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ukkib iiu'roml He - EiiUrprlse -t uu&iDg. Compdiij V A. J. QUARK, One Year, ? $ 1.00 isix Montiisr * 59 cts (Three Months 25 cts y In Advance. Saturday, July 30, 1898. > LAyCASTER'S Fl Its I l vs / /TUTF. \ ' * win Institute of J'ttrtmt's for j farmers tnttl (>;/ formers tercsttll{J A<f<li' > '< > In/ rs front t'teii:*tm. The first Farmer^' Institute' *' ever held in Lancaster county1 xvas held at St. Luke Thursday,! and it was well attended by public, the ladies as well . - t! e men having turtted out in biree1 numbers, probably not 1 than) 500 people having attend i. The speaking win all d"n?? by members of the ! cult ' ( <' n? son College. oeii an expar' in ltis department. The first sneaker was I'rof. iS. Newman, who i< at 1 h<? j of (he agricultural dv pari iih n! " Clemsun, and editor oi a n;o-l celleni agricultural papm-. out h- ; ern Fanner and 11?>r* icult uri-ti Mr. Newman ishiim n;i! of matI i ters ngriculi ural and horticultural, and has the happy laculty of sol presenting these subjects as !<?j interest (he public. lie. however. I confined his discussion to the! subject of agriculture, though !: j is as interesting and practical on j horticulture *- he is on ngricul t ure. A Iter some general introductoi remarks in which he con'rain-1 lateil Lancaster count v as I??>?j one oi the lir>t counties hi the j Strife to organize tin auxiliary j farmers* in-tiluie. ami iiilviseil ! the farmer* to stick to t!io Aili anre, lie w? ill inio his Miljcct ' ; roinruUinj that the latum:; iliteres'c l in plant 1 ithcemisej the plant i th<* only thin.; Ih : i I can or^an'/.e the ileatl . matter of the c-artli i:11 !i. I 'on: is t In* only J!iii?_r i i:.?* < organize am! collect* fi 111 iln , earth the elements tiiat co: -. ji tute corn ; wheat is the oi.y i thiny tlia! can < rnanize ami c ?1 lect 5r< 1.1 the earth tin* eletne.it that < ill. into lite cotejiosiii<in i of wheat. In ni1 r v .'n. t soil of the earth < < : tain* all th element - t hat y . t > ? i-i!: * i:; wheat, h if if Ih r ; Inn I 4 ?. .. : m . i in; >\ in."iti \\ : I I " r ' " :r : ' \ to collect 1 !iOSO i ' ! . ?fchtlie earlh "> * to u? : 1 V , less fitli con* ii - .ill 11 agriculU mv nil' .-lined i'i < . Imt taught in ty wuv lo collect grade, it is ohm > ; r. would be w iv ? ,r. i. mid th ' much more i < i,i/.- 1 struction nrighem fh.it than it is at pras< |.| t imn, r . furred from the (? < ? m " here were in all o ^"l^^conrses in! f ? '?: enemy Yflktfn ^ t <Jf tin sVin tiago d(- hfo if < . . I Sfviii.t wan "> .i ' ' i appalled fly sf**tifici:t 1 < : !.\| ' hind you ran a . j ? ?>?.?. >: well-nigh ini]).' ' eon-dilute n i while lo the If -i thai i- , ill Upon high ' '' i?r d' no ] :'!i a dense t i' limn car n . I eh could only 11"' 1 'im. I ho1 | die pal ha, toere.-fcd in ihal i in;e of I he op * i "Nothing d 4 J kind of plant, life?will be interested in planting corn. The seed represents death, burial and resurrection. The parent plant stores up in the seed all the food necessary to sustain the plant until is is able to draw sustenance from the soil, J;just as in animal life. For instance, the yellow of the egg serves to mis tain the little chick till it can ge! out of the shell and hustle fori a living. To germinate seeds heat, moist ! tire and air are indispensably j necessary. Some ictjuire more i heat than others, bet all require j heat in varying degrees. \Vh??at I v. ii! go. initiate at. a temperature: !<? degrees, but cotton rivpiires j :i much higher temperature. i Some seed will germinate only in ; i Ik- i.ill though sown in summer. the vetch, which all farmers miouM grow as a pasture plant, iJv lii" way, the vetch belongs io (iial cla.'S of plants known as legumes. an 1 has the power to .? bi < ' nitrogen from the atmos phere ami deposit it in the soil, similarly to 1 he pea. Kelerring to the circulation of lite sap in plants and trees, he remarked that the sap is in circulation till lite lime, very much as >h.' blood in animal life, and liiat as nourishment is given to animal j lite through its blood so is the J nourishment of plant life conveyed to the plant through its sap. All food must be given lo the plant in solution in water or 11 ?isfti;o. and as the plant needs j the lood it is then conveyed I hrough the sap. and after r* ach- : ing the i\t remities of the plant,. h i'ei urns downward, adding e [ i'?"l!.-> of growth libre, either on I !: in ode ?>l" the outside o! ! 11*. i ohm: according to the nature of I . :...7in\ NM I i:.;. j. i-:. I:NIM:uimi:NT. I ! n answi".' {<> 1 lie* (juestion hew are we In know what plant j !' ;!)! In furnish.*' tlie ,-prakei . - a i 11 we must interrogate nature j .i..i v..ill ami watch for !!*? an , >wer. Thai is. we must t jt/'ci ii/iunt. We must nse certain !er j lilizers upon certain crops anil ahsn've the results. Ii potash is r.pplieil to a certain crop upon a cerlain foil anil t her^ is no in j i- in the viei l. t he eonclu l '!:.; 1 t!i:?1 land or tlm* ' !"]>. J i??i< "i- hot!i, dons not 11 oe<I potash. I!, .i > 111; hand. the viol ! ' . (>vi1 r 11i"t?vion \ i ar ! ji il s-!i \v as not used, ! the : nat and iju'vitab! con elusion \\ i n Id I'f 1 hat 1 hit 'and was d' li' icnt iti ]>otash. and llial I ;! !* l'ino it should I)" -it]) tdi<'d. . ri- arid is * :]?li? <l ' 'i a r i:d 111 s o i 5 no |r o ar j>ti ! - . 11io vi 1 '. :!n-' ion wunld not ! io i itr 11 >1; rat ion ol i..?t tloiiienl to il:o -alio' land and too ii l:; x ' !<* 1 iirut of Icrl i!i. r' 11 i- af>pli?*d to land I hat. is dr!:ri?>nt in jdios- j [ iiorin arid, tin* .art ol i:* do!: j doncy will 'a shown by an in iciii-cd ^row! h in tho (M'oj). Sim inrily as to nitro^on. < >11 of about 7<> ohunenM f "'.'ii In nature, I here are prae ! 1 i< . !!v only tliroo that ran ho ap [ ! 'ml to Iho soil, to wit; nilrogen, ( [>li*i phnric ari l and potash, of lir-r nitrogen is tar the most ox)rpsivo, il it has to ho supplied hrough tiio channels of com^^neotinb / I merce. But fortunately Ibr tin farmer, there is plenty of nit'ro Sen at home, and it is as free a the air we breathe?it is part am parcel of the ocean of atmosphere in which we are constantly en veloped ami in which we nmv< ami have our Ijeing. The on); thini; f?r the fanner to do to ge a supply of tlris otherwise costl; fertilizing ingredient is to plan the leguminous plants, such a the pea or clover. That solve the problem. The other elements must b 1.ought by tiie farmer. Original!; lie? source of phosphoric aci< was 1 ho bones oi animals, am ilu* source of potash was ashes Those wore neeessarially ver limited. Now the former is oh taiued Irom t ho phosphate rock of Charleston and Florida, am the latter Irom the immense do posits of potash salts in (iei many, both of which supplies ar practically inexhaustible. Thes< elements applied to peas enable that plant to make bolter return ol nitrogen to the soil. The po being a nitrogen collector, it Ibl lows that the bettor the growtl of peas is the more nitrogen wil they collect iVoni the atmosphere Hence, it pays to apply the tw mineral elements of fertilizers t peas. The pea is valuable to til I,inner in anot her way?to suppl; vegetable matter to the soil without which the soil horonip hard ami inure readily loses it moisture. A familiar illustra tion of the value of ve^etahf matter, or humus, 1o the soil i ve?'ii in the superior fertility o .all old fence row where veaeta l)!e matter has heen decay in lor years. The pea vine h ths renovate ol the soil, ami he who tails l avail himself of its value wil fall far behind in t he arirrieultur:i procession. "lint." observed the speakei soil he, i //) fioi'it'l/i/iOi/ b uTowinj; pea vines and out I in fin-in oil. unless snllicicnt plan phorio :u-id and potash are ap plied )<? the land." both ot whie are taken from the land by th pea vine, and mu*t therefore b feiurned in order to maintain til fertility of tlie soil mm!- m:at:vi; yam i: or j*i: \ vim:An idea of t he value of t h pea vine as a fertilizer may l> obtained when it i-. remcmbere that it. will take 1 I tons of slab] manun or one ton of cotton r -e meal to furnish as much nitro^e to an acre of land as i <_nn I i-ro of pea vines, an-1 of course th vims. if N'lt upon 1 hi* irin 1 will furnish more lnimns tin > :l!icr, va-tly inert' limn tin* ?'o| ton x't'il Illi'fll. Mill win In it h important ! milium* '?iir lands so vs l" loin t iii'in up to :i lii^li -> t: 11? of ? nlti Vl'l iI. tlicro 11) a V 111' II L'l't' if ??f 111ot <*v wasted in inaniiiini ami t<i; mi is, 1<\ n |?J?1 \ i wrnnir kind t.i fertili/.er. l'?.t i i - a v . ?! i i a I >1?* I"* * r I ilizer. hill In ply potash upon lane] that a! a.ly has a sutlieieney of clement in it is pr? m 1 i ir.i I it y. In first tiling l?> do, then. i:i l!: improvement of lain! is to a r.?i lain what llin land is ?!^ti :i i; ?that in, diagnose Mm ea>e, a the physician wntihl cav. am then apply the' proper medicine IMI.OKT A< 'K OF Sll M.l.oU t ll,TIV\ TOIV. Tn the cultivation of Mm crop i e plow shallow and do not break - tho roots of the plants that you s arc trying to cultivate. The roots 1 were furnished by nature to eon s vey to the plant the t'ood it needs in its growth and development. 0 and if you cultivate deep you | v* break these roots and thus hinder I t the growth aim development of| v the plant?in short, you defeat' t to a great extent, the purpose for s | r. hich you cultivate. If you will ! s wash up the roots of a cotton I stalk when it is hulling well, you' t, will find that many of its roots! v- are S or 10 feci long and that lb"' 1 earth, just under the surface, is i i veritable net work of roots. I i looiv two crops <11 cotton and corn ^ and cultivated one just as my neighbors cultivated lli? irs. plow s ing deep and thus pruuinga great I many of t lie roots liom Mm stalks. The other I cultivated shallow. . using broad lint, plows. The re JsuH was tinmistakeahl v ami i-n? L, phatically in favor of the sha 1!- '\ .. I cult ivat ion. s 1 In* dest met ion of t he i oot < oi , , , ;i corn is more lata! tnan the ?le-j struct ion of cotton roots, 'i'lie lij latter has none recuperative 1 power than the corn ami will ?. lend out other roots to supply o the place of those destioyed. hut o j corn does not do that. I'he.v <hal j low while J lie crop isyoun^, plow e shallow when it is older and |>!'<r v shallow all the time in the colli I. j vat ion of the crops, said the s spenKor eniph ilically. Souse s think the ground will yet hard i! it is nut plowed deep. I li.it i- i e inistnlxi*. It will remain as tn?.*I - low with surface cultiv:iiion i< ii I cultivated a loot deep. V-Vcr plow laud when it i> too wet an 1 n do tint let stock run u|onii when it is wet. Until do nival and la t I ..'inn da mane to the land. sav I i >nothinn<>| the iiici'imm i dilli<-1.!t\ "| . I j ot cult i vat ion. 1 I '' I'llor. It tons SIT. A K?\ The next speaker was l'rol lliinns, head oi the int leinic V i and electrical dej>art ment oi < Memson. ! Ie e.\hil>il< i ; I.u : oi specimens oi the ork ot ;> in that instil lit ion. show in ' w .. h j I kind ol work was dole- e*rh \ear MM I IIO I our Void's ('Olll'-O. stlO \ I I. ir i? ! I just what a hoy ooul-l i!o woei. ; ho hail ruiiiph'U'il tins rour ' iu j t hat ilejiarl meiit of ( |.-u. ,.ui. out: v i i?> 1 or tirm 1:1 Kol'iu rinii to oleci ri 11 v ami . iiyhliilli^ roils, ho saio taal 11 111 '' 11 iii.tr rml a'o.uits w ! ? i in- yr>- o ??st e J liilliihliys ? li.it 'ravel I ho iaini. e\ ' <* ?|>t hook ayeiiI i \\ ' <!'! in .1 ! t \ 11 he siiotihi h.ivo in i If any . . i1 1 root ioli. I I ! ho ! .11:..! _ : i i '* I properly Ilia I' an I j?r"; r _ i: j>, it is a ju ot< . : i mi i i in' h> i 11 j hu? if ini|uopt-rl v >u . i* onrro o! Mo*iiaciny o.iii^- i 11 an v o| tin- rot! s j mi ' : i i ; r 1' ; < i.i! I ft 1 i i y 11! 11111l'o<l . ?"ii. 111\ j>:?)it'i'ii1 ?u :u . -in>n! i l,t- iu-ul i? i a nit i:!;i ;!' .' i I e X 1 e u I il)!'> ' '') 11 1 "? > ? > !, ,vli> I'-- ' In vi'.l ' !. ; mill;, n.-.i- , . > !li.- rml i;i i'i . .;i.. !;i? 11I ;i < >> > ! I ' .! l ull ll>! I ll 11 J*:it '* ' 1 .. plaeod ;i 'it i ?> im'v i . I In* j >l M 1 !-iV!ll si-cl i>Jii <ii * logel her siiuulo l> v. so as to furnish'- 1 " , i.n broken surl te - for a > i ipo oi i lie elect rioit \ . Li^lit luiitC I'i , :'< > i ^ i11 l l 1 >11tf s j 1 he people ii the fjuauti 0 ty of the rods they soil them and and in I ho radically defective methods of putting them up, but they humbug them in the price, eharging at least four times as much for them us they should cost. The rods upon the court house ist Chester cost $100. lie was sure he could put them up for $100 and have a clear profit of $.* () out of tiie jol<. This should open the eye- ( f us all. I bis address v.;i< ?re!i received ind furnished iptite an ioterest iog insight into the work of' that depart menf of < 'hon-mi 1'his speecli ?1 the moril| imr portion of tiie pn gram ;md I bronyht the ?ii 11;?*r hour. The i dinner was after the style of tin-* V | picnic?s pre;'.i 1 owl 11 j ; n eh.lhs I upon 'he ground 1?> which all IcotiM easily train access. There /////// have l?ei*n sonic 1 >o*.Jy in the | crowd w ho had not been inter or-led by tlie e.;eid!ant addresses o| the inorniiu:: l?nt all were in! tep-sti d particip iu< - in the din j^. tier, which seeiil d to he in great, i abundance and ol a cor re? pond in.!* J11 a 1 i 1 y. l ltol i I.INhSi'M.I S SI'KMe* The inner man having been sati-lied. the -peaking Was re-limed, i re i link-eaies opening t he y 11eruoon j? -el i> n oi' t b" pro irrain. Mr. ' 'iink-eales soon had ^ 1 in1 crowd, i io-inu up around the .-land, eager '? cj-di every word t . I II I. ' I 11 < an 11 1 - ill-. I I is subject was r rou'i'i <>-,*' v?"d he illus 11* 11?1 the prompt - tl.at, is heinj* made iii \ iriou- -I ril\in_ ways, i oine o! which Wire pot a little I a 11111-. 111' iii in'.?! 11 . !. . > ]i. .1 in ; < If ?\ \r;iis l.?i.i ' ;>k('rV i ol ! HI .a { .nil 1 <il h. r hiijoHVji..'!'!! !'!^ ' ? >! uMi-iiitn-iil s \\iii !i ? i <ifi : 111 < i | i in* low n ii^liti'il I?_v oKvi rii-ity ^ j IfVi'lop >i h mm tin- :i .\v w t>;in.; I I.oWi'l' f?l I l|f r<?n V? 111cut ( ;|1 ;i W !i.t. Tin' -ptvikf-r sni'l t r?. v.ml'i III? A* I III ' . - .1 v I'i'.n'l ii'.l i. ; ?I l ion ;i :M i: conic , ?| 11 j I,. < ; m<- i 'i.In.' i ii" wori'l . k, i~. "\vi. c.ui you . ' Nut i wlu iv vun :.oi \<iii. lip'oiiiu :r I W'f-l'e Vol. ul.V.-l < I| l>ul 1 i i(:, i/.ni i/n.' Till. Ill < MVS I VI.KS. Tin* 1??i ?U r wis I'riif. W:i!ker. I'll' 'Min.tlm i>t oi i' 'iein <>n. or :'. i?i(ji 111:111. lie ? : !;c<! Is. ! i .:n? -s .lout I Mtrs i i:ixi?I hi ^ i imi v\ i'if >iriritiicnl.nl to t'.oir i mtii-.. "aniens awl orI I'llir !-. :i:. I : i i I < 111 those tllllt are lrie:i?]s 1.1 t ue airrieuhiirist. tho -1 II. ^ ii Me-1 his hour aiel -o:no ililless t Iioii it i lime lol't. I'iie Mill i ikiM'M Weill lo Well II. to I.. .?1 : I ol.iel" lie- 'ii| ol ; he iu-tiiule, an 1 llm\ .? r "I'eett-! !?v a I . -;o? , erov?|oi !i,i i.-sieil imjuirers t?r . i;?- * ?ii<ii i. novvle'liie a- loose i ei.t : : i. . ire iji-ofMitm' iie/ S ..j.; !ntliT. ; . y % M . * \ ' : i # (!,(> f i?r!M- n1 ji? ' \. lit?, w i 1! i.. p '? ^ .iturh . ; u M wiiai . i??. i i ml1 .i f . -> j i ' i.! < :.. v ? ^ S. < . i' I ' J i!< ? 'iiirjr i 'i., writ"* : ^ mp -"I I't I >. W ii'lc I; * -} \ |/ B| I' i >i r ?in ? ' \ \\ i' i ftiilih i1 horo uti'l not*.' i v II. i . ver it-oil j an> ?>?11 ~ hi my 'uri ? forty d i?t irsve fjiir.n I I ?)i? iv.ai'ti?ry rpttiilts tas.ntivo or < at uai tic.'' ( tawmril I'.ros.