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EMPSON MILUS. ?Htcr Hipp Lo YOL. ?. LAI KENS C. LIM S. C., WEDNESDAY, JULY 28, 1886. big job of Clothing _Baltimore Fir?. TIMELY Tones KOK ^AKMIiKS, UOW TO DO PAYINO WOICK AT THIS si: \M>N. Siitrgoslinna ol I nt crest, i rom un Author! titttvu Sou reo. (W. I.. Joni . In Soulliei'ii Cultivator) Having finished planting thc main crops mid got them well miller way, tho work of continued cultivation will ab? sorh most of tho time luul attontion of thc farmer. If the .seasons during May, in any given section, have bcou propiti ous, the maiu object in view in cultivat ing tho crop will bo to keep the sm face soil in light, friable condition, Tho un thinking laborer con?oive! that Hie i ?iii ! end of plowing and booing ia to pix vc.it tho wcoda from choking tho orop. To auch a mau (perhaps thcro uro many ouch) tho grase and wi oils aro a bli. sing in disguise-compelling him to gm thc cultivation which would be needed, even in tho absence of such a blossing. J >cep plowing of growing orops ia not now in onler, excepting, of cour, e, lato-plautcd ileitis not before well plowed. Wo want to induce a moderately rapid and health ful growth bf thi! stalks of com ar i cot ton. Therefore tho root? of the plants should not ho torn uml broken 1 on than is absolut' ly necessary. The uppoi inch or two of the Boil should bo kopi open and loose. The em ? which b rms after a rain preven?s tho easy noces:? ol tlio air above laden with plant food in tho form of carbonic neill and nitrogen and should be broken os ofton a- may be found expedient, not less thau niu e in every ton days ur two weeks. Thc layer of sob mellow soil that i.> loft be hind the cultivating implement acts very decid ly as u mulching to tho layer bi lou in which the root.' are penetrating in ovory direction. Such a layer of IOOEO soil is a poor conductor of heat and therefore protects tho roots; i i tho crop from tim loo fervid and scorching rays of tho sou; and thc interstices aro not line and close OUOUgb to act a capil!.. ; i s in bringing up tho moisture from tho soil about tho ru. >t s to bo evaporated und lost, as would be the case il tho croat were permitted to remain undisturbed. lt should bo tho aim, thorofore, lo go over a crop as rapidly as possible after a good season of rain and to keep the sur taco us constantly as possible in Ibis loose, i.jon condition. How often a crop .should bo plowed over is, asah i tlx hinted, a question of oxpcdh ney. \\. ile it is true I liai a crop growing on i.r land but lightly fertilized will n eel ..' a greater ratio of bein lit from frequent and thorough cultivation than a crop mowin;; on rich or woll-fcrtili/.i ! soil, yet it pays best to ?ivo the naturally rich or tho highly fertilized laud ibo prefer ence tho best and must frequent eu Li vation. Wo doubt not there nru many Holds already planted that would ;ivc better roturns (less loss) ii* they should receive no cultivation at lill, ll Al'IO CULTIVATION, Tito implements used in tho Mouth in uultivntiug tho crops aie generally de fectivo in tho respect that tiny are loo small they do not get over tho coo. i.i.,i enough. A light-running 12 to 18 inch Sweep does not fully lax tho capacity of a stout mule to say nothing of Hui simd lei shevo! and scooter, still so much u ed. Tho Southern farmer dues no! fully ap preciate the advantages nf wide apr? ail ing cultivators ami harrows. Arnot./; the number of expanding, adjustable culti vators, ou wheels or otherwise, that are so generally used in thc North and \\ i st, wo ought to bo able to Und une that will answer our purpose better Hain the sweep and heel scrape. A cotton n iddlo should ho cleaned out and stirred hom row to row nt ono through trip a corn row at not more than two. There is cer tainly an unnecessary consumption of time and travel when from seven to nine furrows are given to each three-foot cot ton row, in the course of tho season, as ia usually done, omploying tho timo ol an able-bodied hand ami mule. Several years ago, while watching tho plowing ol a held of cotton with 24-inch ?weeps-two furrows to tho mid.ile wo wore struck with tho fact that, in makio;; UlO return, or second furrow, tho big sweep woe doing substantially little moro original work than might have boon done by a three inch garden hoc. Tho greater Imrt of tho cutting edgoof tho sweep Wils upping over and passing along tho fur row run just a few moments before. To remedy this on the spot wo directed thc plowman to side "by the row," und . kip ovory other row- i.e. i ide both sah i ol every other row. The result waa a gain ol just one-half tho time, and doing ilse work -so far as merely stirring the soil .waa concerned almoi i as perfectly itu if two furrows had been run m each mid dle. This caving of timo made it posi ble to stir tho i oil practically the entire surface-- twice us often os before willi precisely tho simm ia' or. U? four at tho next plowing tb? ros s not sided be fore received the spooial attention, thc othors hoing left, Wo woro so pleased with the phill that lt wai adopted as u perinur.ent 1. ; ort, especially when it was desirable to go 0V< r tho crop very rapid ly. OS immediately after a heavy rain. Tho principle involved is moro or less applicable to tho cultivation of wider row?, and the plan muy ho modified or suspended according to oiroumstancos. It is equally applicable to any of thc cultivators which do not straddle thc TOW BO BM to plow both sides of All implement designed to run ustr K thc rows and side both sides perfectly is n desideratum in the earlier stage? of the orop. Hut in tie al nee of such a cul tivator tho plan above dotttilod will . ft? n bo found very expedient. Tho time honored rule of plowing over tho Oro] ovory three week? baa but little to re? oommond it Ot CO pt its observance will prevent tho absolute loss of thc crop, ll but throe plowingu are to bo given to thc corn crop it ls hotter to somewhat delat the first and huston tho second and third, so os to make thc intel vals between plowings loss. SU A l.t. GRAIN. Of course tho small grain crop mast roooivo attontion as it hpeuo for tho bar ves i, ind no reminder will ho needed othr j than tho rapid failing of the green into the golden yellow, liomomber that oats intended for feeding in the sheaf Should be out when tho tops of tho heads Lavo turne?! yellow and w 11 i ' < > tho straw is still creon, Gal lather high IUMI euro well before housing, ns they ure very troublesome to manage if nut into stack or barn uudorourcd. Wlient intended for market or milling biro niel also bo oui before fully ripe, lint nearer full ripeness than nat .. Tho husk or luau will thou be thinner and tho yield of Hour will he hotter than it the grain bo permitted to fully harden. but all grain interned for seed i hould bo fully ripe, especially oats, lt is an oxcollout plan to go over the Holds and scloet tho ohoiccst heads (in ndvanco of tho harvesting), stripping by baud root keeping tito grain separate. In this way tho quality of tho seed ill any desired respect may 1)0 kept up to tho or i gi nul standard of excollouce, und even much improved. It is probable that thu popular rust proof oats and other varieties of graiu were discovered and perpetuated in this way. {JW I'.KT POTATOES, This is the favored time for enlarging tile area in sweet pototoes. Tin; vines planted now will do as well, if not la t ter, than thc slips from tho old bed. Hut whether out villOS or slips be used, plantings in .lune or July will make cheaper ami better keeping tubers than plantings made during the mouths <>i April and May, because they grow oil at once and require much less cultivation. Wo used to take n prido in setting tho oarlicst slips and tho largest ?uva carly in the season, until WO discovered that BI imo of our aoighbors who were not so smart made more and better potatoes by planting later. Wo consider the sweet potato crop as possesing great undeveloped possibili ties, His about tho cheapest hog food Unit can be produced in our chi.tate i nd cor Uti. i ly ono of the most healthful os well as convenient. Au important secret in sweet potato planting is to have tho ground woll prepared beforehand and if? shly plowed just before setting out tho Blips or sines, lt not convenient to rovcrso tho beds after a rain and just be fore planting, the patch should bo ploWi u, or tit least hoed, just us soon as pi-eel cable, I'lunts eot in a sodden, Coi i j MC I soil do not llonrish and grow off as wi ll as if set in a mellow, freshly plowed soil. In planting vitus wo have found it to pay to preparo tho cuttings with some degree o? cure, dividing them into pin es containing from three to live leaves (ac cording lo distance bet ween leaves) and inserting two to three jointe only ill tho grout.it. There will bo fewer potatoes ina bit!, but tiny will he larger ami smoother than when much more ot' thc vine is inserted Ul the ground. i'iur.1) CHAH, This ls tho best time for planting Held peas, whether for soeil or improving thc lund. No corn Held should bo without i row of pius between tho rows of corn, or broadcasted over tho field. The crop co.,ls litchi moro than tho seed and is pr? baldy the best paying crop planted in the ?South in proportion to the in vestment in seed and labor If some bunch variety is already growing ill rows it is md a l>ad idea to sow again just alu ad of the lost plowing. For this pur pouo tim Conch pin, or sumo other run ning kind, is best, lt is often recom mended to sow pea-; after wheat and oats, lt is good farming to do .0 when practicable, but it so often occurs that the ground i.s too dry and bant to per mit ot plow ing and gi tiing tho peas up that tile pl m cannot bo relied oil a-s a pul of a regular system. Sometimes it can be done, oft on it cannot, lt tho groin d can bo plowed tho best way we have found to do it is to list two furrows I together lapping the slices turned ami | leaving a narrow rid go to be opened out with <i shovel, followed by n pea-dropper, ' and the peas covered. Three furrows, af tor tho pons aro well up, will usually I stlOico for tho cultivation. ponAon euora. Forage crops, like cat tail millet, m?h? maize, bullit* com and sorghum, may tillie planted, but tho land should bo proportionately belter ns thc planting is later. Wo have had uo personal experi ence willi millo maize, but doubt it lt is any better for green soiling than thc old stand-by cat tail millet. For curing into buy for uso by and hy, the Gorman mil le' and common com answer better, albeit tho latter is very diflloult to cure perfectly. Tho Herman millet should be sown broadcast in well-broken lund, ami at the rate of OUO-haii to ono bushel of Kcod per acre and harrowed in. Kow the corn 111 drills three to four feet apart at the rate of three bushels of heed per acre. The ordinary pop corn is said to be ex cellent for this parp?se, TUUNIPH, Land intended to ho sown in turnips, cspec; illy if rutabagna arc to be grown, should rec ive attention by repeated deep plowings until the time for seeding arrives. We are liol strong in our ad vocacy of turnips as A stock crop in the cotton belt. Ulir full Climate is general ly too dry for turnips, and unless every other condition of success is faithfully complied with, the failures will be often er than the lilts; yoi tills vegetable la so desirable for tho bible, as well us for stock, that a moderato area should be Bown, lt they fail, it is easy to devote the land to some fall crop, OS rye, barley or wheat. nous. We have long believed that the predis posing causes of hog cholera aro insilftl clent or uunatiintl food and want of plenty of pine wider. Tho disease is well known to bo infectious, but it is known that oven infectious diseases more readily attack whore there are pro disposing causes. Thc hog, in a btatc of nature, herbivorous, subsisting on roots, grass and nuts, and ranging the wooilh mid sw amps 1111 rest ruined. Thc nearer wo cnn keep to nature in tho management of stock, supplementing natural supplies by tho arts ol culture, and protecting against undue exposure to incl inent weather, tho moro healthy and vigorous the animals will bo. Every farmer should provide, an abundance ol green and succulent food throughout thc Spring and summer, to be followed in the fad and winter Ly nubs, tubers, grain and oil-cako. Green roasting curs, stalk and nil, sorghum, collards, clover, fallen fruit and many of tho natural grosses ot the field aflora a sucoossion and variety that have little to bo dosired during the glowing months; and nwoot potatoes, chitins, peanuts, ?old-pcas, artichoke, etc., nnswor the demands of tho season further on, and preparo tho porkers for Hie smoke-house. What u list ot food | resources for niau anti boast wo havo iu Un-.South! Wo ought not lo import u pound ol hiioou or lard, hoof or butter. If failuro or fumino occurs in ono coun ty tho adjoining or not distant county should bo our Egypt, instead of tho far distant West. If failure occurs this year, try aguiu. Not many give up cotton planting because of even repeated suc cessive failures. The writorspent seven teen of tho best years of his lifo on bis farm, and during that time, in tho ag gregate, his salea of surplus pork ami bacon wmc greater than the amounts bought. Tho South raised her bacon during the war, and sim can and ought to do it now. Not every farmer, per haps, is favorably situated for raising hogs; but there aro others whose sur plus should supply such as fail. This is fully as good a section for bog-raising as for corn-growing. If we persist in tho one, why not in the other? We csu largely substitute oats and other grain; we accept no substituto for bacon und lard- the greater reason why we .should produce our own bacon which bas boon donn very successfully by many progres sive Southern farmers. "I WANT 'i HAT "?1 \ N V Keast ? II s for Thinking AI ncr i Sydney John ston Was Killed hy a Private. Chicago Intor-Ooonn: AB a gem ral nile the most impartial personality that I ovor got acquainted with is a bull? t in battle, lt is perfectly democratic and fair, recognizing neither rank, station, age nor quality. There are sonic exceptions to this rule, as, for instanco, when u bullet is directly aimed at some con spicuous ollieor and fetches him. I think it was a special bullet that killed Alla rt Sydney Johnston, and the reason why I think so is this: In the Shiloh light Pugh's brigade, to which 1 belonged, was strung along thc rail b nce, having tho cotton Hold and peach orchard between it and the ('mi fed, rate line. Across this field and orchard the enemy made three or four magnificent charges, and was terribly repulsed each time. Captain Johnston, the son of the ( louerai, frankly acknowl edges those defeats in his account of tho battle contained in the biography of his father. Tho repulses caused much de moralization in thc ranks of He1 Confcd t rate-:, hut utter awhile wc could see that their lim; was re-cstablishcd in gnat shape. Then we saw Um General riding down tho front while the men cheered hun with a great dial ol enthusiasm, Weall supposed lhal General beaure gard was in command of the enemy, for General Johnston's name was not fa miliar to us and Hean regard's was. As he passed along tho line our boys said to cooli other: "That's beauregard! That's Beaure gard!" Just ul that moment a tall, gaunt fel low, in a slate of intense nervous excite mont, and carrying his gnni at the "trail," tried to brook through Ibo lino where I was, with tho intention of climb ing over the fence toward tllOCUOmy, I challenged him sharply: "What do you want here? What n i melli do you belong to?" "Fi ?leon th I lliuois." "Go hack to your regiment; you have no business here. Go back I" "Oh d m't stop me," he said. " bet me KO, I want that man on that horse." before I could prevent him he bad broken through ami scaled the fence. 1 watched him zigzagging along from tree to troo until ho reached the log house above tho centre of the Held. This brought him very m ar thc enemy, and if he took a rest tor his gun ou the win dow sill the man on horseback would certainly be in peril. 1 I10V01' saw that soldier nguiu, but for twenty live years I have held firmly to the opinion that he shot "that man on the horse." It is ovidont from tho accounts that General Johnston was wounded several minutes before be fell, but dal not think thc- mutter serions, ovon if he km w it at all. Ile had been slowly bleeding to death for some time, and winn at last he tainted it was too late to save him. A Dwarf IN opio lu Huropo, Professor Mornpto has mode a remark able anthropological discovery in Un valley of ll ibas, in the Eastern Pyrenees, In that district ho found Ulimoroilf groups id persons who are named by th' other inhabitants "Nanos" (tho dwarfs i, and who never attained to u greater tall ness than four feet. They are well baili in body, have exceedingly HUIn 11 hand and feet, and are broad in the hips am shoulders. All have red hair. Theil cheek-bones are prominent; their chili! are si piare and large. Tho oyes liavi the shod tendency of the Chinese. Tin men ure beardless, or they have at tin most only a few soft hairs 00 tin chin Tia- face is full, and skin jude and loose lt looks as if it had no muscles U m uti il. Tho im-n and women an- so lile cooli other that their dress betrays Hu i sex. Many ol' them have swollen nooks goitrc-liko, but this is possibly to b attributed to the water, lho Nanos ar e instantly objects of lin; taunt ami rilli Ollie of the other inhabitants of {Tic val loy. They live as a separate pcopk marrying only amongst thomsclvcs, r that the race is preserved unique. Tbei intelligence is vory low. Tiny have n schooling, no nu ans of bettering thci existence, rn? one cumbers himself aboil them, and they lead a miserable exist once. "Many of those, whom 1 quel tioned," says Professor Murapin, "cool not even tell mo where they lived. Thc hud no conception of arithmetic, The were amiable in their milliners, un Boomed quito willing to learn sonu thing." suomi Minmi*. As lho Coming of a great storm la horttldl hy the display ol cautiouary signals, so thc approach Of timi dread and fatal di ease, Consumption of the bungs, usual announced ni advance hy pimples, hod ht eruptions, ulcers, glandular swellings, ai kindled uuttruril manifestations of ila- i icrnal blood poison, which, if not prompt expelled from the system, attacks thc ile cale tissues of thc lungs, causing them ulcerate and luvnk down. Dr. Pier? "(.leiden Medlcm Discovery" ls thc gri remedy foi this, a?*for all diseases hnvii their origin tn had blood. It Improves ti Appetite and digestion, incroucs nutrid and builds up the wasted system. The young man who stood on his ot merits became very much fatigued with t performance. "s. . > ? .,. , ON THU WAY HOME, A s.il I loi| II y by Kui'iuer BtiiukiMilv, do 'long, old maro. Let's KOO: PVQ got tho molasses, un' tho thread, un' tho plow-pint, un' Sui's shoo that was mend ed, nu' the paper. So Cleveland is really in tho White House un' at work. The pa por says he's pftttin' in thu Bourbons ut a great rate. Somehow 1 don't like thal, paper ns 1 used to. It don't seem to tell the wholo truth an' notion' but tho truth, as I used to suppose it did. 1 was in ut noighbor Straight's an' picked up a paper called tho Voice that had a heap ot nows in it that 1 never found in my tiopublicnn papers. 1 intend to hear both Hides ol these things utter this. Well, I voted for Blaine, after all my lennin's to S1 .lohn. Fact, they sort of bull-dozed mo wqou 1 got to tho polls. There was I '.lih r i'rand met me oil the Btre< t. "I do hope," says he, "that you won' cast half a voto for such a moral leper as Clovolnnd. The great issue ill this campaign is moral purity, and every Christian man should vote f >r I'lnine. An' then come the Scpiire. "I tell you," said he, "Cleveland is a man of no capacity whatever, no experience in pub lie allai rs. He'll fust 1)0 tho tool of tho worst clements of his party, Have you ficen what the ministers of Chicago say itbout?" An' then be took the tobacco put of his mouth an' read somelhin' like Ibis: "ltcsolvi I, That for the sake of Lho South, for tho sake of this country, for tho salta of temperance and Prohibi tion, for thc sake of the family and the reform against polygamy, tho election of fas. G. Blaine is tho necessity of tho [tour." "Excuse mo a minit," says ho, ind ho started oil to catch a saloon kcopor who was coming along-. Ho lalki il with him for about live minite au' tlion banded him something in the Tri mm- to read, and then come back to me. "Here's another," says he, "ol' tia se ?pinions of the clergy that every Chris tian man ought to read bofore votin' tor uich a d d ira m I as St, Johr, Kx mse me, deacon, I don't ol'' li swear, nit the hypocracy of these feilors what is disgraoiu1 the cause of temperance makes nu- mad," So he pulled out u paper an' read a string of resolutions by tho olorgy of New Kork, One of Vin ivas, "not to cast a half-voto for tho I lena eratic party wi; li tho semi-sanction . f impurity and dissipation, nor a whole lote for a mau whose name is now the conspicuous synonym of incapacity and iucoutincnoy. ' Then he began read in' Ihireliard's speech, but just as he got to ike last i nd of it the saloou-keopor conic aver where we was standin' and says, .'That is Very ali tactoiy, and he ti K a Kepublic.m ticket an' went on to tho nolls. As soon as he was out of bearing the Squire went on with Barnhard's mccoll, an' ho put a good emphasis on tin "Kum, Ltomunismandllobcuiou," These things had BOli of staggered me wheu good old General busy come along. Bless his gray beard! Weall know he was a true mau in Congress, am! be eel.- - like ovory man's friend. "Dea con," says he, "I'm very anxious about this election. There's thc brass factory over at the liver shut doun, not to re sumo unless Blaine is elected. And hero ?a tho hunker Democracy list reaelnn' af ter tho spoils. If they get in where will we bo? What will Income of Civil Servico lloform? And 1 toll you if lho Democrats get in I should not bc sur prised M tiny repealed all the laws again t polygamy, and just let Utah into the Union, Mormons and all." There .s.e. no doubl the good old man boliovcd what he was sayin' "And as for tem pi rance,'' ho went on, "you know 1 ?un ii true temperance man. St. .lohn Couldn't help the cause il' llOWOSOlcotcd, end he can't possibly be elected, for the majority o? tun- tempor?neo mou nro ilgailisl him. Alter election 1 will go OMI- this county myself ?in' speak on temperance, and w< will put up a first rate candidate lor the State Legislature." Steady, old mare, over this new road. Well, sir, my resolution just oozed out with all this talk. I forgot everything but the incapacity and wickedness of Cleveland and tin- Democrats, and the it ux ie ty of good mon for Blaine's elec tion, ami I brushed past yoting Straight who had the Prohibition tickets, though I couldn't bel]) admiring his grit, and grace, too, for I knew he was doing his Christian duty 1 brushed post him and putin my ballot for blaine. Pm afraid that ballot was throws d away. Cleveland's incapacity ain't conspicuous as 1 ox pee ted it would be. l in- trass works OCSUmcd about a week after ideation there's, the smoke ol' 'om now. And as for the Mormons and the fullors what was crowdin' out the In dians, they seem to be skipping and clearing out more than ever before. I'm af raid those good mon what I followed was party-blind themselves. Not that 1 lu lu ve ni the Democrats us a party. Why, Noighbor Crook, who's been a Democrat always, has come out since election, and says ho can't stand his party any longer, now hr' sees a bettor place to go to, and jinod the Prohn u tiouists. 'l in- Democrats is bod, but not BO bud as whiskoy* Thc Republicans limy better, but they ure not good enough to suit me. If they bud done ?heir duly this temperance question would not be so big us it is to-day. Well, when I got home wile M-.VS, "Ulirrah for St. .lohn," un' I was kinder hamed to tell her who I voted for, Ho I edged around ?ind told her what the mon on the street told me. .My stars! didn't lar oyes begin to snap I Sho just (ired Dp and swept away their arguments like so many cobwebs. "Who are the hopo oritea," says silo, "the honest men who vote tor what they believe to be right, or politicians, like tho Squire, who say . me fiting to the saloonists, and another to the tempor?neo men, and get'em both to volo the Bamo ticket V" Whoa! I say. .lim! .lim! Come und put cut the maro. Tho Voico, Kai 11 nail i ie; in Mexico, ..But thc railroads iu Mexico uro re markable. I like tho way Mexicans bike life. I don't believe wo know how to live here or in P.uropo. We go so fast and we work all tho time. Now it took me a whole day to KO about fifty miles." "By railroading?" "Yes, by railroads. We went very slow and took it easy, but wo might have irrived at our destination a littlo earlier if the conductor hadn't bad a lot of j-ameeocks along and an engagement for a cock-fight at every station. It was in teresting, don't vou know, but I don't . bink I II go to Mexico again for some time." TUM MI LK-A-MI NI TH MYTH. l-'iist Tlllio M lui?) liv ICllllwtl) Train- in Ami iii a 1111(1 i:ni;lanil. (Mow Voi le. Mall uml Kxprc ss.) ."lt is interesting to study railroad statistics," Haiti a railroad director t<> a Mail mid Expresa roporter. lin con tiuued in tho sumo strain, "There aro 21)0,000 niilcs of railroad in tho United States, In is.v> tho railways of tho United States carried 312,780,011 pas sengers and 100,<153,43(.l tuns ol freight, l'?ach porson was transported an average distonco of 2:1 miles; lionco tho ontiro movement ou all tho roads w.ts ciiual to carrying 8,511,300,07-1 persons ono milo. Massaehusotts hikes thc lead in pa . M gor tram-portion, with 53,800,887; Pcnu aylvauia uext, then Now York, [Him Now Jorsoy and Ohio. Jn freight ton ungo i'onnaylvania takes tie" lead v.nh 105,507,010 tons, and .New York second. There are about 25 milos of double track, sidings, otc, ll) locomotives, 1521 freight cars, .) baggage and mail and b> passen ger cars for ovory 100,000 miles of rail road in thc United .Suites. ".Speed in hard to average. Tho 00 ami 75 miles an hour train is generally n myth. An average of hs .l-lu miles per hour ia tho fastest time in tho I uited Stab s. This is made on tho Pennsyl vania 'limited' in its run from Jorsey City to Philadelphia, '.*o miles, in li than two hours. Tho 'Flying Dutch man' train is supposed to make tho fastest t?UO in tho world, between Lon don and Bristol, 118J miles, in less than two hours. The average, though, OVi n of this fust train is only 50J miles nor hour. There are several other trains noted lor remarkably fast time on short distances. Sometimes a straight and even grade fora distance of 20 miles will permit ?1 train to run at tho rato O? more than a mile a minute. Ono tram on the Canadian Paciiloroad, from Cotanoauto Ottawa, averages 50 miles an hour for a distance of 78 miles. On tho Central road the late Mr. Vanderbilt traveled at tho rate of 00 milos an hour. An uvoi OgGOfSOj miles an hour is considered fast traveling. Many t.f tho limited, lightning expresses do not go at a faster rate. Tho value of railroads in tile United States exceeds eight billious ol dollars." Tho Churches in Ho- i ulled St at CH. | lt is sometimes asserted that Chris tianity is losiug its hold upon the une M in the United States. Statistic iliow that this is quito a mistake Indeed, thc opposite of the assertion i s amply -bown by the ligures. The religious division of tho COUSUS of 1880 has not yet bei :i published, -so thal lue public is deprived of the ligures made up from authorita tive statements of representatives of tho dillbrout branches of the Christian Church. Dut enough data are obtaina ble from other trustworthy sources to enable us to make a fair estimate. The ri suit of such estimate is to show that the increase in churchs, ministers and communicants mon: than keeps paco with the increase in population. A computation of the statistics of tho ( ?lurches of the United States made four years ago shows that at that time there were 115,010 churches, 81,717 ministers ami 17,207,1 78 communicants, including 0,832,051 Doman Catholics. These lig ures did not bichillo .Mormons or Jews. The year books of 1880 show that the same religious bodies now number 132, 135 churches, 01,011 ministers ami l\ Dis,'.?77 communicants, allowing tho Catholic population to uuuibor r,000, iioo, which would ho a gain of but 107, UOO in four years. The not gain of four years is thusshowu to 1?.: 15,235 churches, or at the rate of lOj per day; 1,018,700 communicants, or at tho rate of 1,117 everyday, and 10,10-1 ministers, or more than 2,500a year. Unless these ligures can bo shown to bo untrustworthy, tho claim that the masses are lulling awns from tlc- churches i.s COntradioh d. lt is interesting to not?- tho relative strength ol the various religious bodies which iigure in those stan ties. Tho lhmian Catholics stand tlrst, with a membership of 7,000,000. The fourtci u . lilli rent Methodist organizations como nest, with a total membership ol' 1,532, 058; tim baptists third, with 3,727,020; Presbyterinns fourth, with 1,082,130; Lutherans lifth, with 030,830; Congre gationalists sixth, with 130,370, ami Episcopalians seventh, willi 130,531. The entire P. otostant Church member ship is placed at 12,018,077. Of the gains of ibo last four years the Method ists aro to be credited willi mute than one-half the ministers and with one third of the churches ami membership, Tho growth of this body is enormous, it having orison within one hundred years from a membership of 13,000 to 1,532, 'ins nt thc close of fast year. The churches of tho United States, if classified according to form of church government, would naturally fall under three heads, Episcopal, Congregational and Presbyterian. In the first, which is tho largest class, should be placi d Catii olios, Episcopalians, Methodists and Mo ravians, their combined memberships aggregating 11,787,770, Tho Congrega tional polity includes baptists, Congre gationalists, Advents, friends 011(1 some minor divisions of the Methodists, with Oil aggregate membership ot 1,520,412, Undor tho Presbyterian lorin conic tho various Presbyterian bodies, as well OS tho Lut horans and Mennonites, with a membership of 2,710,632, There is ovory reason to expect that the growth in church membership will increase rather than diminish. Tho di Ile rent church bodies are improving their methods both in extent and in ell'octivencss. Sunday-schools have of lute years beconio more numerous, and have bocomo, too, better means ol pro moting tho growth of the Church. Nearly ono thousand preachers of Chris tianity are at work, and of late years thc standards of fitness for the ministry have been very much raised. The ('burch, clergy as well as laity, is better ?dllOOtod. and for that reason is all thc better lilted to teach that morality without winch I'bri..tinnily cannot expect to cope with itt? enemies or to pince its followers in snob light before tho world 08 that they may by their lives teach its all-important lessons._^ ^ _ A Elutbond's Greatest messing Ia o strong, healthy, vigorous win-, with a clear, handsomo oomplozion, These can all bo acquired by using Dr. Dorter's Iron Tonic. Sin has many tools, but a He is the bandit which Hts thom all. ?KIM JaMMM0MIUnMaMM?MW?MMUH ?n-wiM???. *?. nu?; ou? SOUTH. .\ I li; AI rut i, TKIIlUTb ni ni i: i.l ri KA i l KI:. Ilair-I'\ii'tiu((?)ii Writers w i". \v< rc (.innis In Their Day- lin- Hoys ol Hui Old Koli I ll in College Wlicrii 'Vu.. <:.. Now-Too Much Of tho imlUr-.U.ikln? KloillOlll un Top Now. (From th.- Louisville Courier-Journal.) Within Hie post ?ow years it 1ms bo I come tho fashion among literary oritics to doprcoiato tito literature produced in tho South before i'm. war, ami lo point to autc-bclhtin days as a porioil almost barren of literary ucbiovoment. Indeed, it hus been with this (usliion as with all fashions--it 1ms boon exaggerated and overdone. In our acal to placo thc laurel on tho brow ol tho hero <>f to-day, we have forgotten bin predecessors, and wo have whispered ii,t'> his cai, "Thou art Hie ilrst of thy race." Now far bo it from my intention to say aught against tho fair name of the m w gonoration of writers that 1ms sprung up iu the South since tho war. No South erner anyw here h prouder limn I am of sueii names as Thompson and Craddock and Harris. But now, it with tho ancient Oloitus I dare say to tho boro, "Thy father, Philip, nf Macedon, was also a great mun," I hope 1 may not meet Hie lalo ol' that faithful, hut ti". , ho id, censer. In offering a criticism of anything writtOH in the South before tho war, one is ooufrontod with an amount of preju dice which is indeed xcmurkub'.c. Tie average Southerner has formed Iiis opinion of anto-bcllum literature not from actual study of tho literature itself, but rather from tho biased criticisms of i Northern writers. He roads Griswold, i and is told thot Simnri Wa-; a voluminous writer, but entirely without literary merit, and that Hoi- was ii drunken and conceited fool. Froi i S tedman bo IcaruH tina Walt Whitman is tit.) ne plus ultra of American pools, and tl.id Ibero was no intellectual achievement i.i tho South before th'' war, )?.;. "human . lavery was 'bc basis ?? b I physic.-.! life." I l?xamine thc library ol the tolerably well road Southerner, and what will you lind? There will bo Rtyunt and Long fellow, ?iud Lmerson and Hawthorne, and all th? r it of Ibo N rt!lera writer.-. But 1 would bo surpris.*! ii you found anything by Poe, and I am HU ru yoi. would ii nd nothing by Wiujliington Allston or C. PinkueV, or Henry Timrod or Albei t Pike. '?b. I hi ui.vand and one volumes ii Coopdi's novels would Iii cotiapicu us, bu ?? ai would look in vail! for "Sw.dlow JiilVil" and "lloriuttlm Itobinsoib" and "Martin Faber" and "Cuslli Dv.enul." Now, surely such uuHlt'e renee is not justified by a Jock of iutriusio merit in our literature, a i ! tho Southern po )ple rtro doing themselves un injustice when they all?W theinsulVCS to bO persuade I that there is anything in then' literary history to bo ashamed of. Iii l#i)0 thal scholarly and accom plished writer, John lt. rhempson for a long limo ellb-i of the Souther;,! I.denny Messenger entered into au agreement with J ulm listen Cook to publish uh edition of thc "Poets and Poetry of tho South." But tho war, thai blighter m hopos, ?.'ame on. "A wind came oui of thc clouds hy night, Chilling and killing." and so thc leaves, scarcely begun lo bl gathered, wore scattered again. But they wi re the fresh leaves of a noble and im passioned people s spring time, and let us for a moment enjoy thoir fragrance Hid you ever read Washington Alb ston's "Sylph.-, ot tho Seasons" and "Thc Paint bing.''' They ure wild und beautiful. Vdu would divine they wore written by au artist, even if you did not know that Allston was one ol tl io great est of American painters. Ho is to us what Dauto Gabriel Rossetti is to ling laud lld is tho painter poet. indeed, tho soil of Carolina grew many sweet and fragrant leaves. There were thc lyrics of tho two Timrods, tho book binder and his son. When Washington Irving read William Timrod's ode "To Time,'' ho exclaimed, "Tom Moore has written no lluorlyric." "Autumnal Day in Carolina" and "Sons of tho I nion," written during tho nullification contro versy, and lloury Timrod's "Vision ol Poesy" und "Rhapsody of a Southon] Wint. r Night" ami "Summer Bower"all have about them the scent of the foliage Of a Southern forest. Henry Tinned is much admired in the North, and Whit tier und Stoddard 1 ave gone so far us to sa > that lu is Lb greatest poe t tho South ha i yet pro laced, But lue only true ;> >rtraita oi Son lt oin lifo before thc nar aro to bo foun I in tho novels of Kennedy and Simms, 'l.t., iuii.ie.de willi the accuracy ot au actual observer t ii ukurocter and cus toms ofn period thai bas boon' tho source oi much controversy. 1 think if thc revilers of Ibo anti bellum South would read h?hest old Kennedy's "Swallow Lain," they would desist (rom their 8? u.solo?n'vituporalions. Std I the Nord; American K. view: " The story of Abo and tho hogro mother, for pathos uni power, is not snrj ed by anything that DOS yet appian lin the literature of our country." Hut I have time, only to mention some ol our othor writers, ibero wa? Riobard Henry Wilde, whoso FOSOOrohOS on Torquato Tasso produced suoh a sens ; Hon in lhirope; und then tho brother Oooko; and John James Audubon, the traveler und naturalist; and diaries Gayarri, tho historian; and Judge Long, street, whoso "Georgia Boones" was tho pioneer lU this dialect literature winch ls SO much "tin style just now, you know. " And now OOmos PoO, thc greatest oi Hiern all. But the critics buvo tried to Htoal him away from US und give him to tho North. Even Maurice Thompson liints that Poo WOS only half a South omer. Cable and Craddock have "iden tilled themselVOS with tho North," but who would call them Northern writers': Yes, l'oc was a Southerner, and a South omer to thc core. His father WOS n Southerner, ho was born in tho South, ho was raised in a typioal Southern bull ly, and his sentiments and tomperanicnl ? wore iutonsoly Southern. J Rut Mr. Thompson nays that "not ont ot* Poe's pooina waa distinctly Southorn in its conception and coloring." Now Mr. Thompson is a groat authority, but I bog le ave to differ with him. I would ask ii' a Northern writer has ever pro duced anything "grotesque and ara besque?" That awful und poworful wierdness of Poe's writings waa tho ex ponent of tho misfortune and misery of an intensely passionuto Southern uaturo. "Tlie Bayon is u nightmare of a hot summer's night. Havo not all Southern and orienud writers thia characteristic gorgeousness? Ls not Danto'? "Inferno" characterized by this sumo horrible grandeur? Indeed your Puritan poets, wlule they could point tl io world to a fabio and pruttlo of slavery, wero utterly incapable of moving tho human soul to its very depths and riveting it iu intense emotion, 0* I o WOO wont to do. Evou Stcdmau si . hut Hawthorne was no bettor roma. 01 'lian Poo. "The Pall of tho House Usher" is a grund mus terpioce, und will go to posterity on equal looting with "Tho Legend of Sleepy Hollow" und "The Grout Steno Face." I As a poet Poe is unsurpassed by any I of his countrymen. "Annabel Lee" is one of the purest gems of tho English language. With the Europeans, and especially with the French, "Tho Haven" is thc beat known of American poems. And "Ulahimo," and "The I blunted Paloco" and "Israfel"- who has written anything liner than those? They are not only poetry, but they uro lino paintings and grand music. "lt was hard by tho dim luke of Auber, In tho misty mid region of Weir It was down by tho dank tarn of Auber, in the goul haunted woodland of Weir" What imagery! What music to tho oar! Poe's foot were winged, and they could wander in that "land east of tho sun and west of the moon,'' in that border lund of all the arts, lt is true ho did not write as much as Longfellow. Ho did not have time. Longfellow died at seventy-live, l'oc ut thirty-nine. Tho lark hud just begun his morning Hight when the hunter brought bini down. Hut tlie clear, passionate notes of this songster will ilout down many ages to come. But why go farther? Did not the old South have a literature*? Did not her generous soil grow literary genius as well as every other kind of genius? Por ten years the critics-Northern, and I blush to say Southern, too-have racked their brains in tho endeavor to formulate au hypothesis to explain what they aro pleased to cull the 'dearth of Southern literature liefere tho war." In their efforts b> Hud a cause for a result which docs not exist oxcopt in their own minde they have vilified our fathers and pro claimed them an uncultured and uulet torcd people. Hut 1 deny the charge in toto. Could a mau be idle who directed the mauagemont of tho broad thousands o? .-eres of tl Southern plantation? i ould a mun be idle and govern, protect and provide for live hundred or a thou ? sulid slave .? Could fl mun without in ! dlistry and executive ability bring ugri oulture to suoh a state of perfection ami make mother earth yield so bountitully beforo tho war? 1 know the Southern planter did not do manual labor. No wealthy mun docs that to-day. ? And was the ante-bellum Southerner i.ynculturod? 1 declare that tho culture au'd rclluomont in the Soul h before tho war" wore such as tho world hus seldom seen. l'hoy were a noble, u chivulric, a pat.dOtio people. They were not only gentle -*u maimers, but they were gent?o ut houri'v And w as the old South uncultured? W here- li To boys went to college before th?; war, o nly two go n.iw. nor educa tional instl tutions were tho lincst in tho land. The.te were the universities of Virginia, Mi wissippi mid North Caroli na. William AI, Lvurts sent his son to tho university of Virginia, "because," ?ii i bo, "it is t he host m tho land." Hut tili critic say Hi e Sout hern boy did not study. 1'ei haps not, bu? tho Northern boy at "Harvard squoozoii through at '.fifty," while the Muthern froy had to toe tho mark at "uovonty-ilvor at tho University of Virginia. And, I dare say, ?herc was liss dissipation at then Uivor sity of Virginia bof.oro tho war th'uu there is .it I bu vard to-day. Vos, I um proud of the old South. I am proud of her people; J um proud * 1e r deeds; i um proud of her bli o?*. Hut J am glad tho war turned out as it did; 1 uni glad that Domooraoy tri umphed, und that all mon ure now equal before the law ; und I rejoice hoart;,y ut tho material progress tho South is now making. But listen to my prophecy: Tho condition of things in tho [South to-day does not sit well on tho Southern temperament. There is too much of tho dollar-making, Tho Southerner is con servative. Hut he is proud and strong, and things must yield to his will. Tho fabric of ante-bellum society is tho ono Hud suits him the best, und it is Hie one which ho will weave for himself again? Within the noxt aoxt score of years tho l>n.kc.i throads will bo taken up nguiu and woven into u fabric whoso texture v> ill be liner and stronger than ever bo fore. lt will bo u free, a d?mocratie aristocracy, And then--thu South will be tho grandest land on Clod's earth. .lons lH:\iiMtiu:vs WATKINS. Vanderbilt University. Ilaltimore Frlonil's Defalcation. A dispatch from l?ul?moro says: Por MK first time probably in tho history of tho Society of Prienda in this country tho treasurer of e Quaker mooting has turned defaulter. Edwin Blackburn, tho treasurer of tho Friends' Lombard Street .Mis ting in this oity for many years, luis i ieee deposed from his responsible posi tion, a dolicit of about &b,UOU having la en discovered in his accounts. Mr. blackburn was recognized as ono of tho most trustworthy men in tho city. Ho was a loader in tho Lombard Street .Meeting and particularly interested in tho friends' mission work among tho I adiana. Ho is over (IU years of agc and hus a wife und two daughters. Tho dis covery was made recently whon ho was called upon for church funds and could aol deliver, ito then confessed that ho had used the monoy with tho intention, of course, of making good tho dolloionoy. ' If bilious, or suffering from impurity of blood, or weak lungs, aad fear of Con i sumption (scrofulous disease of thc lunga), t ike Ur. Pierce,! '-Golden Medical Discov ery," and it will euro you. Hy druggists. A young woman who had lost her speech hy a severe cold, had twenty oilers of mar? J 1 riugc la one week.