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CHER AW GAZETTE. * J M. MACLEAN. EDITOR &. PROPRIETOR. CHERAW, S. C., TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 13, 1836. VOL. I. NO. 44. ' ' Ul '| i G. II. TAYLOR, PRINTER. Published every Tuesday. TEU1IS. If paid within throe months?, . . . 3. 00 ]: paid withinthree months after tho close ot the year, 3. f>0 I not paid within that time, .... 4. 00 A company of six persons taking the paper at the same Post Office, shall be entitled to it at i$lo, paid in advance, and a company of ten persons at $!"20 ; provided the names he forwarded togetli. er, accompanied by the money. No paper to be discontinued but at the option of the Editor till arrearages are paid. Advertisements inserted for 75 cents per square the rirst time, and 37$ for each subsequent insertion. Persons sending in advertisements are requested to specify the number of times they are to be inserted; otherwise they will be continued till ordered out, and charged accordingly. I j*The Postage must be paid on all commanications sent by mail. HiKAL IX'ONOHY. Prom the Southern Agriculturalist. ! THE NUT GRASS. % V/Jj'fnr ? A writer under the signn wU/ Xiwwv? j ^ _ ture of" Blue House," has. in your February j number, given some directions concerning the management of nut grass, which I have pursued, and found, in part, beneficial. He iias, however, committed a capital error in recommending large beds in the first in. stance. The reverse of this, is the proper course. The beds when made small and flat, will admit of successive haulings, which alone, are found to be efficient. The grass when hoed, will in a couple of days appear again, with renovated strength. But its being buried alive, is what it cannot stand. It is a savage mode of war, which it does not appear to recognize among the usages of honourable war. But an enemy whom no treaty can bind, but who is the determined foe of human intercourse, has no right to claim the civilties of human intervention. I would bury him, Mr. Editor. It is the only sure way of getting rid of him. A friend of mine the other day, called mv attention to his mode of treating this scourge, the eflects of which, were most obvious. A piece of ground which he had lying fallow, and which was much infested with this grass, he had thickly blanketed over with pine-trash. He told me he had tried every thing, and in all had failed to destroy this grass; until, at length, he had nearly determined to abandon nis ptantation. Just about this time, he heard of the wonderful cures made by the S:eam Doc. tors, and he at once conceived the idea of steaming his enemy ; lie accordingly had a portion of this nut grass patch, covered with pine-trash to the thickness of six inches, any thing shorter will not cause the perspi. ration to flow fast enough ; and believe me, Sir, when I saw the portion of ground alluded to, which was four mouths after the the operation, I did not see a spear of grass, whilst the portion adjoining, was literally : covered with it. Is "Blue House'' in earnest, when he expresses the belief that hogs will destroy the j grass ? If he is, tell him, my neighbors will be at the trouble of driving their hogs to his assistance, if he will but say so. Yours, JAMES ISLAND. Postscript to an article in the So. Agriculturist. P. S. If your correspondent Calomel allow his liogs and poultry to range under his fruit trees, he will not longer eomj Iain of their being gummy and falling from the j tree half grown. The hogs will devour the fruit as it falls with the worms in it. the poultry will destroy the little beetle which causes the fruit to rot, and Calomel must, himself, pick out the worms which he will find in his trees near the surface of the earth. Ours is truly a fruit country, but it is really astonishing how little good fruit is to be seen; had our climate been less favoured, our own exertions would have been greater. A great change for the better has, however, taken place within a few years, and I flatter myself, Mr. Editor, that we shall soon see our markets supplied with abundance of all the finest kinds of fruit which our bountiful climate requires so little exertion or skill, to bring to a degree of perfection not known in less favoured regions. From the Gloucester Telegraph. A DROWNING MAN'S APPEAL. Messrs. Editors.?As I was walking the other day, I was accosted by a man whom I did not know, but whose face gave evident tokens that he was a rum-drinker. After some common place questions and answers, he began to speak upon the subject of grog shops and licenses; and his observations were so pertinent and forcible, that I think it worth my while to lay them before your readers. "This rum-selling," said the man is a terrible busiuess. It is bad enough to drink rum, but I am sure it is a great deal worse to sell it. I have good reason to think so ; for these grog-staps are ruining me and several of my neighbors. I am a strong, hearty man, as able to get a living as any body ; and I try to do the best I can. Some, times I do not drink a drop for three months together, but every now and then rum gets the better part of me?and while I am drunk or half drunk, not only I earn nothing, but I waste my money and run into debt, and every year I get more and more behind hand. ' If I did not see it, I should not want it; but I have to pass that grog shop on the hill twice every day. I always go bjv it with fear and trembling; for, though I may get safe by forty-nine times, the fiftieth time I cannot help stopping in ; and if I once get in.there, it is all over with me. The town lV ~ has voted not to have any licenses ; well, if they will only stick to that, it will be the making of us. I understand the rum sellers have hired a lawyer to go betbre the County Commissioners, and arc looking w. . .. around to pick up witnesses to prove their ci good moral character. Why, sir, it seems w to me now-a-days, when the effects of rum- pi selling are so well known; it is proof posi- w tive against any man's character, that he r; wants to keep a grog-shop. 1 have suffered th by it, sir, and I may speak strongly, but in tu my opinion, rum-selling is no better than tc highway robber}*. In fact, it is worse?for th if a man meets me boldly in the road, and m puts his pistol to my breast and demands ? my money, I have the chance of resisting at him; or at any rate, he only takes what I re then have in my pocket, and I soon can earn ar more and make up for my loss. But these la grog-sellers set themsehes down by the road side, and stick a rum bottle in the window for a bait, or they pretend, perhaps, to sell flour and groceries, to get us to go in. j cr Well, sir, when we are once in there, they ac plunder us not only of our money, but of pc our time, our character, our health ; and to more yet, they run us in debt, and so plunder in us before-hand of our earnings. nc " If you will only keep rum out of my ce I sight, 1 shall get along well enough; but I is ! can't see it every day and not want to drink al! it; no man can resist a temptation that is all T the time besetting him. Put down these w; grog-shops, and I shall do as well as any cli body. As long as I can keep sober, I am sa willing to work, and am able to provide for ou , my family; but if that grog-shop shop stands so there five years longer, 1 shall either be tei dead or else in the poor house." sti The above, Messrs. Editors, is no fic'ion. er I have endeavored to give as faithfully as tin I could, the substance of what the man said lieto me. I must confess I was very much ev struck by it. The appearance anu earnestness of the speaker gave it a force which us it looses when put upon paper; but even su there, I think no man of any feeling can ev read it without a mixture of pity and indig. m< nation. t From the Metropolitan. Joseph Bonaparte's seat, at Bordentown, | and some interesting particulars respecting j' the fallen King, as well as Prince Murat, ^ are thus given by a correspondent of the Portland Advertiser. j.1 This is one of the oldest towns in New Jersey. It is delightfully situated on the banks of the Delware, about thirty miles above Philadelphia, from which steamers j nlvlnff tft ttiifi nlflcp. making v-uiiauuni; f.tiKj, j r 0 rlic passage of;en in less than two hours.? . The principal objects of importance in this village, worthy the attention of a stranger, ^ are the residence of the CountSurveillers and his nephew the Prince Murat. The 5 lbriner has resided here during most of the , . Q J years of his exile. His dwelling is a plain three story brick edifice, stuccoed and paint- ^ ed a pale slate color, and entirely destitute jj of architectural ornament. It contains an extensive suite of rooms, richly furnished and adorned with productions from the pencils of the old masters and some pieces , from the most celebrated modem French and Italian artists. The library is uuequal- as ed in tins country. It comprises nearly a j." perfect series of classics in each cultivated modern language, and is enriched bv statues and paintings. The Count has recently left his abode for Europe. His flattering reception no doubt c during bis last visit to England having exer- . ted a powerful influence over him in taking this step. In this country we own that . kings or ex-kings are such vanities that we j do not khow how to receive them. The Count lived in the midst of us like a princely j hermit. lie could not be appreciated by (j]( Americans, and so he has gone to an atmosphere where princes and nobles throned or dethroned, are among the *Dii Pat- ^ rup'". . be ll:s estate is probably tiie most extensive of any private possession in this country. I . am inlbrmed that one can ride lifteen miles . over his cultivated grounds, through the most charming labyrinth of avenues without once retracing tlie same road. A few Ccl years since his dwelling, a more elegant ^ ' structure than the present, was destroyed by ^ lire. It crowned a bold promonotory overlooking the Delaware, for several miles in ^ its majestic course, and several leagues of the extensive highly picturesque scenery of the shores of Pennsylvania. The site of this dwelling is now marked by a tall tower j or observatory, from which there is a widely ^ extended prospect of the surrounding country. At the foot of this tower, suspended like an eagle's nest on a projection of the cliiF is a romantic summer house. One side is relieved by a slab upon which is in- j. scribed eight or ten lines lromTasso?a reflection unon the mutability of human af , "" ^ r ~ ? t fairs?a portion of which might bo thus paraphrased?"Reader while you are ad- j miring the beauty of these grounds envv not sc their possessor." Formerly marble statues of great value were placed at intervals among the trees. But during the late absence of the proprietor, they were thrown down or mutilated by vagabonds, for they deserve no milder epi- an thet, in the shape of Sabbath-day visitors ev from the city and neighboring towns, and no the ornamented grounds were otherwise in- wl jured. The Americans?the "loafers" J ac mean?seem to have the bump of destrue- ?a tion most enormously developed. It is not T expected a gentleman should keep a watch fr< upon liis estate to prevent barbaric incur- is sions of visitors. His safety is in the civil- dii it}* and respect of the community. The pli Count while here,lived in great confinement tip and was seldom seen by the villagers. pr The prince Murat ot present resides here, ci fie has expended a vast fortune in building so and improving grounds for which he has m a decided mania.?He resides now in a 01 plain two story house in the village?he re- su ceiving a moderate estate from his mother's 01 estate abroad. He is a fine looking man, fa a large portly figure, with the best humored ar c&urtcnarcein the world, lie is very qp-! Ie iul, in exchanging the visits of the citizen 'ith whom he is very popular, with true r ublican sociability.?He has a charmir ife and a lovely family of the rising gen ition, and in the retirement of his famil le society of the citizens and the field ar irf sports of the neighborhood, he seen > be far happier than if seared upon tl lorny cushion of a throne. This gentl ian exhibits the strange anomaly in societ -of a prince, forgetting that he is such; ai; iapting himself, as if "born to it," to th publican simplicity of American sociel id manners, as they exist in a small vi ?rs in New Jersey. P. o ? PUBLIC MORALS. That the increase of some species < ime in our country is more rapid than tli Ivancement of our population, is very af irent to every one who has given attentio the subject. The circumstances attenc gfhe melancholy catastrophe in New-Yor )t long since, disclosed one of the sour :s of moral corruption which, like the upai blasting indiscriminately and irreparabl I who come within its deadly influence.he house in which the degraded femal is murdered, is not a solitary one of thr laracter?hundreds in that city and thou nds scattered in the larger towns through it our land, are supported by those per ns who ought to be now forming charac rs worthy the rich inheritance of free in tutions bequeathed by our virtuod! fatli s. Such houses are supported too b ose who are honored with stations of put : U'USI anu auuiuruy in muiu;jpui,s>:aiv, an en national affairs! It is a question of some importance t k,?what arc the upholding causes fa ch a state of things? anu how can thus o , ils, of which all are sensible, best be re edied? The prevalence of Infidelity, is the groun )rk ol" loose morality, vice and crime. So itiesof men who are attempting to brca rough all the moral restraints imposed b 2 laws of God and man, disannulling a ?se ties which give society a state of socic ganization?are busily engaged in instil ig into the minds of youth those vile prin Dies which are so forcibly illustrated in th se of the deluded Robinson. The gam ng room, the tippling house, and the bra si, are schools fur those who are taugl; it thorp i? mnr.il nmnnntnbilitv?and thor their degraded rcveilings, they are consol by the tliought that no small number c ) recipients of public honors passed thro rh scenes to the places of dignity the \v hold? The elevation to high office o ibertine, a debauchee, a gambler, hold t so many models for the ambitious youtl our land?so many palliatives for th entious course they feel disposed to pur e. That "Rank gives force, to example," i t to be disputed. When Christianity \va nost extinct in the earth, a Constantino cended the throne?bis sanction and ex ipleshcd a benignant influence, and mil us of the human race by their reformei es, showed the impressive force of higl ample. In later days, when ourcountr is attempting to throw olF the yoke of for pi oppression, a Washington hesitated nc public as well as private, to acknowledge ; dependence on the Most High and in ke his aid. Then the evils attendant oi idelity were but little known in our land? i virtues of the leader, shed every where < Id moral lustre: such a character wa :n venerated, and it was the ambition c ) voung to imitate it. $ut what is the public example now c my who are high in office? Cannot tin ellist,?the gambler?the debauchee,? pointed out in stations high? If sue ines are thus made reputable, is it nc ic for us to look to it? Does not our nn nal character, our individual safety, de md it? To say nothing of any other candidate Iculate for a moment the influence upo 1 nation of the elevation by the preser: minant party, of their candidate for th tond ofFice in the people's gift. An avow and open libertine?his own family bear ; the dark impress of his utter disregan nnonl'tl,/! ?li'o?ins?t rmnmnnm spr WI JV_- Ul 11 lO Ul.^lUlVb ?,.v, d table. Ifsuch men are to receive tli *h honors of our nation, and the influenc their example is as great upon Society a lybe reasonably calculated?debaucher 11 hardly be considered a crime?ou uth will be led astray?and robberies an jrders will become the common incident the day. Republicans should over remember tlu iank gives force to example"?andse it, as they regard the permanency of ou stitutions, that such men only have rank a ! a GOOD example. Portsmouth, (N. H.) Journal. wonderful effects of culture. Many plants that are highly nutriciou id useful, under culture, are useless, an en poisonous, when growing in the Jural state. The apple is theimprovemn ;iicli culture lias produced upon the \vi! erb crab. The uncultivated peach i id to be poisonous in some parts of Asic ne cabbage is believed to have sprun the worthless colewort. The potat but a small bitter root in its natural cor tion in the wilds of Chili. Most of th ants which furnish food to man, are mul ilied in their products, and greatly iir oved in their quality, when subjected t ilture. Every year brings to our notic me species, hitherto useless, which hi an industry is rendering subservient t ir wants. Providence has bountifull pplied us with the materials necessary t ir condition, if wc will but prepare tliei r our use. Industry and perseveranc e assured of their reward ; and intlc ncc may be sure of meeting the penal! ?? is, incident to the disobeyance of a reasonable e- command. ig What a beautiful lesson do these facts e- teach to the young. The wild uncultered y, mind, is like the wild crab, wild potato, or id colewort?a comparatively useless or noxis ious cumbrance in society. And vet, if ie brought under suitable culture, how useful b- ?useful to its possessor, and useful, like ty the plants we have spoken if, to the family id of man. The ignorant, selfish being, who ie lives but for himself, may, like the fire-fly, y emit a transient light, and is forgotten. He I. never realizes the sublime pleasures that are purchased by knowledge, and efforts to do good. While the learned industrious man, appreciating the high duties he owes )f to society, actuated by an ardent desire to lC fulfil them, confers blessings on his species, ). and, living or dead, is theme of gratitude n and praise.?Cultivator. ]. A Revolutionary Veteran.?We had a conversation yesterday, at the Planters' & Mechanics' Dank, with one of the Heroes of ' the Revolution, Mr. Thomas Garret, of Sumter District, aged one hundred and e Jive years and eight months, who came to lt this city on horseback, alone, for the pur[m pose of receiving his pension. The old lm gentleman appears to be in the perfect possession of all his faculties, answers questions readily, and is quite humorous in his conversation. Unserved for a considerable peri^ od under Gen. fe'umter, the "Game Cock y of the South," as he termed him, and was u profuse in his praise of that brave an chivalj rous Commander. lie was also at the battle of Fort Moultrie and at the siege of 0 Savannah, at the storming of the latter place ,r he stated that while viewing a wounded ^11 ? littr imt/vnir lining aT 0 it'iiUW JhUiUM'ly U 11U id v ii^n|M vi slain, the gallant Pulaski rode up, and remarked, " my brave fellow lake care, you j are in a dangerous position," to which Gar. rett made answer "General, if you intend to |- be in a place of safety, I'll keep near you." y Pulaski, put spurs to his horse and rushed jl into the thickest of the fight; but a few inert meats only intervened, when Garrett saw |. the nooble foreigner fall from his horse, mortally wounded. Mr. Garrett informed e us that his mother attained the cxtraordinary age of 120 years, and his grandmo:hcr 110.?Charleston Courier. Riiirnrihi nf n ITitr.tr.. At tlltj sittil)? of c ^"6?..., ^ o the committee of the Plymouth and Tamar "p Humane Society in this town, on Wednes. ? day last, a singular instance of brute sagacity or instinct, call it what you may, was p brought before the meeting, in connection with a case in which a man's life had been I preserved by two other persons going to c his rescue in a damaged boat. It appeared that as a man was driving a cart, loaded with lime, from the kiln near Headman's bav Coxside, the lime set tire to the cart, s # , The man, to save his property, with great promptitude tilted the lime iuto the road, and hastened back to the beach at Deadman's bay, where lie drove his horse into j the water and extinguished the flames, but the cart coming in contact with a heap of stones lying under water, turned over, and ; precipitated the driver into the sea. A man and boy seeing the accident, instantly put off in ail old leaky boat standing on the kitf iiilw.K fliftif nt-.timil /111 flir? snnf. ^ 3I1UIC? UUl nil^ll IIIV.JI UI1IVUU vn HIV ^ the driver had just sunk for trie third time. Neither of the parties could swim, but the a man in the boat seeing the body about three feet under water, with great presence of I* mind fixed his feet under the thwart, and by throwing his arins and shoulders over, ^ succeeded in catching the poor fellow by the c hair of his head, and held him on while the boy sculled on shore, the boat by this time . being nearly full of water. Meanwhile the horse in his alarm, had made seaward with the cart, and he was given up for lost, when strange as it may seem, another horse s'anding on the beach, with harness on, who had been attentively surveying the scene, plung' ed into the water and made after his friend (t in distress, whom he soon overtook, and applying his mouth to the affrighted animal's , ears, he seemed to whisper something; he then turned about neighing loudly toencourJ age his companion, when th6 latter .also turned & followed his gallant leader to the beach, where they both arrived in safety. The man and bov were rewarded bv the com mittee with 10s eacn ior ineir nouiu aim spirited conduct.? Western Luminary. ir ? j Skipping.?"Wherearc you going Letty, my dear, this morning," said an indulgent lather to his pretty daughter, who had lt her Tuscan on and her parasol in hand.? c< "0 Pa the old place Ruination Row, as you cull it?there is a splendid new store just opened, plate glass windows as large as a church door, nnd such a rich display as you never saw." "Rut, my dear, you want nothing." "Oh, nothing, but I do love to rummage the goods and make the Clerks open the shawls and unfold the silks?they |s are so obliging: but I do want something? d give me three shillings to buy a half yard of 'r Gros de Nap to line my bonnet?the smail11 est favors you know are gratefully accepted. d " * is American Heroism.?The Algemeinc ' Zcitzung, a Gazette published in Vienna, g gives an account of a pleasure boat in the o river there, bv which the Pricess Adelaide i- Sophia was precipitated into tiie water and e would navo been drowned, if it had not been I- for the heroic exertions of Mr. Bell, a young i- American gentleman, son of Dr. Bell, of o Charleston, S. C. who happening to be near e in another pleasure boat immediately pluni god into the river, (without knowing the o quality of tl?e lady,) and rescued her from y a watery grave. Flo was the next day o invited to the imperial palace, where he was n presented by the lovely Sophia herself with c a breast pin studded with diamonds, valued >- at twenty thousand dollars. Ourcorrespony dent to whom we are indebted for the paper, ^ states that "it is impossible to conceive how J high the Nation Americanische stands m i this capital. The Austrian Court is cer- s ainlv the proudest in Europe, yet the arch- li duke has lately, been heard to say that an I American gentleman is fully on a par with u an Austrian Nobleman. I should not there- c fore be surprised if something further grew o out of this matter?particularly as yong Bell o is remarkably handsome and intelligent. ii r : p Coal?The apprehension of a scarcity of tl this article, which prevails in so great a de. jt gree abroad, is probably, says the Pottsville s Miners Journal, without foundation. The tl apprehension has arisen from the numerous & paragraphs in the newspapers of our large n cities, sounding the alarm, and spreading g panic throughout all classes of the commu- n nity. To increasethis feeling, it wasconti. n dently stated, that the supply was filling a short of 20U,UUU tons. JLfiose who Know M nothing on the subject, readily believed this n statement. At the very time this rumor tl was put in circulation, the supply had in- s; creased, and was rapidly increasing. It J was generally thought, that the increase p of the present year would amount to one w hundred thousand, tons at least. Nothing e has subsequently occurred to weaken this a opinion, but much to confirm it. The whole s< supply will probably amount to 700,000 a tons; an increase of about 170,000 over p last year's supply. g ^ a From the Charlotte Journal. p At a special meeting of the delegates from 0 North Carolina, to the Rail Road Conven- 0 tion at Knoxville, on 9th of July, 1836?it o ; was unanimously | & Resolved?-"that the Chairman of the j s | meeting do select and appoint three mem | a hers, of said delegation, who should act as ti a joint committee, to prepare and present a v memorial to the next Legislature of North ri Carolina, asking the aid of the State loco-^e operate with other States in constructing tl the Rail Road from Cincinnati to Charles- p ton, so far as the interest of North Carolina tl may he concerned?provided that said o Road shall be made to pass the Blue ridge tl East of the Butt mountain,?and provided p further, that said Road shall pass down to a Charleston, somewhere on the East side of s main Broad River, so as to give facilities to a a branch from said road which may r>e y i connected with the general improvement of il the State. * p [ Therefore?I. Robert Williamson, chair- tj I man of said meeting, do appoint David L. c j Swain, J. Bissell and I. T. Aver}*, to com. y j pose the committee contemplated in the c above resolntion. ? ROB'T. WILLIAMSON, Ch'n. u LirwolrUon, Aug. 24, 1636. p e MR. VAN BVREX'S OPINIONS. j. i Mr. Sherrod Williams, Member of Con- ti gress from Kentucky, addressed a letter to Mr. a : Van Iiuren dated April 7th. putting to himt as II : a candidate for the Presidency, several questions in relation to the course which, if elected, v he would pursue. Mr. V. B. replied after a ? fortnight that he would not answer the ques- ^ : tions till after die adjournment of Congress, ( | because he might be called upon as IYesident i of the Senate, to vote on some of the subjects ^ j embraced in the questions. To this Mr. W. c ; returned a reply of which this is the conclu- t< 1 sion: " If the reason you assign for answering ii ! my questions until the adjournment of the pre- tf ' sent Congress be a good one, the same rea- a j son will continue to exist and apply with equal ? force until the 4th of March next; for at the ^ j next Session of Congress (whether you shall 0 I be elected Psesident of the U. States or not) i you may be called upon, as President of the ^ . Senate to vote upon all or some of the subjects ^ mentioned in inv letter. I am in good faith anx- tj ious to obtain your opinion upon the points 0 ! submitted in my letter, and therefore again fi most earnestly and respectfully solicit your an- p I ewer as soon as practicable." The following s< | is the close of Mr. V. B's. brief reply: " You ^ I may therefore dismiss from your mind all appre- ^ ' hension of not receiving it (the answer to the P II j questions) in full time for the olyecl you hace in j view." jj The answer finally came, and is dated Angust 8. It would occupy more than ten col- g umns of our paper. We proceed to furnish S( extracts. We this week give the entire an- o swer to the first question, which was in the a following words: ii Will you (if elected President of the Uni. w ted States.) sign and approve a bill distri- >' bating the surplus revenue of the United f( States to each State according to the federal population of each, for internal improve. 11 ments, education, and to such other objects ti | as the Legislatures of the several Spates d ! may see fit to apply the same ? c -MR. VAX EUREX'S ANSWER. J In my opinion, Congress does not pos- j D | sess the power, under the constitution to n j raise money for distribution among the ^ | States; and if a distinction can he main. | tained between raising money for such tj j purpose, and the distribution of an unex- ^ i peeted surplus, (of which I am not satis- . i ^*>.1 T thin!.- it nnffiitnot to be atteniDted I * -- "13 , r| j without u previous amendment of tue con. i stitution, defining the authority and regula. " | ting its exercise. Apprehending danger to the Union from the course of federal le- ^ gislation upon the subject of internal im- w provements, and fearing that it could not s, otherwise be arrested, I was inclined, at the ^ commencement of President Jackson's administration, to favor the idea of a distri- g bution annually among the States, of the n surplus revenue, and an amendment of the ^ constitution conferring on Congress autho- n rity to make it. President Jackson, entertaining similar apprehensions, submitted suggestions to this effect to the consider::* w tion of Congress, They met with appro* c I.'ow themselves to hope that these great rinciplcs can be maintained under the peration of any of the proposed systems f distribution, have looked upon the aigns f the times in a different light from myelf. It is my firm conviction, that any ystem by which a distribution is made tnong the S ates, of moneys collected by ie Federal Government, would introduce1 ices into the legislation of both governlents, productive of the most injurious ffects, as well upon the best interests of ie countiy, as upon the perpetuity of our olitical institutions. I sincerely hope, rrerefore, that the good sense and patritism of the American people will prevent ie adoption of any such plan. Tlie deosite bill (recently passed) will remove ny pretense fur a speedy necessity lor uch a step, and give time to provide gainst the recurrence of a redundance. It rould, indeed, be a great misfortune; if mt law were regarded by the country as lodging the future course of its legisla- . on to the policy to which you refer. The ircumstances under which it was passed, -ere of an extraordinary character, and nnnot well again occur. To give a leislative organization to the fiscal agency >r the collection and disbursement ot tlie ublic revenue, which had been establish, d through the Treasury Department by Executive authority, as a substitute for iat of the Bank of the United States, was n object of the very highest importance. I was the successful winding up of one of ic most arduous conflicts between the 'ell understood will of the people on ther ne side, and the moneyed power of the ation aciing in concert which a formidale portion of its political power on the ther, that has ever taken place, certainly iat has ever resulted in the triumph of le DODular wiH inanv country. To ac ? r * ' n omplish this by the assent of all .parties, ) make all responsible for the future woffeig of the system, by consulting liberally leir opinions and wishes in its formation, nd to put an end to those tierce and incesant assaults upon the management of the seal affairs of the Government, by meansf which every interest was disturbed, was result which could not be too ardently esired. The President had, for several jssions, called the attention of Congress to lis subject without effect; and ths opposi^ on party in Congress, by availing itself f partial diversities of opinion among the iends of the administration, acquired the ower to prescribe conditions to its final ettlemcnu That toa which their demands ere ultimately roduced, was a distribtu on of the depositcs of a portion of the ublic moneys among the States. After leffectual efforts in both Houses, on the art of the great muss of the supporters of le Government in each, to separate that art of the bill which provided for the regulation of the deposite banks from the cctious which made a different disposition f the surplus revenue, the friends of the dmiuistration, differing among themselves i regard to details and construction, but rith the same general object in viewy ielded their support, by large majorities, ) the bill, in the modified form in which came from the House of Representaves. The amendment of the House, al. loug'i it did not strip the bill of all its angerous tendencies, made an essential hange in the character in respect to tho uestioa of constitutionality. In its preious form, it took the money by approbation out of the Treasury, and thereby ecessarily raised the question whether ? Li ?I- Ko m*()o r\C 1U US'J WIUCU WOS vu uv n???v v? , was amongst the " expenditures" air* lorized by tiie federal constitution* By le bill, as amended, no money is drawn om the Treasury, but the State treasues, like the State bunks, arc, to a limited xtent, made places of depositc; of the onstitutional power to do which, with the onsent of the States, there can benoqueson. The Prorideut, assuming, as he as bound by a proper respect for the in;itutions of the country to do, that good iith would be kept in the dealings which authorized between the Federal and tate Governments, gave his assent to the teasure. I would have given to the ill a similar direction, if it had become ty duty to decide on the question of ha assagu or rejection. It now remains for ublic opinion, to the efficacy of which 'c all have so much reason to look with cnfidcncc and hope, (o detcrramo the nation in some quarters, but were de- J lounced in others, with extraordinary J everity, as encouraging a policy parficu. irlv unjust and ruinous to a part of the A Jnion, and subversive of the principles I ipon which it was founded. Time and f. w ircumstances have worked changes of pinion on the subject, from which my wn mind has not been exempted. The itelligence and patriotism of the peop'c * roved adequate to the desired reform, in ie legislation of Congress upon the subjet of internal improvements, without re. orting to the proposed distribution : and ie experience of the last session has fully atisfied me of the impropriety of any such icasure. 44 The support of the State overnrr.ents in all their rights, as the tost competent administration of our do lestic concerns, and the surest bulwarks gainst anti-republican tendencies ;* and the. preservation of the General Govern, lent, in its whole constitutional vigor, as to sheet anchor of our peace at home and ffety abroad," were described by Mr. efferson as among the essential princ:les of our Government, which ought a!ays to shape its administration. The xperience of more than thirty years has ttested the wisdom and justice of these L*ntiments?and it behooves those who re entrusted with the management of ublic affairs, to beware how they disreard the admonition. Thev who can yet