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j The Barnwell People-Sentinel Barnwell S. C- Thursday, April 2, 1936 UNCLE SAM EASES PANAMA PAIN New Treaty Emphasizes Isthmian Sovereigntyf^aves Way for West ern Hemisphere Peace Parley This Summet*. By WILLIAM C. UTLEY , A N ENTIRE new era of permanent peace and “good-neigh borliness” may be opened up between the countries on the two American continents when and if the senate ratifies the new treaty between the United States and the Republic of Panama which was signed in March. Old differences which have existed between America and her isthmian neighbor for a third of a century have been ironed out to a great extent by the new pact. So heartening has been the news of the new document through the Latin Americas generally, it is be lieved that the proposed “extraordinary conference” between 21 re publics of the Western hemisphere this^ "■ ■■ summer will be assured. Shortly after the start of the year President Roosevelt voiced a siiRges- tion that a conference of these re publics be held, to work out means of assuring for all time the peaceful re lations that now exist between the United Stares and the countries of South and Central America. Since it began to be apparent that it. the nego tiations with Panama that the United States was exhibiting a liberal attitude that had been largely absent in former bickerings (which haveTieeri golirg orr since 11)03), many messages of ap proval from other governments have been understood to have been received in Washington. Conference Loom* Likely. None of the replies to the Presi dent’s suggestion have been made pub lic at the time of this writing, but in governmental circles it is considered virtually certain that the peace con ference will take place this summer in Buenos Aires. Tbe attitude of Panama, as well as that of several other Latin-Amerlcan States was ready to loosen a little came in October, 1033, when President Roosevelt and President Arias of Pan ama conversed in Washington. It was there that the plans were laid for the new treaty, which is characteristic of the administration’s policy of lib eral treaties and free trade. The exact terms of the new pact have never been released to the newspa pers. but it is known that tbe theme underlying the entire document is tbe renunciation of the misconception that Ta'bfltnn Is a protectorate of 4he United States. Point* of Accord. Actually, tbe changes brought about by tbe new treaty will be paper ones, largely, with tbe exceptions of an agreement to construct a new highway across the isthmus and of certain com mercial concessions by tbe United States. Should the Mme ever come when Panama’s independence needed protection tbe Job would more than likely fall to Uncle Sam for Panama has no army, merely a police force trained by American officers. United States was to have jurisdic tion over the ten-mlle-wide strip that Is the Canal Zone, and would possess and exercise all rights just as it would “if It were the sovereign of the Sir.v:;: .vX-A*: . The U. S. S. Texas Gets a Lift Through One of the Locks. countries toward the United States has, for tbe last two or three decades, been something similar to that of tbe stripling youth who feels that be is being “minded” altogether too closely by his older brother, when he is per fectly able now to look after Ids own interests. The Roosevelt administra tion evidently feels this attitude is justified, it appears from the pro visions of the new treaty. Three points, particularly, have al ways been sore spots in the relations of the United States and Panama. They grew out of the agreement of 1903, under which the United States constructed the Panama canal, and they are: Our right to intervene when neces sary to preserve the peace in Panama, our exercise of the right of eminent domain in acquiring auxiliary lands, and our guarantee of Panama's inde pendence. It is this latter provision which has been the most pcovocativo of “little brother” objections; Panama citizens have always regarded this as sumed guaranty of their independence as an outright statement of protec torate. \ . Although the new treaty is the third attempt to straighten out the differ ences between the two nations it Is the first which has not been a dodge of these three points. The first attempt was a series of five executive orders, known ns the “Taft agreement,” which was Intended to interpret the original treaty of l'.K)3. It went Into effect in December, UHM. By May, 11)24, it was decided that the real effectiveness of this expedient had disappeared with tlie completion of the canal, and the agreement was abrogated. 1926 Pact Fail*. 'For two years tbe diplomats of the tiyo countries bargained and in July, 1026, a new treaty, intended to be permanent, was sighed. IRU vftrc*fT ir came up for ratification in the Pan amanian assembly, it went down under a deluge of adverse votes. It had failed even to mention the points of sovereignty, possession of land and paternalism which for 23 .years had so grated upon the Panamanian soul. Not only did real hard feelings develop between the United States and Panama, but other Igitin-American countries openly threw their sympa : tbies with Panama. ' First Indications that the United Tbe new agreement was consum mated under the principle that the pro tection and operation of tbe canal Is vital to the interests of both nations, and can best be assured through friendly co-operation. Tbe accord reached in 15)33, and which It Is rea sonable-to suppose is contained in the treaty, embodies the following chief points: The United States will use, occupy and control the Canal zone only for Resident Roosevelt Meets President » Arias. the' purpose of maintenance, operation, sanitation and protection of the canal. Panama is recognized as the sov ereign nation, and as such is entitled to enjoy whatever commercial ad vantages its juxtaposition with the canal shall bring it, provided that these do not prejudice the purposes of the operation of the canal zone by the United States. Economic questions which do not in any way affect those purposes may, if they cannot be solved through direct negotiation, be submitted to arbitra tion. The original treaty held that while Panama was tbe sovereign nation, the Or. Alfredo J. Alfaro, Panamanian Minister. territory.” The confusion arising from this clause is not hard to understand. For many years Panamanians have felt that it gave the United States sovereign power; and in the Pan- American conference at Havana in 1928 the Panamanian delegate, Dr. Al fredo J. Alfaro, strenuously objected when it was intimated that this was the truth. It was lie who signed the new treaty for Panama, where he ex pects to run for president In 1937. U. S. Must Buy Land. Under the old treaty the United States could acquire by right of emi nent domain lands and waters outside the Canal Zone “which may he neces sary and convenient for the construc tion, maintenance, operation, sanita tion and protection” of the canal. Technically, of course, this could have been regarded as giving the United States the right to take over any terri- tory In the Isthmian republic. Such a “lien" could hardly allow the nation a clear title to its own property, and certainly would have made territorial agreements with other nations embar rassing. The new arrangement takes away the United States’ right to ac quire territory by condemnation, but gives Uncle Sam the right to acquire it by purchase. At present the Panamanian city of Colon is separated from the rest of the republic by the Canal Zone, but the new treaty provides a corridor of connection across tbe zone. By the treaty of -1903, the Papama Railway company, whose shares are owned entirely by the United States government, was given the sole right of communication across the isthmus. Panam itself was forbidden to build an automobile highway* to cover the 47 miles from Panama City to Colon; under the new treaty, such a highway will be constructed. The railway company has been op erating commissaries along its right of way; these were originally Intended to serve only American employees, but Panama merchants claim the commis saries have been doing a thriving tour ist business and want tbe business themselves. Now they will get it. Terminate Gold Payment. Now that the American dollar has been devalued, the treaty will allow the United States to make its annual payments to Panama in balboas, the Panamanian unit of currency, instead of in gold coins. The 430,000 balboas which constitute the annual payment are worth a little more than the $250,- 000 in gold formerly paid every year. Tq date it Has not become known what the United States army and navy think of the new pact, but this will come out when it is placed before the senate for ratification. It can be con strued as weakening American control over the canal, and for that reason may fail to make the grade. Tiie Navy department, under the new agreement, already has turned o'ver two radio stations to the Panama gov ernment, and new agreements for the regulation of radio communication have been readied. May Remove Custom* Collector. The United States still maintains a collector of customs in the Dominican republic, to assure that the Dominican debt to this country is properly serv iced. This officer Is something of an irritation to the citizens there. When the conference of American nations gets under way this summer, there is little likelihood that the pur- poses of preserving the peace will be carried so far as to establish a “league of nations” for the western hemis phere. What is more likely is a joint treaty which all nations can rely on to aid settlement of disputes. Any agency so created would prob ably be given the right to investigate the causes of disputes, to try to effect conciliations and, if necessary, to sit as a board of arbitration. It is Im probable that any real Instrument, such as sanctions, for enforcing de cisions will be agreed upon. * C Western Newnpnper Union. IMPROVED UNIFORM INTERNATIONAL S UNDAY! chool Lesson ' By RSV. P. B FITZWATER. D. D- Member of Faculty. Moody Bible Institute of Chkaso. © Wee tern Newspaper Union. Lesson for April 5 JESUS INVITES ALL PEOPLE LESSON TEXT—Luk« 14:15-24. GOLDEN TEXT—Come; for all thing* are now ready.—Luke 14:17. PRIMARY TOPIC—How Jesus Kept the Sabbatli> — • ' JUNIOR TOPIC—A Great Invitation. INTERMEDIATE AND SENIOR TOPIC—The Excuses We Make. YOUNG PEOPLE AND ADULT TOPIC-<—Our Response to Christ’s Invi tation. « * Here We Have a Versatile Pup That You Will Find Easy to Cross Stitch In this chapter Luke pictures Jesus freely mingling with his fellowmen in worship and social Intercourse. While thus freely mingling with his fellow- men, he was aware of tiieir inner hos tility to him and set forth under the parable of the J^at supper the sinful folly of men who reject his gracious offer of salvation. I. The Great Supper (v. 16). This great supper represents God’s gracious provision of salvation tlrt’ough the vicarious atonement of Jesus Christ. Christ himself declared that he was the bread of life. As bread is to the physical body, so is Jesus Christ to the soul. It is called a supper be cause it is the last meal of the day. Jesus Christ’s sacrificial death is God’s last effort for the salvation of men. The one who misses supper goes hun gry through the night; the one who neglects and rejects the gracious offer of salvation in Jesus Christ shall for ever perish. It is a great supper be cause its provision was made In the counsels of the eternal Godhead. It was wrought' out by the Son of God and avails for the salvation of all races and kindred and tongues. There is no one whose sinful condition de bars him from tills precious feast. II. The Gracious and Urgent Invita tion (w. 16, 17). These words, "Corner for nil things are now ready," reveal the attitude of God toward a sinning race. Truly it is not the will of God that any should perish, hut that all should come to re pentance. Ills servants have been go ing up and down the world for thou sands of years saying to men dead in trespasses and sins, perishing for want of the bread of life, “Come; for nil things are now ready." God is never behind time. Thfre is absolutely noth ing lacking in his provision for needy souls. The only thing demanded of the hungry and dying world is that it accept his urgent Invitation. Man’s responsibility is to receive Jesus Christ. All who accept his invitation are assured of a welcome at his table. III. Men’s Attitude Toward God’s Gracious Invitation (vv. 18-20). “They nil with one accord began to make excuse." They feigned a willing ness to come, hut their excuses showed that they were completely absorbed In selfish interests and, therefore, disre garded the Invitation of the divine Host. This is a vivid picture of the reception which men are everywhere giving the gospel. 1. The first one was taken up with the buying of land. On this account lie begged to be excused. Supper time is a poor time to go to see a piece of ground. Besides, he had already bought the ground and, therefore, he was under no necessity of going to see It at supper time. 2. The second man desired to be ex cused In order that be might test a yoke of oxen which he had bought. Supper time is not a proper time to test oxen. Then, too, he had already bought them; therefore, there was no urgency In testing them. 3. The third excuse was perhaps the flimsiest of all. In all probability his wife would have been glad to accom pany him. It is to be noted that the excuses made are plausible, as they concern tilings that ate right in them selves. It is right for a man to have land, have oxen, and live with a wife, but when these legitimate interests crowd out God and the things of the Spirit, they are to be ignored. IV. Guests From th^e Highways and Hedges (vv. 21-24). 1. The anger of the master of the house (v. 21). It should not be for gotten that God, while great in mercy, is capable-of anger toward those who reject his mercy. It is a great mistake to remove anger from the character of God. To reject bis mercy exposes to Itis fierce anger. 2. Tbe Lord’s house filled (vv. 21- 23). Tbe places of tbe very ones who were first hidden were filled with other guests, some of them poor and helpless, from the lanes and streets of the city and others the vagrants from the high ways. 3. The awful condition of those first bidden (v. 24). Tne master of the house declares that none of them shall taste of his supper. Since the supper represents the free grace and mercy Of Jesus Christ, to refuse film is to be eternally deprived of the high privilege of sitting at the Master’s table. Why We Are Lonely Loneliness ts often our own fault. We have not brought others enough into our own life, or we have repelled others by making too many claims up on them, or by seeking too much sym pathy for ourselves.—Stopford A. Brooke. Goodness As the presence of salt Is not so noticeable ss its absence, so the good are most appreciated when they are gone. PATTERN 5483 Isn’t he versatile—tills pup that can wash, iron, sew and even play a violin? Just having him around—on tea towels or scarf ends t| will bright en your day. Brighten, too, the hours you spend embroidering his amusing antics in cross stitch. They’re ever so easy to do—with crosses 8 to the inch, and before you know it you’ve one for each day of eS No If* or And* Sonny Boy—Say, Dad, what Is meant by “the hone of content ion’’? Dad—The jawbone, my son. Right-o “Why do they call these cinema at tendants ushers, mother?” asked the little girl. “Don’t be silly,” interrupted her brother. “It’s because they have to tell the people to be quiet.”—Tit-Bits. Double Punishment The other night I went to an amateur theatrical performance, then went home and had a terrible dream.” “What'did you dream?’ “I dreamt I went to it again.”— Tid-Bits Magazine. the week. Use a variety of colors, or two shades of any color that yo« like. In pattern 5493 you will And a transfer pattern of seven motifs ar* eraging 5 by 8 Inches; color auggea* tlons; material requirements; Illus trations of^all the stitches that ar© needed. Send 15 cents In stamps or coins (coins preferred) to The Sewing Cir cle, Household Arts Department, 259 West Fourteenth Street, New York, N. Y. There Are Two Paths in Love and Friendship One path leads downward, with pride and folly, selfishness and lust as guides, toward the earthly, the sensual, and at last the devilish. The other lends upward, with purity and honor, generosity and scif-sacrlflee as guides, toward the celestial, the Ideal, the God like. Ix)ve Is a lire, sometimes It kin dles a harbor light to guide the heart to peace; sometimes It kindles a false beacon to lure "the heart to wreck. There Is a friendship which saves and there is a friendship which ruins. r Original Bob Was Sawed Off With Shark’s Teeth Bobbed hair for women had Its American debut in Hawaii, accord ing to I’an-Paciflc Press bureau. In ancient times, native women wore theirs long. But a haircut was no such easy matters ns nowadays. They sawed it off with a knife of sharks’ teeth. THE OLD HOG “The farmer’s wife tells me It Is profitable to keep a pig to get rid of scraps around the house.” • “I presume so. I find, however, that my husband will eat almost anything.” Not Even TarnUhod "You ain’t got no brains.” “Ain’t got no brains? Why, man. Ah got brains which ain’t been used.” I V WRIGLEY’S SPEARMINT W» PERFECT GUM ^ W C THE FLAVOR LASTS Men of Humor Men of humor are always in some degree men of genius; wits are rare ly so, although a man of genius may, amongst other gifts possess wit, as Shakespeare.—Coleridge, Cautloa Be cautious with whom you asso ciate, and never give your company or your confidence to persons of whose ‘ good principles you are not certain. WITH TWO BOX TOPS [f (autographed MOVIC SCAB I Hollywood’s latest rage! Big, de luxe photographs fashioned into unique statuettes that stand up by themselves on your table or dresser. Every one over 7 inches high— every one autographed I TRIPLE SEALED TO GUARD FRESHNESS GIT YOUt CHOICI OP THESI GREAT MOVIE STARS JOAN BENNETT JOAN BLONDBLL JAMES CAONEY CLAUDETTE COLBERT GARY COOPER BING CROSBY BETTE DAVIS _ OLIVIA DB HAVILLAND MARLENE DIETRICH ERROL FLYNN BUCK JONES RUBY KEELER / CAROLE LOMBARD FRED MAC MURRAY PAT O BRIEN DICK POWELL GEORGE RAFT RANDOLPH SCOTT MARGARET SULLAVAN MAE WEST Send only two box tops from Quaker Puffed Wheat or Rice for each photo statuette wanted. Mail to The Quaker Oats Co. F.O. Box 1083, Chic* so, IU. f