The Horry herald. (Conway, S.C.) 1886-1923, November 01, 1894, Image 4
? HARD TIMES FIFTY YEARS AGO.
T1IK 1*1*8 AX1> DOWNS OF COTTON.
llow the Ilcveiiuc mill Financial Sjhloins
Art'eot the l*plce of theGreat
Staple?Fact* oflGcncrnP Interest to
Cotton Grower*.
\thuita Constitution.
1 'Olsons unacquainted with the hislory
of the prices of cotton will }>o excused
for guying present prices ure
without precedent. Thoso so nunc
quuintod might include the expert in
the price and quantity of cotton, for il
ono does not search for the history he
will likely not know it. Therefore, i
think it important that this should he
known. In this, as in nearly everything.
we cannot understand the present
and predietthc probabilities ol the
future, unless we know the past. The
narrative I shall make will no doubt
astonish the overwhelming majority
of the present generation?even of intelligent
men.
In March, IS,'17, short staple cotton
was worth 17 cents per pound. It suddenly
took a decline until in a short
while it got down to 0 cents per pound.
The lower grades touched 1 cents and
there were even transactions as and u
fraction. That cotton should ovet
have been as high as 17 cents pot
pound will surprise many, and it will
be more surprising when I say I found
among the papors in a law suit where
an executor bad cluirtred himself with
HO cents a pAund, sold in 1810. Sad t<
say from ISJ7 to the summer of 181*.
cotton sold at ('? cents. It was only occasionally
it would jump up to 7 and
perhaps to 8 cents, and just as quickly
recede. It will he porcoived that for
twelve long years cotton ruled at
prices that it cost to make it and even
less. In plantation and slavery timer
it was the estimate of the cotton planters
that it cost t> cents to make cotton,
and this where the planter owned hi*
labor and his land. Hence unless cotton
brought 8 cents there was no profit
in growing it. The period 1 speak o!
was one of awful financial distress. It
was present during the presidentia
campaign of 18-10 and defeated Martii
Van lluren for his second term, for the
people could not help thinking it win
the fault of his administration. Tin
times would have defeated any party
in power. Georgia, although generally
a Democratic State, went against Vai
Huron by 8,000 majority, hut at tin
very next election elected the Demo
emtio candidate for Governor, Chavloi
1. McDonald, by more than four thou
sand.
All thing's considered, the timos now
are not near as hard as they were dur
. ing the years mentioned. It is now
felt almost entirely by the labor inf.
classes, or those who have to doponi
upon their personal exertions for i
living. Then everybody felt it, am
none as mueh us theaproporty owner
During the " Hush times-" largo in
dobtcdnoss was contracted. Judgment!
fn?* lnmr<t onwuinio uk\h/i moolouo/
nguinst a very largo per cent, of tin
population, the banks failed in oven
direction and largo properties, l>oti
t real and personal, wore Baorincod uu
der tho sheriff's hummer. Novortlio
loss, whoat, oorn and baeoncominundet
good prices. Now tlio man who got;
only low wages can buy nearly every
thing ho needs at loivor prices thai
over before. Wheat is oven choapoi
than corn, and sugar is to bo had a
twice us mudh for a dollar than tin
price it bore at the time I write of
Wearing apparel and the fabrics nee
essary to make them are lower thai
over. Then property shrank in valin
much more than now. A man slav<
worth #1,000 would soli at sheriff's sul<
at from $200 to $1100, and lands am
plantations in proportion.
To escape the impending calamity
some of our rich planters abundonot
their lands and ran away with thoi
slaves and live stock to Texas. Texu
was then the independent Lone Sta
State. Persons, to escape the ponal
tios of crime, also ran away to Texas
and tlio State was largely populate!
by those who had run away from tin
States for debt or crime, These won
so numerous that that clement was i
factor in polities. It did not hurt i
man ir lie wont to 'i'oxas to keep fron
paying his debts. Ono run-away plant
or L eun recall was made Governor o
the State, and a run-away lawyer wa
made United States Senator, and i
grand man bo proved himself to be
Before be hold oHlco he remitted bael
to the Statos the full amount of his in
dehtedness.
Now, what was the cause of thii
stringency, and as connected with i
the low price of cotton V Llverpoo
controlled the price of cotton then, a
now?that is, if it is true that Liver
pool is the only factor in the price o
cotton. But then, as now, there wa
trouble in the United States growinj
out of our tariff and our linaneial sys
tern. As to tariff, wo wore living un
dor the compromise of 18.T1, which wa
a high tariff compared with that o
1840, under which cotton went as big]
as 12 cents per pound and hardly eve
fell below 10 cents. Wo woro als
feeling the effects of our change froi:
the United States hank to what wa
called the " national hank system " b
President Jackson, and the establish
ment of what was called the " indc
pendent treasury system," in 1837, ur
dor Van Buren's administration. I
seems from this that tho tariff and th
financial systems are important factoi
in the price of cotton. It also seem
that tho price of cotton is an impoi
tant factor in the prosperity of th
people. How it is I do not know,
only state facts. Tho present low pric
of cotton comes when the McKinle
tariff had been in forco, and when si
vor had been demonetized, and who
that demonetization has boon intens
tied by the repeal of tho obligation t
eoin bo much silver every month umh
what is called the Sherman law. Is
not possiblo that tho two has run co
ton down, although "Liverpool eoi
trols tho price?" If cotton was ru
down, when tho tariff and curronc
were as they wero before, may n<
that bo tho important factor in th
low price of cotton now, althoug
" Liverpool controls tho price ?"
But, after all, what 1 have written
( more for tho encouragement of oil
people than to discuss tho question
Wo have seen that although cottc
ruled from 4 to 7 cents?mostly 0?ft
twelve years, afterwards it ruled froi
10 to 12 cents. It surely will advanc
again unless tho supply should contim
ously largely exceed the demand. Th
is improbable, because cotton is coi
stantly extending itself to other fo
oign nations and is being more an
more used as a substitnte for wool, si)
and flax. It will bo porcoivcd tlx
chronologically tho incrcaso in th
price of cotton in 1841) was after th
tariff of 184G had had timo to have i
effect, and after tho independent troa
ury system had had timo to show i
effects. Since then wo had tho Ion
war, and since the war tho tinkerin
on both tho tariff and currency b
Congress.
I will close by relating an interes
ing episode of the rise of cotton i
J84D within my own knowledge. Who
tho nows carno in July or August that Ej
cotton had gone up to i? cents, whore It
had not l^en In twelve years, 1 was at
the Indian spring. Also was there
Governor Troup. Ho was a resident
of Laurens County and a large cotton
planter, having several plantations.
There would be quite a company sur- . J
1 round the ex-governor at intervals In
what we then called thy piazza, now
the veranda, to hear him talk. Ho deli
was a very interesting talker, and ven*
knew the inside history of many itn- Stal
nor tun t events that had taken place at ulto
Washington city which ho would re- but
late. The glorious news of the rise in lnxi
cotton cumu during ono of those con- you
volitions. " Well," says the governor, A'ol
" It OOmeS in a good time for me. J <'es?
have two crops on hand, besides the of 1
one growing.' Gonorul Ilartwoll II. "A
Tarver was present, who was a larger {>ub
planter than the governor, his planta- ho 1
tions being in Twiggs and Maker, but
the gederal was always a readier out ten
for more lands and sluves and did not hav
hold his cotton. Ilo sprang up from jifo
his chair as sudden as could bo and in '
said : " Hy the eternals, 1 always said of li
you wore the wisest man in Georgia." the
There Is no doubt wo have fallen upon oorl
"hard times," and the future looks the
dark, hut in this, aH in other things, I now
take consolation from the good old thitwife
who had a disconsolate husband win
who could see nothing but disaster in bull
' the future. Sho would consolo him by rou
' saying: "Never mind, old man; Glv
( somehow wo will get along." I have but
1 confidence that " somehow we will get hop
' along." Kiciiaiu) H. chakk. niai
' Atlanta, Ga., October 20, 1894. ?nc
t m J win
1 ' moi
TO COTTON GHOWMH8. sop]
hit)
, A Call I'or a Meeting Next Month to eon
, Discuss the Causes for Depressed
. l'rlces. of
Hector I). Lane, commissioner of ag- to (
: ricultureof Alabama, has issued a call foui
< for a mooting of Southern cottou grow- <>f 1
ers, to convene at Montgomery, Ala., mir
t, Novomher l.'lth, to discuss the causes tha
f leading to the present depressed con- wh<
t, dition of the cotton market. Tho call of j
1 begins as follows : not
i " To tho Cotton Growers: Itisamat- in 1
5 ter of the utmost importance to tho t.he
* [armors of the South that the reports j ploj
i now being sent out by eotton manipu- i <?ve
t lators should bo refuted. That the ton
r present low prices are based upon fioti- but
i tious reports no intelligent man doubts: i-oe<
) that the 'private estimate' sent out niei
- from New Orleans to the elTeet that the
j the present eotton crop would exceed l<Ye
- 10,000,000 bales bus bad a depressing ?trj
tendency is generally admitted, al- 1J
; though not supported by any previous car
- statistics or predicate to go upon, but Dol
r an unpreeedeuted delivory up to date, sad
r which argument can bo answered with bis
I the undeniable fact that wo have the tho
v most propitious season evor known for whi
I gathering the staple throughout the doe
. entire eotton belt. I vouchsafe the gul
- prediction that if the sumo weather bee
* continues two weeks longer that every 1
1 halo of cotton grown in Alabama can be i
) be gathered. daj
j ''My calculations are basod upon per- tho
i sonal observations, having traveled ovo
* through North Alabama by private nai
- conveyance for the last ten days, and wu|
I its vaiue is enhanced by the well-known wo?
* fact that cotton raised in that section spr
- is about the last to mature." wai
i lie then urges the farmers to hold as inn
r much of fclinir cnUnn hu ...so.
?. wwvww.. ??0 |/W001 Willi" WRfc
t, out detriment to tlioir cieditors, ami was
3 holds tiiut it will bo advantageous to moi
. all concerned ultimately. Ho concodos the
that resolutions without action arc wh
i valueless, hut cites the farmors* con- bed
3 gross held at Memphis, January, 181)2, wit
j which decreased the acreage that year, 11a!
a and consequently gave the farmers ma
1 good prices for their cotton. Ills prin- a c<
eipal light will he upon false estimates thr
y sent out by the cotton exchanges and jou
I cities and the 10,000,000-halo estimate cap
r recently sent from New Orleans, mark- it,
s ed " private." The cotton interests wei
r of the South, ho holds, can only bo the
- protected by eoncorted action. and
, Tho call closed with the following oloi
I pointed remarks: ' end
a " Now, in view of the meeting named and
a and the imperative demand upon the V
% Southern farmer to undertake protec- con
it tive measures along these lines, I in- Nol
1 voke tho assistance of tho press of tho mo
- South in calling a meeting of tho cot- Hoi
f ton raisers at Montgomery, Ala., Tuos- pie
s day, November 111, 181)4. By that time was
x I will have gathered tho official statis- as j
. tics through tho agricultural bureaus bus
c that they may bo presented publicly, it,
- not privately, for tho honcilt of those chi
interested. 1 hope all farmers who aro tho
u ablo to do so without doing an injus- it
t tico to creditors will hold their cotton bri<
J until after the mooting, whero wo can of \
s deliberate over tho situation and do- dat
- vise some means to givo ' a light to tho dw<
f finish,' inviting the hearty co-opera- on
s tion of the press and asking that tho Tw
r farmers will givo this important mat- had
i- tor a consideration and send intolli- fro:
r gent representatives at the time and wai
s place named." fro
t
. m , ? . win
'' Kekping Sweet Potato Vines.?A JVtl
I writer in tho Toxas Farm anil Kunch
" gives the following directions for keep- Por
II ing sweet potato vinos through winter, . ]
8 to bo used in early spring for seed : ?
y Cut the vines close to the hill ; tako a ?lu
knife and clip olT leaves and leaf steaius ,J\,
5~ close to the vine, and if vinos bo longer ,V
than four feet, cut thom in two or
more pieces, for convenience. Select U8.
,(' a place woll drained. Liaise a little ^
8 mound the size you wish your hill, ,
18 about eight inches high in tho middlo, Mi*
sloping to edge. Now put down a l\lu
V layer of vines, two inchos deep; cover
with lino earth, and so continue a layer "8'
" of vinos, atternated with lino earth r?
V until you form a cone shaped hill. ,m(
Cover this with corn stalks, or anything )0'
to keep dry and keep from freezing. I1?8
l" Vines are much easier to koop than .\a
potatoes, and in January or February V a.
!' you will have nice vinos to plant, much .
1 earlier than sots, and thoy make tho "
nicest and smoothest potatoes. As !
vinoless yams are very scarce, very
n much more potato seed can bo saved V?
y by this method, and at tho samo time ,
a heretofore useless part of plant uti11
zed. I have gardened several years ef '
and novor failed to save potato vines, j.Vj
. while at the same time I have had all ,
18 my potatoes to rot.
ir 1 _ _ we
s. * '**"" ~ po
,n Smith's Vuloan Ointment for Rhouma Lu
iam
?r """"" th<
in llead tho following testimonial from Bi:
;o Hon. W. L. Mauldin, of Greonville, as He
u- to tho great merits of Smith's Vulcan on
is Ointment, which is advertised in cul
n- another column : wa
r- Mr. W. J. Smith : In responso to Bo
id your inquiry, I take this occasion to Go
k say that I have on several occasions bu
it used your Vulcan Ointment, and al- on
10 ways with satisfaction. I am satisfied ox
10 tbut it is a vory valuable romody in th
ts acute attacks of rheumatism and if thi
s- used freely and persistently will bring is
ts groat relief. I trust you may get this fas
g Ointment generally introduced to tho no
g people, as 1 know it has great merit, do
y und uoliko many of tho nostrums lin- " 1
posed upon tho public by extensive ad- eel
t- vertisoments only needs to bo usod to 1 att
n convince one of its superior oftieacy. Lthi
nj Yours truly, w. L. Mauldin. fYr
? // j- ';/ ,.. ....".{
fcRLY DAYS IN WASHINGTON.
B CAPITA 1< OF THE YOl'NI
llEPUIILilC.
lul I.lt'o in i In* HokIiiiiIiik ofOu
iiional Existence?How It Iaiokr
I-'orelgners.
>clal lifo in New York ami Phllii
iliiu while those eities wore sm
Ivoly tho cupital of tl?o Unite
ton doeB not seem to have boo
gether pleasing to foreign visitort
it must have been bountiful an
Lirious coinparod with the Hit
rs of Washington. Henry Txx>ml
son, in the November Harpor'i
jribes some of the honest erudite
Lhat early period under the tltl
t the Capital of the Young lb
lie." The following extraets wi
bund interesting :
ifo in Philadelphia during thes
years?from 1 iSH) to 1800?mut
e boon as delightful as provinois
can ever be to those who aro bre<
eapitals. There was a little glos
nish, and there was the beauty i
Amorlean women, which led t
tain international marriages, hti
re was the eternal montony of
r and small soeioty. Outside <
i temporary capital, in the wood
jro the people were beginning t
Id an empire, was to lxs found th
I life of the new experimonl
illzatlon had pitehed its tent then
while the future glowed wit
0 for the country and Jfor hi
lity, tho present was crude an
omfortablo. The few European
) saw the hopefulness of the oxper;
it were men of broud and phih
hie minds. Most of those who cam
ler on business or for plcasur
iplained only of the barbarism <
back woods. The representative
foreign countries who wore force
1 well at the seat of govornmen
rul lifo almost unbearable. It wa
rurreau, whom Napoleon sent a
lister to tho United Stutes in 1801
t Mr. Henry Adams was writin
sn ho said: " At best, tho positio
i French minister in America wa
agreeable. The more dilTereue
labits, manners, amusements, an
want of a thousand luxuries an
isures such as made Paris dear t
ry Frenchman, rendered Washing
a place of exile. Perhaps nothin
fear of the guillotine could huv
incited oven republican French
:i to staying in a country where, i
words of Talleyrand, there was n
nchmun who did not foul himself
mgor."
tut what did JelTorson or Madiso
o for Turroau?Turreau of whoi
ly Madison wrote, " 1 have hear
things of Turreau?that ho whip
wife, and abuses her dreadfully '
urif.. i.rlw. J.. 1.:..
m livj n iaw nUI Villi I; ill 111?) Jell
i) rubbed out tho rod murk on hi
r pluced there as a guide to th
Uotinors, and whom lie miirrio
UU80 she iuul thus saved his life
f I'hiludolphia was sad, what ea
said of Washington in those earl
a? When the government move
re iu JH(K) tho journey was mad
r roads that did not deserve th
no of highways, that woro mer
^on-trucks blazed through tii
ids. The wagons woro rough an
ingless makeshifts. The eompun
i promiscuous aud democratic. Th
s were generally neat, but tho foo
i chieliy of suited pork. Thoi
i everywhere inadequate accon
dation. Europeans complainod tin
y were compelled to sleep in roon
ich contained from two to a do/.c
Is, and sometimes to occupy a be
h a stranger. Tho journey froi
Itimore to Washington that is no
do in an hour required a long da
untury ago, whilo the best part <
ee days was consumed by th
rnoy from I'fiiladolphiu to tho no
lital. As Mrs. John Adams recalle
tho way was sombre, tho WOOC
re thick, the swamps woro noisoim
i nf lWo XT"
w . wi mvi nuiu 1UW. l^U
1 then iv hut wtiH soon in u sum
uring, and there wore inns at tli
I of the stages between Philadolphi
I Georgetown.
Vushington itself was the most ui
lfortahle capital in the worh
thing was linished. The Prosider
veil into an uncompleted Whit
nso, and Congress into an uncoil
ted Capitol. Pennsylvania Avenu
j doser I bed by John Cotton Sin it
i 44 deep morass eovered with aldoi
lies." The treos had been cut froi
sidowalKs had been made wit
ps from the stone of the Capito
black Tiber Creek which orosse
had boon spanned by a timbc
Jge. Horo and there were grouj
voodon buildings for tlio accommi
ion of Congressmen. Six brie
ailing-houses that are still standin
Pennsylvania Avenue botwoo
enty-lirst and Twenty-second streel
1 been built with money derive
in the sale of lottery tickets. Thoi
i one good tavern about forty roc
in the President's house, but thor
a enormous difficulty in securin
gings. The members of Congres
> cabinet oflicers, and all but a fe
sons who wore compelled to kec
iso lodged in tho tavern and boari
-houses. What discomforts the
lured is best illustrated by an onti
tho diary of a member of Congres
ipeakor Sodgwick." ho wrote, 44 wi
jwed a room to himself: tho rest)
in pairs." Tho Northern mombo:
0 had novor favorod tho romoval <
1 capital to tho banks of tho Potomi
jan to talk about their expatriatio:
i to grumble at the loss of luxurii
sy had enjoyed in New York, an
>ecially in Philadelphia. Attouip
ronftlr thn ??'l
t ... ....wv???kv> imu WV iUV >
3k to Philadelphia wore at oik
?un. Thoso failing, an effort wi
ido 1804 to romovo tho eapltal
ltimoro. Tho two wings of tl
pitol woro not completed unl
1, and so alow had boon tho progre
Washington that after tho publ
ildinga had burned by tho Britii
18rl thoro was a strong party
ngroea opposed to an appropriath
their repair.
L'ho people who dwolt in the 4,Po
\\ City" in 1800 were poor, idle, u
ian. Mr. VVolcott said, 44 They lb
:o iiahoa, eating each other." Son
thorn woro whito, and somo of tho
iro hegrooa. Tho most eonaidorab
raona in tho aottlomont woro M
,w, an Englishman who had goi
ore to spoculato in land, and M
irns, upon whose farm tho Whi
>uso and other public buildings wo
scted. it waa as difficult to pr
re laborora or to find tradesmen aa
& to securo comfortable lodging
ith were to bo had no nearer tin
orgotown, now part of Washingto
t then a distant port, to bo roach*
ly aftor an arduous journey ov
ocrablo roads, muddy or dusty,
o weather was wet or dry, ai
rough a swamp which crossod wh
now one of the main avenues in tl
ihlonable part of tho city. Gouv
ur Morris, writing to the Prince
la Tour ot Taxis, in 1800 sai
Wo want nothing hero but house
liars, kitchens, woll-iufornicd mo
liable women, and other trifles
is kind to make, our city perfect
ujo, tho Spanish Minister, said th
CZL N
I
?
It was impossible " to produce a decent
dinnor at the now capital without
,, sending fifty to sixty miles for the J
^ material."
Thero was social material, however,
within visiting distance of the capital,
" uh Sir Augustus Fisher, an attacho of '
11 the British Legation, discovered. |
The country families of Pensylvania,
i- Virginia, and Maryland had preserved 1
many of the customs of their Fnglish
d ancestry, an J umong them the sport (
n of fox-hunting. The Gloucester Fox?.
Hunting Cluh nf PhllftilolnVila o*w1 tt,n
d South Tlivcr Club of Anno Arundol ,
>t County in Maryland wore formed early '
is in tho eighteenth century, that their (
?, members might onjoy periodically in ,
8 groups what was their almost daily ,
o pastime on their lands. The early
- British ministers and their secretaries J
11 and attach ? L found much to amU80
them and to remind them of homo on
o tho largo estates in tho immediate j
it neighborhood of Washington. Sir
il Augustus Fisher wrote admiringly of '
d tho " rich Maryland population," j
is especially <>f tho Carrolls, Lloyds, and ,
>f Taylors. llo was enthusiastic over (
o tho protty p iris of Georgetown, where,
it ho said, society was centred. Indeed, (
a society ceni red there for many years.
?f But if tho men took pleasure in chasing .
s the fox and in admiring tho Southern .
o beauties, tho women must have found 1
o time h&nging very heavy on their .
t. hands ; and the men themselves must 1
>, have longed for r. littlo variety in
h their occupations, for an occasional 1
i- new face or a fresh subject for cond
vorsation. News was making veiy '
a fast in Europe in tho days when ,
I- Napoleon was toppling over the
)- thrones of kings, and much of it was
o news in which the government of tho '
o United States was intensely interested, '
?f but it wasa month old when it reached
s America, and it doubtless seemed pure
d idleness to discuss issues that must
t have been settled before tho 1'resident 1
s anil the members of tho Diplomatic
h Corps. had heard pf them. Society at
I, the capital was a good ileal like life at a
g frontier post in the present day ; and
11 men then, as now, found relief from
s ennui in gaming?which is said to
o have been 41 rife"- and in drinking,
d which is said to have been the national
d curse.
o ^ m
THIS MISSISSIPPI CONSTITUTION.
S i
e The l^ualiflcal ions lor So 11 ni^c Under
i- the Now Plan?Details In Kcgaril to
ii Voting.
o The new constitution of Mississippi,
a adopted November 1st, i-j quite
lengthy, containing 2Kf) sections. Tho '
n most interesting article is that rogulatn
ing franchise. It provides that all !
d elections by tho people shall bo by balls
lot. Tho qualifications of a voter are '
that lie must have been a resident of
1, the State for two years and of tho olcc- '
s tion district or incorporated city or
o town in which ho offers to vote for one
d year, that be is duly registered, that |
V ho lias never been convicted of bribery,
n burglary, theft, arson, obtaining money
y or goods under false pretenses, perjury,
d forgery, embezzlement or bigamy, and
e that lie has paid on or lioforo tho first
e day of February of tho year in which
o lie shall offer to voto all taxes which ,
e may have been legally required of him,
d and which be lias had an opportunity
y of paying according to law, for the two
e preceding years and shall furnish satis
d factory evidence to tho ofllcors holding
'o the election that ho lius paid said taxes.
i- Ministers in charge of an organized
it church shall be entitled to vote after
is six months residence in tho election
in district, if otherwise qualified. A until
form poll tux of two dollars is imposed
in on every male inhabitant of tho Statu
w botwoon tfconty-ono and sixty years,
,y to be used in aid of tho common schools.
>f Deaf, dumb, blind porsons and those
io maimed by loss of hand or foot are exw
empt from poll tuxes,
id In* addition to tho foregoing qualiIlls
cations every elector shall ho able to
a, read any section of tho constitution of
vv tiiat State: or lie shall bo able to mill
dorstund the same when read to him,
io or givo a rovtonahle interpretation
a thereof.
Itegistration is declared to bo an esl
scntial and necessary qualification to
1. vote at any and all elections. All elooit
tionolllcers are to hold otlieo for terms
of four years. Tho Governor is inolil
giblo to immediate ro-oloction for a
10 second term.
11 Tho elect On ordinance provides that
r- tho ballots . hall contain the names of
ti all candidates who have been put in
h nomination not less than fifteen days i
1, previous to the day of election. Tho
(i1 printer shall ho sworn under penalties
sr of law to keep secret said ballots. Tho
is si/.o, print and quality of tho official
) ballot is left, to tho sound judgment of
k the officers charged with printing said
g ballots.
n For the elections tho sheriff of each
ts county shall procure a sufficient num(1
her of voting compartments, shelves
o and tables for tho use of electors, which
is shall bo so arranged that it shall he
e impossible for one voter at ono table,
g shelf or compartment to see anothor
s, voter who is preparing his ballot. The
w number of such voting shelves, tables
p or compartments shall not l)e less than
1- ono for f u y hundred electors at each
?y voting precinct. Eaoh sholf, table and
y compartment shall be kept furnished
s. with a card of instruction posted in
is each compartment, and proper supplies
of and couvenioncos for marking the hairs
lots.
of The deputy commissioners of elecic
tlon having tho otllcial ballot in charge
n, shall remain at a place convenient to
os tho tables, sholves and compartmonts,
id and when requested by each of the votts
ors shall hand him an otllcial ballot,
/ o On receiving it tho voter shall go into
30 ono of tho compartmonts and prepare
as his ballot by marking with ink in the
to appropriate margin or place, across (X)
io opposlto tho namo of tho candidate of
.11 his choico, for each ottlco to bo tilled,
ss Beforo leaving the compartment tho
ic votor shall fold his ballot without disih
playing tho marks thoreon and then
in cast it in tho manner provided by law.
>n IIo can take 10 minutes to make his
ballot if other votors are not waiting,
d- not longor than 5 minutes in case
n- others aro waiting. No ballots can bo
vo taken from a polling place beforo tho
no closo of tho polls. Blind persons are
m to be holped by tho person or persons
lo having tho ofllcial ballots in ohargo.
r. If more names aro marked than thero
no aro persons to bo elected tho ballot will
[r. not bo counted. As to education it is
to made tho duty of tho Legislature to esro
tablisli a uniform system of free public
o- schools, by taxation or otherwise, for
it all nhildrnn hnt.umon r? on.1 91 .
wx/M w UUU Mi. JfUUin,
'h. and, as booh jus practicable to establish
in schools of highor grades. Tho comn,
mon school fund shall consist of tho
Bd poll tax and an additional sum from
or tho genoral fund in tho Stato Treasury
as sufficient to maintain tho' common
ad schools for tho torm of four months in
at oaoh scholastic year. But any county
ho or separate school district may levy an
c- additional tax to maintain its schools
>?B for a longer time than tho four months
d, torm. A public school shull be mainis,
tained in each school district in tho
n, county at least four months during
of oaoh soholastic yoar. Soparato schools
i." shall be maintained for children of tho
at white and colored raoes.
BUR1KD THK WRONG MAN. j
1 Confederate Soldier KhcaikhI by (
CIiaiikIdk I'Ihcpm Willi a DoudCom- i
rude. (
W. C. Nixon writes from Dyersburg, ^
Tonn., to tho Confederate Votoran us i
'ollowb : j
Tho question is often asked about *
why it is that 1 havo a tombstone, and <
un stm anve. l wan wounded and cap- J
Lured at Murfreosboro on the 2nd of *
January, was carried to Nashville *
with others and put in tho penitentiary, !
from which pluee I made my escape *
tho 22d day of February; but being <
Loo weak from my wounds to travel, I !
was re'euptured near Truine, at Mr. *
William King's I was regarded as a \
auspicious eharuetcr, and wns sent to j
Jamp Royle, at Louisville, tho moancat '
llstr-ict prison in tho United States. .<
After being robbed of everything I hud )
'which you know must have boon a *
jreat deal), I was photographed and \
[>laced under strict guard pending ox- t
imiuation. I was so seared that i de- '
term inch to escape or die in the at- ~
tempt. I fuddenly got so sick (?) that
1 hud to bo sent to the hospital, hoping ?
that some other idea would present it- i,
jelf. Tho hospitnl ward was a loug t
hall witli a door at caeh end ; tho beds t
jr hunks wore placed ou oithor side of v
tho walls, perhaps forty on each sido. fc
rhoro was jmt on tho headboard the (,
name, company and regiment of each \
patient. My bunk was next to Uufus j
Hawkins, of Georgia, who was very Vi
ji/il/ nn.l OI...I *?w. 1 ?l
....?? UIVU HIU III^IIU (II UJO BOCOIK1 V
Jay after L whs sent there. The (loud ti
were taken out only in the morning ;
jo after the ward master had left, and
everything was quiet, by the assistance /
>f my old friend. Jaek Glirnp, l moved {
Hawkins from his bunk to mine.
There were no windows, and only }1
two doors, which were barred and ^
guarded on tho outside. The slop chute
was a square hole cut in tho Moor and
boxed up from tho ground, making a |
passage about 18 inehos by (? feet j
through which ail tho slop was empti- ^
ed. When everything was still, and '
tho time had come, I told .luck. I
went into tho hole feet foremost. My
feet struck tho ground llrst, and I '
slipped so far and so fast that I feared (
I would slide through tho Ij. and N. '
uopot Dcloro i could stoy. 1 was uoton
my foot when 1 had finished my greasy v
slide. Thoro was no 0110 present to C
laugh with mo, but it was vory funny.
I went to tho house of Mr. Burns, who \
had clothing ready for me. After I j
had washed and dressed, Mr. Burns ]
and two young ladies held a council
and decided that 1 should, romain'concealed
in the house. Mr. Burns was
to act spy at headquarters, ono of tho 1
young ladies watch tho servant whoonly ^
carno to prepare meals, and tho other
young lady to attend tho burial of Hawkins.
My name was used instead of
his. So tho next morning both tho
guards wore locked up for neglect of
duty, and detectives given the descrip- |
tion of Hawkins. After tho war the
Ladles' Monumental Society erected
ut Hawkins grave a slab, and copied
tho inscription on tho pine l>oard at his
hoad :
W. C. NIXON,
Co. <?., 4th Tonn. Hog., Strati's Brig.
Died Makch, 1804.
Hawkins has the grave, but I havo
tho headstone.
Hashing op the Compass.?Tho
compass may disappear from tho sea,
says tho Philadelphia Koeord. Tho
little needle, by tho aid of which in
tropin marines have ror centuries
chartered the vast ocean developed
a sudden fickleness to the polo
as soon as the compass wits placed
aboard the iron and steel ships of this
age. So orastie have been the necdlo's
deviations that, without froquont
comparison with some known standard,
the helmsman would have been ufraid
to trust the instrument as a nautical
guide over the trackless waters. For
the first time in the history of navigation
an appliance has been invented
which seems to be absolutely accurato
and trustworthy in the determination
of the course of ships at sea. Lieutenant
\V. II. Roechc'r, of the United rttatea
navy, appoare to have achieved this
triumph in his dedicate and beautiful i
solarometor, tho telescope of which is J
so floated upon successive layers of ,
quicksilver, in a vessel hung upon gim- I
bals, that the heaviest sea will ovi- '
dontly bo unable to disturb its dead ;
level. The authorized deep sea trial 1
of the steamer Woimor will decide tho 1
fate of tho old style compass.
? ?A
man who was dcoply in debt was <
sick unto death. " Ah," ho sighed, ^
'4 if I could only live until I had paid ,
off my debts."
" IIumph!" sneered the doctor, bluntly,
" you want to live forovor, do you ?" j
????
" Hitch up tho mule, John !" i
44 What air you a-goin' to do now, !
dad ?"
"I'm a-goln' to go to town an' swap <
two bales o' cotton ler a side o' bacon
an' a coffee pot!" ,
IT'S DANGEROUS GROUND
that you stand on
?with a cough or
a cold, and your
blood impure. Out
of just those conMr
ditions comos Confia
sumption.
jfa?g?j ^ You must do
^ something. In tho
jBy tS3 earlier stages of
km \*\ Consumption, and
fesf *n t*lc con(^*
ji ,,lgj]^ions 'ea<^ to
V yp^it, Doctor Pierce's
_ # ,>grGoldon Medical
?** VjCt Discovery is a cer%*'
tain remedy. This
iT*\ scrofulous affection
**** of tho lungs, like
I every other form
> u? of Scrofula, can bo
cured by it. In severe, lingering
Coughs, all Bronchial, Throat, and
Lung Affections, and evory disease
that can bo reached through tho
blood, it is tho only medicine so effective
that it can be guaranteed.
If it doesn't benefit or cure, you
havo your money back. Nervous
prostration and dobility are conquered
by it.
Something is lost when you use
mDr. Sage's Catarrh
Remedy.
It's Catarrh.
The worst cases
yield to its
mild, soothing,
cleansing, and healing properties.
No matter how bad your case, or of
how long standing, you can bo cured,
i Incurable oases are rare. It's worth
$500 to you, if you have one.
i
4
rifii youNo^n
(Mothers
i We Offer You a Remedy Which \
? Insures Safety to Life of C
Mother and Child. S
? 44 Mothers' Friend "
> Robs Confinement of Its Pnln, \
| Horror and Risk. <
nuci umun UIIU iwmn 01 ""JUOinerS" 1
\ h'riend" 1 suffered but little pain, and did \
f not experience that weakness afterward, J
> usual in such eases. -MRS. Annik uauk, C
' Uaxter Springs, Kan.
> ITSfiit by Mall or Ft press. on receiptor price, M
II.SO per bottle. Ilook to Mothers mailed 4
| Ire# Sobl by nil Druggist*. C
f BRAOFIELOREGULATORCOmM
?Wo have known women to watc):
,t tho bedside of the dying, with sued
oyal love us to almost to drivo bacl
ho grim messenger. Wo have knowi
lioin to conquer in tlio battle of lib
rhero strong men havo failed. W<
iave known tliem to brace tho arraou
>f tlm soldier, und, without a tear, sent
dm to light for country, with tho in
unction to return with his sword o
ipon it. Hut wo havo never known i
romun who could sit still whenshosav
t mouse.
- ? ? Wo
arc pleased to announce thu
Jarpontor Bros., Grconville, S. C., ou
nterprising druggists havo socuroi
lie agency for the Japaneso PileCure
i most wonderful discovery for th
,ure of Piles of every k'ud, which the,
vill sell with a written guarantee t
efund tho money if it doesnotcure
t is Haid to ho a specific for that terrl
>lc and dangerous disease. Get a fro
ample and try it.
All diseases of tho skin cured, an
oat complexion restored by Johnson'
Idnnf.al S<>bl
mviu *jj v;ai |/uiibv
Iros., Greenville, S. C.
Johnson's Magnetic Oil kills ail puin
whether internal or external. Sold a
Carpenter llrou., Greenville, S. C.
Japaneao Giver Pellets are small
nit great in their cllccta ; no griping
?0 doses 2f> ets. Sold at Carpente
Bros., Greenville, S. C.
?"A now way has been founder
nako an ugly girl beautiful and at
ractive."
" How is that?"
" Why lot lie'* go olT visiting and tho
jet tho paper to note her arrival."
?Guinees make more fuss than tin
toys, but tbey lay a heap smaller egj.
\ 4
^^HB^flHBnRK^
"/"SIIJIPlWSBPPI^Sv^'
A VETERAN'S VERDICT.
Th? War Is Over. A Well-known 80
dler, Correspondent and Journ'
1st Makes a Disclosure.
Indiana contributed her thousands of brai
soldiers to the war, and 110 state bears a be
tor rocord In that respect than It doca. 1
literature It la rapidly acquiring a
anviable place. In war and lltoratui
Solomon Yewell, well kuown as a writer ?
"Sol," has won an honorable position. Du
lug the lata war ha was a member of Co. I
Id. N. Y. Onvalry and of the 18th Indiana Ii
fnutry Volunteers. Regarding an importat
clrcumstunco ho writes as follows:
"Several of us old veterans here are uslr
Dr. Mils*' Restorative Norvine. Heart Cui
and Nerve and Liver lMlls, all of tham glvlr
splendid satisfaction. In fact, wo have nev<
used remedies tbut compare with thepi. (
the fills we must say they are the best con
blnatlon of the qualities required iu a pre]
aratlon of tholr nature wehave over know
We have none but words of pralso for thor
They are the outgrowth of a new principle :
medicine, and tone up the system wonde
fully. We say to all, try theso remedies
?Solomon Yewell, Marlon, Ind., Doc. 5, 18G
These remedies are sold by all druggists 1
a positive guarantee, or sent direct by tl
Dr. Mile* Medical Co., Elkhart, Ind., on r
selpt of prico, tl per bottle, six bottles It,
trees prepaid. They poeltivoly contain nelMM
Dittos nor dangerous drugs.
Sold by Carpenter Bros., Druggis
Greenville, 8. C.
SMITH'S
VULCAN
OINTMENT
SURE CURE FOR
Piles, Rheumatism
Catarrh, Neuralgic
Corns and Bunions,
Burns and Old Sores,J
Scald Ilead and Ringworm
Caked Breast and Sore Nip
pies, Weak and Sprained
Backs.
A apecial ointment ia made and sol
for Itch and Itching Piles, whieh
guaranteed to give satisfaction.
Every box of SMITH'S VULCA
OINTMENT ia Bold with the undc
standing that the monoy will bo r<
funded if not satisfactory.
Highest testimonials furnished as 1
its ofncacy in Piles, Rheumatism, Nei
ralgia, &c.
Sold by dealers in medicino ever;
where at 25 and 60 cents per box, c
mailed to any address on receipt <
price in postago stamps or currency.
Sample boxes freo.
W. J. Smith, Solo Proprietor,
Groenvlllo, $. C.
tfiTMcntlon this paper in ordering.
k
! WILL. FARMERS COMBINE ? /
> The Salvation of Cotton Planter* Dc.
pemls 011 Their Independence of
; Northern Speculator* and CombLfla|
f lotlM.
I To the Thinking Farmers of the ^
South : > 1
For tho pust two years I hrive made
* " cotton commissions " my business and
I daily have I witnessed the downward
tendency of your produot. If you will
> think for a nuunent, you will roalizo (
? the fact that tHouch vou are tho nro
ducers of tli^ country and should bo
the most indt|pondont, yet you are the i
most dopondoUt people of America. !
> Why ? Because there are combinations
on nearly ovory article you use. Tho
manufacturers of the North combine
1 on everything and say what it shall
. bring, while you sell your products for I
whatever thoy are willing to pavvoUT *"
| Why cannot you protect your cotton
I in tho same vyay-V? - ? V
I should like, If it moots your upk
proval, to organize a trust compttny
called tho Southorn Farmers' Trust
Company, for the purpoeo of protecting
i your products from the depressing ln?
lluonces of speculators, spinners and
c capitalists, and provide a means by
i which you can natno tho prico for your
3 products, instead of having tho prico
3 dictated to you, as is now tho case. I
r foci satisfied this can be done by form1
ing a trust which would bo able to
- bundle inoqt of tho cotton you grow,
r hot tho'^ij pital stock Vie $.">0,000,800 to
u- $100.000,subscribed entirely by tho
v farmers South and divided into *.
as many shares as may bo necessa.-y
and small enough for every cotton
t planter to subscribe. Let each farmer
r take stock to bis utmost cupaoity and
\ support tho trust iu ovory possiblo way.
>; In case you receive 10 cents for your
o cotton, instead of 5 cents which you aro
y now receiving, vou save on a cr6p of
o 8,000,000 bales about $200,000,000, at
!. least twice as much as tho capital
I- stock of tho trust company. In ease
o speculators should become frightened
even at tho mention of tho trust and
advanco the prico of cotton, so much
the bettor for you, but very likolv thov
A would attornpt at first to bluff you.
r L think it is now time to act. What
benefits the farmer or laborer unqueB- '
tionably benefits all classes. If such a
plan should iqeetyour approval, I would
be more than glad to meet a representative
cotton urower from each Stato (
i or Allianeo, cither in New York or In f
1 some Southern city, to see if somothing ^
!I' cannot ho dono to bring a >out some
benefit to tho South. Some hing must J
be done or your lands will not bo worth fil
cultivating.
Very rospectfully,
John T. Koddkv,
80 Broadway, Now York.
?Secretary Hoke Smith has request- j / I
ed tin; Secretary of War to send troops / I
to the Indian Territory to suppress
r' lawless bands which have beenoporat- I 1
log there and In tho adjaeent country. |
Accompanying the request was a communication
Secretary Smith had re- I s I
oeived from Indian Territory detailing J ^
the deplorable condition of affairs I
thero. ^
a JOHNSON'S
MACNETIC OIL! * i
Instant Kilter of Pain. m
Internal and Exters?ajO A
CuroH RHEUMATI8M, NKUKAflfc i,
01 A. I.uino lluck, Hpralns.
HwoIUiiks, Hlllt Joint*. COI.IO Miff
OKAMl'H lnotnntly. CJiolerii J sMgy BK
bus, Croup,Dlpthorla, Sot? TliroaK^
HEADACHE, as It by xnmffto. 1 V
I tit HUKSt
t ho moot 1'oworful and Penetrntlng I.tnliuont for Mui?ff
or lieaitt iu existence. Largo $1 also 75c., 60c. also 40c. j j
v johnson's oriental soap. %
Medicated and Tollot. The Great Skin Cure and '{&
ace Benutlflor. Ladles will find it thomot?t|K m
j delicate and highly porfifmed Toilet Hoop onH| .
' tho markoL It Is absolutely pure. Makes tho
akin soft aud velvety and roatoroe tho lost oom?B
plexlont Is a luxury for the Bath for Infants. '
it alnys Itching, cleonsos tho ecalp and promotes Jy
rho urowth of hair. Prloo 26o, Tor solo bj im X H
Carprntkr hpob.. Greenville, s 0 t|l i
Waccamaw line steamers. b i
Tho Steamor will loavo her wharf b
i at Co iwnv *T? ry Monday and Wednesday
morning for Georgetown at 4 o'clock, touch*
{ tng all intermediate point#. ami will leave b ^
her wharf at Georgetown every Tuesday
and Friday morning for f'stiway at 4 ?!j$
5? o'clock, touching all Intermediate point*. M
'* D.T. M'NElli, Gen't Ag't amlTreM? Con- b^H|
way, 8. C. vi
? B._l, MUNNKltLYN, Agent, Gesrgstswe, IV
? 8-1- n 1
v Scheduie of Local Mail Routes, 1
ig ROUTE NO. 20273.--From Galiranta Kerry
ro to Conway, mail arrives 1.4ft p m,on Ronl?
day, Wednesday and Friday: leaves ah
\r, 2 30 p m oh miMo (lava. Mail closes at
j! 2.#ft. * *
P- ROUTE NO. 20280.?From Conway to Bir?. ' \ \
n* way, N.C., mail arrives Mt 4:ao pmen I \ j
f1* Tuesday, Tbursduy and Saturday; Imtm / TJ
.. at 5 p in on s?mo davs. Mail closet at i m|
4:60 pm. >, 1
2. ROUTE NO. 20281.?From C'auway via /
"i Forney, Jordanville, Gideon, Lal>una aad !
return, mall arrives at 7pm on Tuesday, i t-HRt
jr Thursday and Saturday; leaves at C % ro [ * M
? ii Monday, Woduesduy and Friday. Mail
at ? )I in. H
ROUTE NO. 20282,?From ( ouwuy to Lit* ! H
in tlo River, mail aiTivee at 6 p in on Mot- V H
day, Wednesday and Friday: leaves at7
ii in Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday.
Mail closes at 0 p m. ?&B
ROUTE NO. 202S3-?Fr?m Conway to Port {
11arreison, mail arrives daily at 12 a; t m
leaves daily at 1:46 p m. Mail closes at t
1:40 pra. *
TLANTIC COAST LINE. Will I
mington, Columbia Jk Augusta 11) H
R. Condonsod schedulo, in effect De", H
wM
TRAINS GOING SOUTH.?NO. 56. \
1 Lv Wilmington 20p ii
Lv Chadbourn 6 Mi; \
I.v Marion 6 ftOj
Ar Florence 6 DOj jfl
MO. W.
Lv Florence T 10| V
Ar Sumter 8 28f
i Lv 8/ niter 128j
' Ar / 'bimbia ... 10 00( HE
V NO- Mm
l? Lv Fifcreacs T 4ft?
Ar lumter 6 20i WHH
mo. 62. \1
Lv 8umter 4 88 * |H
> r Columbia 11 W I > I
TRAINS GOING NORTH.?NO. 61.
. Lv Coluuihla 4 80 | ^H
l? Ar in inter 6 Bit
Lv Burnt*r 6 67 1 A
>- Ar Florsnee ...TV 1 ^H
MO. M. 1 ?
V ? />-? *
ijt * oiumoia 4 20
Ar Burotar . 8 ? A
WO 69. 1
Lv Bumter I 46
Ar Florence.... 6 6>r' ?
mo. 66. j i
l.y Florence 7 4*' g
Ly Marion .... 6 93
d L^oVlindbsum . t 26 1
l? ArV^'llintngton 10 1#
No."62 ru it through from Charleston *
v cntral Kailroad, leaving Lanes 6.44 A 1
... Meaning 9 24 a m. 1
No. 63 runs through te Charleston, B. 8
3" via Central *. It., arriving Manning 8 p
Lanes 8.40 p m, Charleston 10.46 p m. \
*> Train on Manchester A Augusta M. #
x- leaves Sumter, daily axespt Bund ay lO*
m, arrives Rimini 11.69 a as. Returat, V
leave Kimini 13.30 p as, arrive Sumter li mk
P Hi* i vRr
'rf Trains on llartsville II. K. leave Hart
vllle, daily except busster, at Sam, are * j
Ing Vieyds 6.24 a as. Returning, lef *
Floys 9.46 p in, arriving at Uertsvilie If J
p ns. . f 1
J. p. Divine, Gen'l Supt. \ i
J.' ' y, Supt. Trans. I 1