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? HARD TIMES FIFTY YEARS AGO. T1IK 1*1*8 AX1> DOWNS OF COTTON. llow the Ilcveiiuc mill Financial Sjhloins Art'eot the l*plce of theGreat Staple?Fact* oflGcncrnP Interest to Cotton Grower*. \thuita Constitution. 1 'Olsons unacquainted with the hislory of the prices of cotton will }>o excused for guying present prices ure without precedent. Thoso so nunc quuintod might include the expert in the price and quantity of cotton, for il ono does not search for the history he will likely not know it. Therefore, i think it important that this should he known. In this, as in nearly everything. we cannot understand the present and predietthc probabilities ol the future, unless we know the past. The narrative I shall make will no doubt astonish the overwhelming majority of the present generation?even of intelligent men. In March, IS,'17, short staple cotton was worth 17 cents per pound. It suddenly took a decline until in a short while it got down to 0 cents per pound. The lower grades touched 1 cents and there were even transactions as and u fraction. That cotton should ovet have been as high as 17 cents pot pound will surprise many, and it will be more surprising when I say I found among the papors in a law suit where an executor bad cluirtred himself with HO cents a pAund, sold in 1810. Sad t< say from ISJ7 to the summer of 181*. cotton sold at ('? cents. It was only occasionally it would jump up to 7 and perhaps to 8 cents, and just as quickly recede. It will he porcoived that for twelve long years cotton ruled at prices that it cost to make it and even less. In plantation and slavery timer it was the estimate of the cotton planters that it cost t> cents to make cotton, and this where the planter owned hi* labor and his land. Hence unless cotton brought 8 cents there was no profit in growing it. The period 1 speak o! was one of awful financial distress. It was present during the presidentia campaign of 18-10 and defeated Martii Van lluren for his second term, for the people could not help thinking it win the fault of his administration. Tin times would have defeated any party in power. Georgia, although generally a Democratic State, went against Vai Huron by 8,000 majority, hut at tin very next election elected the Demo emtio candidate for Governor, Chavloi 1. McDonald, by more than four thou sand. All thing's considered, the timos now are not near as hard as they were dur . ing the years mentioned. It is now felt almost entirely by the labor inf. classes, or those who have to doponi upon their personal exertions for i living. Then everybody felt it, am none as mueh us theaproporty owner During the " Hush times-" largo in dobtcdnoss was contracted. Judgment! fn?* lnmr<t onwuinio uk\h/i moolouo/ nguinst a very largo per cent, of tin population, the banks failed in oven direction and largo properties, l>oti t real and personal, wore Baorincod uu der tho sheriff's hummer. Novortlio loss, whoat, oorn and baeoncominundet good prices. Now tlio man who got; only low wages can buy nearly every thing ho needs at loivor prices thai over before. Wheat is oven choapoi than corn, and sugar is to bo had a twice us mudh for a dollar than tin price it bore at the time I write of Wearing apparel and the fabrics nee essary to make them are lower thai over. Then property shrank in valin much more than now. A man slav< worth #1,000 would soli at sheriff's sul< at from $200 to $1100, and lands am plantations in proportion. To escape the impending calamity some of our rich planters abundonot their lands and ran away with thoi slaves and live stock to Texas. Texu was then the independent Lone Sta State. Persons, to escape the ponal tios of crime, also ran away to Texas and tlio State was largely populate! by those who had run away from tin States for debt or crime, These won so numerous that that clement was i factor in polities. It did not hurt i man ir lie wont to 'i'oxas to keep fron paying his debts. Ono run-away plant or L eun recall was made Governor o the State, and a run-away lawyer wa made United States Senator, and i grand man bo proved himself to be Before be hold oHlco he remitted bael to the Statos the full amount of his in dehtedness. Now, what was the cause of thii stringency, and as connected with i the low price of cotton V Llverpoo controlled the price of cotton then, a now?that is, if it is true that Liver pool is the only factor in the price o cotton. But then, as now, there wa trouble in the United States growinj out of our tariff and our linaneial sys tern. As to tariff, wo wore living un dor the compromise of 18.T1, which wa a high tariff compared with that o 1840, under which cotton went as big] as 12 cents per pound and hardly eve fell below 10 cents. Wo woro als feeling the effects of our change froi: the United States hank to what wa called the " national hank system " b President Jackson, and the establish ment of what was called the " indc pendent treasury system," in 1837, ur dor Van Buren's administration. I seems from this that tho tariff and th financial systems are important factoi in the price of cotton. It also seem that tho price of cotton is an impoi tant factor in the prosperity of th people. How it is I do not know, only state facts. Tho present low pric of cotton comes when the McKinle tariff had been in forco, and when si vor had been demonetized, and who that demonetization has boon intens tied by the repeal of tho obligation t eoin bo much silver every month umh what is called the Sherman law. Is not possiblo that tho two has run co ton down, although "Liverpool eoi trols tho price?" If cotton was ru down, when tho tariff and curronc were as they wero before, may n< that bo tho important factor in th low price of cotton now, althoug " Liverpool controls tho price ?" But, after all, what 1 have written ( more for tho encouragement of oil people than to discuss tho question Wo have seen that although cottc ruled from 4 to 7 cents?mostly 0?ft twelve years, afterwards it ruled froi 10 to 12 cents. It surely will advanc again unless tho supply should contim ously largely exceed the demand. Th is improbable, because cotton is coi stantly extending itself to other fo oign nations and is being more an more used as a substitnte for wool, si) and flax. It will bo porcoivcd tlx chronologically tho incrcaso in th price of cotton in 1841) was after th tariff of 184G had had timo to have i effect, and after tho independent troa ury system had had timo to show i effects. Since then wo had tho Ion war, and since the war tho tinkerin on both tho tariff and currency b Congress. I will close by relating an interes ing episode of the rise of cotton i J84D within my own knowledge. Who tho nows carno in July or August that Ej cotton had gone up to i? cents, whore It had not l^en In twelve years, 1 was at the Indian spring. Also was there Governor Troup. Ho was a resident of Laurens County and a large cotton planter, having several plantations. There would be quite a company sur- . J 1 round the ex-governor at intervals In what we then called thy piazza, now the veranda, to hear him talk. Ho deli was a very interesting talker, and ven* knew the inside history of many itn- Stal nor tun t events that had taken place at ulto Washington city which ho would re- but late. The glorious news of the rise in lnxi cotton cumu during ono of those con- you volitions. " Well," says the governor, A'ol " It OOmeS in a good time for me. J <'es? have two crops on hand, besides the of 1 one growing.' Gonorul Ilartwoll II. "A Tarver was present, who was a larger {>ub planter than the governor, his planta- ho 1 tions being in Twiggs and Maker, but the gederal was always a readier out ten for more lands and sluves and did not hav hold his cotton. Ilo sprang up from jifo his chair as sudden as could bo and in ' said : " Hy the eternals, 1 always said of li you wore the wisest man in Georgia." the There Is no doubt wo have fallen upon oorl "hard times," and the future looks the dark, hut in this, aH in other things, I now take consolation from the good old thitwife who had a disconsolate husband win who could see nothing but disaster in bull ' the future. Sho would consolo him by rou ' saying: "Never mind, old man; Glv ( somehow wo will get along." I have but 1 confidence that " somehow we will get hop ' along." Kiciiaiu) H. chakk. niai ' Atlanta, Ga., October 20, 1894. ?nc t m J win 1 ' moi TO COTTON GHOWMH8. sop] hit) , A Call I'or a Meeting Next Month to eon , Discuss the Causes for Depressed . l'rlces. of Hector I). Lane, commissioner of ag- to ( : ricultureof Alabama, has issued a call foui < for a mooting of Southern cottou grow- <>f 1 ers, to convene at Montgomery, Ala., mir t, Novomher l.'lth, to discuss the causes tha f leading to the present depressed con- wh< t, dition of the cotton market. Tho call of j 1 begins as follows : not i " To tho Cotton Growers: Itisamat- in 1 5 ter of the utmost importance to tho t.he * [armors of the South that the reports j ploj i now being sent out by eotton manipu- i <?ve t lators should bo refuted. That the ton r present low prices are based upon fioti- but i tious reports no intelligent man doubts: i-oe< ) that the 'private estimate' sent out niei - from New Orleans to the elTeet that the j the present eotton crop would exceed l<Ye - 10,000,000 bales bus bad a depressing ?trj tendency is generally admitted, al- 1J ; though not supported by any previous car - statistics or predicate to go upon, but Dol r an unpreeedeuted delivory up to date, sad r which argument can bo answered with bis I the undeniable fact that wo have the tho v most propitious season evor known for whi I gathering the staple throughout the doe . entire eotton belt. I vouchsafe the gul - prediction that if the sumo weather bee * continues two weeks longer that every 1 1 halo of cotton grown in Alabama can be i ) be gathered. daj j ''My calculations are basod upon per- tho i sonal observations, having traveled ovo * through North Alabama by private nai - conveyance for the last ten days, and wu| I its vaiue is enhanced by the well-known wo? * fact that cotton raised in that section spr - is about the last to mature." wai i lie then urges the farmers to hold as inn r much of fclinir cnUnn hu ...so. ?. wwvww.. ??0 |/W001 Willi" WRfc t, out detriment to tlioir cieditors, ami was 3 holds tiiut it will bo advantageous to moi . all concerned ultimately. Ho concodos the that resolutions without action arc wh i valueless, hut cites the farmors* con- bed 3 gross held at Memphis, January, 181)2, wit j which decreased the acreage that year, 11a! a and consequently gave the farmers ma 1 good prices for their cotton. Ills prin- a c< eipal light will he upon false estimates thr y sent out by the cotton exchanges and jou I cities and the 10,000,000-halo estimate cap r recently sent from New Orleans, mark- it, s ed " private." The cotton interests wei r of the South, ho holds, can only bo the - protected by eoncorted action. and , Tho call closed with the following oloi I pointed remarks: ' end a " Now, in view of the meeting named and a and the imperative demand upon the V % Southern farmer to undertake protec- con it tive measures along these lines, I in- Nol 1 voke tho assistance of tho press of tho mo - South in calling a meeting of tho cot- Hoi f ton raisers at Montgomery, Ala., Tuos- pie s day, November 111, 181)4. By that time was x I will have gathered tho official statis- as j . tics through tho agricultural bureaus bus c that they may bo presented publicly, it, - not privately, for tho honcilt of those chi interested. 1 hope all farmers who aro tho u ablo to do so without doing an injus- it t tico to creditors will hold their cotton bri< J until after the mooting, whero wo can of \ s deliberate over tho situation and do- dat - vise some means to givo ' a light to tho dw< f finish,' inviting the hearty co-opera- on s tion of the press and asking that tho Tw r farmers will givo this important mat- had i- tor a consideration and send intolli- fro: r gent representatives at the time and wai s place named." fro t . m , ? . win '' Kekping Sweet Potato Vines.?A JVtl I writer in tho Toxas Farm anil Kunch " gives the following directions for keep- Por II ing sweet potato vinos through winter, . ] 8 to bo used in early spring for seed : ? y Cut the vines close to the hill ; tako a ?lu knife and clip olT leaves and leaf steaius ,J\, 5~ close to the vine, and if vinos bo longer ,V than four feet, cut thom in two or more pieces, for convenience. Select U8. ,(' a place woll drained. Liaise a little ^ 8 mound the size you wish your hill, , 18 about eight inches high in tho middlo, Mi* sloping to edge. Now put down a l\lu V layer of vines, two inchos deep; cover with lino earth, and so continue a layer "8' " of vinos, atternated with lino earth r? V until you form a cone shaped hill. ,m( Cover this with corn stalks, or anything )0' to keep dry and keep from freezing. I1?8 l" Vines are much easier to koop than .\a potatoes, and in January or February V a. !' you will have nice vinos to plant, much . 1 earlier than sots, and thoy make tho " nicest and smoothest potatoes. As ! vinoless yams are very scarce, very n much more potato seed can bo saved V? y by this method, and at tho samo time , a heretofore useless part of plant uti11 zed. I have gardened several years ef ' and novor failed to save potato vines, j.Vj . while at the same time I have had all , 18 my potatoes to rot. ir 1 _ _ we s. * '**"" ~ po ,n Smith's Vuloan Ointment for Rhouma Lu iam ?r """"" th< in llead tho following testimonial from Bi: ;o Hon. W. L. Mauldin, of Greonville, as He u- to tho great merits of Smith's Vulcan on is Ointment, which is advertised in cul n- another column : wa r- Mr. W. J. Smith : In responso to Bo id your inquiry, I take this occasion to Go k say that I have on several occasions bu it used your Vulcan Ointment, and al- on 10 ways with satisfaction. I am satisfied ox 10 tbut it is a vory valuable romody in th ts acute attacks of rheumatism and if thi s- used freely and persistently will bring is ts groat relief. I trust you may get this fas g Ointment generally introduced to tho no g people, as 1 know it has great merit, do y und uoliko many of tho nostrums lin- " 1 posed upon tho public by extensive ad- eel t- vertisoments only needs to bo usod to 1 att n convince one of its superior oftieacy. Lthi nj Yours truly, w. L. Mauldin. fYr ? // j- ';/ ,.. ....".{ fcRLY DAYS IN WASHINGTON. B CAPITA 1< OF THE YOl'NI llEPUIILilC. lul I.lt'o in i In* HokIiiiiIiik ofOu iiional Existence?How It Iaiokr I-'orelgners. >clal lifo in New York ami Phllii iliiu while those eities wore sm Ivoly tho cupital of tl?o Unite ton doeB not seem to have boo gether pleasing to foreign visitort it must have been bountiful an Lirious coinparod with the Hit rs of Washington. Henry Txx>ml son, in the November Harpor'i jribes some of the honest erudite Lhat early period under the tltl t the Capital of the Young lb lie." The following extraets wi bund interesting : ifo in Philadelphia during thes years?from 1 iSH) to 1800?mut e boon as delightful as provinois can ever be to those who aro bre< eapitals. There was a little glos nish, and there was the beauty i Amorlean women, which led t tain international marriages, hti re was the eternal montony of r and small soeioty. Outside < i temporary capital, in the wood jro the people were beginning t Id an empire, was to lxs found th I life of the new experimonl illzatlon had pitehed its tent then while the future glowed wit 0 for the country and Jfor hi lity, tho present was crude an omfortablo. The few European ) saw the hopefulness of the oxper; it were men of broud and phih hie minds. Most of those who cam ler on business or for plcasur iplained only of the barbarism < back woods. The representative foreign countries who wore force 1 well at the seat of govornmen rul lifo almost unbearable. It wa rurreau, whom Napoleon sent a lister to tho United Stutes in 1801 t Mr. Henry Adams was writin sn ho said: " At best, tho positio i French minister in America wa agreeable. The more dilTereue labits, manners, amusements, an want of a thousand luxuries an isures such as made Paris dear t ry Frenchman, rendered Washing a place of exile. Perhaps nothin fear of the guillotine could huv incited oven republican French :i to staying in a country where, i words of Talleyrand, there was n nchmun who did not foul himself mgor." tut what did JelTorson or Madiso o for Turroau?Turreau of whoi ly Madison wrote, " 1 have hear things of Turreau?that ho whip wife, and abuses her dreadfully ' urif.. i.rlw. J.. 1.:.. m livj n iaw nUI Villi I; ill 111?) Jell i) rubbed out tho rod murk on hi r pluced there as a guide to th Uotinors, and whom lie miirrio UU80 she iuul thus saved his life f I'hiludolphia was sad, what ea said of Washington in those earl a? When the government move re iu JH(K) tho journey was mad r roads that did not deserve th no of highways, that woro mer ^on-trucks blazed through tii ids. The wagons woro rough an ingless makeshifts. The eompun i promiscuous aud democratic. Th s were generally neat, but tho foo i chieliy of suited pork. Thoi i everywhere inadequate accon dation. Europeans complainod tin y were compelled to sleep in roon ich contained from two to a do/.c Is, and sometimes to occupy a be h a stranger. Tho journey froi Itimore to Washington that is no do in an hour required a long da untury ago, whilo the best part < ee days was consumed by th rnoy from I'fiiladolphiu to tho no lital. As Mrs. John Adams recalle tho way was sombre, tho WOOC re thick, the swamps woro noisoim i nf lWo XT" w . wi mvi nuiu 1UW. l^U 1 then iv hut wtiH soon in u sum uring, and there wore inns at tli I of the stages between Philadolphi I Georgetown. Vushington itself was the most ui lfortahle capital in the worh thing was linished. The Prosider veil into an uncompleted Whit nso, and Congress into an uncoil ted Capitol. Pennsylvania Avenu j doser I bed by John Cotton Sin it i 44 deep morass eovered with aldoi lies." The treos had been cut froi sidowalKs had been made wit ps from the stone of the Capito black Tiber Creek which orosse had boon spanned by a timbc Jge. Horo and there were grouj voodon buildings for tlio accommi ion of Congressmen. Six brie ailing-houses that are still standin Pennsylvania Avenue botwoo enty-lirst and Twenty-second streel 1 been built with money derive in the sale of lottery tickets. Thoi i one good tavern about forty roc in the President's house, but thor a enormous difficulty in securin gings. The members of Congres > cabinet oflicers, and all but a fe sons who wore compelled to kec iso lodged in tho tavern and boari -houses. What discomforts the lured is best illustrated by an onti tho diary of a member of Congres ipeakor Sodgwick." ho wrote, 44 wi jwed a room to himself: tho rest) in pairs." Tho Northern mombo: 0 had novor favorod tho romoval < 1 capital to tho banks of tho Potomi jan to talk about their expatriatio: i to grumble at the loss of luxurii sy had enjoyed in New York, an >ecially in Philadelphia. Attouip ronftlr thn ??'l t ... ....wv???kv> imu WV iUV > 3k to Philadelphia wore at oik ?un. Thoso failing, an effort wi ido 1804 to romovo tho eapltal ltimoro. Tho two wings of tl pitol woro not completed unl 1, and so alow had boon tho progre Washington that after tho publ ildinga had burned by tho Britii 18rl thoro was a strong party ngroea opposed to an appropriath their repair. L'ho people who dwolt in the 4,Po \\ City" in 1800 were poor, idle, u ian. Mr. VVolcott said, 44 They lb :o iiahoa, eating each other." Son thorn woro whito, and somo of tho iro hegrooa. Tho most eonaidorab raona in tho aottlomont woro M ,w, an Englishman who had goi ore to spoculato in land, and M irns, upon whose farm tho Whi >uso and other public buildings wo scted. it waa as difficult to pr re laborora or to find tradesmen aa & to securo comfortable lodging ith were to bo had no nearer tin orgotown, now part of Washingto t then a distant port, to bo roach* ly aftor an arduous journey ov ocrablo roads, muddy or dusty, o weather was wet or dry, ai rough a swamp which crossod wh now one of the main avenues in tl ihlonable part of tho city. Gouv ur Morris, writing to the Prince la Tour ot Taxis, in 1800 sai Wo want nothing hero but house liars, kitchens, woll-iufornicd mo liable women, and other trifles is kind to make, our city perfect ujo, tho Spanish Minister, said th CZL N I ? It was impossible " to produce a decent dinnor at the now capital without ,, sending fifty to sixty miles for the J ^ material." Thero was social material, however, within visiting distance of the capital, " uh Sir Augustus Fisher, an attacho of ' 11 the British Legation, discovered. | The country families of Pensylvania, i- Virginia, and Maryland had preserved 1 many of the customs of their Fnglish d ancestry, an J umong them the sport ( n of fox-hunting. The Gloucester Fox?. Hunting Cluh nf PhllftilolnVila o*w1 tt,n d South Tlivcr Club of Anno Arundol , >t County in Maryland wore formed early ' is in tho eighteenth century, that their ( ?, members might onjoy periodically in , 8 groups what was their almost daily , o pastime on their lands. The early - British ministers and their secretaries J 11 and attach ? L found much to amU80 them and to remind them of homo on o tho largo estates in tho immediate j it neighborhood of Washington. Sir il Augustus Fisher wrote admiringly of ' d tho " rich Maryland population," j is especially <>f tho Carrolls, Lloyds, and , >f Taylors. llo was enthusiastic over ( o tho protty p iris of Georgetown, where, it ho said, society was centred. Indeed, ( a society ceni red there for many years. ?f But if tho men took pleasure in chasing . s the fox and in admiring tho Southern . o beauties, tho women must have found 1 o time h&nging very heavy on their . t. hands ; and the men themselves must 1 >, have longed for r. littlo variety in h their occupations, for an occasional 1 i- new face or a fresh subject for cond vorsation. News was making veiy ' a fast in Europe in tho days when , I- Napoleon was toppling over the )- thrones of kings, and much of it was o news in which the government of tho ' o United States was intensely interested, ' ?f but it wasa month old when it reached s America, and it doubtless seemed pure d idleness to discuss issues that must t have been settled before tho 1'resident 1 s anil the members of tho Diplomatic h Corps. had heard pf them. Society at I, the capital was a good ileal like life at a g frontier post in the present day ; and 11 men then, as now, found relief from s ennui in gaming?which is said to o have been 41 rife"- and in drinking, d which is said to have been the national d curse. o ^ m THIS MISSISSIPPI CONSTITUTION. S i e The l^ualiflcal ions lor So 11 ni^c Under i- the Now Plan?Details In Kcgaril to ii Voting. o The new constitution of Mississippi, a adopted November 1st, i-j quite lengthy, containing 2Kf) sections. Tho ' n most interesting article is that rogulatn ing franchise. It provides that all ! d elections by tho people shall bo by balls lot. Tho qualifications of a voter are ' that lie must have been a resident of 1, the State for two years and of tho olcc- ' s tion district or incorporated city or o town in which ho offers to vote for one d year, that be is duly registered, that | V ho lias never been convicted of bribery, n burglary, theft, arson, obtaining money y or goods under false pretenses, perjury, d forgery, embezzlement or bigamy, and e that lie has paid on or lioforo tho first e day of February of tho year in which o lie shall offer to voto all taxes which , e may have been legally required of him, d and which be lias had an opportunity y of paying according to law, for the two e preceding years and shall furnish satis d factory evidence to tho ofllcors holding 'o the election that ho lius paid said taxes. i- Ministers in charge of an organized it church shall be entitled to vote after is six months residence in tho election in district, if otherwise qualified. A until form poll tux of two dollars is imposed in on every male inhabitant of tho Statu w botwoon tfconty-ono and sixty years, ,y to be used in aid of tho common schools. >f Deaf, dumb, blind porsons and those io maimed by loss of hand or foot are exw empt from poll tuxes, id In* addition to tho foregoing qualiIlls cations every elector shall ho able to a, read any section of tho constitution of vv tiiat State: or lie shall bo able to mill dorstund the same when read to him, io or givo a rovtonahle interpretation a thereof. Itegistration is declared to bo an esl scntial and necessary qualification to 1. vote at any and all elections. All elooit tionolllcers are to hold otlieo for terms of four years. Tho Governor is inolil giblo to immediate ro-oloction for a 10 second term. 11 Tho elect On ordinance provides that r- tho ballots . hall contain the names of ti all candidates who have been put in h nomination not less than fifteen days i 1, previous to the day of election. Tho (i1 printer shall ho sworn under penalties sr of law to keep secret said ballots. Tho is si/.o, print and quality of tho official ) ballot is left, to tho sound judgment of k the officers charged with printing said g ballots. n For the elections tho sheriff of each ts county shall procure a sufficient num(1 her of voting compartments, shelves o and tables for tho use of electors, which is shall bo so arranged that it shall he e impossible for one voter at ono table, g shelf or compartment to see anothor s, voter who is preparing his ballot. The w number of such voting shelves, tables p or compartments shall not l)e less than 1- ono for f u y hundred electors at each ?y voting precinct. Eaoh sholf, table and y compartment shall be kept furnished s. with a card of instruction posted in is each compartment, and proper supplies of and couvenioncos for marking the hairs lots. of The deputy commissioners of elecic tlon having tho otllcial ballot in charge n, shall remain at a place convenient to os tho tables, sholves and compartmonts, id and when requested by each of the votts ors shall hand him an otllcial ballot, / o On receiving it tho voter shall go into 30 ono of tho compartmonts and prepare as his ballot by marking with ink in the to appropriate margin or place, across (X) io opposlto tho namo of tho candidate of .11 his choico, for each ottlco to bo tilled, ss Beforo leaving the compartment tho ic votor shall fold his ballot without disih playing tho marks thoreon and then in cast it in tho manner provided by law. >n IIo can take 10 minutes to make his ballot if other votors are not waiting, d- not longor than 5 minutes in case n- others aro waiting. No ballots can bo vo taken from a polling place beforo tho no closo of tho polls. Blind persons are m to be holped by tho person or persons lo having tho ofllcial ballots in ohargo. r. If more names aro marked than thero no aro persons to bo elected tho ballot will [r. not bo counted. As to education it is to made tho duty of tho Legislature to esro tablisli a uniform system of free public o- schools, by taxation or otherwise, for it all nhildrnn hnt.umon r? on.1 91 . wx/M w UUU Mi. JfUUin, 'h. and, as booh jus practicable to establish in schools of highor grades. Tho comn, mon school fund shall consist of tho Bd poll tax and an additional sum from or tho genoral fund in tho Stato Treasury as sufficient to maintain tho' common ad schools for tho torm of four months in at oaoh scholastic year. But any county ho or separate school district may levy an c- additional tax to maintain its schools >?B for a longer time than tho four months d, torm. A public school shull be mainis, tained in each school district in tho n, county at least four months during of oaoh soholastic yoar. Soparato schools i." shall be maintained for children of tho at white and colored raoes. BUR1KD THK WRONG MAN. j 1 Confederate Soldier KhcaikhI by ( CIiaiikIdk I'Ihcpm Willi a DoudCom- i rude. ( W. C. Nixon writes from Dyersburg, ^ Tonn., to tho Confederate Votoran us i 'ollowb : j Tho question is often asked about * why it is that 1 havo a tombstone, and < un stm anve. l wan wounded and cap- J Lured at Murfreosboro on the 2nd of * January, was carried to Nashville * with others and put in tho penitentiary, ! from which pluee I made my escape * tho 22d day of February; but being < Loo weak from my wounds to travel, I ! was re'euptured near Truine, at Mr. * William King's I was regarded as a \ auspicious eharuetcr, and wns sent to j Jamp Royle, at Louisville, tho moancat ' llstr-ict prison in tho United States. .< After being robbed of everything I hud ) 'which you know must have boon a * jreat deal), I was photographed and \ [>laced under strict guard pending ox- t imiuation. I was so seared that i de- ' term inch to escape or die in the at- ~ tempt. I fuddenly got so sick (?) that 1 hud to bo sent to the hospital, hoping ? that some other idea would present it- i, jelf. Tho hospitnl ward was a loug t hall witli a door at caeh end ; tho beds t jr hunks wore placed ou oithor side of v tho walls, perhaps forty on each sido. fc rhoro was jmt on tho headboard the (, name, company and regiment of each \ patient. My bunk was next to Uufus j Hawkins, of Georgia, who was very Vi ji/il/ nn.l OI...I *?w. 1 ?l ....?? UIVU HIU III^IIU (II UJO BOCOIK1 V Jay after L whs sent there. The (loud ti were taken out only in the morning ; jo after the ward master had left, and everything was quiet, by the assistance / >f my old friend. Jaek Glirnp, l moved { Hawkins from his bunk to mine. There were no windows, and only }1 two doors, which were barred and ^ guarded on tho outside. The slop chute was a square hole cut in tho Moor and boxed up from tho ground, making a | passage about 18 inehos by (? feet j through which ail tho slop was empti- ^ ed. When everything was still, and ' tho time had come, I told .luck. I went into tho hole feet foremost. My feet struck tho ground llrst, and I ' slipped so far and so fast that I feared ( I would slide through tho Ij. and N. ' uopot Dcloro i could stoy. 1 was uoton my foot when 1 had finished my greasy v slide. Thoro was no 0110 present to C laugh with mo, but it was vory funny. I went to tho house of Mr. Burns, who \ had clothing ready for me. After I j had washed and dressed, Mr. Burns ] and two young ladies held a council and decided that 1 should, romain'concealed in the house. Mr. Burns was to act spy at headquarters, ono of tho 1 young ladies watch tho servant whoonly ^ carno to prepare meals, and tho other young lady to attend tho burial of Hawkins. My name was used instead of his. So tho next morning both tho guards wore locked up for neglect of duty, and detectives given the descrip- | tion of Hawkins. After tho war the Ladles' Monumental Society erected ut Hawkins grave a slab, and copied tho inscription on tho pine l>oard at his hoad : W. C. NIXON, Co. <?., 4th Tonn. Hog., Strati's Brig. Died Makch, 1804. Hawkins has the grave, but I havo tho headstone. Hashing op the Compass.?Tho compass may disappear from tho sea, says tho Philadelphia Koeord. Tho little needle, by tho aid of which in tropin marines have ror centuries chartered the vast ocean developed a sudden fickleness to the polo as soon as the compass wits placed aboard the iron and steel ships of this age. So orastie have been the necdlo's deviations that, without froquont comparison with some known standard, the helmsman would have been ufraid to trust the instrument as a nautical guide over the trackless waters. For the first time in the history of navigation an appliance has been invented which seems to be absolutely accurato and trustworthy in the determination of the course of ships at sea. Lieutenant \V. II. Roechc'r, of the United rttatea navy, appoare to have achieved this triumph in his dedicate and beautiful i solarometor, tho telescope of which is J so floated upon successive layers of , quicksilver, in a vessel hung upon gim- I bals, that the heaviest sea will ovi- ' dontly bo unable to disturb its dead ; level. The authorized deep sea trial 1 of the steamer Woimor will decide tho 1 fate of tho old style compass. ? ?A man who was dcoply in debt was < sick unto death. " Ah," ho sighed, ^ '4 if I could only live until I had paid , off my debts." " IIumph!" sneered the doctor, bluntly, " you want to live forovor, do you ?" j ???? " Hitch up tho mule, John !" i 44 What air you a-goin' to do now, ! dad ?" "I'm a-goln' to go to town an' swap < two bales o' cotton ler a side o' bacon an' a coffee pot!" , IT'S DANGEROUS GROUND that you stand on ?with a cough or a cold, and your blood impure. Out of just those conMr ditions comos Confia sumption. jfa?g?j ^ You must do ^ something. In tho jBy tS3 earlier stages of km \*\ Consumption, and fesf *n t*lc con(^* ji ,,lgj]^ions 'ea<^ to V yp^it, Doctor Pierce's _ # ,>grGoldon Medical ?** VjCt Discovery is a cer%*' tain remedy. This iT*\ scrofulous affection **** of tho lungs, like I every other form > u? of Scrofula, can bo cured by it. In severe, lingering Coughs, all Bronchial, Throat, and Lung Affections, and evory disease that can bo reached through tho blood, it is tho only medicine so effective that it can be guaranteed. If it doesn't benefit or cure, you havo your money back. Nervous prostration and dobility are conquered by it. Something is lost when you use mDr. Sage's Catarrh Remedy. It's Catarrh. The worst cases yield to its mild, soothing, cleansing, and healing properties. No matter how bad your case, or of how long standing, you can bo cured, i Incurable oases are rare. It's worth $500 to you, if you have one. i 4 rifii youNo^n (Mothers i We Offer You a Remedy Which \ ? Insures Safety to Life of C Mother and Child. S ? 44 Mothers' Friend " > Robs Confinement of Its Pnln, \ | Horror and Risk. < nuci umun UIIU iwmn 01 ""JUOinerS" 1 \ h'riend" 1 suffered but little pain, and did \ f not experience that weakness afterward, J > usual in such eases. -MRS. Annik uauk, C ' Uaxter Springs, Kan. > ITSfiit by Mall or Ft press. on receiptor price, M II.SO per bottle. Ilook to Mothers mailed 4 | Ire# Sobl by nil Druggist*. C f BRAOFIELOREGULATORCOmM ?Wo have known women to watc): ,t tho bedside of the dying, with sued oyal love us to almost to drivo bacl ho grim messenger. Wo have knowi lioin to conquer in tlio battle of lib rhero strong men havo failed. W< iave known tliem to brace tho arraou >f tlm soldier, und, without a tear, sent dm to light for country, with tho in unction to return with his sword o ipon it. Hut wo havo never known i romun who could sit still whenshosav t mouse. - ? ? Wo arc pleased to announce thu Jarpontor Bros., Grconville, S. C., ou nterprising druggists havo socuroi lie agency for the Japaneso PileCure i most wonderful discovery for th ,ure of Piles of every k'ud, which the, vill sell with a written guarantee t efund tho money if it doesnotcure t is Haid to ho a specific for that terrl >lc and dangerous disease. Get a fro ample and try it. All diseases of tho skin cured, an oat complexion restored by Johnson' Idnnf.al S<>bl mviu *jj v;ai |/uiibv Iros., Greenville, S. C. Johnson's Magnetic Oil kills ail puin whether internal or external. Sold a Carpenter llrou., Greenville, S. C. Japaneao Giver Pellets are small nit great in their cllccta ; no griping ?0 doses 2f> ets. Sold at Carpente Bros., Greenville, S. C. ?"A now way has been founder nako an ugly girl beautiful and at ractive." " How is that?" " Why lot lie'* go olT visiting and tho jet tho paper to note her arrival." ?Guinees make more fuss than tin toys, but tbey lay a heap smaller egj. \ 4 ^^HB^flHBnRK^ "/"SIIJIPlWSBPPI^Sv^' A VETERAN'S VERDICT. Th? War Is Over. A Well-known 80 dler, Correspondent and Journ' 1st Makes a Disclosure. Indiana contributed her thousands of brai soldiers to the war, and 110 state bears a be tor rocord In that respect than It doca. 1 literature It la rapidly acquiring a anviable place. In war and lltoratui Solomon Yewell, well kuown as a writer ? "Sol," has won an honorable position. Du lug the lata war ha was a member of Co. I Id. N. Y. Onvalry and of the 18th Indiana Ii fnutry Volunteers. Regarding an importat clrcumstunco ho writes as follows: "Several of us old veterans here are uslr Dr. Mils*' Restorative Norvine. Heart Cui and Nerve and Liver lMlls, all of tham glvlr splendid satisfaction. In fact, wo have nev< used remedies tbut compare with thepi. ( the fills we must say they are the best con blnatlon of the qualities required iu a pre] aratlon of tholr nature wehave over know We have none but words of pralso for thor They are the outgrowth of a new principle : medicine, and tone up the system wonde fully. We say to all, try theso remedies ?Solomon Yewell, Marlon, Ind., Doc. 5, 18G These remedies are sold by all druggists 1 a positive guarantee, or sent direct by tl Dr. Mile* Medical Co., Elkhart, Ind., on r selpt of prico, tl per bottle, six bottles It, trees prepaid. They poeltivoly contain nelMM Dittos nor dangerous drugs. Sold by Carpenter Bros., Druggis Greenville, 8. C. SMITH'S VULCAN OINTMENT SURE CURE FOR Piles, Rheumatism Catarrh, Neuralgic Corns and Bunions, Burns and Old Sores,J Scald Ilead and Ringworm Caked Breast and Sore Nip pies, Weak and Sprained Backs. A apecial ointment ia made and sol for Itch and Itching Piles, whieh guaranteed to give satisfaction. Every box of SMITH'S VULCA OINTMENT ia Bold with the undc standing that the monoy will bo r< funded if not satisfactory. Highest testimonials furnished as 1 its ofncacy in Piles, Rheumatism, Nei ralgia, &c. Sold by dealers in medicino ever; where at 25 and 60 cents per box, c mailed to any address on receipt < price in postago stamps or currency. Sample boxes freo. W. J. Smith, Solo Proprietor, Groenvlllo, $. C. tfiTMcntlon this paper in ordering. k ! WILL. FARMERS COMBINE ? / > The Salvation of Cotton Planter* Dc. pemls 011 Their Independence of ; Northern Speculator* and CombLfla| f lotlM. I To the Thinking Farmers of the ^ South : > 1 For tho pust two years I hrive made * " cotton commissions " my business and I daily have I witnessed the downward tendency of your produot. If you will > think for a nuunent, you will roalizo ( ? the fact that tHouch vou are tho nro ducers of tli^ country and should bo the most indt|pondont, yet you are the i most dopondoUt people of America. ! > Why ? Because there are combinations on nearly ovory article you use. Tho manufacturers of the North combine 1 on everything and say what it shall . bring, while you sell your products for I whatever thoy are willing to pavvoUT *" | Why cannot you protect your cotton I in tho same vyay-V? - ? V I should like, If it moots your upk proval, to organize a trust compttny called tho Southorn Farmers' Trust Company, for the purpoeo of protecting i your products from the depressing ln? lluonces of speculators, spinners and c capitalists, and provide a means by i which you can natno tho prico for your 3 products, instead of having tho prico 3 dictated to you, as is now tho case. I r foci satisfied this can be done by form1 ing a trust which would bo able to - bundle inoqt of tho cotton you grow, r hot tho'^ij pital stock Vie $.">0,000,800 to u- $100.000,subscribed entirely by tho v farmers South and divided into *. as many shares as may bo necessa.-y and small enough for every cotton t planter to subscribe. Let each farmer r take stock to bis utmost cupaoity and \ support tho trust iu ovory possiblo way. >; In case you receive 10 cents for your o cotton, instead of 5 cents which you aro y now receiving, vou save on a cr6p of o 8,000,000 bales about $200,000,000, at !. least twice as much as tho capital I- stock of tho trust company. In ease o speculators should become frightened even at tho mention of tho trust and advanco the prico of cotton, so much the bettor for you, but very likolv thov A would attornpt at first to bluff you. r L think it is now time to act. What benefits the farmer or laborer unqueB- ' tionably benefits all classes. If such a plan should iqeetyour approval, I would be more than glad to meet a representative cotton urower from each Stato ( i or Allianeo, cither in New York or In f 1 some Southern city, to see if somothing ^ !I' cannot ho dono to bring a >out some benefit to tho South. Some hing must J be done or your lands will not bo worth fil cultivating. Very rospectfully, John T. Koddkv, 80 Broadway, Now York. ?Secretary Hoke Smith has request- j / I ed tin; Secretary of War to send troops / I to the Indian Territory to suppress r' lawless bands which have beenoporat- I 1 log there and In tho adjaeent country. | Accompanying the request was a communication Secretary Smith had re- I s I oeived from Indian Territory detailing J ^ the deplorable condition of affairs I thero. ^ a JOHNSON'S MACNETIC OIL! * i Instant Kilter of Pain. m Internal and Exters?ajO A CuroH RHEUMATI8M, NKUKAflfc i, 01 A. I.uino lluck, Hpralns. HwoIUiiks, Hlllt Joint*. COI.IO Miff OKAMl'H lnotnntly. CJiolerii J sMgy BK bus, Croup,Dlpthorla, Sot? TliroaK^ HEADACHE, as It by xnmffto. 1 V I tit HUKSt t ho moot 1'oworful and Penetrntlng I.tnliuont for Mui?ff or lieaitt iu existence. Largo $1 also 75c., 60c. also 40c. j j v johnson's oriental soap. % Medicated and Tollot. The Great Skin Cure and '{& ace Benutlflor. Ladles will find it thomot?t|K m j delicate and highly porfifmed Toilet Hoop onH| . ' tho markoL It Is absolutely pure. Makes tho akin soft aud velvety and roatoroe tho lost oom?B plexlont Is a luxury for the Bath for Infants. ' it alnys Itching, cleonsos tho ecalp and promotes Jy rho urowth of hair. Prloo 26o, Tor solo bj im X H Carprntkr hpob.. Greenville, s 0 t|l i Waccamaw line steamers. b i Tho Steamor will loavo her wharf b i at Co iwnv *T? ry Monday and Wednesday morning for Georgetown at 4 o'clock, touch* { tng all intermediate point#. ami will leave b ^ her wharf at Georgetown every Tuesday and Friday morning for f'stiway at 4 ?!j$ 5? o'clock, touching all Intermediate point*. M '* D.T. M'NElli, Gen't Ag't amlTreM? Con- b^H| way, 8. C. vi ? B._l, MUNNKltLYN, Agent, Gesrgstswe, IV ? 8-1- n 1 v Scheduie of Local Mail Routes, 1 ig ROUTE NO. 20273.--From Galiranta Kerry ro to Conway, mail arrives 1.4ft p m,on Ronl? day, Wednesday and Friday: leaves ah \r, 2 30 p m oh miMo (lava. Mail closes at j! 2.#ft. * * P- ROUTE NO. 20280.?From Conway to Bir?. ' \ \ n* way, N.C., mail arrives Mt 4:ao pmen I \ j f1* Tuesday, Tbursduy and Saturday; Imtm / TJ .. at 5 p in on s?mo davs. Mail closet at i m| 4:60 pm. >, 1 2. ROUTE NO. 20281.?From C'auway via / "i Forney, Jordanville, Gideon, Lal>una aad ! return, mall arrives at 7pm on Tuesday, i t-HRt jr Thursday and Saturday; leaves at C % ro [ * M ? ii Monday, Woduesduy and Friday. Mail at ? )I in. H ROUTE NO. 20282,?From ( ouwuy to Lit* ! H in tlo River, mail aiTivee at 6 p in on Mot- V H day, Wednesday and Friday: leaves at7 ii in Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday. Mail closes at 0 p m. ?&B ROUTE NO. 202S3-?Fr?m Conway to Port { 11arreison, mail arrives daily at 12 a; t m leaves daily at 1:46 p m. Mail closes at t 1:40 pra. * TLANTIC COAST LINE. Will I mington, Columbia Jk Augusta 11) H R. Condonsod schedulo, in effect De", H wM TRAINS GOING SOUTH.?NO. 56. \ 1 Lv Wilmington 20p ii Lv Chadbourn 6 Mi; \ I.v Marion 6 ftOj Ar Florence 6 DOj jfl MO. W. Lv Florence T 10| V Ar Sumter 8 28f i Lv 8/ niter 128j ' Ar / 'bimbia ... 10 00( HE V NO- Mm l? Lv Fifcreacs T 4ft? Ar lumter 6 20i WHH mo. 62. \1 Lv 8umter 4 88 * |H > r Columbia 11 W I > I TRAINS GOING NORTH.?NO. 61. . Lv Coluuihla 4 80 | ^H l? Ar in inter 6 Bit Lv Burnt*r 6 67 1 A >- Ar Florsnee ...TV 1 ^H MO. M. 1 ? V ? />-? * ijt * oiumoia 4 20 Ar Burotar . 8 ? A WO 69. 1 Lv Bumter I 46 Ar Florence.... 6 6>r' ? mo. 66. j i l.y Florence 7 4*' g Ly Marion .... 6 93 d L^oVlindbsum . t 26 1 l? ArV^'llintngton 10 1# No."62 ru it through from Charleston * v cntral Kailroad, leaving Lanes 6.44 A 1 ... Meaning 9 24 a m. 1 No. 63 runs through te Charleston, B. 8 3" via Central *. It., arriving Manning 8 p Lanes 8.40 p m, Charleston 10.46 p m. \ *> Train on Manchester A Augusta M. # x- leaves Sumter, daily axespt Bund ay lO* m, arrives Rimini 11.69 a as. Returat, V leave Kimini 13.30 p as, arrive Sumter li mk P Hi* i vRr 'rf Trains on llartsville II. K. leave Hart vllle, daily except busster, at Sam, are * j Ing Vieyds 6.24 a as. Returning, lef * Floys 9.46 p in, arriving at Uertsvilie If J p ns. . f 1 J. p. Divine, Gen'l Supt. \ i J.' ' y, Supt. Trans. I 1