (if not carried too far.) In addition to tho outdoor exercise there should he vigorous dumb bell or Indian club work for a few moments after rising und before retiring. In taking indoor exercise, have the air as pure us possible; begin moderate ly; be regular and persevering. In I outdoor exercise try to secure var icty. Ol et good company?besides yourself?and try to throw off all thought of study or care. Don't think. Enjoy your exercise. The walk should be taken, rain or shine. I plan to tnkc at least a vigorous walk daily, the longer the better; in the season, adding fishing, rowing, skating or swimming. Any student will find that wisely directed exer cise will result not only in improved health, but also in greater mental I vigor. Educating A Pbinob.?It is a costly business, the education of princes. The great Krupp establish ment at Essen recently turned out a miniature fortress to be set up in the private grounds of the royal palace at Potsdam. It is to be used in the. education of the crown prince of Germany and his brothers. Its I cost was six hundred thousand marks, and its principles of construc tion are not to be made public. There are armored turrets that rise, tire their guns and instantly sink out of view. It is said that a num ber of new principles are embodied in the construction of this fortress, but they are for the present to remain secrets for political reasons. If wrinkles must be written on our brow, let them not be written upon the heart. The spirit should never grow old.?Qarfieid. Heart Disease Cured By Dr. Miles* Heart Cure. fainting, Weak or Hungry Spoils, Irregu lar o?- Intermittent Pulse, Fluttering or Pal pliatioti, Ohbktng Sensation! Shortness of Breath, Bwolllng of Feet und Ankles, are symptoms of a diseased or Woak Heart. mrs. n. c. miller. Of Fort Wayne, Ind., writes on Nov. 20.18M: "I was afflicted for forty years with heart trouble and Buffered untold agony. I had weak, hungry spells, and my heart would palpitate, so hard, the, pain would be, so acute and torturing, that I beeuuio so weak and nervous I could not sleep. I was treated by several physicians without relief and k'ivo op over being well again. About two years ago I commenced using Dr. Miles' Remedies. One bottlo of the Heart Cure stopped .'ill heart troubles and tho Restorative Nor vino "did the rest and now I sleep soundly and at tend to my household and social dut ies with out any trouble 8old by druggists. Rook sent free. Address Dr. Miles Medical Co., Klkhart, Ind. Dr. Miles' Remedies Rcstoro \in\W\ igaretteS ilGARETTES ?... ? k? ,b -1_ HrjTT W.fl'i <o* r * Co. <J5jf ma CROM High ?flnsfe INmwko ABSOLUTELY Who is Will Whitener ? He is our Fashionable Hair Cutter and Shaver, -UNDER ?PERA HOUSE.:- \ One of the most useful utensils in the kitchen is an artist's palette knife. It will scrape pots, plates and pudding-disheo clean, on which nothing else is of any avail. Pumpkin or Bquash pie can be made as well without eggs as with. Substitute a powdered cracker for each egg, and you will scarcely know the difference. Johnson's Magnetic Oil cures cramp* and colic and internal neuralgia; 40 and 75 ecu to. Sold at Carpenter Broe., I Greenville, 9. C. Mental depression, wake-fulness, lost manhood caused by errors of youth or later excesses quickly cured by Mag netic Nervine. Guaranteed by Car ponter Bros., Greenville, S. C. An operation or injection of carbolic acid aro extremely dangerous. Try Japanese Pile Cure. Positively guar anteed by Carpenter Bros., Greonvillo, 8. C. The man who undertakes to de ceive God will not be true to his fellow-men. The truly wise man will never worry about what he can't help. Who learns and learns, but acts not what ho knows, Is one who ploughs and ploughs, but never sows. ?Oriental. MAGNETIC NERVINE. Siaramww w < ?rvouaProat on. Pits, Dli I? told with wrlltc ? guarsntse _to cm IllY leau Neuralgia aodWak. fulness.eaueed byox cew?lvouseof Opium Tobacco mid Alco hol; Mental Dopre* BEFORE - AFTER' alon. Softening o. tlio Brain, causing Misery, Insanity andi Death; i in i in ii >??', Impotoucy, Lost Power In either box. premature Old Aue, Involuntary Lowes, caused by over-lmtulgeuce, ovor-oxortlon ot the llrain and Errors of Youth. It gives to Weak Organs tholr Natural Vigor and doubles the Joys of life: ouroe Lucorrbwa and fomsle Weakness. A month's treat ment, in-plain package, by mall, to any address, II I or box, ? boxes $6. with every 96 order we give a Written Guarantee to euro or refund the money. Circulars Tree. Guarantee, issued only by our ex clusive agent. Carpenter Bros . Greenville. S. C POUT UOYAL & WESTERN CA It olina Railway. "AupuBta and Ashcville Short Line." J. B. Clev land. Receiver. Schedule In effect March 25th. 1893. l.v Augusta. 9 40 am Ar Greenwood.12 28 pm Anderson. 8 00 jun Laurcns. 1 H8 pin Greenville. 3 05 pm Spurtanburg. 3 20 pm Saluda . 4 ti nm Ilcudcreoiiville. .. 5 Ml pm Ashevllle. fl 20 pm 8 00 pm 12 30 urn 7 15 am 9 45 am Lv Ashevllle.HUOam . Spartnnburg.11 46 am . Greenville.11 55 am 4 '20 pm Laurens.... .. 1 33 urn 7 30 pm Anderson.020 am . Greenwood. 230 pm 5 00 pm Ar Augusta. 5 20 | m 8 85 am Savannah. 5 55 am 0 no pm Lv Greenwood.5 53 pm 2 83 am Ar Raleigh . 1 20 am 12 00 n'11 Norfolk. 7 00 am 0 20 pill Petersburg. 0 00 am 5 48pm Richmond . 6 40 am 0 45 pm TO ATHENS, ATLANTA AND POINTS WEST. Lv Greenville. 0 45 am 11 55 am Lv Anderson. 9 20 . Augusta. 0 45 am . Greenwood.12 48 pm 2 42 pm Ar Athens. 303 pm 5 00 pm \r Atlanta.4 Og ipri 7 45 pm Close connections at Greenwood for ail points on S. A. L. and 0. ?V 0. Railway, and ul Spartanhurg with Southern Railway. For information relative to tickets, rates, schedules, etc., address It. I. roU?, Trav, Pass. Agotit. ?V J. CR A IG Gin. Pas*. IpoiM. AinrtistM, <4? J. s. Cure ton, Agent, c. II. Speights, Gen. Agent, Greenville, b. C J. R. Fant, Agent, Anderson, S. C. South Carolina and Georgia Railroad Co "THE CHARLESTON LINE. Schedule in effect March 10, imo. COLUMBIA DIVISION?Rust.Hound. Lv Columbia. ofio . Ar Uranohvlllo. ?or> u Lv Uranohvlllo. ?20 am Ar Charleston.11 30 um Lv Columbia. 4 20 pm A r Charleston.a 40 pm West Hound. Lv Charleston. 7 20 am Ar Columbia.11 03 am Lv Charleston. 5 80 pa Ar DrnnohVillo. h 00 pre Lv lii-iiuebvuie.-. 8 15 pm Ar Columbia. 10 10 pm AUGUSTA DIVISION.-West Hound. Lv Columbia. . ?50 am 4 20 pm Ar Uranohvlllo. 7115am <>;tupm Lv Dranohvillo. D25pm soopm Ar AiiKiista.12 16 pin 1U 15 pm Rust Hound. Lv AiiKiista. 3 40 pro Ar Uranohvlllo. ti2?pn? Lv Dranohvillo. 7 10 am Ar Columbia.10 40 pm CAM DUN BRANCH.?Hast Hound. Lv Columbia.6 60 am A r Camdon.12 05 pm West Hound. Lv Camdon.,.:i 40 pro Ar Columbia.10 10 pm CONNECTION. At Columbia witti Bouthorn Hallway to hiio from nil points in upper South and Norlb Carolina. Through trains between Charles ton mid Ashovllle, N. 0. Any other inforniatiou, folders, maps, etc will lie furnished on application to H.H. HOWKN, (icucrul Manager, Columbia 8. c. L. A. BMBR80N, Trallie Manager, Charles ton, 8, C. Gi II. PA HKS, TravelliiR Agent. Columbia 8. 0. Columbia, Laurens an I New berry R. R. Northbound r>0UthbOUUd pin am Stations. pm am ii.: io ?o .Columbia.4 ?o hi;. 1 00 10 02 . Lonpluirt_ 4 55 11 28 ;i 54 0 40 . Inno . 4 08 11 87 .140 0 27_ Itahntine .6 86 1145 8 49 015 .. . White Rook_ 6 86 11 fto 3:il 8 34 . Chaplain . 6 55 12 02 3 24 8 30... . Llttl? .Mountain 6 15 12 13 3 21 S 22 .. Sllghs .. . 0 22 12 I" 3 12 800. Prosaerlty.041 1220 2 6!? 7 30 . New berry.7 0S 12 43 2 17 7 05.... .lalana .7 86 12 51? 244 0 56 ... dray's Lane_ 7 47 105 2 40 0 40 ... Kinord . 7 57 1 10 2 86 0 86 . Qoldville .. 8 10 117 2 2? ?22. Dover ... 8 28 1 25 2 25 0 16 Clinton S 30 I 30 P. E. SCHUMI? El IT, Agent at Prosperity Cheraw and Chester R. R. RRTWRRN UIIR8TRR AND I,A NCASTKR Time Table Nu, tl. In effect 7.00 p. lu., Hun day, January 18, 1K05. Daily Rxorpt Sunday. Westbound. Rflfllbound. No. II. No. I?. No. I-'. No. 10. p. M. A. m. Ar I.V P, M. A. m. ftoo ua?.Chester.7 45 11 00 4 4(1 I? 10.Knox.hOfi II 15 4 05 8 85. Kichhurg.H Bo 1150 :?55 s?->.Bnaoomvlfie.?45 la 15 ?85 8 05.Fort l.uwn.?05 V2 21? ?00 780.Lancaster.?45 100 P. m, a. m. I.V Ar i?. M. a. *. Train leaving Lancaster at 7.80 a. m., con noctfl at Chester with c. C. \ A. going south, (.AI. going north and <.'. (1. & N. vestibule and local trains going west. Train leaving Uincnster at 8.00 p. in. OOn neclsat Lancaster with ;i 0'i 1 rom Camden, and at Chester with Oi 0. Sc. A. going north. Train leaving Cheslcrut 11.00a. in.,connects at fitester witli c. C. Sc a. from Chariot to, and at l4ineftster with 8 C's Tuesday, Thursday und Saturday. Train leaving Chester nt 7.45 p. m? connects with 0. C. & A. from Columbia, U. C. & N. from Atlanta and C. a . L. from Ixtaoir. SOUTHERN RAILWAY CO, PIEDMONT AIR LtNC ?onmiu iuukduli or *a?huhqxh thaxku, N?rthbottj?4 May 18th. tM?. Atlanta o tlmo Atlanta ? tlma Ni? e r es ?...... Bttford... OalnaavllU.. Lula. Cornelia*. Mt. Airy. Tocoo*. Wosuxunatar. Seuoca. Central. Qrotn villa.... Hpartanbur? . ?i?Bn?yn. ?laokaburR... Klag'aMou&ta CastonU .. Chariot to. . DauTllla... Daily Ar. ?lehmoua 13 00 m L? pi a.;a p ?.oo tax? 10.40 11.13 11.41 12. O? 12.82 1S.M 1.04 1 43 ?.02 (.40 , *$f T4S p 6.2.' sr. Em CAO 11.40 4 4? p 687 p a.18 p r?w Dully lf'.oo a a.oo aJ 4.40 p e.( o u no.i -j >... it Dally |Kk.4i? 4.:5 1 6 ft j 0. a 1 7.<>i j r.;a 1 8.01 ? n > ? b.JO ? 7 AO a 861 a V.8J a JO.o . a. 10.85 ft lOJM a 11. ? tt 11.? a 1140 a W 24 p 18 41 i> IAO p. a f.i4 pi, * 4.10 pV 4.30 p| 5.00 p a 6.** pi b e.*i pi p 11.-6 p; Ar. Wosainston ..I e.41 ?1 840 p! Baltlm'oV.H.r.I 8.06 a X\,tf> V Philadelphia.. .110.15 a s.to n New York.\Xtfi9 n| 8.80 a| "VaaTTT Southbound. Lt how Tork p.b.r " Paltadolpbla.. " Baltimore. " Washington... No. 8)7 Dally Richmond. 4.80 p 6.? p 0.20 p 10.48 p 12.05 ft r>anv1lle. Cnurluttw..... Oaitonlft. King'aMowit'n Ulaoksburg... OafTnoya. Spnrtanburg. Green vllle.... Contrnl. Sonoca. WostrutnBter. To.( oa. ?[OUHt Airy.. ornalhv. Ulft. QalnesvUla... Buford. Noroross. Atlanta K time Atlanta C timo atmli 1 No.aO No. 11 X ?. II Dully D.tl y Ii^<Sud 12.15 n 7.20 * 8.42 a 11.15 ? 5.41 ft 0.85 ft 10.47 a II J47 12.28 p 1.15 p S.SI p 1245 p 6.10 11.00 11.40 it.18 1241 1.05 1.57 24? 3.00 12.05 u 844 4.4T B.04 ?I c 4i a p 12.10 p p 1246 p ;.. w> p. ft 1.7 p 2.0. pi 3.- 0 p 4 H? p 5.91 p 541 ] 0 10 ] O l ", i 7.0? ) 7.13 l 74. ! 8.? :l p 8. ft p 4 45 p 34? p| 6.23 SM ?.30 0.86 7. II 7.13 740 ?.i.il p! 8.27 a io.oi pi B 30 a 9.Q > pi gjg ? "A" ft. m. "P." p. m. ??if." nooD "N." night. Nob. 87 and St? Washington and Southwestorn Vastlbulen* t,Halted,Through Pullman Slcnpere between Naw York and New Orleans, via Wash ington, Atlanta and Montgomery, and also be tween New York and Memphis, via Washing Ion, Atlanta and Btrrolugham. Dining Oars. Nob, 89 and M United SUtea Fast Mull, Pull man Sleeping Cars between Atlanta. Mont gomery and New York. Nos. XI and 13. Pullman Sloeping O.ir botwoen Richmond, Danville and Greensboro. W. A. TUSK. 8. U. HARDW1CK, Qaa'l PaBS. Ag't. AflB't Gonor.il Pass Ag'? Wabsumoton, D. O. Atlanta, OA. 4 W. B. RYDER, Superintendent. Charlotte, North Carolina. ff. H. ORKEN, J.M. CUL.P, OenT Supt., Triifuo Mn'gr. WiiBffiOTon, D. O. Washin/AOn D. O. B?UTHKRN RAILWAY CO. (EASTERN RYSTEM.) Condensed Seliuttiilo In EffeeB Junw 16th, 1HU5. Trains run by 761 i Meridian Time. STATIONS. Lv Charlotte n .I 7.-JO a in " Coli.inl .a.11 10 a in " ProBiHirity.1.li!.?.4p m Ar New iierr.,.|l_'.~7 pin Ar. Clinton-il:x Sum .iS.?J p in " Luureiis... (Ex Sun).'...._ 18.10pm " Nhiety-slx.i l.usp m " 0reen .vood . 1.57 p m " J4 odnes .._......._..1.[2. 17 p m A.-be\ ll'le.........I 8 60 pin "~" Bolfou ..i 8. lo p in " An.l? raon. _! 4 10 p ui * '"Sen< oi_.-^^^-^ .77?.^^7777~..( ft.40pm ~ ?? \i'e ii. " ............... ..1 tf.OJ pni STATIONS. . Dally _I No. 13. Lv. Greenville.I 10.1 A am " l'ludinont. 10.47 inn " Williams ton..111.07 am " Anderson. ' 111.10 um '? Helton."... ?.j if.46 em A^Donulds._I 12.15pm Lv^ ?bl ovlllo. ...iTl.fS ?r? " Hodjes... 12 33 pin " Green wood. 12.55 pm " Ninety-Six._.. 1.13pm " Lauren* (Ex Sun) .110 10 am " Clinton (Kx Sum.| 11.10 am " New) orry ............'.. .77.7.. 2~0 pm " Prosperity. . 2 37 pin Ar. Columlia. 3.65 pm " Charleston. . 8.10 pm lu i v.... 11 (. uliiiul.lit and Aahovllle. Daily. I Daily. I [Dally.iDaliyT* No. If.. |No. 13. I STATIONS No. 14 I No 16. 5.J0 p ml 7 2-'ain L\Ohuriestonir. K.40jinill.>lam 6.00 u m ll.2.Vnn.Lv ColbmbluAr.I 3 5'.pm'1.25am. 6.60 a ui I2.l0pir. . . Alston... "I 8.03pm 1. mum 6.17 am, 1.10pm" ..Santiio." 16 )pm 12.04am. 7.22 a m l.:.0i;mi". Union. " I.<i5pm'il.45pnx 7.3;) a in lASpmr' ..Joncavllle. " Ii ?Opm'.l 1.24pm 7.51 a iu' 2 07pml" . Duct 1 >t.!18.23pml 1.09pm. 8.10 a in 3.4ijpm'Ar Snarl b'g'LY 11.45am 10 45pm 8 20 u m 3.10pm Lv SDurt hV Ar 11.IShiii 10.30pm 10.00 am1 ft Bflpm Ar Ashcvllle Lv I T.lOuin 0.30pni Train? leave Spartenbiirg. A. and C. division, nortbhniind. 4.06u. m., 3.10 p. m., 6.18 p. in., (Ves tlbuled Limited i; southbound, 1 0"> a. in., 2.50 p. m . 1147 a. in , (Vestibuled Limited). Trains leave Greenville, A. and O. Division, northbound, 8.SlMk.m.,3.14 pm., and 6.27pm.,tVes tlhuled Llmltodi; southbound. 1.67a. m.,<4ffl0 p. in 12.28 p. iu., (Vestibuled Limited). Trains leuvo Souoea, A. and C. Division, north bound. 2.02 a. m. and 12.41 p. m.; southbound, 8.06 a. m. and 6.51 p. ra ri l.I.M.VN KUIIVICK. Trains 16 and 16 between Ashovlllo and Co lumbia mako conuoctlon at Columbia with V. C. & P.. trains 35 and 30. and carry through Pullman sleeping ears between Asbevlllu and Jaeksoavlllo. Pullman PulncO Sleeping C*rs on Trains 35 ?nd 30, 37 and 38, on A. and C. Division. W.A.TURK, 3.11. UAUDWtCK-, Uen. Pas. Agl. Am't Can. Pas. Agt. Has Sya, W. II. ORBRN, J. M. GULP, Oon'l Superintendent Tramc Mgr. Washington. D. C. K. BERKBLBY, Supt., Columbia, 3.0. Atlantic Coast Line. WILMINGTON, COLOMBIA AND AUOU8 TAR. R. CON DRN8BD BOH BDU LB. IN BFPRCT .IAN. 87, 1??. doing South. No. 55. No. 51 I.v Wilmington.??flOpra . LV Marion.I. 8 ". 1 pm . Ar Klorene?'....A ? ; 7??iim . . i.v Florence.Iftptn *;?i5aa ArSumtor. KJM pm tUlnir l,v Numter. tV3?> pm ?iMHnm Ar Columbia.?.... Hn?' pm II 05 am No. 52 runs through from Charleston via ('rut i ill It. It., leuvlng Linn's*.:!-* n in. Manning 9.16 am. OoiiiK North. No. 60. ~ No. 53. (A Columbia.*6 20 am *4 85 pra Ar Sumter. 0 43 am f> 411 pin No. Ml. No.50 Lv Siimtcr. 0 43 am *6 47 pm a r Floronoe. BOO am o to pm Lv PlOWinOO. 7 85Hm . LV Marlon. ? 1?hui . Ar Wilmington.I150ain . ? Pally. No. 5.1 runs through to Charleston. S. 0 , via? (nil i.i i It. It., HirTvlllg Mn on Hi)' 0^1 p. in., l4tu<s7 00 p. in., Charleston .< n-p. m. Tniiiison South hikI North Carolina If. It , leave Atkins 0 40 a. m. and oaop. m., arriving l.ueknow II 10 a. in. hikI h 00 n. m. lid inning leave Ltipknow 045 a. inwnMaop m. arriving' Atkins s lr, a in ami 5 50 p tu. Daily exeopit Tramson llnrtsville It. It. leave llnrtsvlllo at 4 30 a m. at riving Klnyils 5 00 a in. Itoturn Ing leave KloyclaO 45 p in, arriving Hnrtaville. 10 15 p m. Daily SXeopt Humlay. Tniiiison Wilmington, Chaillsiurn and Con way it K leave Chadbourn Ii 30 u hi. arrlvo at Conway 1 46 p in, returning Ichvo Cnuway at 2 30 p in, arrive Chadliourn 4 50 p ni, leave i 11;n11,1111111 6 35 p m, arrive at Hub at 0 20 n m, returning Ichvo Hub t> 16 u in, arrive ut Cbad bournUOOti Dnlly cxeentSunday. JOHN K. DIVlNB*Ooii*l Supt, J. K. KK.NLY, Oen'l Managor. T. M. KMKHHON. Tralllo Manager.