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mom km. in New Methods Have Changed the Woik ul Gathenng. PEARLER WELL EQUIPPED With a Suit of India Kubbcr Coppei lii'wuilpluli's, and Lcadcti \Veij;ht? He Descends to the Bottom of tin Seax?Spends From Six to lCl^ht Hours There. The Sorvilla pearl given by J11 liiib Caua>ai lo Brutus' mother was said to huve been worth (175,000, says Lou don Tit-lilts. For a pearl an inch in diameter a Persian shah of the wicuicviiUl U'iil(ll) l!S MlIU IU Mil V ?: paid $320,000. The pearl market U Somewhat lowdr nowaday.s, but prices are Ktill high enough to make diving profitable. The era of naked divers exposed to peril from sharks has passed a way. Modern progress equips Hit pearler with a suit of India rubber co j) per breastplate, with leaden weights back and front; helmet, glusr panelled and w it it telephonic attach ' ments; air pipes, life lines and b submarine searchlight. Thus equipped the pearl diver may spend six or oiglu hours at the bottom of the sea, whereas in olden times three minutes made a record. Although pearls are found In nearly all mollusks and even in univalves like the Australian liallotis, a kind of barnacle, true pearls are produced only by the pearl oyster or mothet ot pearl shell. The latter is reail.v the diver's bread and nutter. Tht shells uie as big as dinner plates and weigh two pounds when cleaned They fetch from $T>00 to $7f)U u ton The ancient fisheries were chief!) In the Indian Ocean and Persian (full l?ut nowadays the best pearls com;? from Ceylon and from Australiai. waters, especially Torres Straits. Pearl fishing in Ceylon is a govern meat monopoly. In March the Heel starts for two pearling grounds, each vessel with twenty or thirtv diverr and their assistants. But the head quartern ot pearling are to he found in the den date country extending l'rom Exniouth Gulf to King Sound In Western Australia. A glistening white coast line i? this, whose monotony is broken onlv by mango I ringed salt water creeks and scorching deserts of spinifex and *and. Long heforo inland gold was dreamed oi roving natives fished these seas for pearls, and they paid many visits to Roebuck Bay and what is now the pearl town ol liroome. Chinese and Malays as well as tribes of native black fellows aio there to-day, but the old nude div?rs, the reign of terror and piracy when a large haul was made these and similar conditions have passed away, giving place to Meets ami luggers carrying modern diving outfits and representatives of the inevitable capitalist in the person of the inastei pearlers. Here are six hundred miles of coast line, with perhaps five thousand hardy adventurers engaged In the pearl trade. There are some thousands of Jap anese, Maniiamen, Malays and men of other races acting chiefly as crews for the vessels. The vessels are schooner rigged and from seven <.0 founteen tons burden. Each carries a master diver and a crew of four, one of whom is the diver's assistant and workH the air pumps. Another holds the life line and pays attention to signals; another Is catching lis!) or peeling potatoes for dinner, ami it may be a third has gone off in the dingey for fresh water and lire-wood The shells are found on ledges about ninety feet down in the ** #. but they are far more plentiful at greater depth. Foitune awaits the Inventor of a diving apparatus which will enable the pearler to work in comfort one hundred fathoms down. The lugger has a low freeboard to allow the diver with his heavy dress and gear to be easily hauled jii board He carries a net holding tin ahells wiilt bun, and w'lien tins full he has it hauled up so that he himself may run no risk of entangling life nne or air pipe. When the pearler works at, say. twenty fathoms he moves easily, notwithstanding his forty-pound boots, amid groves of coral trees, interlaced with fluttering, fern-like plants, among whose branches swim gorge ous tropical fish and sinister water snakes, which seem to resent the intrusion of so strange a monster. A good day's work is anything more than two hundred pairs of shells. The business is absolutely speculative. One diver may gather ton after ton of shells without securing anything of greater value than a few seed pearls, while another may take a fortune out in a day's gathering. The most famous pearl discovered in Australia of late years is known as the Southern Cross. It consists of a cluster of nine pearls in the shape of a cross. This freak of nature was picked up at low water on the Lacipede Island by a beachcomber named Clark, who, after burying it for some time for superstitious reasons, sold it for $50; later, it brought $50,000. The pearl diver of to-day, protected as he Is by every device known to modern submarine engineering, is exposed to many perils. He may lose bis life by the tearing of his dresa lippn the sharp coral rocks. SENT HACK HOME. I The Times Says Florence Police Aid in Kcscue Work. The Florence Times says a very sad ease was brought to the attention of the town authorities there Sunday morning when two young girls, Maggie Smith and Lillie Campbell, ages about 16 and IS years appealed to the police to help them get bttck to their home in Columbia. Lillie Campbell told the story to OlHcer Cain of how she ami her friend had been pursuaded to come to Florence by a woman who lived there. Saying that everything had been misrepresented to them. They were told that this was a tine place to live and that they could easily obtain employment and would get along well. Lillie accepted Iter story and came down here with this woman Friday. When they arrived tit ttiis woman s house they at once realized that they could not be satisfied at such a plae ;. They became dissatisfied and wanted to leave and were ill treated by this woman who tried to force them to stay. They said that they wero. determined to leave that place and go back to their people in Columbia if possible. They went to the residence of a citizen about 10 o'clock Saturday night and were allowed to spend the night. The next morning their case was reported to t lie police and the result of the whole tiling was that the woman who had pursuaded them to come down here was made to pay their way back to Columbia. JOHNSON'S PLATFORM. Please Wall Street anil the Thieving ' <......4 o I lint The Springfield Republican says the platform adopted by the Minnesota Democrats in placing (iov. Johnson before the country as a Presidential candidate, is manifestly keyed to suit the Eastern and Southern conservative wing of the party, while] containing compliments and concessions calculated to concilate the following of Mr. Hr.van. No one who was ignorant of Gov. Johnson's record in Minnesota would know from this platform how much of a radical he bad been in his present otllce, for the platform contains no bint of some of the policies which, as Governor, he has advocated. This appeal to the conservative wing of tho national Democracy is, however, the kind of politics which Gov. Johnson's President ial candidacy now forces upon him. lie must win I lie nomination, if tiiat be possible, not by competing with Mr. Ilryan in bis own line, but by setting himself up as a contrast. Gov. Johnson's Presidential candidacy had its origin in the growing desperation of those Democrats who could not endure the thought of another Bryan candidacy or the thought of Bryan in the White Mouse, and its chief dynamic force is ueriveu iroin me niu.erness leu lor Bryan by the elements represented most conspicuously by the New York World. The Johnson platform will not. displease those elements. They are making a stubborn contest in the hope of taking advantage of the twothirds rule, and it is upon that alone that, practically speaking, Gov. Johnson's hopes now rest. NATIONAL CAMPAIGNS COSTLY. Amounts Spent by Parties in Presidential Election Years. Recent debates in Congress on a national publicity bill have revealed some interesting facts, not the least of these being that as far back as 1800, when Lincoln and Douglass were the opposing candidates of the Republican and Democratic parties respectively, tremendous amounts of money were expended for campaign purposes. In only two Presidential elections sice 1800 has the Republicans spent less than the Democrats. Those two years were in 1884, when James G. Blaine and Grover Cleveland were the candidates, and in 1892, when Harrison and Cleveland wore the nominees of their party. The following, which Is believed to be as accurate as It Is possible to make It, shows the total expenditures of both the Republican and the Democratic parties since 1860: I860, Abraham Lincoln, $100,000; Douglass, $50,000. 1864, Abraham Lincoln, $125,000; McClellan, $50,000. 1868, U. S. Grant, $150,000; Seymour, $75,000. 1872, U. S. Grant, $250,000; Iloronn /"ItAAA 187G, R. B. Hayes, $950,000; Tilden, $1)00,000. 1880, Garfield, $1,100,000; Hancock, $355,000. 1884, James G. Plain, $1,300,000; Cleveland, $1,400,000. 1 892, Harrison, $1,850,000; Cleveland, $2,350,000. 1896, McKinley, $16,500,000; Bryan, $675,000. 1900, McKinley, $9,500,000; Bryan, $425,000. 1904, Roosevelt, $3,500,000; Parker, $1,250,000. < "What made you kick Jimpson?" "He called me an ass." "Oh, well, kicking is a characteristic of asses, but I shouldn't think you'd want to confirm Jimpson's statement so quickly." \*o so.\r xi:::i>ir> ix haititi d. Wonderful Spring hi the California Desert?!'!tt!illc P.rttorn. Pov in the .'allforiPa desert. 1"? m i. fro'n I i Av.9r.en. an'1 si:: 'u ?' * fro t. Ilr.e " *h*? 11* " Pac. : rui.'road are the remnant i or what was ace the "(lard' n of C-' a." Some twee,ty-flve vers ago some St Loui. and ICvansvllle capitalists coil "elv the Idea tliat the desert 'and coulo ho utilized, and by Irrlgat.on could lie ma do a gin it fruit-pro lacing country. Accordingly the> set out an Immense orchard of young tre.?^ ? nnr!cot. lemon, orange nnd citron built substantial buflnings for their overs? 'T ami workmen, laid artltlual walks and oenutlfied the grounds w th shrubbery and flowers. They made n contract with a cornpan. which owned a reservoir on the San Bernardino mountains, and soon th * Iic|tiid life from the uplands wat flowing Into the garden, beautifying and transforming every growing thing. This went on fpr several yeac and from that sandy waste grew Into promiso and beauty, a love ly orchard. Llo sanguine were the promoters thai they incurred the expense of a narrow gunge railway from their property to the Southern Pacific, making connection at Palms Spring Station. The grove was now at almo? the hearing point and the Investors were looking forward to quick dividends, when, as a result of an altercation between the grove owners a .ci the water company, the latter cut oft the water supply, and long berr the matter could be adjusted by the courts the flowers had with er'c\ the trees had died and the whole estate had reverted to the lesei , with only the stump of a tree ro and thorp "to point the moral I tiiirl adorn the tale." A few miles from this wreck, says the Louisville "Courier-Journal," around the spur of a mountain, is a little valley, owned by a canny Scotchman, Dr Murray. The doctor has or ought the water from tho mountain near by and has created an "oasis in the desert." tie has about ten acres in orange" and alfalfa, ant. nothing could bu lore pleasant to the eye. after ranging over a sandy waste, than this ' harming little valley. An Indian reservation adjoins tho doctor's ranch, and from them he lenses for $100 pei annum, a rare spring. The pool formed by thkt spring Is about as large as a good sized room and is covered by a rude shack. The uniform temperature ol the water Is 100 degrees, and it I? said to have many healing properties, being especially efficacious in nil man no o. Idood and nervous troubles When you first enter this pool youi feet strike a soft, san lv bottom and you are apparently in water abut! IS lacnes deep. All at once a rip;>!< go s over tho surface, much as If stone had been thrown in, and neat von ' ou not'ee tin* sand has opened, disclosing a hole as large as the cir inference of your hodv, but hovJ op >ou arc fraid to think. m.t 1110 doctor mils there Is nn din per and vo i t;iko your life hi : >ung hands and plunge in. Down you ko up to your neck, and, fonrin.} a quick sand, you call out to the doc., tri, hut he, smiling irnperturhlv, bids vou keep quiet and await results. I'resently you feel a soft impae: upon the soles of your feet, an I slowly hut irresistibly you feel your self being forced to the surface. Wlt'i in the space of three minutes you are again standing in eighteen Inched of water, and the hole has disappeare'', only to appear a few feet further on. i on hasten to it. plunge in and a ain reach the surface as before, Only one hole is formed at a time, and between th- closing of one and the appearing of another, there is an interval of about five minutes. In this wonderful hath you do not reqr're any brush or soap, but when you come out your skin is smooth and spotless, here and there appearing upon your body minute scales of silica. After dashing a bucket of 'd water over you you feel wonderfully Invigorated and refreshed. People come hundreds of miles to a.he ii. these healing waters, and i' ! twk rlnnf ah oaii 1 -I /\r? I n I" . uu vv/u iu 111 kj v t' hi >n spring to Los Angeles lie could make iiis fortune in a fow years. The Indians (the Mission tribe) attach great value to the water and use the overtlow of the pool for bathing and drinking purposes. U. 8. Cemetery In Mexico. "' 'hough very few people are aware of the fact," said an army officer the itiier day, "the United States Government owns and maintains a nation' al cemetery in Mexico. It is locate.1 at ban Cosme, near the City of Mexi'o, and was purchased and establish?d in tire year 1850 for the purpose >f interring the remains of soldiers >f the United States who died or vere killed in that vicinity during ho war with Mexico and also for interring the bodies of citizens of the United States who have died in that 'icinity since that period." "See here," asked the cautions trangor, "if I decide to stay here for ? week, how much is it going to cost ne?" "You can answer that best ourself," replied the clerk of tlio '<Moi da hotel. "Hov much have you ,jt?"?Philadelphia Press. Immigration has almost stopped, t is reported from the East. So long is it brings in Black Hand gangs ij eems desirable to have It cease al* ogether, Actaemi * *'Og8 A*?ain. The Socialists of the Eighth Congressional district, of Ohio, are jubI ilant over the news that two English j duchesses have agreed to stump that district in the interest of their "an!dictate for Congress. rneoe uuchI esses have plenty of money and fluent tongues, and will appeal especially to the negro voters. There advent bodes no good for the Republicans of Ohio. The negroes are among the most susceptible people in the world to the influence of money, fine clothes, and fine phrases. They may yet be drawn into the ranks of the Socialist party, which was born of the protective policy of the Republicans. And, in that case, we shall have another instance of Acteon devoured by his own dogs. We Shall See. The Charleston Evening Post says it does not believe that a serious effort will be made to pass the bill reducing the representation of the South in Congress and the Electoral College because the more liberal minded people of the North, though thnv rln nnt ?ltnirr?thnr nnrlnrst^irul our problem, have an instinctive sympathy with us in our efforts to solve it and do not wish to make it more difficult than it is by nature, and public sentiment will not support an undertaking to punish the South for maintaining the barriers of race integrity. The Post thinks the Crumpacker amendment was passed at this time for campaign purposes and it would not be surprised if it acted as a boomerang upon the Republican party by arraying against it intelligent men who do not approve of playing with solemn thingsand who do not favor oppression of the South for its'refusal to vield an instinct that is common to all white men of right mind in the land. The Republicans have no serious notion of enacting this amendment into law at this time. It was passed by the Republican Congressmen as a feeler, ai d if they win the fall elections by decisive majorities, they will accept that as a<i endorsement of their war on the South and proceed 10 enact me amendment into law. The trusts recognize the fact that if the Democrats ever get in power they v ill be made to toe the mark, and theiefore they have instructed their active agents, the Republican party, to rob the Democratic South of one third cf its representation in Congress and the Electoral College and thereby materially lessen the chance of the government falling into the hands of the people. But as the Post says it will prove a boomerang. The Republicans say thev will revise the tariff after the election. They want to wait and see how liberally the trusts will contribute to the campaign fund so as they can be rewarded according to their liberality in furnishing money to defeat Bryan at the polls in November. It is about fixed that Taft will be nominated for President on the first ballot by the Republicans. He may lack a few votes now, but he will tap a fresh barrel at the convention and the colored delegates from the South will fall over one another in an effort to get to A \ 1 . . tne pie coumer. Senator Tillman's contention that the solution of the race problem is the disfranchisement of the negro has been endosed by every Republican Congressman by voting to reduce the South's representation in Congress and the Electoral College because of the property and educational qualification for voters in this section. The so-called currency bill as passed by Congress was fixed up by the conference committee to suit Wall Street and the frenzied financiers. So these enemies of the publicDhave things in their own hands. We would rather lose one-half of our Congressmen and half of our rpnrpspnt atinn in thp Elpptnral Cnl lege than to see the return of the days of "good stealing" that held sway in the days of the carpet-bagger and scallawag. The present Congress has done nothing for the people of real value. It stood pat and squandered over one billion dollars. Don't discourage the boy when he comes to you with his cares or troubles. Sympathize with him, and thank God he confides in you. The sweetest, purest ornament that a woman can wear, and of which she should feel proudest, is the clinging necklace of her baby's arms. I Warring on the South. , The passage by the House of Representatives on Friday of an amend- [ ment to the publicity bill providing i for a reduction in Congress and in | t'?e Electoral Co logo of the representatives of those States wt.uh abridge the suffrage in violation of the fourteenth amendment to the1 Constitution is a direct blow at the South. The measure will not be-1 come a law at this session, but if the Republicans carry the elections this lall with decisive majorities they will no doubt pass this measure as a punishment to the S >uth for not voting the Republican ticket and helping that party uphold the Trusts and other diabolical schemes for robbing the people. This is the first defiinite step taken to enforce the alternative provision of the fourteenth amendment since the failure of the main provision of that amendment in the killing of the force bill several years ago. The adoption of this amendment s a concession to the sentiment of the South on the race question and agrees with Senator Tillman's contention that the negroes should be disfranchised. Its adoption by the Republicans would be an acknowledgment on their part of their abandonment of the negro, as well as the abandonment by the Federal government of the undertaking to enforce negro suffrage in the Southern States. This solution of the race question has no terrors for the South. As it has been said frequently this section is prepared and is willing to pay the price of maintaining white supremacy in politics, to the extent of conceding a reduction of its representation in the national government. This abandonment of the negro in the South by the Republican party means his ultimate disfranchisement and loss of all political rights by the enactment of new laws on the subject. "If the worst comes to the South in a choice between negro suffrage and reduction of rpnrnspntfltinn there will be no hesitation on its part in choosing to be shorn of a part of its political power in the nation rather than to share that and its home government as well with the black man," says the Charleston Evening Post. Put, we agree with the Post, that no such choice should be offered in this day of civilization anil progress to such a people as those who have redeemed the Southern States and have made them to flourish and grow rich in the face of terrific odds. But the Trusts are badly frightened and it is no telling what they may do to perpetuate their power in the government. If they order the Republican party to make a political raid on the South or have their campaign contributions shut off they will make the raid. So we need not be surprised at any thing the Republican party does to please its lords and masters, the iniquitous and theiving Trusts, llogus Reform. One "of the chief clauses of the railroad rate law passed by the last Congress was "the commodity clause" which went into effect on May 1 of this year. There has evidently been collusion between President Roosevelt, his Attorney-General, and the Interstate Commerce Commission to nnllifv the clause by refusing to prosecute those railroads which are openly disobeying the law. The provision that railroads after May 1 could not, without being law-breakers own or sell commodities which they controlled, was intended especially to cover the mining and selling of coal by the so-called coal roads. That provision was added to the law in defference to the united public opinion that for the railroads to own and also transport coal was a monopoly that was undesirable and added greatly to the cost of coal to the people. When the law was under consideration by Congress, President Roosevelt and a majority of the .Republicans in Congress were insistent that the commodity clause should be added to the law. But the law is a dead letter, and has been nullified by the Executive officers of the government refusing to eniorce it. Yet the Republicans claim to be reformers. There is a good deal of talk about idle money, but it is all nonsense. It is just about as hard to get a dollar now as it was when the panic was in full blast. The negro can now see how much the great Republican party cares for him. Every Congressman of that party has voted to abandon the negro to his political fate in the South. v Scared to Death. Some of the Republican members of Congress fron. cltjpe and doubtful districts are almost scared to death at their political prospects because of the do-nothing r ecord of Congress. Some of the Western memoers i were so frustrated that they pre- $ sen ted an ultimatum to Speaker Cannon, the dictator of the Republican party, that they would j??in the Democrats in voting not to adjourn unless an anti-injunction bill was reported from the Committee on the Judiciaey and an opportunity given to vote upon it. They also demanded that they be allowed to make an effort to save their piditical scalps by being allowed to viuk for the passage of the campaign publicity bill which was before the Housa on a favorable report. The Republican leaders immediately got together and agreed to let the last bill come to a vote but so loaded down with absurd amendments that it would have no chance to pass even if the Senate would stop to consider it at this late stage of the session. So this biil was allowed to come to a vote on Friday with an amendment that the vote of the &outh be cut down because of the disfranchisement of the negro vote in this section. Cannon and the other conspirators knew that the Senate would have the excuse of not having sufficient time to consider such a measure at this time, so the bill will have to go over as Cannon knew it would when he allowed it to come to a vote in the House. Wall Street Supports Taft. There may be some doubt about how great the revolt of labor will be against Secretary Taft, but that Wall Street interests will warmly support him with its money and votes seem certain. That representative Wall Street banker, Jacob H. SchifT, the partner of that "malefactor of great wealth," Mr. Harriman, has accepted the Vice-Presidency of the Taft organization of the State of New York. He declares, "that with a rigid insistance for due and proper regard of the law, all classes of our citizens will, with Mr. Taft as_ President, become readily convinced that every legitimate in- f terest will be safe in the hands of their chief executive." From this we may assume that Mr. Taft will receive the united support of the Wall Street influence, and that bankers and railroad managers will vie with each other in filling the "dough-bags" of the Republican party. The malefactors of great urnnl f ! > Viol,r oo M? ITVUI bll 1IU1V. VTlUVllllJf CIO 1TI I . OL'tlll says: "Become readily convinced that they 'will be safe' in the hands of Taft." The Spurious Congress. t The Sixtieth Congress will pass into history as the Spurious Congress. It has done nothing worthy of a great representative body. In its appropriations, it has been more extravagant than any of its predecessors, and will leave the government $60,000,000 in arrears on the first day of Julv next, and $160,000,000 in arrears on July 1,1909. solthat money will have to be Aorrowed even for running expense! It has refused to modify the tariff^even on wood pulp and print paper. It has enacted currency legislation of the worst possible type, legislation not in favor of the interests of the people at large but of Wall Street. It has upheld the President in his wild and dangerous assertion of the supremacy of the military over the civil power. Its sins of commission and its sins of ommission are equally flagrant, because both are as bad as possible. Its early adjournment should be welcomed by the American people. The only defect in our Constitution is that it requires this Congress to meet again before its dissolution. A Reformer Quizzed. A very pertinent question was asked Medill McCormick, of the "Chicago Tribune by Representative Ryan, a Democratic member of the Committee investigating the Paper TVnaf 1 " a a uo v xx oiiiuitu uuuuiuons snouia be shown to exist in other industries should the tariff affecting them not be revised also?" Mr. McCorrpick declined to express an opinion other than through the editorial columns of the Tribune. As the Tribune has been noted for exploiting | tariff reform in "off years" and then supporting standpatters for election, it really hinders tariff revision more than helping it. There takes place many a slip after the cuq has been to the lip. *