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'=> \ > ;.!!< ori'HIUMIOJf) AN !> YOUTH 1 DY S!i; MATT!'K" Y !'A. Vt> i o now very young, and. l?v the !;! .-r ci* (JoJ, vou may live to bo men :i i uoiii n: hut there are certain dangers, iijrj.'irntto ih\ iiges, ot W lliclt VCll UlUSt be o.-mfuh C 'hood, if it Ic accustomed to discip. i'ne and g."l order, to piety and sobriety, h is a grea' influence in the right fitting and disposing of children to a further lite of religion and virtue. Hut if children he left to hemselves, and their own will ai d gov?-rnnvnt, they become rude and fioward, pe- v.s!t, untraetable, and idle; given to iving and quarreling, and cavil sneaking. Titer fore, it is a great mercy olTiod that a fiords them good education, under persons that arc sober, religious, prudent, and watchful, without which they will grow w id. self-willed, and stubborn. And these ii; dispositions will grow up with them and become moo- rooted and incorrigible; cvcrv vcar will harden them more in ill customs .and ill habi s. Ttio next age is yoirh, which usually begun at th^ago of ten or twelve years, and <v'Utilities until eighteen or twenty. The dangers of this age are many: as. lor instance, pride of apparel and of mind, selfconceit, excessive love of pleasure and re. c.-wit'ons, fleshly lust, despising good conns.-! of our sober 'friends, and of those that are wise and ancient, impatient of being -owrned. aptness to fall into drinking and xcess. <] ::irrc-Iii:ii*, forge?fulness of God ; religion. Now, when you are grown v -o v trils sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, or * a *;? v ve.tr?, according to the ripeness of \ > ?. opacity, you must remember thai r!)"ro are two ways set before you. On he one band, away of virtue, of sobriety, of temperance, modesty, industry, piety, and religion: and, if vou take that wav, vour lives will be full of honor and repu'ation. of plenty and comfort; your lives ami your very deaths will be happy ; for in your lives you will have the blessing of Go 1 and his favor, and the light of his count nance, and bis direction, and the tcst inonv of a good conscience,!? go along with you while you live, and your very death will be but a passage i.ito immortality and glorv. On the o:h t hand, about that age there is open before you. a way of vanity and excess, of intemperance and luxury, of idleness and pro.'useness, of atheism and prolanencss. of lust and wantonness, of dc. baucherv and drunkenness; and if you t ike this road, hen your lives will be accompanied wit!) shame and dishonor, with poverty, and want, and miseries, and, what is wors- of all of, with the displeasure of Almighty God, and the ?hidings of a guil'v - * i ? conscience: and they that in tneir yontn t ike tip his la'ter way,though it may please (?od to r vltiiin and recover them, yet it is a thousand to one they never return. The Stood or 11! seasoning of this part of your hi**, is that which will have a great influence on all the future course of it; and the greatest danger of the ruin of young per. sons is in this turning part of their lives, namely, between sixteen and one and twenty years of age : though some, perchance, lake the irwav, and voyage well to this age. and miscarry after, yet there are a hundred to one that miscarry before. If i; please Clod that you steer your course well till one-nn l-twcntv years of age, you have a great probability to hold ou well, because you will be accustomed 'hereby to a virtuous course of life, which w 11 make v more easy and delightful; .i \ I) si tes, discretion and experience wiil g ow up along with you, and discover to y j d:c danger and inconvenience of ill j c . irses in others, and the beauty and usefitness of religion, virtue, and piety ; and, uijiuh is more than ail the rest, the grace an I influence of Almighty Clod, when en. tertained and followed, will become more j-o.vcrfuf anil effectual every day to keep and strengthen you in the ways of virtue j an 1 piety. Have, therefore, great regard to th's turning and critical point of your life, namely, sixteen, eighteen, or twenty-1 one years of age ; tor much of the goo 1' mid evil success of your voyage through tlie world depends upon the good or evil j choice of your way at that time. v of Athene.?A Into Paris Journal furnishes from the Ureek Courier : of the 7 !i February, some interesting do. tails respi sting the researches ana Nimcov-1 ring <>f tee Hropvlea tinder the heights of; Alliens. On the 22J of October, Mr. Pit- i tabs, a very zealous antiquary of that city, uiio has been employed in superintending the antiquities in place of Dr. Uoss, began i ifs labors, and has happily brought them to,1 a close without employing, for die purpose more than 500 drachms. The Ibnako-1 theke winch forms the north wing of the Propylea, has been en'ircly cleared, as well as the S oa and the Propylea themselves. I - 1- - v ! I? * .1- r\ lm on l>r?nn I 1.1 lil " I UJ<UVlHiii;i\" uuiv; utru ui3vwii.i< vi , . the tw*.) casements which arc opened oa the . t wo sides of the door. The ancient pain, i lings upon them arc still in good preservation, made with red, bine and green col- J ours. The architect of the Acropolis has I men employed to copy thorn exactly wiih the colors of them. M. Lander, a skilful chemist, Ises promised to anauzo, with care, ;h remains of the Colours, in order to disrover the suhsanccs of which they are composed, for in his opinion, they diiilr entirely f mn ti;e f reparation of colours j now in use. i'lie interior part of the door (die sill undoubtedly) is forme 1 of the s'one of i llcusis (Mark nnrhle.) The Pinakotheke ! itself is constructed of dazzling white marM . which is surronnded with a cornice of! r-tlfe s:z (about an English f >oM . r . is ..11 marble. Tim porch was , irvly of white marble, but it has ' !i : ' s-jppeured?:i:a! of the S.ou i;as r.vW''.vr been preserved, as well as the of die propylea with its steps. The " <t "i the doors of this adm.u dde en r ice (the middle one) by which, since Panat crun, the sacred ear entered, is ;; irrlv an w'ioIIv [Tcs?tvc :. 1 ue c.vo eaves cf tins door as \\;.o as mose ol t!:e . si ic ilo.rs w r" c.?vr< ! m :d / > , < . k. nmg bronze, and son"?c remains of it are vol to he seen on the central door. Tins bronze was taken off in the time of the Romans; hut Ad; inn caused tliom to he covered again v. i h two tables of white mni#h!e, oil wl ieii the Christians have depicted in later times two images ?>t saints, at a pcruxl when the part of the P ropy lea situated at th^ ens', was converted into a church. These paintings are stii! prcscrv. cd. There arc some tract s of the remains of this church stii] to bo seen. From Charleston Courier. The Forged Drafts.?The individual mentioned in the following article from Philadelphia V. S. Gazette, is the same per. son who, a very short time since, after pass ing a forged draft on the Rank of Columbus, (Chu) ior a large amount, purporting to have been drawn bv some South Western Rank, (in Mobile or New Orleans) or a New Yuri; Rank, passed two similar lorged draf.s, to the amount of Twenty-Sis Thousand Hollar*. on the Planters' & Mechar.ics' Rank of this citv. lie assumei hero, as in Mobile, the name of Thurston, or Tuhuston, brought a forged letter o! recommendation from Mr. Gracif., ofXeu \ ork, to a highly respectable house in this city, and managed tiie whole afFair wit!: great address. lie exhibited no great anxiety to have his drafs speedily negotiator and affected to have come hero to purchase Sea Island Cotton, and while the drafts were under consideration (or two or three days in Ilank, he actually went about sampling Cotton, producing no little stir among the dealers in that article. As soon, how. ever, as he had negotiated his drafts, he decampted without purchasing any cotton. thus exciting suspicion, which was increasod by intelligence fium Columbus, aniJ confirmed by the return of the drafts from New York under protest as forgeries.? The forged drafts, we understand, were sc well executed, as to defy detection on comparison with genuine drafts in this city, from the South Western Bank in question. Mr. ( racie lias disclaimed all knowledge of the accomplished villain. The Planters and Mechanics Bank dispatched an agent tc New York for his apprehension, but with, out success. (Fiom the Philadelphia U. S. Gazette.) Forged Drafts.?During the last month, April, a man passing by the name of Thurston, professing to be a merchant of NewYork. arrived at Mobile, and while there, offered to a house a draft, purporting to he drawn by one of the banks of New York, the appearance of the draft was so good, and having been pronounced by a bank in Mobile as such they purchased it?the ^ i s* ill amount was live thousand live nurtured ana fifty dollars?the draft was remitted to New York ana returned as being a forgery.? One of the members of the house irnmedidiately left in pursuit, and traced him as far as Savannah, where they found he had embarked for New York but a day boforc; he immediately wrote bv express mail to New York to have him arrested. The vessel arrived there and a person bearing strong resemblance to the description was found on board of her but the officer considered that he had no right to arrcet him without the gentleman was present, so let him go. The gentleman in search, arriveJ in New York, a few da; s after the arrival of the vessel, and traced him to his lodging in New York, but c had left for Philadelphia?he immediately followed him to this city, and arrested him yesterday at one of the hotels where lie had entered his name as hurnhairi, of Hoston. On being toiJ that the draft was a forgery he express cd some surprise but immediately paid the amount, with the damages, called for a candie and burnt the draft and was allowed to ?o. lie bad at the time a large amount of money with him and has undoubtedly been engaged in forgingat other places. the plague.?An esteemed friend lias given us the following interesting extract of a Icrer from Constantinople, dated Feb. 19. ?Xational Gazette, " Commodore Porter is expected to return h'TO in a month or two, Ins health much improved by his journey. The plague has decreased, after having ravaged Constantinople. It is said that upwards of one hundred thousand persons died of it the last summer and fail.?Some of the foreign Legations have met with the most disastrous losses. A few days since the Danish Minister lost his mother, chaplain, and two servants. An American from Boson lafelv arrived here from Alexandria, Egypt, with a specific to prevent contagion, which ho offered to the sultan. His highness placed him in a hospital to prove his efficacy, which he did. The following from the Smyrna C azotic, u ill better explain it to you. The original is in French, which I now translate : 4 Mr. Brown does not pretend to cure the plague when a person has actually caught it. but only to furnish a preventive against taking this terrible disorder bv the use of his specific. But if this specific had uo other immediate result but that of enabling medical men to attend upon those who have he disorder without danger to themselves, it would be an immense advantage at which humanity would rejoice. For beyond all Joubi the greater part of those that die of the plague do so for want of attention and medical advice and attendance, which would afford an opportunity of relief and treatment tor this dreadful disorder, as has jappened with analogous disorders, 1 Ivory body oilers up vows that Mr. Brown may succeed in his experiments in which the government of this country feels a very .loop interest/' lie remained in the hospital wiih ten persons who had the disorder about ten lays, during which time, .he slept in their beds, touching their Luloes, and attended ihem at the great risk of his ifte.?I feel a deep interest in his success, which thus far promises well. As however, the contagion lias nearly subsided. I apprehend his Highness w:.i not la 1 so much interested is he woul 1 have ?! no ?v,u months , lVoui the Commercial Herald. , EUROPEAN BANKS. I ?, i . I It is strikingly characteristic of the ncccs- I ! sity of Banks to great commercial corn-. i; i inanities, that they had their origin at the ! .. j dawn of civilization, and upon tho revival 1 ; of trade in Europe. The Bank of Venice, j ( j the earliest institution of the kind, was es-1 p tabiished in j!?o lime of the Crusades, and,1 jj no doubt, in some degree facilitated the j j, i! 'equipment and transportation of the im- j * intense hosts who rushed upon the plains of | Palestine for a redemption of its consecrated j ' spots from infidel violation. The Crusades ' 11 | broke the torpid slumbers which had kept! r} , ; mankind in a state of inaction from the fall j. , of the Roman Empire, and agitated the j!' ; whole mass of society to its very centre, i ,J . ! The cry?" It is the voice of God V' wi h r: which the multitudes broke away from the , harangues of Peter the Hermit, spread, as n , upon the wings of the wind, over the con- j 0 . j tir.enf. It swept over the fields, and the j ? ; peasantry obeyed i:s call as an edict from ^ Heaven ;?if wound through !lie halls aid | 1 corridors of the old feudal castles,and men- r t archs and nobles poured forh to answer! f I the mighty voice that swelled upon them j ^ ! from the untitled multitude?" Lead us on j c to the rescue of the Holy Sepulchre ?" The i j monk awoke from his dreamy slumber . ; over the manuscripts of an'iquity, and, | dofiiing the hood and cowl, assumed the [j ?J casque and heaver, inflamed with a burning j' ;, zeal for vengeance upon the impious Sara- j c. ,;cc?'. . . id 'i bus a wide spread agitation ensued, :, and in the conflicts and the communication i t, j which followed between the different na j t tions of Europe, more liberal and rational : c , | views of things were produced, and avenues ; c of intercourse were opened between the 1 I I chief marts of Christendom, alortr which ; r. i, Trade soon began to circulate, and the j f( j morn of civilization once more broke upon {> (the world, after the long and dreary night . ^ .which had begun upon the detraction ofi_ i the lloman Empire. ! ^ i The demand for money, which was pro- ? duced by the resuscitation of trade, gave rise a ' I to the establishment of the Bank of Venice. 1 0 (j The Venetians were the bankers of Europe j tl j during the 12th, 13th and 14:h centuries. ! n J The monopoly which they enjoyed of the 1 n , whole Indian trade, down to the discovery , j of the passage to India by the Cape Gf Good i h , j Hope, made them the most opulent people I p , { of Europe.?On a sand-bank in the Adriatic ! t) ,! Gulf they built up the most magnificent city i i ; of the wo. Id, and Venire for centuries was ! j< , the dominant city of Christendom, influenc- ; j, , ing by iier wealth the interest of cv< / | s ! kingdom of Europe. The Bank of Venice j v was a board for deposit, credit, and interest, j ? I It had a capital of 5,000,000 ducats, for j n ; which the Republic was security. It was i p .; continued down to the dissolution of tiie \ j Republic in 1793. The Bank of Genoa c ! was es'ablished in 1107, and was at one {] j time a Bank of much consequence. ' ? The next great banking nation of Eu-! a j rope was Iloiland, which succeeded Yen- , r ice, in commercial pre-eminence, and exer- h cised a similar influence by her commercial j I importance. As early as 1609, we find the* j (j : Bank of Amsterdam established. It owed j jj j its origin to the clipped and w orn currency, ^ | which caused fluctuations in the value of j j, I coin, produced much embarrassment, and i j led to the creation of this Bank, which was i w . simply a Bank of deposit and transfer. Its j f successful management made it a rich tmd (i ' prosperous institution, and it became the j principle depository of gold and silver in j n j Europe. The Bank of Hamburg, founded j n_ j in 1619, was also a Bank of deposit a.id j. ; transfer. j tr i ? - ? t i r. i u 1 DC insuiur situation anu navai wuriaru ; ^ j of England, early made her a commercial; ( ! and maratime nation. After the expul- \ ) sion of the Stuarts, and the extension ofpoli- \ p j tical freedom winch ensued thereon, she j t ! rapidly rose in commercial importance.? l j( i Her trade extended itself to every known j : part of the globe, and her population in- j J creased with such rapidity that it swelled ; ? j over the ancient limits of the kingdom, j and spread itself out in the search of new j i sites of habitation. America and the In- j C) | dies became colonized by the British race,! and opened a most opulent trade with the j. i mothercountry. U( i As in Venice, immediatelv on the com- L y J CJ j mencement of active trade, we find banking j j j institut'ons in operation in England. The ; j chief institution, the Bank of England, was j ^ j established in 1G94, in the reign of William j j and Marv. Its original capital was JC1.200, j : 000 sterling, which was lodged in the Ex- j ^ | chequer at 8 per cent, interest. In 17S1 its i .* I charter was extended to 181*2. In 1800 j / ! it was renewed, and extended to 1835, on | ^ | condition of advancing to the public service i ?3,000,000, without interest, for six years ! J j In 1832, the charter was again renewed j ^ I for 21 years. In 1797 tins Bank suspen- i ^ t ded specie payments, and did not resume ;. until 1823, an interval of 20 years. Its | ; capital in 1710 was ?5,559,990: 1832,1} | ?9,800,000; 1781, ?11.642,000; 1832,1 ' 1 ?14,000,000. Its circulation in 1787 was! j ?8,638,570; 1805, ?18,397,880; 1795, ? ,?13,539,100; 1801, ?21,000,000; 1834, ?27,912,000. |it The Bank of England ; three Banks in C] I Scotland, and the Bank of England, are the CJ j onlv chartered banking institutions in Great: j, j Britain. The other banking establishments ' C( ! are private copartnerships, without any do-1 a; I tcrmincd capital. These banks, as the j 0 i Bank of England, receive money on depos. j bi j ite, and their notes from part ot the paper i Ci ' currency of the kingdom. ! ^ The Bank of France was established in ! n j 1801, at Paris, with a capital of 15,000,- | ft i 000 francs. In 1807 the capital was aug- i o , mentcd to 90,000,000 francs, and the char- j 1 j tcr extended to 40 years. The greate-t j I\ i amount of notes in circulation at any one i p< 1 time was 240,000,009 francs, and the ! n j amount of bullion and coin in the vaults of' cm i the Bank at the same time was 240,000,-' 000 francs. Both the Bank of England ? ; and the Bank of France arc, in seme mca-' i; sure, connected with their respective Gov- C1 eminent?, being obliged to extend them' b loans at a low rate of interest, r.nd to col- -k[ Some carping scribbler having com-; ir luincd of the proceedings of the Board of? C( )irectors of tlio Cincinnati and Charleston 1 iailron.!, the President of the Board pub-' 1 shed tiie following reply, in tho Ciiarlcs- j > )n Courier, which wn copy, because it im- j h arts information in regard to the proceed-1 S its and design of the Board not previous-; i- 11 before the public. . j S1 Louisville, Cincinnati and Charleston i e: laii Road.?ft) answer to a call for infor- j t| nation through the columns of the Mercu- J ft ij, signed " Many Stockholders," the Presi- rr ent. and such of the Directors as are now ai i this city, have the honor to state for the ? .iformalion of the Stockholders generally. 1st. That Major McNeill, and Capt. i fc Vtttmvs. the (thief. and Associate Knffl- o icers, were appointed, not by the President j ft nd Directors, but bv the unanimous vote) ft f tlio Componv, at the meeting of tiie j in Stockholders, held at Knoxviile, in January j Ci :tst. ] vi 2d. It lias not been decided, that the ft 'hief Engineer is to receive $20,000 per j nnum for occasional services?his Asso-1 ft ia'c about one half that sum?and the Pre- j ei idem and Subordinates, in proportion."? i r( ?l?c compensation of the Cheif and Asso-; iate Engineers is to be fixed by the Com- ! Ui any at Flat Hock in October next, when j th ic services to be performed by these ofli-1 c; ers will bo defined, and prescribed, and )\ ieir salaries established. The Board in s"i irec'ing the Cheif Engineer to make the p; roper organization of the Corps, directed.1 e: that iii fixing the grade and compensation qj f the Assistants, he will use a sound dis-' w ret ion, and observe as m#ch economy as is j hi onsistent with securing the services of per-; St ons fully competent to the task." It was j bl jrther resolved, " that the Board of Direc- ' to Drs <io not feel themselves authorized to j oi x definitively the compensation of any of tr ic officers until the meeting of the Com- gi any on the 3d Monday in October next, w ut that the Chief Engineer in concurrence d< nth the President, may agree on a reason- gi ble compensation, subject to the approval j tii f the Company, and that with respect to ' pi ie compensation of the Chief Engineer,! rc o final arrangement can be made until the h; looting of the Company." The President rccci res no salary, and j is services to the Company, whether im ortant or otherwise, have so far not cost j C ic Company one cent. As to "the Assistants," Major McNeill ; now engaged in organizing and arrang- i ng ihem into a Corns, and assigning them j uif.ablc compensation, subject to the appro- j .al in the first instance of the President and j Sl )ircctors, and finally to the Company, as | CI bove mentioned. Major McNeill has J een expressly instructed to perform this j c' utv with the strictest regard to economy, jtc onsistent with the efficient performance of Vi ie important duties required of these offiers, and no doubt is entertained, that the ei rrangements which will be made in this j ai aspect will be satisfactory to the Stock-, r( eiders. J These answers embrace, it is believed, al! . ? ie information called for by " Many Stock- j ? " Thr? truth is. fbnt nntliinrc lms con done, which was not expressly ordered j I1' v the Company, at their meeting las* Oc- ( d)cr, when a large majority of the Stock j as represented, and almost every question j as decided by an unanimous vote. At iat meeting it was decided, that no call for t?r ny instalment should be made, and that | ^ othing further should be done, until thein< iceting in Oc'ober next, except to organ-1 :c the several brigades of Engineers, and > cause all the routes to be surveyed, "so s to be ready to report on the final location ^j1 f the road, at the next meeting of the Com-1 ! any. , T%< bI To tliese duties the President and Direc>rs have strictly confined their attention, istruments have been procured, the sur- ^jj eying parties have been for some time in . le field, and the work is going on industri- j usly and satisfactorily. ; J The President will "here further slate, that i hile he has felt h'mself constrained to ac-! . r -- .... ! til 2pt the otlice, irom an assuming; mui uu i thcr arrangement satisfactory to the S'ock- w aiders generally, could be made lie shall j 111 a ready to surrender his trust on the slight-1 Jjt; it intimation that he docs not enjoy their, mire confidence. ?f With regard to compensation, he is per- P1 ctly willing to leave it to the Company 'n j say whether he shall serve them gratui- ,( 'usly, or otherwise?and he should certain- c ' not expect or require what any " Stock- P older" could possibly regard as unreasona- . !n le. The President is free to confess, u, owever, that important as he deems the J!| reat enterprize, of connecting the city of J Charleston with the West by a Rail Road to p, he would abandon it at once in despair,if e could be induced to believe that the Prcs- .c lent and Directors, instead of being upheld j lid supported by the Stockholders, were to !. c watched with a jealous spirit and looked J pon with suspicion. If instead of being j istaincd by that generous confidence, j j11 hieh is essential to the succcss'of all great 1 ? - ' . I nc nterpriscs, they arc to encounter, atsirusi is easy to foretel the result. In the pres- j nt circumstances of the country, nothing j w tin be easier than to shake public confi-!c> ence in any great work. It is not to be; >v ancealed, that the difficulties before us,!,s rc well calculated to paralize the energies 3 f the community. Many Rail Roads have eon already suspended, others it is known j unnot be much longer carried on. It may i icrrfore happen, that our great Rail Road j nr my share the fate ofo'hers. We have so j re ir, however, advanced prosperously, and j be ur present condition is peculiarly foriunafe.1 tli 'he objectionable provisions introduced by | T Kentucky into the charter, liave been re- j b\ cnled bv her Legislature, and the amend, j m lenfs proposed by &out!i Carolina adopt- j at J. * j Pr The Act passed by the Legislature of j outh Carolina, conferring Banking Priv- j .eges 0:1 the Company, has, been con- j p aired in by North Carolina, and wants " ut the assent, cither of Tennessee or Ken- U l :okv to he carried into eflr ct. Such a '*; < v.- won'-.' ten is!? ;i' icans for an extensive commercial inter-! aurso between the South aiul West. In- j i?cd, it is not easy to perceive how this ! ade can he carried on otherwise than by ! icans of Bills of Exchange and Bank ' ?o;cs. drawn and issued by an Institufion aving corporate existence in several fates. In tho mean time, our Brigades of Engl-1 cers are all organized, and in active and | jcccssful operation along the whole lino, j xecuting the scientific surveys directed by ie Stockholders. At their meeting in 'nowille, t!ie Company informed the Di-; actors that on these surveys " too much ! ttention could hardly be bestowed that! a hasty and inconsiderate decision may j ive present expenses, but it may be ?1 lowed bv the expenditure of milllions to 1 vercome difficulties which might at first : rive becu avoided ; they regard it there-! ire as a true economy, to incur in the first istance all the expense which may be ne sssnry to a complete examination ana sursy of the whole ground, by the most ski!il and experienced Engineers/' The time that must necessarily elapse ! eforc these surveys can be properly cxe- j jted, will, we trust, enable the country to jvive from its present embarrassments.? io further instalments will be called for; j ntil this change shall be produced in! le condition of the connfry, and the practi-j ibiliry and cos' of the Road shall be clear- ! ascertained. In that event, with a sub-I jhscription of one million ofdollarson the 1 art of South Carolina, and two-thirds of the cpense of the Road within her own limits,; ?s limed by the State of Tennessee, (for. liicli she stands pledged) with a Bank iving corporate existence in three or more fates, we should certainly have a reasonac prospect of success. At all events, it is i be hoped that no premature abandonment 'the enterprise?no jealous spirit ofdisust?no despondency?but above all no 11 iL.. I rounciiess imputation 01 un wormy iikhivcs, j ill be allowed to disturb that harmony, I ?feat those efforts, and paralize those encr- j ies on which the success of the work en- | rely depends. Let us not too soon des- j lir of the country, nor the true means of j 'storing the prosperity and securing the j ippiness of the people. ROBERT Y. flAYNE, President Louisville, Cincinnati and j Charleston Rail Road Company j harlcston, May 31, 1837. CONSUMPTION. Prom the N. Y. Express* IMPORTANT DISCOVER V. Such have been the improvements in : irgery, that there arc some hopes that a | jre for consumption may at length be ' Tected by its aid. It is a line in which no j [forts have as yet been made with a view j i the absolute allicviation of this all per- j ading disease. The attention of medical1 ten has never been dircc:ed to so appear- ; itly hopeless a resource as a means of j rresting the career of a malady hitherto j yarded as exclusively within tiic province ' f the physician, and not having even a re- j io'c bearing 'o die remediate virtues resid- ( ig in the knife. Bui such will probably | 2 the turn which things will take, and j nder this conviction I am induced to lay 1 :'forc the public the following plan for I ie cure of this unhappily too common dis- j rder. In order to render this matter intelligible ! the mass of people who are most deep- ; interested in the discovery, it will be i icessary to make them, in a measure, :quainted with the opinions which have ten hitherto entertained by physicians in gard to the nature of this disease, and to ve a brief description of the structure of j e lungs, and the manner in which they i feet the vital function of oxidizing the ! i 1 /\aH WW The lungs arc bodies of a loose or iongy consistence, contained within the lest. They are placed in the right and left Jes, and are separated from each other j a membranous partition, running from ' e breast-bone directly to the back-bone, j he lung of the left side is the smaller, from ; e heart being situated in that cavity. The indpipegoes down the neck, and dividing ! to two branches enters into the back ! irt of the lungs close upon the spine, he lungs lie loose in the chest, like a bag bladder, whose orifice is at the windpo. We will suppose it to be a bladder j side of a bellows?if wc stop up tbc | )Je or valve in the bottom board of the J ;llows, and suppose the mouth of the j ;idder to come out at the nose, it is then 1 precisely the same circumstances that the ngs are within the chest. Raise the indies, and the air passes in at the nose & Is the bladder inside the bellows?depress e handles, and the bladder is emptied, ut let us open the valve underneath the ;1 low's, and the air, when the handles are cvated, will rush into this opening, instead ' the smaller orifice of the nose. The ngs are in the same relative situation, j lake an opening in the inside of thcchesiy j nl when the ribs arc raised in the act o i ealhing, the air is drawn through this ;w passage in preference to passing by c more circuitous way of the mouth and indpipc. As the air is drawn in upon the ;ferior surface of the lung, the latter rhich we will suppose the bladder again) pressed down and more and more emptied l j evervk breath, until it is reduced to its i nallcst size, and all the cavity oulsidc of j, is filled with air. < The lung (for these arc cases which are )t speculative, but of almost daily occur- I nee) is compressed in this manner to a I >dy not larger than the fist?which shows j e exceeding sponginess of its structure. \ his opening has sometimes been made , i accident, sometimes to give issue to ' attcr or air collected within the cavity, id for various other purposes. 'It is j actieablo as a curative means only, from i e fact that the lungs are contained in two parateand distinctaparlments, divided as fore stated by an empervious partition, they were both in one cavity, and the air ' erciet in upon their outside, there would ? an end to life, as no breath could gain t > the inside <.f the lung. 1? ; 1 ii has been proved in numerous instances ot 1 diseasese, and where operations have been 4 performed, that a person can live by the breath of one lung and allow the other lo lie idle, the idea originated of attempting to cure a disease in the one lung, which is under your mastery, while the o'her goes on with its functions. The only tray in which consumption is ever cured, is by the collapsing or drying up of the lungs, the cessation of breathing in ir, and the sinking i of that side cf the chest. The other side of the chest generally becomes enlarged. Consumptive people live on for years, when | to all intents and purposes they have not ' half a lung. And a distinguised writer has expressed the opinion that one twentieth part of the air usually taken into|thc lungs at one respiration is sufficient to sustain life. The system of cure here proposed is founded on a careful consideration of these j facts. If the lung can be placed at rest by the admission of air to the cavity of the < chest, the great obstacle to the cure of consumption is removed. So long as it is bent p/iniiniinllv in mntinn K*' !-?? ?I" v/j UIV, poooogv; of the air through every portion of it, an \ ulcer or any other disease which may exist cannot possibly heal. ]f the motion did not aggravate the complaint, the stato ^ ot distension in which the lung is kept, and the separation of the diseased or ulcerated surfaces, maintained by this distension, would prevent the union of the opposite sides of the ulcers. A wound will not unite unless the edges arc kept together? and a sword wound of the lung is only cured by the instantaneous sinking down of tnc wounded organ and the consequent contact which is produced between the sides of the cut. Thus naturo seems to have . I pointed out this means of cure, and to have placed consumption, as it were, under an impossibility of being removed by medical remedies, or by any other means than the knife. XT -I - I * ? ?. - f imow mecujecc 01 me operation ior consumption is to make a permanent opening into the side of the chest, so as to allow the air to enter freely and compress the lung?to give nature an opportunity (while the lung is in a state of rest) to absorb the diseased matter, or to heal the ulcerated parts by cicatrization, and to afford the surgeon an opportunity to resort-to the ligature or knife, where they may be beneficial. In tho first place, the surface on which nature has to act in her curative attempts is very much reduced ; in the next place, there is no in. tenuption to her efforts, occasioned by the process of breathing, or by the irritation of t... I.,..,* e. tilt; u-\ei, umcii sc;uiij5 ivj uu aiinply an indication of her struggles and her inability to conquer i great disease?since \\c invariably see it manifested when the body is laboring under a very extensive external sore, or an internal disease or abscess, where there is no possible chance for the escape of the matter or the consolidation of the parts, as in the case of the liver and the lungs. In the next place, the matter or pns, instead of compelling the lungs to violent efforts for its expulsion through the windpipe, and the want of strength to do which is frequently, if net generally, the immediate cause of death in this disease, finds a ready issue by the ctr'ificial opening. Again, the parts cannot so well become callous in a state of quiescence, and ifihey have already become so by the constant motion, as in fistula, the compression to which thev arc subjected will nro , , ? I mole their union, as in ulcers on the leg? their collapse alone favors this result. To be brief, where applications, incisions, in. spections, &c. are required, | they aro easily made. If it is found necessary to remove any disease part, it can be effected. 11 is not necessary to enter into the details of the operation. It is not as severe as onehalf of those daily performed in this city ; and as to its practicability, we will not throw away reasons in discussing a matter which admits of no dispute. Those who arc awarethat an incision has been made into the abdomen, and an ovarium of enormous size successfully removed, (by Dr. I). L. Rogers,)?that the bold and skilful hand ofDr. Mott has entered the breast and almost passed a ligature around the heart itself? those who know that hip joints have been removed by a dash of a knife, as in a case by D. J. Kearney Rogers, will not wonder that a diseased lung, which has ceased to perform its functions, should be * i t - \ r i seized ana tanen out maimy irom us location in the body?much less need they be alarmed at the trival operation of making a small incision in the side as the first step in the way ofgiving life to the destined victim of consumption. Were the operation the most terrible, os it is the most trifling, there would be no cause for apprehension that a man's system in so low a state as that of a consumptive patient would not be able to bear the shock. Persons reduced to the very confines of the grave*by any long protracted disease in one of the extremities, undergo amputation better, and rise with renovated health from i s effects sooner than those who arc brought down in the full strength of their bodily powers, and are compelled to submit to a mutilation of one of their members.? The danger ofrlie operation is less, the pain is less, in proportion to the lowness of health and strength of the patient. Instead of giving stimulants to sustain the system, ^ wo should in many cases rather have recourse to bleeding, in order to diminish the quantity of blood circulating throug the lungs. Without therefore, particularising the different steps of the operation in these preliminary observations, we shall content ourselves with presenting a summary of the arguments which have been advanced in favor of the success of these remediate mcasurcs for the effectual cure of consumption, and leave readers to judge of the degree of confidence to which they are entitled. I would not be guilty of flattering, against my own conviction, delusion and fallacy of anticipation which are often observed among consumlivc subjects and which frequently load them to hope, in defiance of ail the evidence of approaching dissolution that they are at that very time on the point of : restoration to heal h, and to hold up