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The Barnwell People-Sentinel, Barnwell S. C„ Thursday, June 25, 1936 News Review of Current t Events the World Over ff'. Landon Is Republican Nominee—Britain May Alter Sane* lions Policy—Mussolini Makes Sweeping Changes in Cabinet. ' - By EDWARD W. PICKARD C Wemern Newspaper Union. I N ONE of the greatest demonstra tions of popular acclaim In the his tory of American polities, Gov. Alfred M. Landon was nominated for Presi dent of the United States by the lie pub lican national conven tion meeting In Cleve land. Nominated on the first ballot, Governor Landon received the unprecented number of 984 out of a possible 1,003 votes. The nom- (nation was made unanimous. Although Gov. Landon ^ name ^ad not been placed In nomination. Senator William E. Borah of Idaho received 19 votes, Including 18 from the Wisconsin dele gallon and one from West Virginia. Col. Frank Knox of Chicago, pub lisher of the Chicago Dally News, was nominated for Vice President on the ticket, receiving the unanimous vote of the delegates. Party unity and harmony were the watchwords of the delegates. The ac tion of the three other leading candi dates for the Presidential nomination— Col. Frank Knox of Chicago, Senator Arthur Vandenberg of Michigan and Senator Borah—In withdrawing In Lan- don’s favor paved the way for a mili tant and united front In the coming campaign by the Republican party. The convention adopted a platform of “Americanism,” pledging a broad farm relief program, repeal of recip rocal tariff bargaining, the elimination of monopolies and opposition to Amer- fcan entry Into the League of Nations and the World court. Condemning “waste and extrava gance” of the Democratic administra tion, the platform declares for economy by reduced expenditures and for a bal anced budget. Adequate relief for the unemployed and co-operation of the states is provided. The platform de mands the repeal of the present social security program for a simplified “pay- as-you-go” old-age pension plan. With out proposing a constitutional amend ment, It pledges support to states’ min imum wage and working hour laws, abolition of sweatshops and child la bor, Improvement of working condi tions and the rigid of labor to bargain. It calls for restoration and mainte nance of the merit system in civil serv ice, regulation of business by a tribunal whose actions would he subject to court review and federal supervision of Interstate utilities. The platform demands adequate na tional defense, rigid of free enterprise ■without competition by government, free speech, pledges care ^f the vet erans and calls for efforts to collect the defaulted war debts. Governor Landon in a telegram read to tlie convention by his campaign manager, John Hamilton, placed his own interpretation on certain planks in the platform. Under the title of labor he advocated a Constitutional amend ment permitting the states to adopt legislation necessary to protect women and children In the matter of maximum hours, minimum wages and working conditions, provided it is not imssible to do so under the Constitution us it now stands. He likewise advocated a currency ex pressed In terms of gold and convert ible into gold, adding: “I recognize, however, that this requisite must not he made until and unless It can he done ■without penalizing our domestic econ omy and without Injury to our produc ers of agricultural products ami other raw materials." Concerning the merit system in civil service, lie suggested that it should include every position In the adminis trative service below the rank of as sistant secretaries of major depart meiits and should cover the entire Lost Othce department. Mussolini I N A long expected cabinet shake-up in Italy. Premier Mussolini gave out three of Ids eight portfolios. There are 15 posts in the cabinet. II Duce ap pointed his son-in law. Count Galeazzo Ciano, as foreign minister. Ciano, only thirty- three, ts the worlds youngest foreign min ister. He moved up s from the cabinet post of propaganda. Mus solini also gave iqi the ministries of colo nies and <. irporations. these posts going re spectively to Ferruc- cia Lantinl and Alesandro Lessona. Count Cianos former ministry was taken by Dlo.io Altieri. Giuseppe P.is- tianinl, ambassador to Poland, was made undersecretary for foreign af fairs. He is only thirty-seven. The action of II Duce gave rise to talk of hi« successor. Observers point ed out that because of the importance of the post of foreign, minister. Ciano is believed to be in closest succession to Mussolini. Elsewhere in the world governments were experiencing changes. In Nica ragua, Dr. Carlos Brenes Jarquln, com- pleting the tinexpited term of the de posed President, Dr. Juan B. Sacusa, announced his cabinet. The cabinet Included Dr. Luis Mannel Debayle, minister of foreign relations; Dr. Ge- ronlmo Ramirez Brown, prime minis ter; Jose Roman Gonzales, minister of public works; Benito Ramirlz, minister of finance; Dr, Lorenzo Guerrero, min ister of education; Dr. Roberto Gon zalez, minister of health ; Dr. Alejandro Sequelra Rivas, shriltary director. T, .ARGER loaves of bread at no In- *- / crease In price to the consumer were being offered by leading baking company chains selling their product In large cities of the United States. One company increased the size of Its 10 cent loaf by 25 per cent, and another by 15 per cent The saving to com- sumers was made possible by the liv- validation of the AAA processing tax, according to an official of a baking company. The tax was 30 cents a bushel on wheat, he said, and was re flected In an increase of from $1.28 to $1.40 a barrel for flour. At the same time, the threat of a possible potato famine, due to drouth that Is seriously curtailing crops In the Southeast, caused uneasiness among housewives. Prices rose precipitately, but eased off, because Immediate de mand from consumers declined. The seriousness of the situation was re flected in reports from the crop divi sion of the Department of Agriculture that unless rains fell soon an acute shortage will boost the price of pota toes. The carry-over Jhis year was small, It was revealed, and Maine re ported only 100 carloads of last year’s holdover on hand. While weather con ditions up to the middle of July will determine the extent of the shortage, it was believed by farm experts that the later crops will meet the August and September demands. John Hays Hammond A fter set which 1,< ■tiling a general strike in ,000.000 workers had par alyzed the industrial life of France, the new “popular front" government under Premier Leon Blum was faced with further difficulties in the form of a series of new strikes. Although the government had toiled day and night trying to adjust disputes and thougn most of the demands of strikers had been satisfied by employers, there was a smaller return to work than had been expected. It was reported that as fast as strikes In some industries were settled, others were affected. The extent of the permanent ravages which will be left in tlie wake of this upheaval will only become apparent later on. Some observers predicted that private Industry would be forced into bankruptcy so as to secure oper ation by tbe state. But whether Pre mier Blum and h'19 "popular front” government were prepared for such ex treme measures was not at all certain T HE Supreme Court of Illinois up held the constitutionality of tlie state’s fair trade act in a decision af firming the opinion of the Cook Coun ty Circuit court The court held that Carl W. McNeil, in the liquor business in Chicago, eonhl not sell his product at less than the wholesale list price. Said the opinion: “The fair trade act has for Its ma jor objective tbe preservation and pro tection of property Interests of the pro ducer and his distributors In the good will represented by brands, trade marks and trade esmes." D EATH came to John Hays Ham mond, eighty-one, internntionaKly- famed mining engineer, economist and writer, at his home at Gloucester, Mass. He had lived a life high in adventure and rich in experi ences. He.was a friend and confidant of Theodore Roosevelt, Mark Twain, H. Rider Haggard, CecThRbodes and many other fig ures celebrated in world history In tbe past half century. Mr. Hammond was born in San Francisco, California, in 1855 where his parents settled after the Mexican war in which his father served as a major. It <vas the ef^a of tlie spectacular California gold rush. He watched miners pan for gold dust' as a boy. After graduation from Yale he set himself up as a mining engi neer. Soon he visited the west coast of Mexico, believing it could be devel oped as a mining country. He became known as an expert Judge of mining property and wag sent .to South Africa by “Barney” Hamato, i great speculator of the last century. | Hammond experienced some romantic : adventures including an acrimonious ; encounter with Paul Kruger, president | of the Transvaal republic who sen- | tenced him to be hanged and relented : only on 'tlie Intervention of tlie secre- ! tary of state. After developing mining property in | many parts of the world, Mr. Ham- j mond was appointed by President Taft i in 1911 as special ambassador and per- | sbnal representative at tlie coronation of King George V. BRISBANE THIS WEEK One Big Shot Convicted The M&ny Laugh Roman Tjrtfimph, New Style I Storms, Floods, Twisters f Tbe kind of "Justice” supposed to •‘terrify” crime In this country Is very amusing justice: confined to the na tional government. Murderers, kidnap ers and other rack eteers are Jailed, not for their crimes against society, but for failure to pay income tax. The felon Is jailed for failure to divide his criminal earnings with his govern ment. A change from this program is due to Special Prosecu tor Dewey, who, before Supreme Court Justice McCook, In New York city, has convicted a “topnotch racketeer,” as Mr. Dewey calls him—Charles (“Lucky”) Luciano. He and eight vice-ring asso ciates are convicted on 62 counts, that may entail prison sentences of 1,240 years for “Lucky” and each associate. Arthur Brlabanc This Is an actual conviction crime, not for taxqodglng. for In this world, many laugh and a few do things. Fulton said he would run a boat up the Hudson river by steam ; crowds gathered to laugh. When it was suggested early in this century that men would soon fly, suc cessfully, millions laughed. Had It been suggested that an army officer would cross the continent “flying blind” In a hooded cabin, seeing noth ing, guided by a scientific “radio beam,” the laughs would ha*ve been louder; but that Is what Major Eaker, of the army air corps, has Just done. If you should say now that giant ships will fly around this earth, up In the stratosphere, above clouds and storms, carrying thou sands of passengers, dropping them at their various destinations In smaller ships, “around the world in 48 hours or less," there would be more laugh ter hut It would be foolish laughter. What men can Imagine they can do, and more. General Badoglio, who was sent by Mussolini to take over Ethiopia, and did so, celebrated his triumph In-Rome, Mussolini and the Italian king, now emperor of Ethiopia, assisting. The triumphant general, named vice roy of Ethiopia by Mussolini, who sur prised the world with the swiftness of lis conquest, led his troops, burned by the tropical stiff, I!fi(Ter* the victory arch >f Constantine to the tomb of the un known soldier of the big war., “Storms kill nine in Oklahoma and Kansas; tornadoes, floods and lightning muse havoc," so runs the headline, and so other headlines have been running for months past. Hail ruins crops; lightning bolts kill-three; “twisters," ‘hose powerful, revolving windstorms, lift up and knock down little houses. The sultan of Suln is dead on the Is land of Jolo, now only sultan in name. Once, as spiritual and temporal head, fie ruled all the Mohammedans of the Suiu archipelago. The death of this former ruler. Ja- mriiul Klram, recalls an interesting In cident following tlie Spanish war. Ja- nialul, good Mohammedan, did not think he should deal with this nation, on account of Its religion. He was soothed by an official statement that the United States had no official re ligion whatever. ck infest se dor organization, te^Is candidates: “You cannot join unless you are a na tive-born, white, Protestant gentile; willing to proceed against negroes. Catholics and Jews.” To “proceed against” means to murder, Tlie Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America, a Protestant or ganization. says It is shameful for the Black Legion to use tlie word “Pro testant," and blasphemous to use the name "God Almighty." Sir Samuel Hoare had to leave the British cabinet because lie oppose^ tlie foolishness of sending a great British fleet into tlie Mediterranean to protect Haile Selassie, not protecting him in tiie least. Now. Sir Samuel Hoare is back in .he British cabinet, “tbe king pleased to appoint him.” This means, prob- ibly, that the futile League of Nations’ “sanctions” effort to coerce Mussolini will be dropped. Many things are eus- .er than coercing Mussolini. Why do Americans swallow eagerly anything in the way of foreign made 1 go'Hls, especially if they come from the friendly British islands? British merchants advert'se proudly “Made in Great Britain.” Every Eng lishman urges “Buy British." Ameri cans seern proud If they can advertise ’Made in England” or "Made In France.” Perhaps our goods are In ferior but every American makes his money here—why not back our own people? More killing, bombing, shooting In Palestine. Arabs refusing to discontin ue strildr^nd killings, even at tbe re quest of their own leaders. C Kins Festum Syrnllcat*. Ine. WNU ScrvkM. National Topics Interpreted by William Bruckart National Press Building: Washington, D. C. Washington.—I have received a let ter from a reader In my home state of Missouri, propound- Onr - ing a very timely lu- Public Debt Quiry concerning the public debt of the United States. It is timely for more than one reason. The United States government operates on a fiscal year running from July 1 to the next June 30 and we are, therefore, Just abqut to close another fiscal year. A second reason why this Inquiry is timely re lates to the size of the present public debt, almost $32,000,000,000. Our public debt has surged higher than normal during two periods of the last twenty years and the course of the debt, therefore, is one with which most mature persons are more or less fa miliar. But it remains as a fact that, while most people are Informed con cerning the total of the national debt, they have not had opportunity to learn exactly what it means to the indi vidual. Treasury transactions, as a, whole, are rather difficult to understand and since tbe sums in which government figures now run are so huge,~fKe gen eral attitude of individuals is to let the thing pass as a matter for expert at tention. It ought not to be so. The public debt Is a matter of direct con cern to every one of us and that Is a further reason why the Inquiry men tioned above is Important. I have often wondered whether Indi viduals, in considering whatever obli gations they have in the form of debt, take into account the fact that the public debt actually is a commitment against you and me and everyone else Persons who have not so thought of the public debt, probably will be shocked to learn that In addition to 'their obligations thnj have been con tracted personally, there Is something like $245 which, although an infinitesi mal portion of tlie public debt, consti tutes actually an individual-obligation. Therefore, when any person looks at that vague and shadowy term, “the public debt” in this light, they cannot help but realize that It has a very real and personal meaning to the individual. That enormous sum of nearly $32,000,- 000,000 must be paid off as any other debt and the government must col lect It from everyone who lives in this country. Again, the public debt may seem a thing far removed but it is brought home directly to each of us through the taxes we pay and in more ways than most of us care to admit we are contributing that tax. So, when the government contracts a debt and ar ranges to pay it off, tiie only way col lection is possible for tlie extraordinary amount is by increasing the share of government expenses which each of us bears, meaning of course, an Indtease in our'tax. • • • In 1857, the public debt was only $28,700,000. In that year, each per son’s share was only $1.01. With the ad vent of the Civil war, tlie govern ment needed funds and begun borrowing additional amounts until In 1860 the debt reached what In those days was a high figure—$2,750,000,000. At that time, each person’s share was $77.69. Good administration and sound finan cial policies followed and the debt was reduced, paid off, until during the early 1900's, tlie debt was reduced until each person's share was something less than $17. Continual retrenchment was carried on until the World war interrupted the program and fresh borrowings were necessary for prosecution of that great conflict. The borrowing of the war days carried our public debt to a new high point of $20,504,000,000 on August 19, 1910. The debt, because It was a new peak, looked insurmountable and it was dangerously high but through the administrations of Uresidents Harding and Coolidge, the job of paying off tbe debt was seriously attacked and this program eventually resulted in reduc tion of the debt to about $10,500,000,- 000 during tlie administration of Presi dent Hoover. It was from this low point that the present debt burden has mounted and continues to climb. The depression reduced government Income (yom taxes and left the treasury with a deficit in two years of tlie Hoover regime. The result of those deficits was to In crease the public debt because money had to be borrowed to pay current running expenses. The borrowing did not appear serious, however, either in the last two years of tlie Hoover administration or tlie first year of the administration of President Roosevelt because Mr. Roosevelt had pledged the country during his campaign to econo mize In every direction. It was his promise that he would curtail expendi tures by one-fourth and therefore make the outgo and income of the govern ment approximately the same. Instead of that course, Mr. Reosevelt Initiated tlie present program of ex penditures in huge amounts. The first idan called for the use of vast sums for expenditure by the government in the belief that the paying out of pub lic money would revive Industry and that Industry, once on Its feet, would again yield profit and that profit would Ia turn produce taxes for the govern- Some History ment Then came the public relief programs for which larger sums—to be exact, $3,500,000,000 In one year and $4,880,000,000 in another year—were appropriated and spent Thus, we see In the last three years that the debt of the nation has grown from approx imately $21,000,000,000 to approximate ly $32,000,000,000, and each person’s share, as stated previously, is about $245. • • • Now, the figures here set out tell much more of a story than Just that an enormous and in- Tell the comprehensible num- Story her of dollars have been spen^, millions of them needlessly. They tell more of a story, Indeed, than just the fact that within another year there will havs been approximately $3,000,000,000 more expended and that the debt then will have been Increased something like $13,000,000,000 since the Roosevelt cam paign of spending began. To understand the situation In which the United States government and, therefore, the people, find themselves. It might be better to picture what would happen to an Individual In the same circumstance. Hundreds of thou sands of individuals are In debt but nearly all of them seriously try avoid getting In debt beyond their capacity to pay off their obligations. If sickness or poor crops or poor busi ness or any one of many other afflic tions overtake that Individual, even though his personal debts might be liquidated under normal conditions, he is—well, he just sinks. Our government differs from that In dividual only in the fact thgt its citizens regard the government’s credit as virtually limitless. It can continue to borrow and people will accept govern ment bonds In exchange for their money for quite a while. But let us attempt to visualize in our mind’s eye what would happen should our govern ment be called upon to meet some ex traordinary conditions that would lie comparable to the loss of a Job by the Individual who Is In debt. Just how would our government meet the requirements of another war, for example? Just how would It be able to care for the destitute and the Jobless, for another example, if our economic conditions would go into an other tailspin and we would find our- sel\ es tn"tlTldrfTCT"depression? The an swer seems fairly obvious. So, I cannot hejp asking which is the wiser policy—to prepare for future emergencies or to indulge in reckiesi spending, with no thought beyond the present? • • • It seems to me that the Roosevelt administration has followed tlie latter course on the optl- Too mistlc base, entirely Optimistic too optimistic it ai>- pearsand hasplunged this country too deeply Into debt; I do not mean to imply that govern ment securities are not good any longer. Far from it. 1 maintain that as long as our money is any good, our government’s bonds are good. Yet, It must be apparent to every thinking person that we cannot continue to spend nt the rate that marks the last three years. I prefer, as against the present spending policies, the policies of Pres ident, Andrew Jackson, who fought al ways against excessive costs of gov ernment ; who demanded consistently that tlie expense of government be raised regularly for each year's pay ments and that there lie a little extra put away for the proverbial rainy day when the government was called upon for emergency payments. The policies of Andrew Jackson were so effective that during his administration in 1837. tlie public debt was wiped out and there was actually ca^ii iu tlie treasury besides. Supporters of the present spending policies will say, of course, that the public debt of those days was In nrt way comparable to that of 1936. That is true but neither were the resources of tlie United States in those days comparable to the resources and the wealth producing capacity of the pres ent-day United States. Likewise, the population of tlie United States in An drew Jackson’s term in tlie White House was only a mere handful com pared to the nearly 1450,000,000 of 1930. So, answering tlie inquiry as to what tlie public debt means to the individual citizen, tiie answer must be a relation of the fact that his family’s share as we start a new fiscal year In the gov ernment approximates $1,000. It means, further, that through one form of tax or another, that individual Is helping to pay tlie Interest of more than $710,- 000,000 every year. It means, In addi tion, that his government Is In a position for the first time in the lives of most persons now living where It would face extreme difficulty were It -called upon to defend our country In war or meet a fresh emergency like that through which we have been pass ing. Lastly, since government debts in the United States are held to be honorable debts and not to be repudi ated, none of us can avoid conimanda from that government In the future to dig deeper and deeper in the old pocket lor the payment of taxes. G Wcsiora Nawayapar Unloa. Foreign Words and Phrases Ad astra. (L.) To the stars (te exalted place or state). A fortiori (L.) By a stronger rea* son; all the more. Cogito, ergo sum. (L.) I think, therefore I am. Egalite. (F.) Equality. In totldem verbis. (L.) In so many words. Quien sabe? (Sp.) Who knee's? That. Is, I do not know, or do not care to say. SIste, viator. (L.) Stop, traveler. Tiers etat. (F.) Third estate, the common people. Venl, vide, vid. (L.) I came, I saw, I conquered. Sic semper tyrannls. (L.) Thus ever to tyrants. Vade mecum. (L.) Go with me; constant companion. Week’s Supply of Poatum Free Read the offer made by the Postum Company in another part of this pa per. They will send a full week’s sup ply of health giving Postum free to anyone who writes for It—Adv. Noiselctt House At Bad Blankenburg, a German health resort has been erected a silentarlum, a house built of mate rials which exclude noise. Cockcrows, church bells, barking dogs and street noises have been overcome. Quick, Safe Relief For Eyes Irritated k: By Exposure To Sun Wind a n d Dust — l* EYES Another Hand On the sea of matrimony the hand that rocks tlie cradle Isn't the hand that rocks the boat. STOP PAIN QUICK WITH CAPUDINE Headache, neuralgic, and periodic pains and other nerve pains yield almost instantly to Cppudine. This is because Capudine is liquid, and its ingredients are already dissolved— all ready to act. Capudine relieves pain by soothing the tense muscles and nerves. That is why it is so gentle and effective. It is approved by physicians and druggists. Capudine contains no opiates. At all drug stores; 60c. 30c, 10c sizes. (Adv.) Ability and Discretion Great ability without discretion comes almost invariably to a tragic end.—Gamhetta. lotah i For BRUasnoos, tour Stomach, Flatulonco, Nausoa and Sick Hoadacbo, duo to Constipation. Blemishes IVIade Her Old Looking 1 Face Clear Again with Cuticura Soap and Ointment Here is a letter every skin sufferer should read. Its message is vital. “There were blemlsj>es on my face, of external origin, and they made me look old and haggard. They were red. hard and large. They would hurt, and when I scratched them the skin would become irritated, and I would He awake at night and start digging at my face. "But after using two caJjes of Cuticura Soap and one tin of Cuti cura Ointment my face was cleared again.” (Signed) Mrs. L. Whetzler, 2nd St., Floreffe, Pa., June 15, 1935. Physicians can understand such letters. The Cuticura formulas have proved their effectiveness for over half a century. Remember, Cuticura Soap and Ointment are also for pim ples, rashes, ringworm, burning of eczema and other externally caused skin blemishes. All druggists. Soap 25c. Ointment 25c.—Adv. Rid Yourself of Kidney Poisons r\0 yqu suffer burning, scanty L' too frequent urination; backach headache, dizziness, loss of energ leg pains, swellings and puffin* under the eyes? Are you tired, ner ous—feel all unstrung and dor know what is wrong? Then give some thought to yo kidneys. Be sure they function prop« ly for functiohal kidney disorder pe mils exce:s waste to stay in the bloo and to pc Ison and upset the who system. Use Doan's Pills. Doan's are for tf kidneys only. They are recommend* the world over. You can get the get uine, time-tested Doen's at any dm store. Doan spills