Lancaster enterprise. [volume] (Lancaster, S.C.) 1891-1905, July 30, 1898, Image 2
ukkib iiu'roml
He - EiiUrprlse -t uu&iDg. Compdiij
V A. J. QUARK,
One Year, ? $ 1.00
isix Montiisr * 59 cts
(Three Months 25 cts
y In Advance.
Saturday, July 30, 1898.
> LAyCASTER'S Fl Its I l vs / /TUTF.
\ ' *
win Institute of J'ttrtmt's for j
farmers tnttl (>;/ formers
tercsttll{J A<f<li' > '< > In/ rs
front t'teii:*tm.
The first Farmer^' Institute'
*' ever held in Lancaster county1
xvas held at St. Luke Thursday,!
and it was well attended by
public, the ladies as well . - t! e
men having turtted out in biree1
numbers, probably not 1 than)
500 people having attend i.
The speaking win all d"n?? by
members of the ! cult ' ( <' n?
son College. oeii an expar' in
ltis department.
The first sneaker was I'rof.
iS. Newman, who i< at 1 h<? j
of (he agricultural dv pari iih n! "
Clemsun, and editor oi a n;o-l
celleni agricultural papm-. out h- ;
ern Fanner and 11?>r* icult uri-ti
Mr. Newman ishiim n;i! of matI
i
ters ngriculi ural and horticultural,
and has the happy laculty of sol
presenting these subjects as !<?j
interest (he public. lie. however. I
confined his discussion to the!
subject of agriculture, though !: j
is as interesting and practical on j
horticulture *- he is on ngricul
t ure.
A Iter some general introductoi
remarks in which he con'rain-1
lateil Lancaster count v as I??>?j
one oi the lir>t counties hi the j
Strife to organize tin auxiliary j
farmers* in-tiluie. ami iiilviseil !
the farmer* to stick to t!io Aili
anre, lie w? ill inio his Miljcct ' ;
roinruUinj that the latum:;
iliteres'c l in plant 1 ithcemisej
the plant i th<* only thin.; Ih : i I
can or^an'/.e the ileatl .
matter of the c-artli i:11 !i.
I 'on: is t In* only J!iii?_r i i:.?* <
organize am! collect* fi 111 iln ,
earth the elements tiiat co: -. ji
tute corn ; wheat is the oi.y i
thiny tlia! can < rnanize ami c ?1
lect 5r< 1.1 the earth tin* eletne.it
that < ill. into lite cotejiosiii<in i
of wheat. In ni1 r v .'n. t
soil of the earth < < : tain* all th
element - t hat y . t > ? i-i!: * i:;
wheat, h if if Ih r ; Inn I
4 ?. .. : m . i
in; >\ in."iti \\ : I I " r ' " :r : '
\ to collect 1 !iOSO i ' ! .
?fchtlie earlh "> * to u? : 1 V ,
less fitli con* ii - .ill 11
agriculU mv nil' .-lined i'i < . Imt
taught in ty wuv lo collect
grade, it is ohm > ; r.
would be w iv ? ,r. i. mid th '
much more i < i,i/.- 1
struction nrighem fh.it
than it is at pras< |.| t imn, r .
furred from the (? < ? m
" here were in all o
^"l^^conrses in! f ? '?:
enemy Yflktfn ^
t <Jf tin sVin
tiago d(- hfo if < . .
I Sfviii.t wan "> .i ' ' i
appalled fly sf**tifici:t 1 < : !.\|
' hind you ran a . j ? ?>?.?. >:
well-nigh ini]).' ' eon-dilute n i
while lo the If -i thai i- ,
ill Upon high ' '' i?r d' no ]
:'!i a dense t i' limn car n . I
eh could only 11"' 1 'im. I ho1 |
die pal ha, toere.-fcd in ihal i
in;e of I he op * i
"Nothing d
4
J
kind of plant, life?will be interested
in planting corn.
The seed represents death, burial
and resurrection. The parent
plant stores up in the seed all
the food necessary to sustain the
plant until is is able to draw sustenance
from the soil, J;just as in
animal life. For instance, the
yellow of the egg serves to mis
tain the little chick till it can ge!
out of the shell and hustle fori
a living.
To germinate seeds heat, moist !
tire and air are indispensably j
necessary. Some ictjuire more i
heat than others, bet all require j
heat in varying degrees. \Vh??at
I
v. ii! go. initiate at. a temperature:
!<? degrees, but cotton rivpiires j
:i much higher temperature. i
Some seed will germinate only in ;
i Ik- i.ill though sown in summer.
the vetch, which all farmers
miouM grow as a pasture plant,
iJv lii" way, the vetch belongs io
(iial cla.'S of plants known as legumes.
an 1 has the power to
.? bi < ' nitrogen from the atmos
phere ami deposit it in the soil,
similarly to 1 he pea.
Kelerring to the circulation of
lite sap in plants and trees, he
remarked that the sap is in circulation
till lite lime, very much as
>h.' blood in animal life, and liiat
as nourishment is given to animal j
lite through its blood so is the J
nourishment of plant life conveyed
to the plant through its
sap.
All food must be given lo the
plant in solution in water or
11 ?isfti;o. and as the plant needs j
the lood it is then conveyed
I hrough the sap. and after r* ach- :
ing the i\t remities of the plant,.
h i'ei urns downward, adding e [
i'?"l!.-> of growth libre, either on
I
!: in ode ?>l" the outside o! ! 11*. i
ohm: according to the nature of
I
. :...7in\ NM I i:.;. j. i-:. I:NIM:uimi:NT. I
! n answi".' {<> 1 lie* (juestion
hew are we In know what plant j
!' ;!)! In furnish.*' tlie ,-prakei .
- a i 11 we must interrogate nature j
.i..i v..ill ami watch for !!*? an ,
>wer. Thai is. we must t jt/'ci ii/iunt.
We must nse certain !er j
lilizers upon certain crops anil
ahsn've the results. Ii potash is
r.pplieil to a certain crop upon a
cerlain foil anil t her^ is no in j
i- in the viei l. t he eonclu
l
'!:.; 1 t!i:?1 land or tlm* ' !"]>. J
i??i< "i- hot!i, dons not 11 oe<I potash.
I!, .i > 111; hand. the viol ! '
. (>vi1 r 11i"t?vion \ i ar
! ji il s-!i \v as not used, !
the : nat and iju'vitab! con
elusion \\ i n Id I'f 1 hat 1 hit 'and
was d' li' icnt iti ]>otash. and
llial I ;! !* l'ino it should I)" -it])
tdi<'d.
. ri- arid is * :]?li? <l
' 'i a r i:d 111 s o i 5 no |r o ar j>ti
! - . 11io vi 1 '. :!n-'
ion wunld not ! io i itr
11 >1; rat ion ol i..?t tloiiienl to il:o
-alio' land and too ii l:; x ' !<* 1
iirut of Icrl i!i. r' 11 i- af>pli?*d to
land I hat. is dr!:ri?>nt in jdios- j
[ iiorin arid, tin* .art ol i:* do!: j
doncy will 'a shown by an in
iciii-cd ^row! h in tho (M'oj). Sim
inrily as to nitro^on.
< >11 of about 7<> ohunenM f
"'.'ii In nature, I here are prae !
1 i< . !!v only tliroo that ran ho ap
[ ! 'ml to Iho soil, to wit; nilrogen, (
[>li*i phnric ari l and potash, of
lir-r nitrogen is tar the most ox)rpsivo,
il it has to ho supplied
hrough tiio channels of com^^neotinb
/
I
merce. But fortunately Ibr tin
farmer, there is plenty of nit'ro
Sen at home, and it is as free a
the air we breathe?it is part am
parcel of the ocean of atmosphere
in which we are constantly en
veloped ami in which we nmv<
ami have our Ijeing. The on);
thini; f?r the fanner to do to ge
a supply of tlris otherwise costl;
fertilizing ingredient is to plan
the leguminous plants, such a
the pea or clover. That solve
the problem.
The other elements must b
1.ought by tiie farmer. Original!;
lie? source of phosphoric aci<
was 1 ho bones oi animals, am
ilu* source of potash was ashes
Those wore neeessarially ver
limited. Now the former is oh
taiued Irom t ho phosphate rock
of Charleston and Florida, am
the latter Irom the immense do
posits of potash salts in (iei
many, both of which supplies ar
practically inexhaustible. Thes<
elements applied to peas enable
that plant to make bolter return
ol nitrogen to the soil. The po
being a nitrogen collector, it Ibl
lows that the bettor the growtl
of peas is the more nitrogen wil
they collect iVoni the atmosphere
Hence, it pays to apply the tw
mineral elements of fertilizers t
peas.
The pea is valuable to til
I,inner in anot her way?to suppl;
vegetable matter to the soil
without which the soil horonip
hard ami inure readily loses it
moisture. A familiar illustra
tion of the value of ve^etahf
matter, or humus, 1o the soil i
ve?'ii in the superior fertility o
.all old fence row where veaeta
l)!e matter has heen decay in
lor years.
The pea vine h ths renovate
ol the soil, ami he who tails l
avail himself of its value wil
fall far behind in t he arirrieultur:i
procession.
"lint." observed the speakei
soil he, i //) fioi'it'l/i/iOi/ b
uTowinj; pea vines and out I in
fin-in oil. unless snllicicnt plan
phorio :u-id and potash are ap
plied )<? the land." both ot whie
are taken from the land by th
pea vine, and mu*t therefore b
feiurned in order to maintain til
fertility of tlie soil
mm!- m:at:vi; yam i: or j*i: \ vim:An
idea of t he value of t h
pea vine as a fertilizer may l>
obtained when it i-. remcmbere
that it. will take 1 I tons of slab]
manun or one ton of cotton r -e
meal to furnish as much nitro^e
to an acre of land as i <_nn I i-ro
of pea vines, an-1 of course th
vims. if N'lt upon 1 hi* irin 1
will furnish more lnimns tin
> :l!icr, va-tly inert' limn tin* ?'o|
ton x't'il Illi'fll.
Mill win In it h important !
milium* '?iir lands so vs l" loin
t iii'in up to :i lii^li -> t: 11? of ? nlti
Vl'l iI. tlicro 11) a V 111' II L'l't' if
??f 111ot <*v wasted in inaniiiini
ami t<i; mi is, 1<\ n |?J?1 \ i
wrnnir kind t.i fertili/.er. l'?.t i
i - a v . ?! i i a I >1?* I"* * r I ilizer. hill In
ply potash upon lane] that a!
a.ly has a sutlieieney of
clement in it is pr? m 1 i ir.i I it y. In
first tiling l?> do, then. i:i l!:
improvement of lain! is to a r.?i
lain what llin land is ?!^ti :i i;
?that in, diagnose Mm ea>e, a
the physician wntihl cav. am
then apply the' proper medicine
IMI.OKT A< 'K OF Sll M.l.oU t ll,TIV\
TOIV.
Tn the cultivation of Mm crop
i
e plow shallow and do not break
- tho roots of the plants that you
s arc trying to cultivate. The roots
1 were furnished by nature to eon
s vey to the plant the t'ood it needs
in its growth and development.
0 and if you cultivate deep you |
v* break these roots and thus hinder I
t the growth aim development of|
v the plant?in short, you defeat'
t to a great extent, the purpose for
s | r. hich you cultivate. If you will !
s wash up the roots of a cotton I
stalk when it is hulling well, you'
t, will find that many of its roots!
v- are S or 10 feci long and that lb"'
1 earth, just under the surface, is i
i veritable net work of roots. I
i looiv two crops <11 cotton and corn
^ and cultivated one just as my
neighbors cultivated lli? irs. plow
s ing deep and thus pruuinga great
I many of t lie roots liom Mm stalks.
The other I cultivated shallow.
. using broad lint, plows. The re
JsuH was tinmistakeahl v ami i-n?
L, phatically in favor of the sha 1!- '\
.. I cult ivat ion.
s 1 In* dest met ion of t he i oot < oi
, , ,
;i corn is more lata! tnan the ?le-j
struct ion of cotton roots, 'i'lie
lij latter has none recuperative
1 power than the corn ami will
?. lend out other roots to supply
o the place of those destioyed. hut
o j corn does not do that. I'he.v <hal
j low while J lie crop isyoun^, plow
e shallow when it is older and |>!'<r
v shallow all the time in the colli
I. j vat ion of the crops, said the
s spenKor eniph ilically. Souse
s think the ground will yet hard i!
it is nut plowed deep. I li.it i- i
e inistnlxi*. It will remain as tn?.*I
- low with surface cultiv:iiion i< ii
I cultivated a loot deep. V-Vcr
plow laud when it i> too wet an 1
n do tint let stock run u|onii when
it is wet. Until do nival and la t
I
..'inn da mane to the land. sav
I i
>nothinn<>| the iiici'imm i dilli<-1.!t\
"| .
I j ot cult i vat ion.
1 I
'' I'llor. It tons SIT. A K?\
The next speaker was l'rol
lliinns, head oi the int leinic V
i
and electrical dej>art ment oi
< Memson. ! Ie e.\hil>il< i ; I.u
: oi specimens oi the ork ot ;> in
that instil lit ion. show in ' w ..
h j
I kind ol work was dole- e*rh \ear
MM I IIO I our Void's ('Olll'-O. stlO \ I I. ir
i? !
I just what a hoy ooul-l i!o woei.
; ho hail ruiiiph'U'il tins rour ' iu
j t hat ilejiarl meiit of ( |.-u. ,.ui.
out: v i i?> 1 or tirm 1:1
Kol'iu rinii to oleci ri 11 v ami
.
iiyhliilli^ roils, ho saio taal 11 111
'' 11 iii.tr rml a'o.uits w ! ? i in- yr>- o ??st
e J liilliihliys ? li.it 'ravel I ho iaini. e\
' <* ?|>t hook ayeiiI i \\ ' <!'! in .1 ! t \
11 he siiotihi h.ivo in i If any . .
i1 1 root ioli. I I ! ho ! .11:..! _ : i i
'* I properly Ilia I' an I j?r"; r _
i: j>, it is a ju ot< . : i mi i i in' h> i 11
j hu? if ini|uopt-rl v >u . i*
onrro o! Mo*iiaciny o.iii^- i
11 an v o| tin- rot! s j mi ' : i i ; r
1' ; < i.i! I ft 1 i i y 11! 11111l'o<l . ?"ii.
111\ j>:?)it'i'ii1 ?u :u
. -in>n! i l,t- iu-ul i? i a nit i:!;i
;!' .' i I e X 1 e u I il)!'> ' '') 11 1 "?
> ? > !, ,vli> I'-- ' In vi'.l '
!. ; mill;, n.-.i- , . >
!li.- rml i;i i'i . .;i..
!;i? 11I ;i < >> > !
I
' .! l ull ll>! I ll 11 J*:it '* ' 1
.. plaeod ;i 'it i ?> im'v i
. I In* j >l M
1 !-iV!ll si-cl i>Jii <ii
* logel her siiuulo l> v.
so as to furnish'- 1 " , i.n
broken surl te - for a > i ipo oi
i lie elect rioit \ .
Li^lit luiitC I'i , :'< > i ^ i11 l l 1 >11tf
s j 1 he people ii the fjuauti
0
ty of the rods they soil them and
and in I ho radically defective
methods of putting them up, but
they humbug them in the price,
eharging at least four times as
much for them us they should
cost. The rods upon the court
house ist Chester cost $100. lie
was sure he could put them up
for $100 and have a clear profit
of $.* () out of tiie jol<. This
should open the eye- ( f us all.
I bis address v.;i< ?re!i received
ind furnished iptite an ioterest iog
insight into the work of' that depart
menf of < 'hon-mi
1'his speecli ?1 the moril|
imr portion of tiie pn gram ;md
I bronyht the ?ii 11;?*r hour. The
i dinner was after the style of tin-* V
| picnic?s pre;'.i 1 owl 11 j ; n eh.lhs
I upon 'he ground 1?> which all
IcotiM easily train access. There
/////// have l?ei*n sonic 1 >o*.Jy in the
| crowd w ho had not been inter
or-led by tlie e.;eid!ant addresses
o| the inorniiu:: l?nt all were in!
tep-sti d particip iu< - in the din j^.
tier, which seeiil d to he in great,
i abundance and ol a cor re? pond in.!*
J11 a 1 i 1 y.
l ltol i I.INhSi'M.I S SI'KMe*
The inner man having been
sati-lied. the -peaking Was re-limed,
i re i link-eaies opening
t he y 11eruoon j? -el i> n oi' t b" pro
irrain. Mr. ' 'iink-eales soon had ^
1 in1 crowd, i io-inu up around the
.-land, eager '? cj-di every word
t . I II I. ' I 11 < an 11 1 - ill-. I I is subject
was r rou'i'i <>-,*' v?"d he illus
11* 11?1 the prompt - tl.at, is heinj*
made iii \ iriou- -I ril\in_ ways,
i oine o! which Wire pot a little
I a 11111-. 111' iii in'.?! 11 . !. . > ]i. .1 in
; < If ?\ \r;iis l.?i.i ' ;>k('rV i ol ! HI .a
{ .nil 1 <il h. r hiijoHVji..'!'!! !'!^ '
? >! uMi-iiitn-iil s \\iii !i ? i <ifi : 111 < i
| i in* low n ii^liti'il I?_v oKvi rii-ity ^
j IfVi'lop >i h mm tin- :i .\v w t>;in.;
I I.oWi'l' f?l I l|f r<?n V? 111cut ( ;|1 ;i W !i.t.
Tin' -ptvikf-r sni'l t r?. v.ml'i
III? A* I III ' . - .1 v I'i'.n'l ii'.l i. ; ?I l
ion ;i :M i: conic
, ?| 11 j I,. < ; m<- i 'i.In.' i ii" wori'l
. k, i~. "\vi. c.ui you . ' Nut
i wlu iv vun :.oi \<iii. lip'oiiiu :r
I W'f-l'e Vol. ul.V.-l < I| l>ul
1 i i(:, i/.ni i/n.'
Till. Ill < MVS I VI.KS.
Tin* 1??i ?U r wis I'riif.
W:i!ker. I'll' 'Min.tlm i>t oi
i' 'iein <>n. or :'. i?i(ji 111:111. lie
? : !;c<! Is. ! i .:n? -s .lout I Mtrs
i
i:ixi?I hi ^ i imi v\ i'if >iriritiicnl.nl
to t'.oir i mtii-.. "aniens awl orI
I'llir !-. :i:. I : i i I < 111 those tllllt are
lrie:i?]s 1.1 t ue airrieuhiirist. tho
-1 II. ^
ii Me-1 his hour aiel -o:no
ililless t Iioii it i lime lol't.
I'iie Mill i ikiM'M Weill lo
Well II. to I.. .?1 : I
ol.iel" lie- 'ii| ol ; he iu-tiiule,
an 1 llm\ .? r "I'eett-! !?v a I . -;o?
, erov?|oi !i,i i.-sieil imjuirers
t?r . i;?- * ?ii<ii i. novvle'liie a- loose
i ei.t : : i. . ire iji-ofMitm' iie/
S ..j.; !ntliT. ;
. y
% M .
* \ ' : i #
(!,(> f i?r!M- n1 ji? ' \. lit?,
w i 1! i.. p '?
^ .iturh . ; u M wiiai
. i??. i i ml1 .i f . -> j i ' i.! < :..
v ? ^
S. < . i' I ' J i!< ? 'iiirjr i 'i., writ"* : ^ mp
-"I I't I >. W ii'lc I; * -} \ |/ B|
I' i >i r ?in ? ' \ \\ i' i ftiilih i1
horo uti'l not*.' i v II. i . ver it-oil
j an> ?>?11 ~ hi my 'uri ? forty d
i?t irsve fjiir.n I
I ?)i? iv.ai'ti?ry rpttiilts tas.ntivo or
< at uai tic.'' ( tawmril I'.ros.