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- ( :1- EOPLES VOL O-NO. 9. PICKENS S. C., THURSDAY, MARCH 33, 1899. ONE DR THID BATTl* OF COWPENS, - Memorial Association Provides Atir a Celebration of the American Victory. Gaffney Ledger, Thd*executive comm'ttee of the Cow pens Memorial Association have fixed the 27th of May next as the day for the celebration. The committee is made up of enterprising and patriotic men and they will do their part to. wards'having a celebration worthy of the glorious event which it will com memorate. It will.be an occasion of national importance and many men of natiooal celebrity wilt honor it with .their presence. While this is true, it is also true that the complete success of. the celebration wii depend in a great measure on local interest and spirit. If, the people of the Piedmont region will actively support the com mittee in their plans ati-eiforts there -will be no douot of a grand success which will-have far rr aching influences, patriotic, material, morul and political. It will attract the attention of the U. S. Congress, widely advertise this part of the counitry, allay political and sec tional animosities, and stir the emo tions of a common paitriotism all over this broad land. - This is'the second time in the history of our couhtry that any general at tempt has been mado to commemorate the battle of Cowpens. In 1856 the little monument that now stands on the battle ground was erected by the Washington Light Infantry, an his torne military company of Charleston, commanded at that time by Capt. L. M.Hatch, whoafterwards was the gal :lant corpmander of. Hatch's Battalion ddring the great civil war. Major flatch died only a few years ago as his home on the E rench Broad, near'Asheville, N. C. He brought hie company4n 1856 by railroaa to Laurens C. H., and frni that point the men marched a o.- the country with their baggage wagons and equipments in true soldice fashion to- the battle ground of Cowpens. - There the monu - ment was erected under their auspices in the presence of a vast concourse of ..people, with simple but Imposing cere monies. bev. John G. Landrum had previously been selected as the orator of, the day, on account o( his having been recommended to ihe company as ,being inore thoroughly conversant with the history of the country than -any one else that could bc found. We have often heard the peecb of Mr. Landrum on this occasion compliment - , ed as one replete with information, pa thos and power.. Thiero is good au thority for stating that Dr. Thos. Cur tie, who heard both, pronounced it superior to Preston's great orattion at King's Mountain. A few years ago we had the privilege of reading an account di the celebra tion as given in -the Spartanburg Ex -press in its issue of Mlay I.-t, 1856, from which we infer that it was held in the laster part of April of that year. In that account it was stated that the Rev. Dr. Gillman, chaplain of the com pany,-made a few remarks appropriate to the patriotic as weil as the sacred solemnities in which the assemblage was about to engage, read the 2Iot chapter of Deuteronomy, and ofYered up a most - fervid prayer. Then Hon. W. D. Porter, State Senator from Charleston, and former captain of the company, who was-present. %a guest, was called for and responded in a few well-chosen and patriotic words. After this the main speech of the day was delivered by Mr. Landrum. These ficts, meagre as they are, we think will be of interest to many of our readers, now that after forty-tnree yoars the glorious memorics of Cow pens are again revived, and a new gen oration are moved by the spirit of their sucestors. The battle'of Cowpens was a wonder and a mystery. No man has ever been * .able to explain it on. any rational theory. It violated every prirnciple of military science, It mocked and tan. talized .human foresight and wisdom, it bade defiance to human reason and ** *philosophy. The victors were over wh'imlred with surpriee and the van quished were paralyzed wIth astonish eont.- 'fareton himself in his me *moirs, said it was inexplicable-one of those things that will sometimes hap *pen, and no man on earth can tell why. - Morgan,. wicked and profane as he was -at: .the .time, always -attributed his victory to the direct power of God. In his later years when he had become religious,.. he told, some friends that people thought during the war that 0ld Morgan was never afraid, but.the -people dliu't know. Hie ad:led that on bi~o-night boforethe battle of Cow pens, when he became certain that Tarl eton Would be on him the next morning, he was unnerved add almost overpowered with featr,' and fetthat nothing shortl .of a miracle could save him. In such -a condition, he said, in the dead hours * of the night when the'men were all -asleep, he woent out into the woods, kneeled clown in a tree top .and poured cdit -his soul: in .sueplidatjion to te God of battles, lHe declared'to his dng d1y-:thatgi~tenthat prayer he strog~heed y soe dp~onatural -power, and that he went into the battle *.. ully assured of victory. * 'he battle when judged by its actual spagnitude was an insignificant affair, one of -the most important battles ever fought-on .this continent. It fired the patriot with enthusiastic hope and struck terror to the heart of the in vader ; it destroyed British prestige, vindicated American valor, and pro claimed in thunder tones that the days of the proud oppressor wer e numbered and the or a of liberty and indepen dence i'as dawning. *What -wonderful cha~nges since that cold winter day one hundred and nine * teen years agot fHow much more did Morgan and his heroes fight for than they ever know I If the veil which ' hid the inture could have been lifted, *- and the January sun, when he rose that fateful morning, could have fiung his searching beams down the track of a hundred coming years, what a won der-land he would have revealed to the astonished gaze of' that little band of tattered heroes who rose'from their hard cold beds, to measure strength with a stern, relentless, and hitherto matchless fool How their hearts would have leaiped in a wild ecstasy of 'joy -and how their steady 'courage would have caught the inspireation of a magic power as their eyes behold the vision whioh that'day in a large measure hung upon their valor I-a vision of a sun-bright land of liberty smiling in prospority and covered with happy homes and thriving towns, and allie with the marvels of steam and.elec triolty. They have long ago passed from this earth, thoso Titantic heroes that bat- 1 tied for their country's freedom in the f woods of Cowpens. But the scene of their sublime deeds remains. They were Southern men, and as long as the rivers flow Into the sea will Cowpons be a memorial of Southern valor. Yet they were Americans, too. And 8 though a deep, qark, bloody chasm I yawns between this day and the day 0 that gave us Cowpens, lot that chasm L be spanned by an arch of common patriotism, and let. all unite in roviving afresh the memory of deeds which have made our country strong, pros porous and glorious, and in hallowing a place forever sacred to patriotism and valor. t a EFFECTS OF TRAINING. d The Influence of Surroundings Upon the Habits and Destinies of Young t People. t Cities, States and nations are proud 9 of their distinguished sons; schools 9 and colleges publish lists of their famous graduates to prove the value of the instruction given them, and elemontry schools never fail to men tion the great men who were started in life from their portals. The dis tinction has been won by the men them selves, but everybody associated with P them in any way claims a share of the honor. Nor are these claims wholly c unreasonable. The course even of a man of genius is largely determined by his environment. If he qhould rise n above the common level. t?1 resump tion is that he had good ' . -.ning in or out of school. The city or State that sends forth great men may fairly be p'esumed to have some features of so cial life &r custoni favorable to- the de velopment of genius. A little town in Pennsylvania has 01 given birth to a number of eminent a lawyers and politicians out of all pro- a] portion to its population. It would tr be interesting to trace, if possible, the reasons for its eminence in this respect. P1 The- people who settled in this town c were of a:sturdy and intelligent race; h they established good- schools and it became a custom in the community to honor learning above anything else. The youth who was born there in herited a disposition toistudy and the a( ability to acquire; provision was made a for his- eduoadion and he was stimu lated to effort by the traditions of his pf birthplaco and the example of his pre decesbors. This much is xnown, and under these favorable influences a tI large number of men distinguished t in Stato and national life have grown up in Bellefonte. to No. very brod pokilusions can be th drawn from this. 6t. similar observa- . tions, -but it seems reasonable to con clude that the inlluonces known as en vironments may be favorable or un favorable to the development of talent. The effects of training have been fro- a quently observed. A preparatory m school gains a reputation because its students are the honor men of colleges S, and- universities ; the head master dies, and Inthe course of time it loses its 14 reputation. We cannot affirm that it b( has similar material- to. deal with, but is it appears to be similar and yet it do6s w not meet with its old-time" success. It w w is a fair inference that the instruction is given is not of the same quality. Its b courses of study may remain the same, but there is lacking the inspiration of a real teacher. The pupils are no c longer well grounded in their stucties C and no longer distinguish themselves in after life. This, at least, seems to be a fair in. ference, for when we turn to less com plex problems of training, such as than of the lower animalsc, we know t beyond doubt that training counts for almost as much as natural ability. The pedigree of a horse counts for h something, his training for a great deal, and the jockey who rides him is often the prime factor in a race. It isw possible that the same factors deter mine the course of a man, though it is ditlicult for us to determine the factorsW in his case. His pedigree is not care fully kept,.or, If kept, Is not as easily el measured as that of a horse ; of his va training we can have little knowledge, v so numerous are the influences brought to bear upon him ; nor do we know b anything about the impulses that ride him 1like a jockey in Lbiu raqe. We may, however, fairly infer that ~raining " counts ifor something, and-th a it isu therefore our duty to surround the gi'owig bqy .or girl, with as many in-n fluences .for. good as possible.. The seh'obil training shoqld be thor Cugh, even though it should riot beocar riod very fir. Deficiencies in that respect may be maide up in after 'ife, p rovided'atgood foundation has been b lald: = ut above all, the hiome training and tl~e trainlitig' of social life shogld be na ade whblesome and -olovating. -The diy' State or . nation' whlah has done its duty in prornoting edu'cational influences can be. justly pitoud of those of Its sons who miaythavedistinguishod I themselves ; so also the schools 'and c collegcamafa'share in the honors won 0 by their ..graduates, provided theyb have given.. sound training and proper direcotion, to their pupils. -. The influ ences .ef training are far-reaching, and, ;b tifough' we may not be able to say just u what they have been in determining the course of an individual) we should aim -at loet to .make tnem wholly t sound and wholesome.b GRATITUD.-" When I moot a man who fought for his country," said Miss Gushington, " I always feel that I am in the presence of a hero and a bene factor to whom 1 owe a pursonal debt of gratitude.'-. *You do me too much honor,'' re plied the returned volunteer. " I did no more than my .duty, and deserve no higher praise than the man who re mained at home and fullfilled his ob ligations as a good citizen." " Oh, ye s, you doti Think of the dan gorou. were in when you followed Gen. Sampson's Rough Riders up that di'eadful hill at Man ila I4 --The iverage woman Is a firm be liever in home rul. ' AN INSUIUANOE DICCISION. Phe Supreme ,Oourt Deolares What A is the Liability of a' Mutual In surance Uorpany. The Supreme Court has rendered an mportant decision in an insurance M, Pase, the opinion being giving given an y Justice Pope. The case came up of rom Sumter County, but the company w s the Mutual Insurance Company of h ;reenvillc, whoso attorney is Ron, * oseph A. McCullough. Mrs. Lona E. H oye brought suit for recovory of $1,000 ace value of policy on property do troyed by fire. In the policy it is fol tated that this being a mutu-al- insur nce company, the policyholders should o governed by the by-laws of the con ern. Mrp. Joyo allowed an assessment jus o lapse. Before she could pay it and In e reipstated her property was do- tlii troyed .by fire. One of the by-laws thi tated that in such a case the loss must ct be paid. The supreme court sus- if' ained the circuit court, which decided an gainst Mrs. Joyo. a h The opinion of the court was ren- sin ered by Associato Justice Pope, and O ras concur-ed in by the entire court. I After stating the case and the objec- as ions to the ruling of the circuit court, art lie supreme court goes on to say: "We have examined the case with dIp reat care,. for while a contract for In- dno urance is nothing but a contract be- ea ween parties, in its last analysis, still , involves very nice care in giving a thr roper construction, because of stipu- not ktions outside of the paper embodying the i general terms such contract. Here, wil r instance, the policy of the company but iakes reference to by-laws and the ap- M lication of the insured for such insur ace, although such by-law and appli- we itions are .not recited in the policy, lidt ence in order to determine what the t )ntract between the parties actually not ay be reference of necessity must be loo, ad to those papers. Ed "As the title given by law to the do- wit indant is what is known as a mutual for isurance company, to distinguish it so om what is known as the old line or [ ock insurance companies, of course elst ie of the features of the former is that aWsons whose lives or property are hi- r red -by it are members of the insur- day ice companies, with a liability to con- tell ibuto for.membership therein, and a tea an of assessment of the members to wil iver expenses and losses. and "Now what is the particular contract our ?re in question ? It is that the plain- lid ff agreed in her application for insur- sca ice to be bound by the by-laws which had ke defendant was by its charter eve ithorized to prevcribe. The very etc )licy issued sets forth: 'That the nouit of loss is to be determined as wit w charter and by-laws of this com- of mny., By the written application of bet e plaidtiff for membership an insur- wit ice she stipulates: 'It is agreed that &re Is no contract of insurance until Q application is accepted and the boo licy or certificate is issued, subject eoy the conditions and ' 6tipulations h erein contained.' The 2d section .of th e charter of the company (see act ap- htie oved December 22, 1894), is in these rde: 'Such insurance to be for loss by as o, wind or lightning, upon such terms may be fixed by the by-laws of said eve rporation.' Section 7 of the by-laws akes it the duty of the secretary to Mai itify policyholders of assessments. 3ction 11 provides that losses shall be the 4d by pr rata assessment. Section froi provides that property insured shall T liable to assessment until the policy on cancelled. Section 19 is in these vol ords: 'All assessments must be paid firs ithin thirty days after written notice vol mailed. If not paid the policy shall L suspended, and be liable to assess- for ent until cancelled. Suspended poll- of es shall be reinstated without extra tolk ist by assured paying back assess- eat ents, provided that the property be at the same condition as when sus-cx nded.' -" "Now, in this case at bar, the plain- ho rr herself introduced testimony show- an g that two assessments were unpaid, con wit: One issued in December, 1896, h id one issued 27th January, 1897; that e secretary of the association notified a c ir that her policy was susrionded for av Ilure to pay assessments on the 27th ns February, 1897. . Trhat her property is as destroyed by fire on the 13th ofth arch, 1898, and tbat, she did not for-gu ard the money for the asacssments at due until after the fire. So thattu her own testimony she showed that the io had violated her contract, which olation, by the ternrs of said contr-act, itiated her policy.wo "But she attempts to show a waiver, as y reason of her loss having been ad-Ca lsted by an ollicea of the company, col rerlook ing the fact that she had stip- am lated in her proof of loss that 'the an arnishing of this blank toassured, or s taking up proofs by adjustor for comn- Na any, is not to be~considered as a waiver a any of the rights of the comp nany.' wil "Again, it was suggested that the resident of the company, by his letter asi her dated April 22, 1898, had stated iat her claim would be paid and there- No y there was a waiver of the right to Ma 3gard her policy as vitiated by her Th wvn act of failing to pay the assess- lhe ente before the loss lby fir-e.al "It is quite true oueh a letter was h ritten -but <it .was followed by ontc >mo time afterwarde denyt'ig. all ability. There was no proof'that any riange in the condition of plaintiff had I rbon the result of the first letter of the me resident. up "The result of oar reflections upon to 1e matters set out in the brief covered wa y the three exceptiens is that we are m nable to see any reversible eri'or in fat ie prdeir for von-suit-.~h "It is ,the judgment :of this court cci aa h ugetof the circuit court cai no: CASTORA on For Infants andi Ohildren. 121 rho Kind You Have Always Bought i Bears the Signaturo of ? s~ 444'191 sti eal -Th le man who keeps an eye on the as lue separating obstinacy from inde- D)e endence will save himself a lot of eli rnnhio. Se AMONG THE FILIPINOS. Woman's View of Matters at Ma alia-Her Experience With Na ives. )ne of the few American women In mnila is Mrs. 0. H. Nosier, of Spok e, Washington, the courageous wife L eutenant Nosier of company L, o is now keeping house with her eband at his post of duty. She had ong journey across the Paciflo to ing Kong, and back to the Philip. tes. Vrs. Nosier has written home the lbwing interesting letter, which res a woman's view of matters at bnila' Cddie (Lieutenant Nosier) and I have t got back from the city. We live the suburbs, as people do in some of % many additions at home where it is okly settled. But there are no roe out here, only fruit stands, and, ve want anything else we take a rig 1 go to the city for it, about one and alf miles. We have had no rain cc I came, although it has been udy. Ve are still eating with the oflicers, the house isn't painted yet. They so low here. This is a dreadful ce to get anything in. They simply 't know what is meant by a cook stove, the most necessary thing on th. They use a kind of a fireplace cook on. There are a few, two or oo, steel ranges, not one-half, no, one-quarter, as nice as mine, and y want $125 for them. I would lingly give $25 for a No. 6 stove, there are simply none for love or 'icy. Lftor riding around all afternoon, found one little cook stove with two i and an oven about a foot square an American stove on high lega :amper, and the price is $25. It <s as if it bad been in use ten years. is going to take an interpreter h him tomorrow and try to get it $10. I doubt if it will bake, but if it is better than none at all. is just tha same with everything i. We tried everywhere to get io silk thread to make my pongee dress, bat could find none. Mon morning we will have a Spanish 3her to come here to our house to 3h us and 18 of our bo3s. Saturday, Ie we were at dinner, between 5:30 7 o'clock, some natives got into house through the window and ped themselves. We came in and red them out, or we wouldn't have L a taing left. They say they will n take an old plate if they can't LI anything else. They got away i my revolver, knives, forks, and one, six pair of new socks, ten yards iow dross goods- some that I had ght in Chlia-my little powder box h the large pearl buttons in it. lil's ring, all stick pins, letters and is guns of E's best suit, my pocket k-little money-check for $13 and L'ral things. It makes mc wild mn I think of it, but I am thankful y took so little. Can't leave the se day or night. he insurgents Lave made no trouble ret, but they are still armed, and ry night before going to bed we lay eything handy for a call during the 'it. I am the only American wo i out this way, and for once am a ng wonder. Every one stares and 1 natives laugh and look me over n head to foot. he boys thiuk they have the laugh me now, and say I am the first inteer to be disgraced, as I am the L to be disarmed, because my re ror was stolen. ,ast evening while I was waiting Ed to come back from supper, one ,he boys came hurrying down and I me to go up to the barracks and , that they were expecting an attack any minute. He was very much ited, and said he should think I ild be afraid to stay here in the se alone. I went up to the barracks found it almost deserted, as all the ipanies had been sent out .to find ir exact positions, so that in case of a~ll they would know just were to They didn't stay out long, how r. Everything was put in readi for an outbreak, the men were ed an extra supply of ammunition, band was also supplied, and the rd doubled. to came home and packed up my ik and hamper and sent them up to barracks, for if there was a call I ldn'i. stay here in the house alone, if I loft those thieving natives ild steai everything we had. Just we got packed Colonel Whooly and >tIeAh: Moore called. I asked the onol if hu expected trouble soon, l he said we must be prep~ared for rthing at any time, and added : ou are a brave little woman, Mrs. sler, to stay out here." But Tocd I I dIon't think that the insurgente 1 attempt to take Manila. aast night after we were all sound cop, we had to get up and dress. o orderly called : " LIeutenant sl'r, report to your captain at once." ybe yon think we didn't dress fast. e colonel sent for me to come to idquarters and stay. The company turned out, but didn't go far, when ay were ordered back, and all went bed again. Such is army life. CARlLY RISING.-A t Hawarden one rning Dorothy Drew refused to get When all other means had failed coax her out of bed, Mr. Gladstone s cal led. " Why don't you get up, child ?" lie asked. " Why, grand her, dildn't you tell mee to do what 13ilblo says?'' asked D~orothy. "Yes, ~tainly." " Well, it disapproves of 'ly rising ; says it's a waste of time." .Gladstone knew hie Bible better n miost men, but lie was not equal Dorothy. Leor once in his life he was rpiussed. " You listen, then," went Dorothy in reply to his exclamatIon astonishment, and turnicg up her ble, she read the second verse of the th Psalm, laying great emphasis on 3 first words, " It is vain for you to e up early." -Aluminum is found combined with other mnincrals, anud hence con tutes a large part of the crust of the eth. -The birth of a boy with two tongues d no brains is reported from South ~kota. The Macon Telegraph ex umes: " What a fine United States nator he will makn." TRUSTS AN INJURY TO SOCIETY Senator Chandler Wants to Sav the Republican Party firom Theli Domination. Hon. Wm. E. Chandler, U.S. Sonator from New Hampshire, has boon ex. pressing his views against trusts very freely for a Republican, and in a ro. cent issue of the Now York World hc gives the reasons for his denunciation of these gigantio monopolies as fol lows: My recent statements concerning trusts were incidentally mado and were not expressed with completo ac curacy. My ideas are these: That the growth of trusts in this country is destroying all incentives to individual onterprise and putting all power, industrially, in the hands of the multi-miilionaires. Ingenious and industrious mon of moderate means, whether manufac turers or traders, are being crushed out by the enormous monopolies. The brightest and best business men in the country are rapidly being forced to become more salaried employees of corporations with immense capital. The effect of such an industrial system is deterioration in society as a w hole. The Influonces of such aggregations are not only powerful industrially but omnipotent politically. Those onor mous combinations of capital control the politics of the country, nominate the candidates, then furnish the means to carry the elections, and later direct all legislation, Stato and national, and dominate the use of all executivo power. The principal notion I have Is that this condition of affaire should not be allowed to destroy the Republican party. To preserve that party and give a national victory in 10U0, doubt less under the lead of President Mc Kinley, is my great desire. Yet I fear that we shall not get such a victory if the party does not, prompt ly take ground in Stato and national conventions against the enormous trusts and monopolies that are now being formed in every direction and in connection with every great industry. The Financial Chronicle, as well as The World, recently published an estimate of the size of the new trusts, the capital of which amounts to more than one thousand millions of dollars. Although the men who con'.rol these trusts are principally Republicans, the great mass of Republican voters are not in favor of the now system under which aggregated wealth handled by a few men undertakes to destroy indi vidual enterprise. Therefore proper appeals made to bhe great body of the Republicans :f the country will prevent the Re publican party from being placed In the attitude in which the Democrats are endeavoring to place It-of sub jugation to the trusts-while the De mocratic party Is loudly promising to liberate society from the domination of monopolies. Making such appeals, it now seems to me, should be the Immediate work )f the Republicans who wish for suc msso in 1000. The Republican party ihould oppose trusts by all feasible neasures of State and national logis ation. By promising and endeavoring o do this President McKinley and his )arty will secure an easy victory in 000. Our only danger will arise from allure to take the popular ground on his overpowei ing question. The desire which I have to give to ;he Republican party a great victory n the coming Presidential election A ill doubtless not be shared by The World, which I assume desires the do 'eat of the Republican party and the success of the opposition. Nevertheless The World should re alize that the Republican party is not to be given ever without a struggle to the control of trusts and monopolies, nor to the domination of the money power. The many are to govern in this country rather tban the few, and they are more likely to govern through the agency of the Republican party than through a political organization made up of the disorganized Democracy and the demoralized Populists. How TILLMAN GOT H11s Barns. [n the closing session of the peniten tiary investigating committee the testi mony revealed the fact that the~ro is an unpaid claim for 12,000 brick fur iished to Senator Tillmnan in 189)5 by she penitentiary. The facts brought mut are about as follows : In July, 1895, Senator Tillman was >uilding at Trenton and was in need of ome brick. In an offhand way he said ~o Col. Neal, who, with Col. Lipscomo, was operating a brick yard for- which the State furnished convict labor, the two parties to the contract sharing brick and brick alike, that he w ished ho would ship him a car load to Trenton. In the same conversation about brick and his need for 12,000 of them, accord ing to Col. Lipscomb's recollection of the story as narrated by Col. Neal, Senator Tillman's mind seemed to dOwellupon the ingratItude of republics, for not much sooner had he ordered the shipment than he said . " I have been going to Clembon an'd Wintbr-op colleges as trustee and now I am 'going to ask .tho Legislature for remunera tion." The brick were shipped to the Senator at the reqluest of Col. Neal and Col. Llpscomb took the privilegn of sending a bill along with them. No answer was received to the bill. Col. Lipscomb then mentioned the matter to Col. Neal, who said " just charge the brick to the penitentiary account." They were so charged ; the peniten tiary paid for them, but has never col lected from Senator Tillman. From the testimony no effort has been madle to do so and the item was not oven carried on the penitentiary books as an asset. -The Standard Oil company has 10 active gas wells -at lola, Kas., one of which produces 10,000,009 cubIc foot o f gas daily. -Boston now boasts the biggest grain elevator in the world. It can load ves sels at the rate of 46,000 bushels of wheat per hour. You rub the painful surface with Alli gator Lininent, it is abhsorbd~ anid p'eno trates to the root of the comp1jlaint arnd the pain is gone. We guarantco it or money back. nl eer awaee, TAKING OF THE CENSUS. The Proliminary Work Is Already liegun-The Policy to be Pursued, Ex:Governor Merriam, of Minnesota, is in charge of the census to be taken in 1900, and the policy that will govern the task has boon outlined in an official statement made to the Associated Press. Director Merriam has gone to his home in Minnesota, and during his absence for a short time there will be no consideration of appointments, and it will be at least thirty days before an other selection of a staff officer is made, with the probable exception of Prof. Henry Gannett, of Washington, as geographer. This is in accordance with a decision of the director that in his absenco no promises~of of oflce nor assurances nor encouragomonts for any will be given. Several of the ollicials already selected have qualified, and the activo prelimninary work will begin at onoo. The statement of policy follows: AE to thc prospectivo appointments to ollico, the service of no more stalf offiors can be utiliad at present and there will be no (1etove selected within thirty days. Prof. Henry Gannett, the well known geographer of the geolog lcal survey, who was the political and statistical geographer of the last con sus, hani boon asked to take chargo of the same wark for the coming census and if the geological survey is willing to sparo him sullielently to undertake this work he will be entrusted with it and given an absolutely free hand. Until the schedules com back to the ollic fron the enumerators in July, 1900, there will be no clerks wantol savo such a sniall skolton force as will be necessary to take care of the corres. pondence and oilice work proliminary to the taking of the consus. When the schedulcs come back there will be a large force of employes ap pointed. All applications for 0111c will receive consideration, and a large number already have befen received andl(] placed oi file. While the impression has gono ab.oad that the census is to be a refuge for incompetency, the truth and the actual facts are that all applicants will be subjected to examination befora ap pointmnlt, which will be as rigid as the examination before the civil Per vice commission. No political influence will be sulicient to put an employee on the census pay rolls of whose compe tency to do the work assigned him the director Is not satislied in advance. And, furthermore, If any employee is found to be imcomi.etent on trial such employce will be discharged regard less of his or her political backing. The examination of employees wili be directed, not so much for the testing of tAr genural information and capac ty as it will be to their litness for the work to bo done, us for examplo, no person who cannot writo or spell satis factory wi!I be appointed, nor calculat orS wino can not calculate. istrativo ollicers are selected, there must be 300 supervisors appointed and in their selection consultation will be had with Sontators and Reprosentativos in the respective States. It may be announced also that Senators and Rep resentatIves who do not, bolong to the Republicln party will receivo tile same fair treatm ut along thk line that is given Republicans. Those supervisors will be appointed by the Proesident and confirmed by the Senate. None of these as now contemplated are to be recess appointments, but the list will be ready for submission to the Senate at the opening of the next session. Tole supervisors in turn will appoint -0.0000 enumerators to do the actual work throughout the country, but the list of appointments of enumerators first must have the approval of the director of the census. Afiter approval they will be immedIately furnished the necessary blanks and instructions. This will be no small task. Assuming the p~opulation of tihe United States at thIs time to be, in round numnbers, 90, 000,000 people1, there' must, b) 400,000 shooets issued for the population sched ules alone. Adding to these the other schedules there will have to be in the aggrognte not less than 500,000 suchl sheets in prilnted form lssued. All this mass of paper will be manufac tured and printed without delay, in counting the population every indI vidual will be represented by a sepa rate beard and there will have to be manufactured and printed not less than 100,000,000 of these cards. TLhe prob~ability is that a system of machine calculating which admits of counting facts in combination and which worked so well in the last eon sus will be adopted for that of 1900. The office will have to select from the various devices the most satisfactory and a'eufficiont number to do the work must then be manufvctured. The work will be pushed with all p)ossiblo speed consistent with accuracy and every etort made to avold dragging the workI along unnecessarily. Taken all in all, the complete number of appointments thlat will be made in the course of the JonsHus will be over .15,000. Thosodincludos 18 or 20 staff of ficers, 300o supervIsors, '40,000 enumera tors, and about 3,000 clerks and other emp jloycos here. A D)IAMoNI) 110AI.-Strange as it may appecar, there Is a roadway near KImberly, in South A frica, which is literally a bed of dilamonds. The de brIe from the mines has been thrown outside ol theo city walls In enormous (quantities, and for the last eight years has been utllized for macadamizing the road f rom Kimberly to the dIamond threw many of the miners out of work, it occurred totecity council to as sign a smail sectIon of this diamond road to each one, for him to wash it over and see if he could find any dia monds of value. The only condition imC pos5 -d was that he was to put stone ma cidanm wherever he removed the other. OwIng to the industry of the minems and the Introduction of new procesos, each yard of the road yielded from $3,000 to $5,000 worth of diamonds. There they foulnd and are still finding dIamond bearing debris of a market value of one hundred, two hundred and even three hundred thousand dollars to its workers. It is no exaggeration, then, to speak of this as the only road of diamonds In the world, a more royal roadway than ever king or queen rode nnon. A D T.UA ON The Cubans area rese Under A-ioa William Willard Howiud 4640 ' Z1 manager of the Cuba Industruf -:j JV fund, of New York, ha p#Ased th Jacksonville on his .way home Won Cuba. He goes North to pwobas0 agricultural implements and Asdo fdf', the use of the industrial relief stIo 04e which he has just established Guines, Cuba. Mr. Howard said: "The condition of Cuba, so far as ny observations have gone, is really worse than it was this time last year, when 1 made my first investigations. In the rural districts little has been done to restore the island to its normal condi tion. The fields ure vacant, and the farmers idle. The people still remain In the towns and cIties, where army rations are Issued to them. They can not return to their abandoned farms because they have nothing to return with. "Our government has 'done, and is doing nothing to enable farmers to re sumo the cultivation of their lands. All that it pretends to do is to distrib uto rations through local committeAq of Cubans. Governor General Brooke and the officers under him, realize keenly the condition of things, but they cannot give any assistance except food. Ours is not a paternal govern mont. "The condition of the widows and orphans of Cuba is heartrending. There are thousands upon thousands of those poor creatures scattered o@er the island. They have neither homes to live in, food to cat, nor clothes to cover them. One cannot think of their fM. ure without a shudder. I am espe cially concerned for the poor little or phan girls, who roam the streets, scantily clad, asking for a bit of food with which to keep their little bodies and souls together. What will become of theso girls ? Their future, for good or for evil, lies with the people of the United States. "Among these widows and orphans I have as lately as last week seen Indi vidlual cases of destitution and physical emancipat'on worse than anything - that i saw in Armenia during the two years that I gave to Armenian relief work. And to have these wrecks of humanity stand and look up to the Stars and Stripes waving over their city hall, gives one a queer sensation. The generous American people surely cannot understand the condition of Cuba, or those poor people would be taken care of. "I do not spusk of the sick, the in firn or of those who hobble about, cov ored with loathsome sores, resulting from starvation. I cannot speak of them, for the English language is In adequato to the task. They should have been cared for in hospitals long months ago. Why it has not been done I cannot understand. "The condition of Cuba is a reproach to the American people, and a blot upon civilization. We are going to do something to Improve that condition, and we invite all loiers of humanity in the United Statee to help us, for the good name of the American flag. Our fag should mean something to those homeless, helpless orphans and desti tuto country people. Money for these orphans or for our industrial relief work should be sent to the Continental Trust Company, 30 Broad street, New York city, "I'or the Cuban Industrial Itolief Fund." THu NIORo IN Tl'lE FACTORY.-Two years ago the cotton factory at Char eston was launched upon the experi ment of negro labor in the cotton mill. Last week it was sold, and was bought in by President Montgomery, of the Pa colet and Spartan mills at Spartanburg, who purposes to continue the experi mernt with negro help. President Montgomery tells the Charleston News and Courier: " About the only thing I have to say is that I have bought the property for myself and associates and will operate it with negro labor. I believe the en terprise will prove successful. We could not use negro labor in the mills In the up-country, and I would not think of attempting such a move, but the conditions in Charleston are pecu liarly adapted to the step. I said four years ago that I thought the mil here could be made to pay if negroes were put in to op~eratoe it. Of course, we will have white superintendents and white overseers, but the roetine work will be performed by negroes." Commenting on this statement, the Atlanta Journal says : " It is noticeable that Mr. Montgom ery says this kind of labor would not suit the Spartan and Pacolet mills, "here more complicated machinery is used, and fner goods are produced. This points to the emplboment of no gre labor in producing the coarser cot ton goods. White labor must then take a steop upward by developing more skill. This shows the wisdom of this State in adding a textile department to the Gieorgial Institute of Technology. The white operatives of the South must prepare to enter the field of om petition with New England in the pro duction of finer fabrics. If the intro duction of negro labor into the mills shall have the effect of hastening this development of the higher grades of textile industry in'the South it will not be a bad thing for the white race.'' WiIAT IT CosT.x-In our war with Spain we had 329) soldiers killed in battle ; 125 died of wounds and 5,2?? of disease ; a total loss of 5,'731. Thic is a much heavier loss than most persons are aware of. The news of each vic tory on land and sea told of the remark ably small number of our soldiera and sailors who were even struck and hence the general impression that few lives were sacrificed. When we loolk on a death roll that goes up to nearly o,000 we realize that the war was a much more serious thing than we h~a4 supposed. The deaths from Filipino bulIlets and the poison of the. Philippine climate are not included in the figures given above. The death roll is length ened over there every day and thie most dreaded season is just setting in. Compared to the loss of thousands of lives the money expouided'in he war with Spain ia of small ininortance but it makes an item of $500,006,00b in round numhbes