Cheraw gazette. [volume] (Cheraw, S.C.) 1835-1838, June 14, 1837, Page 230, Image 2
'=> \ > ;.!!< ori'HIUMIOJf) AN !> YOUTH 1
DY S!i; MATT!'K" Y !'A.
Vt> i o now very young, and. l?v the
!;! .-r ci* (JoJ, vou may live to bo men
:i i uoiii n: hut there are certain dangers,
iijrj.'irntto ih\ iiges, ot W lliclt VCll UlUSt be
o.-mfuh
C 'hood, if it Ic accustomed to discip.
i'ne and g."l order, to piety and sobriety,
h is a grea' influence in the right fitting and
disposing of children to a further lite of
religion and virtue. Hut if children he left
to hemselves, and their own will ai d gov?-rnnvnt,
they become rude and fioward,
pe- v.s!t, untraetable, and idle; given to
iving and quarreling, and cavil sneaking.
Titer fore, it is a great mercy olTiod that
a fiords them good education, under persons
that arc sober, religious, prudent, and
watchful, without which they will grow
w id. self-willed, and stubborn. And these
ii; dispositions will grow up with them and
become moo- rooted and incorrigible; cvcrv
vcar will harden them more in ill customs
.and ill habi s.
Ttio next age is yoirh, which usually begun
at th^ago of ten or twelve years, and
<v'Utilities until eighteen or twenty. The
dangers of this age are many: as. lor instance,
pride of apparel and of mind, selfconceit,
excessive love of pleasure and re.
c.-wit'ons, fleshly lust, despising good conns.-!
of our sober 'friends, and of those that
are wise and ancient, impatient of being
-owrned. aptness to fall into drinking and
xcess. <] ::irrc-Iii:ii*, forge?fulness of God
; religion. Now, when you are grown
v -o v trils sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, or
* a *;? v ve.tr?, according to the ripeness of
\ > ?. opacity, you must remember thai
r!)"ro are two ways set before you. On
he one band, away of virtue, of sobriety,
of temperance, modesty, industry, piety,
and religion: and, if vou take that wav,
vour lives will be full of honor and repu'ation.
of plenty and comfort; your lives
ami your very deaths will be happy ; for in
your lives you will have the blessing of
Go 1 and his favor, and the light of his
count nance, and bis direction, and the tcst
inonv of a good conscience,!? go along with
you while you live, and your very death
will be but a passage i.ito immortality and
glorv.
On the o:h t hand, about that age there
is open before you. a way of vanity and excess,
of intemperance and luxury, of idleness
and pro.'useness, of atheism and prolanencss.
of lust and wantonness, of dc.
baucherv and drunkenness; and if you
t ike this road, hen your lives will be accompanied
wit!) shame and dishonor, with
poverty, and want, and miseries, and, what
is wors- of all of, with the displeasure of
Almighty God, and the ?hidings of a guil'v
- * i ?
conscience: and they that in tneir yontn
t ike tip his la'ter way,though it may please
(?od to r vltiiin and recover them, yet it is
a thousand to one they never return. The
Stood or 11! seasoning of this part of your
hi**, is that which will have a great influence
on all the future course of it; and the
greatest danger of the ruin of young per.
sons is in this turning part of their lives,
namely, between sixteen and one and twenty
years of age : though some, perchance,
lake the irwav, and voyage well to this age.
and miscarry after, yet there are a hundred
to one that miscarry before.
If i; please Clod that you steer your
course well till one-nn l-twcntv years of
age, you have a great probability to hold
ou well, because you will be accustomed
'hereby to a virtuous course of life, which
w 11 make v more easy and delightful;
.i \ I) si tes, discretion and experience wiil
g ow up along with you, and discover to
y j d:c danger and inconvenience of ill j
c . irses in others, and the beauty and usefitness
of religion, virtue, and piety ; and,
uijiuh is more than ail the rest, the grace
an I influence of Almighty Clod, when en.
tertained and followed, will become more
j-o.vcrfuf anil effectual every day to keep
and strengthen you in the ways of virtue j
an 1 piety. Have, therefore, great regard
to th's turning and critical point of your
life, namely, sixteen, eighteen, or twenty-1
one years of age ; tor much of the goo 1'
mid evil success of your voyage through
tlie world depends upon the good or evil j
choice of your way at that time.
v of Athene.?A Into Paris
Journal furnishes from the Ureek Courier :
of the 7 !i February, some interesting do.
tails respi sting the researches ana Nimcov-1
ring <>f tee Hropvlea tinder the heights of;
Alliens. On the 22J of October, Mr. Pit- i
tabs, a very zealous antiquary of that city,
uiio has been employed in superintending
the antiquities in place of Dr. Uoss, began i
ifs labors, and has happily brought them to,1
a close without employing, for die purpose
more than 500 drachms. The Ibnako-1
theke winch forms the north wing of the
Propylea, has been en'ircly cleared, as well
as the S oa and the Propylea themselves.
I - 1- - v ! I? * .1- r\ lm on l>r?nn I
1.1 lil " I UJ<UVlHiii;i\" uuiv; utru ui3vwii.i< vi ,
.
the tw*.) casements which arc opened oa the .
t wo sides of the door. The ancient pain, i
lings upon them arc still in good preservation,
made with red, bine and green col- J
ours. The architect of the Acropolis has
I men employed to copy thorn exactly wiih
the colors of them. M. Lander, a skilful
chemist, Ises promised to anauzo, with care,
;h remains of the Colours, in order to disrover
the suhsanccs of which they are
composed, for in his opinion, they diiilr
entirely f mn ti;e f reparation of colours j
now in use.
i'lie interior part of the door (die sill
undoubtedly) is forme 1 of the s'one of i llcusis
(Mark nnrhle.) The Pinakotheke !
itself is constructed of dazzling white marM
. which is surronnded with a cornice of!
r-tlfe s:z (about an English f >oM
. r . is ..11 marble. Tim porch was
, irvly of white marble, but it has '
!i : ' s-jppeured?:i:a! of the S.ou i;as
r.vW''.vr been preserved, as well as the
of die propylea with its steps. The
" <t "i the doors of this adm.u dde en
r ice (the middle one) by which, since
Panat crun, the sacred ear entered, is
;; irrlv an w'ioIIv [Tcs?tvc :. 1 ue c.vo
eaves cf tins door as \\;.o as mose ol t!:e .
si ic ilo.rs w r" c.?vr< ! m :d / > , < .
k.
nmg bronze, and son"?c remains of it are
vol to he seen on the central door. Tins
bronze was taken off in the time of the Romans;
hut Ad; inn caused tliom to he
covered again v. i h two tables of white mni#h!e,
oil wl ieii the Christians have depicted
in later times two images ?>t saints, at a
pcruxl when the part of the P ropy lea situated
at th^ ens', was converted into a
church. These paintings are stii! prcscrv.
cd. There arc some tract s of the remains
of this church stii] to bo seen.
From Charleston Courier.
The Forged Drafts.?The individual
mentioned in the following article from
Philadelphia V. S. Gazette, is the same per.
son who, a very short time since, after pass
ing a forged draft on the Rank of Columbus,
(Chu) ior a large amount, purporting
to have been drawn bv some South Western
Rank, (in Mobile or New Orleans) or
a New Yuri; Rank, passed two similar lorged
draf.s, to the amount of Twenty-Sis
Thousand Hollar*. on the Planters' & Mechar.ics'
Rank of this citv. lie assumei
hero, as in Mobile, the name of Thurston,
or Tuhuston, brought a forged letter o!
recommendation from Mr. Gracif., ofXeu
\ ork, to a highly respectable house in this
city, and managed tiie whole afFair wit!:
great address. lie exhibited no great anxiety
to have his drafs speedily negotiator
and affected to have come hero to purchase
Sea Island Cotton, and while the drafts
were under consideration (or two or three
days in Ilank, he actually went about sampling
Cotton, producing no little stir among
the dealers in that article. As soon, how.
ever, as he had negotiated his drafts, he
decampted without purchasing any cotton.
thus exciting suspicion, which was increasod
by intelligence fium Columbus, aniJ
confirmed by the return of the drafts from
New York under protest as forgeries.?
The forged drafts, we understand, were sc
well executed, as to defy detection on comparison
with genuine drafts in this city, from
the South Western Bank in question. Mr.
( racie lias disclaimed all knowledge of the
accomplished villain. The Planters and
Mechanics Bank dispatched an agent tc
New York for his apprehension, but with,
out success.
(Fiom the Philadelphia U. S. Gazette.)
Forged Drafts.?During the last month,
April, a man passing by the name of Thurston,
professing to be a merchant of NewYork.
arrived at Mobile, and while there,
offered to a house a draft, purporting to he
drawn by one of the banks of New York,
the appearance of the draft was so good,
and having been pronounced by a bank in
Mobile as such they purchased it?the
^ i s* ill
amount was live thousand live nurtured ana
fifty dollars?the draft was remitted to New
York ana returned as being a forgery.?
One of the members of the house irnmedidiately
left in pursuit, and traced him as far
as Savannah, where they found he had
embarked for New York but a day boforc;
he immediately wrote bv express mail to
New York to have him arrested. The
vessel arrived there and a person bearing
strong resemblance to the description was
found on board of her but the officer considered
that he had no right to arrcet him
without the gentleman was present, so let
him go. The gentleman in search, arriveJ
in New York, a few da; s after the arrival
of the vessel, and traced him to his lodging
in New York, but c had left for Philadelphia?he
immediately followed him to
this city, and arrested him yesterday at
one of the hotels where lie had entered his
name as hurnhairi, of Hoston. On being
toiJ that the draft was a forgery he express
cd some surprise but immediately paid the
amount, with the damages, called for a candie
and burnt the draft and was allowed to
?o. lie bad at the time a large amount of
money with him and has undoubtedly been
engaged in forgingat other places.
the plague.?An esteemed friend lias
given us the following interesting extract of
a Icrer from Constantinople, dated Feb. 19.
?Xational Gazette,
" Commodore Porter is expected to return
h'TO in a month or two, Ins health
much improved by his journey. The plague
has decreased, after having ravaged
Constantinople. It is said that upwards of
one hundred thousand persons died of it the
last summer and fail.?Some of the foreign
Legations have met with the most disastrous
losses. A few days since the Danish
Minister lost his mother, chaplain, and two
servants. An American from Boson lafelv
arrived here from Alexandria, Egypt,
with a specific to prevent contagion, which
ho offered to the sultan. His highness
placed him in a hospital to prove his efficacy,
which he did. The following from the
Smyrna C azotic, u ill better explain it to you.
The original is in French, which I now
translate :
4 Mr. Brown does not pretend to cure the
plague when a person has actually caught
it. but only to furnish a preventive against
taking this terrible disorder bv the use of
his specific. But if this specific had uo
other immediate result but that of enabling
medical men to attend upon those who have
he disorder without danger to themselves,
it would be an immense advantage at which
humanity would rejoice. For beyond all
Joubi the greater part of those that die of
the plague do so for want of attention and
medical advice and attendance, which
would afford an opportunity of relief and
treatment tor this dreadful disorder, as has
jappened with analogous disorders, 1 Ivory
body oilers up vows that Mr. Brown may
succeed in his experiments in which the
government of this country feels a very
.loop interest/'
lie remained in the hospital wiih ten
persons who had the disorder about ten
lays, during which time, .he slept in their
beds, touching their Luloes, and attended
ihem at the great risk of his ifte.?I feel a
deep interest in his success, which thus far
promises well. As however, the contagion
lias nearly subsided. I apprehend his
Highness w:.i not la 1 so much interested
is he woul 1 have ?! no ?v,u months
, lVoui the Commercial Herald. ,
EUROPEAN BANKS. I ?,
i . I
It is strikingly characteristic of the ncccs- I
! sity of Banks to great commercial corn-. i;
i inanities, that they had their origin at the ! ..
j dawn of civilization, and upon tho revival 1
; of trade in Europe. The Bank of Venice, j (
j the earliest institution of the kind, was es-1 p
tabiished in j!?o lime of the Crusades, and,1 jj
no doubt, in some degree facilitated the j j,
i! 'equipment and transportation of the im- j *
intense hosts who rushed upon the plains of |
Palestine for a redemption of its consecrated j
' spots from infidel violation. The Crusades ' 11
| broke the torpid slumbers which had kept! r}
, ; mankind in a state of inaction from the fall j.
, of the Roman Empire, and agitated the j!'
; whole mass of society to its very centre, i ,J
. ! The cry?" It is the voice of God V' wi h
r: which the multitudes broke away from the
, harangues of Peter the Hermit, spread, as n
, upon the wings of the wind, over the con- j 0
. j tir.enf. It swept over the fields, and the j ?
; peasantry obeyed i:s call as an edict from ^
Heaven ;?if wound through !lie halls aid
| 1 corridors of the old feudal castles,and men- r
t archs and nobles poured forh to answer!
f I the mighty voice that swelled upon them j ^
! from the untitled multitude?" Lead us on j c
to the rescue of the Holy Sepulchre ?" The
i j monk awoke from his dreamy slumber
. ; over the manuscripts of an'iquity, and,
| dofiiing the hood and cowl, assumed the [j
?J casque and heaver, inflamed with a burning j'
;, zeal for vengeance upon the impious Sara- j c.
,;cc?'. . . id
'i bus a wide spread agitation ensued,
:, and in the conflicts and the communication i t,
j which followed between the different na j
t tions of Europe, more liberal and rational : c
, | views of things were produced, and avenues ; c
of intercourse were opened between the 1
I I chief marts of Christendom, alortr which ; r.
i, Trade soon began to circulate, and the j f(
j morn of civilization once more broke upon {>
(the world, after the long and dreary night . ^
.which had begun upon the detraction ofi_
i the lloman Empire. ! ^
i The demand for money, which was pro- ?
duced by the resuscitation of trade, gave rise a
' I to the establishment of the Bank of Venice. 1 0
(j The Venetians were the bankers of Europe j tl
j during the 12th, 13th and 14:h centuries. ! n
J The monopoly which they enjoyed of the 1 n
, whole Indian trade, down to the discovery
, j of the passage to India by the Cape Gf Good i h
, j Hope, made them the most opulent people I p
, { of Europe.?On a sand-bank in the Adriatic ! t)
,! Gulf they built up the most magnificent city i
i ; of the wo. Id, and Venire for centuries was ! j<
, the dominant city of Christendom, influenc- ; j,
, ing by iier wealth the interest of cv< / | s
! kingdom of Europe. The Bank of Venice j v
was a board for deposit, credit, and interest, j ?
I It had a capital of 5,000,000 ducats, for j n
; which the Republic was security. It was i p
.; continued down to the dissolution of tiie \ j
Republic in 1793. The Bank of Genoa c
! was es'ablished in 1107, and was at one {]
j time a Bank of much consequence. ' ?
The next great banking nation of Eu-! a
j rope was Iloiland, which succeeded Yen- , r
ice, in commercial pre-eminence, and exer- h
cised a similar influence by her commercial j
I importance. As early as 1609, we find the* j (j
: Bank of Amsterdam established. It owed j jj
j its origin to the clipped and w orn currency, ^
| which caused fluctuations in the value of j j,
I coin, produced much embarrassment, and i
j led to the creation of this Bank, which was i w
. simply a Bank of deposit and transfer. Its j
f successful management made it a rich tmd (i
' prosperous institution, and it became the j
principle depository of gold and silver in j n
j Europe. The Bank of Hamburg, founded j n_
j in 1619, was also a Bank of deposit a.id j.
; transfer. j tr
i ? - ? t i r. i u
1 DC insuiur situation anu navai wuriaru ; ^
j of England, early made her a commercial; (
! and maratime nation. After the expul- \
) sion of the Stuarts, and the extension ofpoli- \ p
j tical freedom winch ensued thereon, she j t
! rapidly rose in commercial importance.? l j(
i Her trade extended itself to every known j
: part of the globe, and her population in- j
J creased with such rapidity that it swelled ; ?
j over the ancient limits of the kingdom, j
and spread itself out in the search of new j
i sites of habitation. America and the In- j C)
| dies became colonized by the British race,!
and opened a most opulent trade with the j.
i mothercountry. U(
i As in Venice, immediatelv on the com- L
y J CJ
j mencement of active trade, we find banking j j
j institut'ons in operation in England. The ;
j chief institution, the Bank of England, was j ^
j established in 1G94, in the reign of William j
j and Marv. Its original capital was JC1.200, j
: 000 sterling, which was lodged in the Ex- j ^
| chequer at 8 per cent, interest. In 17S1 its i .*
I charter was extended to 181*2. In 1800 j /
! it was renewed, and extended to 1835, on | ^
| condition of advancing to the public service i
?3,000,000, without interest, for six years ! J
j In 1832, the charter was again renewed j ^
I for 21 years. In 1797 tins Bank suspen- i ^
t ded specie payments, and did not resume ;.
until 1823, an interval of 20 years. Its |
; capital in 1710 was ?5,559,990: 1832,1}
| ?9,800,000; 1781, ?11.642,000; 1832,1 '
1 ?14,000,000. Its circulation in 1787 was!
j ?8,638,570; 1805, ?18,397,880; 1795, ?
,?13,539,100; 1801, ?21,000,000; 1834,
?27,912,000. |it
The Bank of England ; three Banks in C]
I Scotland, and the Bank of England, are the CJ
j onlv chartered banking institutions in Great: j,
j Britain. The other banking establishments ' C(
! are private copartnerships, without any do-1 a;
I tcrmincd capital. These banks, as the j 0
i Bank of England, receive money on depos. j bi
j ite, and their notes from part ot the paper i Ci
' currency of the kingdom. ! ^
The Bank of France was established in ! n
j 1801, at Paris, with a capital of 15,000,- | ft
i 000 francs. In 1807 the capital was aug- i o
, mentcd to 90,000,000 francs, and the char- j 1
j tcr extended to 40 years. The greate-t j I\
i amount of notes in circulation at any one i p<
1 time was 240,000,009 francs, and the ! n
j amount of bullion and coin in the vaults of' cm
i the Bank at the same time was 240,000,-'
000 francs. Both the Bank of England ?
; and the Bank of France arc, in seme mca-' i;
sure, connected with their respective Gov- C1
eminent?, being obliged to extend them' b
loans at a low rate of interest, r.nd to col- -k[
Some carping scribbler having com-; ir
luincd of the proceedings of the Board of? C(
)irectors of tlio Cincinnati and Charleston 1
iailron.!, the President of the Board pub-' 1
shed tiie following reply, in tho Ciiarlcs- j >
)n Courier, which wn copy, because it im- j h
arts information in regard to the proceed-1 S
its and design of the Board not previous-;
i- 11
before the public. . j S1
Louisville, Cincinnati and Charleston i e:
laii Road.?ft) answer to a call for infor- j t|
nation through the columns of the Mercu- J ft
ij, signed " Many Stockholders," the Presi- rr
ent. and such of the Directors as are now ai
i this city, have the honor to state for the ?
.iformalion of the Stockholders generally.
1st. That Major McNeill, and Capt. i fc
Vtttmvs. the (thief. and Associate Knffl- o
icers, were appointed, not by the President j ft
nd Directors, but bv the unanimous vote) ft
f tlio Componv, at the meeting of tiie j in
Stockholders, held at Knoxviile, in January j Ci
:tst. ] vi
2d. It lias not been decided, that the ft
'hief Engineer is to receive $20,000 per j
nnum for occasional services?his Asso-1 ft
ia'c about one half that sum?and the Pre- j ei
idem and Subordinates, in proportion."? i r(
?l?c compensation of the Cheif and Asso-;
iate Engineers is to be fixed by the Com- ! Ui
any at Flat Hock in October next, when j th
ic services to be performed by these ofli-1 c;
ers will bo defined, and prescribed, and )\
ieir salaries established. The Board in s"i
irec'ing the Cheif Engineer to make the p;
roper organization of the Corps, directed.1 e:
that iii fixing the grade and compensation qj
f the Assistants, he will use a sound dis-' w
ret ion, and observe as m#ch economy as is j hi
onsistent with securing the services of per-; St
ons fully competent to the task." It was j bl
jrther resolved, " that the Board of Direc- ' to
Drs <io not feel themselves authorized to j oi
x definitively the compensation of any of tr
ic officers until the meeting of the Com- gi
any on the 3d Monday in October next, w
ut that the Chief Engineer in concurrence d<
nth the President, may agree on a reason- gi
ble compensation, subject to the approval j tii
f the Company, and that with respect to ' pi
ie compensation of the Chief Engineer,! rc
o final arrangement can be made until the h;
looting of the Company."
The President rccci res no salary, and j
is services to the Company, whether im
ortant or otherwise, have so far not cost j C
ic Company one cent.
As to "the Assistants," Major McNeill
; now engaged in organizing and arrang- i
ng ihem into a Corns, and assigning them j
uif.ablc compensation, subject to the appro- j
.al in the first instance of the President and j Sl
)ircctors, and finally to the Company, as | CI
bove mentioned. Major McNeill has J
een expressly instructed to perform this j c'
utv with the strictest regard to economy, jtc
onsistent with the efficient performance of Vi
ie important duties required of these offiers,
and no doubt is entertained, that the ei
rrangements which will be made in this j ai
aspect will be satisfactory to the Stock-, r(
eiders. J
These answers embrace, it is believed, al! . ?
ie information called for by " Many Stock- j ?
" Thr? truth is. fbnt nntliinrc lms
con done, which was not expressly ordered j I1'
v the Company, at their meeting las* Oc- (
d)cr, when a large majority of the Stock j
as represented, and almost every question j
as decided by an unanimous vote. At
iat meeting it was decided, that no call for t?r
ny instalment should be made, and that | ^
othing further should be done, until thein<
iceting in Oc'ober next, except to organ-1
:c the several brigades of Engineers, and
> cause all the routes to be surveyed, "so
s to be ready to report on the final location ^j1
f the road, at the next meeting of the Com-1 !
any. , T%< bI
To tliese duties the President and Direc>rs
have strictly confined their attention,
istruments have been procured, the sur- ^jj
eying parties have been for some time in .
le field, and the work is going on industri- j
usly and satisfactorily. ; J
The President will "here further slate, that i
hile he has felt h'mself constrained to ac-! .
r -- .... ! til
2pt the otlice, irom an assuming; mui uu i
thcr arrangement satisfactory to the S'ock- w
aiders generally, could be made lie shall j 111
a ready to surrender his trust on the slight-1 Jjt;
it intimation that he docs not enjoy their,
mire confidence. ?f
With regard to compensation, he is per- P1
ctly willing to leave it to the Company 'n
j say whether he shall serve them gratui- ,(
'usly, or otherwise?and he should certain- c
' not expect or require what any " Stock- P
older" could possibly regard as unreasona- . !n
le. The President is free to confess, u,
owever, that important as he deems the J!|
reat enterprize, of connecting the city of J
Charleston with the West by a Rail Road to
p, he would abandon it at once in despair,if
e could be induced to believe that the Prcs- .c
lent and Directors, instead of being upheld j
lid supported by the Stockholders, were to !.
c watched with a jealous spirit and looked J
pon with suspicion. If instead of being j
istaincd by that generous confidence, j j11
hieh is essential to the succcss'of all great 1
? - ' . I nc
nterpriscs, they arc to encounter, atsirusi
is easy to foretel the result. In the pres- j
nt circumstances of the country, nothing j w
tin be easier than to shake public confi-!c>
ence in any great work. It is not to be; >v
ancealed, that the difficulties before us,!,s
rc well calculated to paralize the energies 3
f the community. Many Rail Roads have
eon already suspended, others it is known j
unnot be much longer carried on. It may i
icrrfore happen, that our great Rail Road j nr
my share the fate ofo'hers. We have so j re
ir, however, advanced prosperously, and j be
ur present condition is peculiarly foriunafe.1 tli
'he objectionable provisions introduced by | T
Kentucky into the charter, liave been re- j b\
cnled bv her Legislature, and the amend, j m
lenfs proposed by &out!i Carolina adopt- j at
J. * j Pr
The Act passed by the Legislature of j
outh Carolina, conferring Banking Priv- j
.eges 0:1 the Company, has, been con- j p
aired in by North Carolina, and wants "
ut the assent, cither of Tennessee or Ken- U l
:okv to he carried into eflr ct. Such a
'*; < v.- won'-.' ten is!? ;i'
icans for an extensive commercial inter-!
aurso between the South aiul West. In- j
i?cd, it is not easy to perceive how this !
ade can he carried on otherwise than by !
icans of Bills of Exchange and Bank '
?o;cs. drawn and issued by an Institufion
aving corporate existence in several
fates.
In tho mean time, our Brigades of Engl-1
cers are all organized, and in active and |
jcccssful operation along the whole lino, j
xecuting the scientific surveys directed by
ie Stockholders. At their meeting in
'nowille, t!ie Company informed the Di-;
actors that on these surveys " too much !
ttention could hardly be bestowed that!
a hasty and inconsiderate decision may j
ive present expenses, but it may be
?1 lowed bv the expenditure of milllions to 1
vercome difficulties which might at first :
rive becu avoided ; they regard it there-!
ire as a true economy, to incur in the first
istance all the expense which may be ne
sssnry to a complete examination ana sursy
of the whole ground, by the most ski!il
and experienced Engineers/'
The time that must necessarily elapse !
eforc these surveys can be properly cxe- j
jted, will, we trust, enable the country to
jvive from its present embarrassments.?
io further instalments will be called for; j
ntil this change shall be produced in!
le condition of the connfry, and the practi-j
ibiliry and cos' of the Road shall be clear- !
ascertained. In that event, with a sub-I
jhscription of one million ofdollarson the 1
art of South Carolina, and two-thirds of the
cpense of the Road within her own limits,;
?s limed by the State of Tennessee, (for.
liicli she stands pledged) with a Bank
iving corporate existence in three or more
fates, we should certainly have a reasonac
prospect of success. At all events, it is
i be hoped that no premature abandonment
'the enterprise?no jealous spirit ofdisust?no
despondency?but above all no
11 iL.. I
rounciiess imputation 01 un wormy iikhivcs, j
ill be allowed to disturb that harmony, I
?feat those efforts, and paralize those encr- j
ies on which the success of the work en- |
rely depends. Let us not too soon des- j
lir of the country, nor the true means of j
'storing the prosperity and securing the j
ippiness of the people.
ROBERT Y. flAYNE,
President Louisville, Cincinnati and j
Charleston Rail Road Company j
harlcston, May 31, 1837.
CONSUMPTION.
Prom the N. Y. Express*
IMPORTANT DISCOVER V.
Such have been the improvements in :
irgery, that there arc some hopes that a |
jre for consumption may at length be '
Tected by its aid. It is a line in which no j
[forts have as yet been made with a view j
i the absolute allicviation of this all per- j
ading disease. The attention of medical1
ten has never been dircc:ed to so appear- ;
itly hopeless a resource as a means of j
rresting the career of a malady hitherto j
yarded as exclusively within tiic province '
f the physician, and not having even a re- j
io'c bearing 'o die remediate virtues resid- (
ig in the knife. Bui such will probably |
2 the turn which things will take, and j
nder this conviction I am induced to lay 1
:'forc the public the following plan for I
ie cure of this unhappily too common dis- j
rder.
In order to render this matter intelligible !
the mass of people who are most deep- ;
interested in the discovery, it will be i
icessary to make them, in a measure,
:quainted with the opinions which have
ten hitherto entertained by physicians in
gard to the nature of this disease, and to
ve a brief description of the structure of j
e lungs, and the manner in which they i
feet the vital function of oxidizing the !
i 1
/\aH
WW
The lungs arc bodies of a loose or
iongy consistence, contained within the
lest. They are placed in the right and left
Jes, and are separated from each other
j a membranous partition, running from '
e breast-bone directly to the back-bone, j
he lung of the left side is the smaller, from ;
e heart being situated in that cavity. The
indpipegoes down the neck, and dividing !
to two branches enters into the back !
irt of the lungs close upon the spine,
he lungs lie loose in the chest, like a bag
bladder, whose orifice is at the windpo.
We will suppose it to be a bladder j
side of a bellows?if wc stop up tbc |
)Je or valve in the bottom board of the J
;llows, and suppose the mouth of the j
;idder to come out at the nose, it is then 1
precisely the same circumstances that the
ngs are within the chest. Raise the
indies, and the air passes in at the nose &
Is the bladder inside the bellows?depress
e handles, and the bladder is emptied,
ut let us open the valve underneath the
;1 low's, and the air, when the handles are
cvated, will rush into this opening, instead
' the smaller orifice of the nose. The
ngs are in the same relative situation, j
lake an opening in the inside of thcchesiy j
nl when the ribs arc raised in the act o i
ealhing, the air is drawn through this
;w passage in preference to passing by
c more circuitous way of the mouth and
indpipc. As the air is drawn in upon the
;ferior surface of the lung, the latter
rhich we will suppose the bladder again)
pressed down and more and more emptied l
j evervk breath, until it is reduced to its i
nallcst size, and all the cavity oulsidc of j,
is filled with air. <
The lung (for these arc cases which are
)t speculative, but of almost daily occur- I
nee) is compressed in this manner to a I
>dy not larger than the fist?which shows j
e exceeding sponginess of its structure. \
his opening has sometimes been made ,
i accident, sometimes to give issue to '
attcr or air collected within the cavity,
id for various other purposes. 'It is j
actieablo as a curative means only, from i
e fact that the lungs are contained in two
parateand distinctaparlments, divided as
fore stated by an empervious partition,
they were both in one cavity, and the air '
erciet in upon their outside, there would
? an end to life, as no breath could gain
t > the inside <.f the lung. 1? ; 1
ii has been proved in numerous instances ot 1
diseasese, and where operations have been 4
performed, that a person can live by the
breath of one lung and allow the other lo
lie idle, the idea originated of attempting
to cure a disease in the one lung, which is
under your mastery, while the o'her goes
on with its functions. The only tray in
which consumption is ever cured, is by the
collapsing or drying up of the lungs, the
cessation of breathing in ir, and the sinking i
of that side cf the chest. The other side
of the chest generally becomes enlarged.
Consumptive people live on for years, when |
to all intents and purposes they have not '
half a lung. And a distinguised writer
has expressed the opinion that one twentieth
part of the air usually taken into|thc lungs
at one respiration is sufficient to sustain
life.
The system of cure here proposed is
founded on a careful consideration of these j
facts. If the lung can be placed at rest
by the admission of air to the cavity of the <
chest, the great obstacle to the cure of
consumption is removed. So long as it is
bent p/iniiniinllv in mntinn K*' !-??
?I" v/j UIV, poooogv;
of the air through every portion of it, an \
ulcer or any other disease which may exist
cannot possibly heal. ]f the motion
did not aggravate the complaint, the stato ^
ot distension in which the lung is kept, and
the separation of the diseased or ulcerated
surfaces, maintained by this distension,
would prevent the union of the opposite
sides of the ulcers. A wound will not
unite unless the edges arc kept together?
and a sword wound of the lung is only
cured by the instantaneous sinking down
of tnc wounded organ and the consequent
contact which is produced between the sides
of the cut. Thus naturo seems to have . I
pointed out this means of cure, and to
have placed consumption, as it were, under
an impossibility of being removed by
medical remedies, or by any other means
than the knife.
XT -I - I * ? ?. - f
imow mecujecc 01 me operation ior consumption
is to make a permanent opening
into the side of the chest, so as to allow the
air to enter freely and compress the lung?to
give nature an opportunity (while the lung is
in a state of rest) to absorb the diseased
matter, or to heal the ulcerated parts by
cicatrization, and to afford the surgeon an
opportunity to resort-to the ligature or knife,
where they may be beneficial. In tho first
place, the surface on which nature has to
act in her curative attempts is very much
reduced ; in the next place, there is no in.
tenuption to her efforts, occasioned by the
process of breathing, or by the irritation of
t... I.,..,* e.
tilt; u-\ei, umcii sc;uiij5 ivj uu aiinply
an indication of her struggles and her
inability to conquer i great disease?since
\\c invariably see it manifested when the
body is laboring under a very extensive external
sore, or an internal disease or abscess,
where there is no possible chance
for the escape of the matter or the consolidation
of the parts, as in the case of the liver
and the lungs. In the next place, the
matter or pns, instead of compelling the
lungs to violent efforts for its expulsion
through the windpipe, and the want of
strength to do which is frequently, if net
generally, the immediate cause of death in
this disease, finds a ready issue by the ctr'ificial
opening. Again, the parts cannot so
well become callous in a state of quiescence,
and ifihey have already become so by the
constant motion, as in fistula, the compression
to which thev arc subjected will nro
, , ? I
mole their union, as in ulcers on the leg?
their collapse alone favors this result. To
be brief, where applications, incisions, in.
spections, &c. are required, | they aro
easily made. If it is found necessary to
remove any disease part, it can be effected.
11 is not necessary to enter into the details of
the operation. It is not as severe as onehalf
of those daily performed in this city ;
and as to its practicability, we will not
throw away reasons in discussing a matter
which admits of no dispute. Those who
arc awarethat an incision has been made
into the abdomen, and an ovarium of enormous
size successfully removed, (by Dr.
I). L. Rogers,)?that the bold and skilful
hand ofDr. Mott has entered the breast and
almost passed a ligature around the heart
itself? those who know that hip joints have
been removed by a dash of a knife, as in a
case by D. J. Kearney Rogers, will not
wonder that a diseased lung, which has
ceased to perform its functions, should be
* i t - \ r i
seized ana tanen out maimy irom us location
in the body?much less need they be
alarmed at the trival operation of making a
small incision in the side as the first step in
the way ofgiving life to the destined victim
of consumption.
Were the operation the most terrible, os
it is the most trifling, there would be no
cause for apprehension that a man's system
in so low a state as that of a consumptive
patient would not be able to bear the shock.
Persons reduced to the very confines of
the grave*by any long protracted disease
in one of the extremities, undergo amputation
better, and rise with renovated health
from i s effects sooner than those who arc
brought down in the full strength of their
bodily powers, and are compelled to submit
to a mutilation of one of their members.?
The danger ofrlie operation is less, the pain
is less, in proportion to the lowness of
health and strength of the patient. Instead
of giving stimulants to sustain the system, ^
wo should in many cases rather have recourse
to bleeding, in order to diminish the
quantity of blood circulating throug the lungs.
Without therefore, particularising the different
steps of the operation in these preliminary
observations, we shall content ourselves
with presenting a summary of the arguments
which have been advanced in favor
of the success of these remediate mcasurcs
for the effectual cure of consumption,
and leave readers to judge of the degree of
confidence to which they are entitled. I
would not be guilty of flattering, against my
own conviction, delusion and fallacy of
anticipation which are often observed among
consumlivc subjects and which frequently
load them to hope, in defiance of ail the
evidence of approaching dissolution that
they are at that very time on the point of
: restoration to heal h, and to hold up