University of South Carolina Libraries
.jjJM CHERAW GAZETTE. Jiiii , _ ' '"My ^ __ ^ ??????? ^???i - . f! ' . 1 i ?''?. | M. MACLEAN, EDITOR & PROPRIETOR.. CHERAW, S. C., TL'ESDAY, AUGUST 23, 183C. G. II. TAYLOR, PRINTER. j J, j tv Published every Tuesday. { sj T E II HI S. j CJ If paid within thrco months, ... 3. 00 aj It paid withinthree months after the close ol tho year, - 3. 50 . ' I not paid within that tirno, .... <1. 00 111 A company of six persons taking the paper at hi the same Post Office, shall be entitled to it at ?15, \\ paid in advance, and a company of ten persons j ut ?20 ; provided the names bo forwarded tojjeth- , er, accompanied by the money. 0 No paper to be discontinued but at the option ol of the Editor till arrearages are paid. 1 to Advertisements inserted for 75 cents per square j the first time, and 37$ for each subsequent inser- j ^ tion. Persons sending in advertisements are request- b( ed to specify the number of t imes they are to be j til inserted ; otherwise tliev will be continued till | m ordered out, and charged accordin let rr^Tl.n P/MitM<ra must be paid Oil ail COllimU- j k (M * a ^ locations sent by mail. jln i m ? ?????| ^ Extracts from an article on Slavery in the April ! rp number of the. Biblical Repertory conducted ! . bii an association of Gentlemen in Princely. J. (* We do not intend to enter upon any lu minute or extended examination ofscriptu- j. ral passages, because ail that we wish to as- '1S sume, as to the meaning of the word of | !\l God is so generally admitted as to render j,s. the laboured proof of it unnessarv. j It is on all hands acknowledged that, at the time of the advent of Jesus Christ,?. * slavery in its worst forms prevailed over J y the whole world. The Saviour found it, n; around him in Judea; the apostles met ^ with it in Asia, Greece and Italy. IIow j j, did they treat it? Not by the denunciation j j of slaveholding as necessarily and univer- 1 v ^ if ' sally sinful. Not by declaring that all ^ slaveholders were men-stealers and robbers j and cansequently to be excluded from the church and the kingdom of heaven. Not ar by insisting on immediate emancipation. / Not bv appeals to the passions 01 men on tjj the evils of slavery, or by the adoption of ol a system of universal agitation. On the contrary, it was by leaching the true na- Jt ture, dignity, equality and destiny of men; sa by including the principles of justice and j love; and by leaving these principles to th produce their legitimate effects in anieliorting the condition of all classes of society. We need not stop to prove that such was J at the course pursued by our Saviour and his j dt apostles, because the fact is generally ac- i i;s knowledged, and various reasons are as- j lie signed, by the abolitionist and others, to ! th account for it. The subject is hardly al- K Juded to by Christ in any of his personal I lie instructions. The apostles refer to it, not cu to pronounce upon it as a question of nior- is als, but to prescribe the relative duties of th masters and slaves. They caution those to slaves who have believing Christian mas- j he ters, not to despise them because they were a?. on a perfect religious equality with them j but to consider the fact that their masters ne were there brethren, as an aditional reason for obedience. It is remarkable that there is not even an exhortation to masters to to - * ' *- ? I 1 ill liberate their slaves, mucn less js u ui^-u as an imperative and immediate duty.? s,; They are commanded to be kind, merciful ar and just; and to remember that thev have : a Master in heaven. I'aul represents this *n relation as of compratively little account, j ?f 'Let every man abide in the same calling Cl wherein he was called. Art thou called , being a servant (or slave), care not for it: !n though, sliould the opportunity of freedom ; 111 be presented, embrace it. These exter- w nal relations, however, are of little impor- j V( tance, for every Christian is a freeman in the highest and best sense of the word, j f and at the same time is under the strong, i est bonds to Christ,' 1 Cor. vii. 20?22. j' It is not worth while to shut our eyes to t these facts. They will remain, whether Qi we refuse to sec them and be instructed {j by them or not. If we are wiser, better, J moro courageous than Chrisr and his apos- j ^ ties, let us say so; but it will do uo good ej under a paroxysm of benevolence, to at- i ' tempt to tear the bible to pieces or to exort tj by violent exegesis, a meaning foreign to g its obvious sense. Whatever inferences Sl may be fairly deducible from the fact the ! n< fact itself cannot be denied that Christ and j tj, his inspired followers did treat the sub- i u] ject of slavery in the manner stated above* 1 * * * "' ?... ^<1 l-ofi>] I.. I | 1 his neing ine case, wc uujjm vuiuuuj vw ; (jj consider their conduct in this respect, and (M inquire what lessons that conduct should j ;Jj teach us. hi We think no one will deny that the plan | jh adopted by the Saviour and his immediate cm followers must be the correct plan, and ej therefore obligatory upon us, unless it can w be shown that their circumstances were w so different from ours, as to make the rule j tli of duty different in the twb cases. The j te obligation to point out and establish this j sc difference, rests of course upon those who al hnve^adopted a course diametrically the j ti< reverse of that which Christ pursued.? , w They have not acquitted themselves of this I tr obligation. They do not seem to have ci felt it necessary to reconcile their conduct1 1 with his; nor does it appear to have occur- j ai red to them, that their violent denunciations of slaveholding and of slaveholders ^ f is an indirect reflection on his wisdom, virtue, or courage. If the present course of the abolitionsists is right, then the course of ti< Christ and the apostles was wrong. For di the circumstances of the two cases are, as ? far as we can see, in all essential particu- la lars, the same. They appear red as teach- u ers of morality and religion, not as poli- 11 ticians. The same is the tact with our G abolitionists. They found slavery author- P ized by the laws of the hand. So do wet i1 They were called upon to receive into the communion of the Christian Church, Loth 'J slaveowners and slaves. So are we.? L They instructed these different classes of j " ;> we. Where then is the difference beveen the two cases? if we are right in insting tliat slaveholding is one of the greatit of all sins; that it should be immedi :ely and universally abandoned as a cotiition of church communion, or admission ito heaven, how comes it that Christ and is apostles did not pursue the same course? fe see no way to tiscapc from the collusion that the conduct of the modern abitionists, being directly opposed to that our religion, must be wrong and ought be modified or abandoned. An equally obvious deduction from the ct above referred to, that slaveholding is )t necessarily sinful. The assuinpiion of e contrary is the great reason why the * j i .i._: oiicrn abolitionists nave auopieu uicir pedlar course. They argue thus: slaveddiug is undej(all circumstances sinful, it lust, th< relore, under all circumsances, and all hazards, be immediately abandoned, his reasoning is perfectly conclusive. If ere is error any where, it is in the premise and not in the deduction. It requires > argument to show that sin ought to be at ice abandoned. Every thing, therefore, conceded which the abolitionists need retire, when it is granted that slaveholding in itself a crime. Hut how can this asimption be reconciled with the conduct of lirist and the apostles ! Did they shut their , es to the enormities of a great offence ;ainst God and man ? Did they tempor with a heinous evil, because it was comon and popular? Did they abstain from vn exhorting masters to emancipate their ives, though an imperative duty, trom fear 'consequences? Did they admit the per-traiors of the greatest crimes to the Chrisail communion ? Who will undertake to large the blessed Redeemer and his inlircd followers with such connivance at sin, id such fellowship with iniquity ! Were unkards, murderers, liars, and adulterers us treated ? Were they passed over withit even an exhortation to forsake their as ? Were they recognized as Christians? cannot be that .slave-holding belongs to the ime category with these crimes ; and to sert the contrary, is to assert that Christ is e minister of sin. , 1 ********* The argument from the conduct of Christ 1 id his immediate followers seems to us 1 icisive on the point, that slaveholding, in ;< If considered, is not a crime. Let us see >\v this argument has been answered. In 1 e able "Address to the Presbyteries of 1 unlucky, proposing a plan for the instrucin and emancipation of their slaves, by a ; nominee of the Synod of Kentucky," there a strong and extended argument to prove e sinfulness of slavery as it exists among us ' which we have lit Jo to object. When, nvever, the distinguished drafter of that Idrcss comes to answer the objection, Jed's word sanctions slavery, and it canit therefore be sinful," he forgets the cssenil limitation of the proposition which he id undertaken to establish, and proceeds 1 prove that the Bible condemns slavehold- 1 g, and no? merely the kind or system of l-'-.l. Ill liiuOAtlnfft' Thf U 1IA H jU 'J> Ui(0 JU uu.j wuiiu y ? ?. i?v gunient drawn from the scriptures, lie ivs, needs no elaborate reply. If the ble sanctions slavery, it sanctions die kind "slavery which then prevailed ; the attroous system which authorized masters to arve dieir slaves, to torture them, to beat em, to put them to death, and to throw them to their lish ponds. And he justly asks, iiether a man could insult the Godofhca.'n worse than by saying he does not diapove of such a system ? Dr. Channing pre nts strongly the same view, and says, that i infidel would be labouring in his vocu>n in asserting that the bible docs not con;nm slavery. These gentlemen, howcv , arc far too clearsighted not to discover, 1 a moment's reflection, that they have alwed their benevolent feelings to blind them the real point at issue. No one denies at the bible condemns all injustice, cruty, oppressions, and violence. And just ; lar as the laws then existing, authorized icse crimes, the bible condemned them, ut what stronger argument can be pre nted to prove that the sacred writers did 3t regard slave holding as in itself sinful, ian that while tin y condemn ali unjust or ikind treatment (even threatening) on the irt 01'masters towards their slaves, they did A condemn slavery itself? While they re.tired the master to treat his slave aceordg to the lav/ of Jove, tliev did not command O f # j in to set him fre''. The very atrocity, icrefbre, of the system which then prcvailj, instead of weakening the argument, ivesit tenfold strength.. Then, if ever, hen the institution was so fearfully abused,: e might expect to hear the interpreters of ic divine will, saying that a system which ads to such results is the concentrated cs?nce of all crimes, and must be instantly l>andoned on pain of eternal comdemnaDti. This, however, they did not say. and c cannot now force them to say it. They i eated the subject precisely as they did the j ruel despotism of the Roman emperors, j 'he licentiousness, the injustice, the rapine ad murders of those wicked men, tliev con-' * i mined with the full force of divine author-, y; but the mere extent of their power, j ) liable to abuse, tliev left unnoticed. Another answer to the argument in quos- j on is, that "The New Testament does con- j emn slavcliolding, us practical among us, i the most explicit terms furnished by the mguage in-"which the sacred penman rote." This assertion is supported by say. ig that God has 'conijemned slaver}-, beause he lias specified the parts which comose it and condemned them, one by one, i the most ample and unequivocal form.* t is to be remarked that the. saving clause slaveholding as it exists among uSy" is intro. uced into tiie statement, though it seems to c lost sight ' in the ill if tr iti< n an i ccnil > mation of it which follow." We readil admit, that if God does condemn all th pans of which slavery consists, he condemn slavery itself. But the drafter of the ad dress has made no attempt to prove the this is actually done in the sacred scriptures That, many of the attributes of the systci: as established by law in this country, ar condemned, is indeed very plain; but the slaveliolding in itself is condemned, has nc been and cannot be proved. The write] indeed, says, 4,The Greek language bad word corresponding exactly, insignificutior with our word servant, but it had non which answered precisely to our term slave How then was an apostle writing in Greek to condemn our slavery ? IIow can we ex pect to find in scripture, the words 'slaver; is sinl'ui,' when the language in which it i written contained uo term which express? the meaning of our word slavery ?" Doe the gentleman mean to say the Greek Ian guage could not express the idea that slave holding is sinful ? Could not the apostle have communicated the thought that it wa the duty of masters to set their slaves free Were they obliged from paucity of words t admit slaveholders into the Church f W have no doubt the writer himself could, wit all ease, pen a declaratiou in the Greek Ian guage void of all ambiguity, prociairnin freedom to every slave upon earth, and dc bouncing the vengeance of heaven upo every man who dared to hold a fellow crea turein bondage. It is not words wo car for. We want evidence that the sacre writers taught that it was incumbent o every slaveholder, as a matter of duty, t emancipate his slaves (which no Roman u Greek la w forbade,) and tliat Ins refusin. to do so was a heinous crime in the sight c God. The Greek language must be poo indeed if it cannot convey such ideas. Another answer is given by Dr. Chan mug. "Slavery," he says "in the age ofth apostle, had so penetrated society, was s intimately interwoven with it, and the mate rials of servile war were so abundant, that religion, preaching freedom to its victim: would have armed against itself the whol power of the State. Of consequence Pat did not assail it. lie satisfied himself wit ^..-,..*.4,,-,,? nmnmnln^ n'lur>li Imum'ftr clr?u VI1UV4I) l?v?f VfVi w?w *' ly, could not but work its destruction." T the same efiect, Dr. Way land says, "the gob pel was designed, not lor one race or on time, but for all men and for all times. 1 looked not at the abolition of this form c evil for that age alone, but for its universe abolition. Hence the important object e its author was to sain it a lodgement in eve c? O # ry part of the known world ; so that, by it universal diffusion among all classes of soci ety, it might quietly and peacefully modil; and subdue the evil passions of men ; an' thus, without violence, work a revolution ii the whole mass of mankind. In this man ner alone could its object, a universal inorr ? ? t T-* /? .? revolution, be accomplished, ror u 11 nai forbidden the evil, without subduing thcprin ciple ifit had proclaimed the unlawfulness c slavery, and taught slaves to resist the op pression of their masters, it would instant!; have arrayed the two parlies in deadly hos tility throughout the civilized world ; its an nounccment would have been the signal c a servile war; and the very name of th Christian religion would have been forgot ten amidst the agitations of universal blood shed. The fact, under these circumstan ces, that the gospel does not forbid slaver) atlbrds no reason to supposethat it does nc mean to prohibit it, much less does it aiibr ground for belief that Jesuv Christ intend ed to authorize it.'!* Before considering the fui \*e of this rea soiling, it may be well to notice one or tivi important admissions contained in tiicsc e.\ tracts. First, then, it is admitted by thes distinguished moralists, that the apostles di not preach a religion proclaiming frecdon to slaves; that Paul did not assail slaver)' that the gospel did not proclaim the unlaw fulness of slaveholding ; it did not forbid il This'is going the whole length that we hav gone in our statement of the conduct c Christ and his apostles. Secondly, thes 1 . 1 L w riters admit that the course auopicu u the authors of our religion was the onl wise and proper one. Paul satisfied bin self, says Dr. Channing, with spreadin principles, which, however slowly, could nc but work its destruction. Dr. VVayland sa\ that if the apostles had pursued the oppt site plan of denouncing slavery as a crirrn the Christian religion would have been ruii ed ; its very name would have been forgo ten. Then how can the course of the mot ern abolitionists, under circumstances s nearly similar, or even that of these revei end gentlemen themselves be right ? Wh do not they content themselves with doin what Christ and his apostles did ? Wh must they proclaim the unlawfulness < slavery ? Is human nature ,so much alto ed, that a course, which would have prodi ecu universal bloodshed, and led to the ver destruction of the Christian religion, in on age, is wise and Christian in another? (To be continued.) Elements of Moral Science, p. 225. Rl'RAL ECO.VO.ilV. THE DAIRY?ITS PROFITS. BY W. G. The lirst object of a fanner in cul'ivatin the soil is profit; and next to this is tl: desire of securing the first with as little a: pendifure of labor and means as is possibb To do this the quality of the soii, its cond tion, and the size of the farm, must ho take into consideration. Its very situation wi in a great measure determine the first; ii condition will of course be depending o the judicious or injudicious treatment it he received; and as to number of acres, it evident that without a certain quantity < tHem, some kinds of farming, such as grai raising, or wool growing, cannot be profi ably undertaken. Perhaps there is no or y adapted to all farms, great or small, as the e dairy ; arid while it is clear that to raise s grain extensively a largo farm must he re quired, and much labor and money expenit ded, a medium farm, one of eig hty or a hundred acres will be found best calculated n for the dairy, as the hiring of assistants can e usually be dispensed with in such cases, it For a man with but forty acres to attempt >t the raising of grain for sale, and at the r, same time keep the necessary horses, cows a and sheep required to cultivate the farm, i, and supply the family, would be au unproe friable undertaking; hut on such a liirm a i? dairy may be kept that will l>e a source of great profit, when compared with the capi, tal invested. y To make this matter clear, it may be s best to make a few estimates, in all cases d getting as near well established results as s possible, nrtd where any thing must be left i. to conjecture, always being careful to err s- on the sale side of the calculation. A fars mer wishes to commence a dairy with ten s- good cows, not herd book stock, Uit good ? native animals. The price of cows for o several years past in the spring of the year e has varied from IS to 22 dollars?we will h call it 20?thus making the cost of his i- cows 200 dollars. For pasturing cows it g is generally estimated that two acres to each one will be required; and it may be n so as pastures are generally laid down, but i. where the turf is clean and close and the e soil in good heart, we are confident somed thing less will be sufficient to give them n every anvantage. The interest on the o twenty-acres required, for six months, the r time the dairy will be in operation, at 130 g dollars per acre, will be 21 dollars. The if interest on the money invested in cows, will r 1 be 7 dollars. A dairy maid, if one is reII quired, for 0 moths, at a dollar per week, twenty six dollars. The expense will stand thus: 10 cows, at 820 each, 8200 00 Interest on do G months, i nu a Interest on 2 acres to each cow, 21 00 >? Dairy maid G months, 2G 00 e il Total expense, ?254 00 1> If a dairy is a cheese dairy, much will be depending as to the receipts, on the quali0 ties of the milk produced, and the skill !- shown in malting. Tlie quantity of cheese e produced, varies much in different dairies, It and in estimating profits a medium rate >f j must be selected. Mr. Drown, of Otsego d | county, made from thirteen cows 4700 lbs. >f of cheese, or 361 lbs. to each cow. Mr. ' E. Perkins, of Trenton, Oneida county, s from 73 cows, made 32,000 lbs., or 410 i- lbs. to eacli cow; and in the same commu. V nication lie states, that tlie dairies in that d cheese making region varv from 200 to o o ? n 500 lbsofchee.se to a cow. Some cxperii ence in the dairy business, and an acquaintd ance with a dairy district, leads us to supd pose that 350 lbs. to each cow would in it be an extravagant estimate. The average >f price of good cheese when sufficiently ripe - for sale, for several years past, has not y been less than 8 cents per lb., and many ! dairies find their sales have averaged 1) and i-1 89,50 per cvvt. Making our estimate at 8 >f| cents per lb., the receipts of a dairy often c oows would stand as follows : " 3500 lbs cheese, 8 cts. per lb. $280 00 100 lbs butter, 15 cts. per lb. 15 00 " Whey for swine, 82 per cow, 20 00 f ,f atiir* no j . . ( V" 1 Making ihc i*ccoipt iroin eae.i cow lor * six months $31,">0?or it" we deduct the butler as being most of it necessary in the * dairy room, it wKl leave the sum of 30 dol0 lars per cow. Jn some of the best dairy districts of New England, it has been com0 mon to dispose of the cows to drovers after ^ the dairy season has closed, but little feedn ing being generally required to make them ? good beef. Cows arc not as high in the fall * as in the spring, by about 20 per cent., and t# if our farmer determines to sell his cows e in preference to keeping them over the '^1 winter, they will bring him about 100 dole lars. This sum must be added to the re. y ceipt of the year, making a total of473 doly lars. The whole will then stand thus : j Receipts, ?475 00 " i Expenses, 234 00 >t 1 s $221 00 J" Giving to the farmer a clear profit o{ '' "'" "in /tnllnrv: nnfiii fit' thf? tWPntV V VIA uvjiUiw v. '" acres used lor tiie dairy. It must be re. f* marked, however, that to produce this re. suit, the cows must be in good heart and 0 tolerable order on the first of May, and " have good feed for the summer. Cows * that "shirked" through the winter, and cr ? pasture on daisies, johnswort, and thistles, through the summer, will not reach the J above mark, and the owners may think r" themselves fortunate if the "summing up'' should not show a balace the other way. If the dairy is to Ik; devoted to making ; letter, there will be but little differences in j tlic result; tliough if conducted under fa} vorable circumstances, we thing making ; butter rather more profitable than cheese. ! Many persons, however, connected with the j dairy, think otherwise, anu the odds at any rate cannot be very great. To make butg ter through the summer, the dairy must bj 10 so situated and constructed, that a uniform i- proper temperature may be maintained, a.* \ it is well known if the temperature is toe i- low, the cream will be so long in rising as 11 to become bitter; and if too high, as is 11 usually the case in the summer, the milk Is sours before the cream has to separate, by n which much of the cream is lost, and the is butter rendered of an inferior quality. In is ! making butter, more is depending on the quality and richness of the milk, than ii In making cheese, as some cows from the t- same quantity of milk will give double th< I-.: amount uf cream that others 'aill;.nik made with reference to this very point. This fact accounts fur the discrepancy shown in the quantity of butter produced in di tie rent dairies, and the varying estimates consequently made of the butter each cow will produce in a season. There arc some i cows that will make a pound of butter a I day for seven or eight months, with good < keeping, and there ;tre others, that if they < give half a pound a day may be considered j as doing well. < The breed of cows has a great influence I in determining the quantity or quali y of < the milk. The Earl of Chesterfield a ' short time since instituted a series of expc- i riments on some favorite cows of different ? breeds, the result of which was a follows: 1 " In the height of the season the . i qts. milk. oz. but. ' Holderncss gave per day, 29 J < Long Horn, 10 2d J Aldernev, It) 25 Devonshire, 17 2i a Ayrshire, 20 34"r That there are few if any cows of our . native breeds that will approach this quality of milk or butter, most must be willing to admit: indeed, an able writer on cattle in ! the Fanner, thinks that few dairies, or ' cows, in this country, will average tnore ( than from 100 to 170 pounds a year. ' From some experiments we have made, and the reports of some few ordinary dairies (or butter, we are disposed to dissent ' from this writer, and believe that with ordinary care in the selection of cows and the management of the dairy, 200 lbs. may i easily be reached.' Mr. Curtis of Marblehead, from common cows and ordinary -? > J _ I L ? pasture, lor three years, mauu uuaer u& i lbllows : * 18*28?8 co'as 1*272 lbs. butter. 1820?T ? , ii7o " ? 1830?0 ** 1000 '- Wliich last is at the rate of 181 pounds to a cow, and that under unfavorable circunfc staples to make the most of the milk. 1 We know of cows that produce a pound a day for at least three months in the bight of : the season, and that without extra care j or feed; still, a native cov, to do this, | must be good. For three years past, buttor, taking the whole season, will' average 15 els. per lb., and calling the amount produced from a cow 200 lbs., the balance would stand thus: Butter from 10 cows, 2,000 lbs $300 00 Skimmed milk, 83 per cow, 30 00 J 8330 00 Making a difference of fifteen dollars in favor of baiter over cheese making. VViiere the milk is churned new from the cows, the quantity of butter will of course j be greater, but we have never made it in that way, and have no authentic infonnation by which the difference, and of course the profits, can be correctly estimated. ; The various estimates have been made ofihe expense of getting in a crop of wheat or corn; but where wheat is put in after a summer fallow, as is usually the case, the expense of the pioughings,harro wings,seed, interest, j and wear of implements and the land, cannot be estimated at less than ten dollars per acre. Admitting the average crop of wheat to be twenty bushels per acre, which must, taking the whole, be considered libera!, and a profit of ten dollars per acre, wheat at one dollar per bushel, which may be considered the average price, will he the result. It would be easy to make a lfet of the items of exj>ense and profit, but u.r?.r> oon for it here, as everv j IllViO l^uu UV liVVWw.. r wheat grower can make the estimate for himself, if he needs to be convinced that ; the above estimate is not lar from the j truth. Ifthcc-ropto be compared is oneol' i corn, estimates made with great care by Judge Duel, Clark, and others, siiow that in ordinary cases the expense of a crop, inchiding labor, seed, use of 'and, &e. is at least fifteen dollars per acre. The profits of a corn crop are more variable in our latitude than most others, sometimes running very high, and at others being literally nothing : arid we believe that if the average estimate of profit on an acre of corn is put the same as wheat, it is as high as the experience of the farming community will | justify. If the above calculations arc correct? and if they are not we should be happy to j have errors pointed out, by any one practically acquainted with the subject?then ! the difference in profit per acre between the dairyman and the wheat grower, is not mi,nil in fhvnr of the latter as has been I OW 1 liutyll iM W. generally supposed. It may however be said, that the practice of disposing of the cows by tlie dairyman after tiie season is closed, j would in the end be suicide to the business 1 if generally adopted, and hence as to. gene; ral rule the cows must be kept over winter, making it necessary to deduct from the profits the expense of keeping through the winter. This may be admitted, and tiie rc>' suit would then be as follows: A cow \vJ! 1 eat a ton and a half of hay in the winter, ' which at the average price of eight dollars 1 \ a ton, would be twelve dollars tor keeping; j rather exceeding, if there is any dillbrence, f: the neat profit on each cow the first season. It must be remembered, however, ' that if the produce of a good cow will pay for herself and her winter's keeping the 1 first season, then the dairyman enters the : field on the second year with an uneticum1 bered capital; the cows are paid for, and 1 the entire amount of their produce, with the ' trifling deductions above stated, are to be ; counted as profit. Let our dairy counties look at tliis matter carefully?it is well ; j worth their attention..~Genn. Farmer. ij I SIBERIAN CRAB. II There are few kinds of fruit trees which i are greater bearers, which produce more i elegant flowers, or make afuicr display of 1 uy the birds,which seem at first and fruit makes one i high price in the market, and willptxllJ^y^Tm aly maintain it for sometime to come. ?;gjjgJS ' Correspotdcnce of the Portland Advertiser. This city is daily approxirtiating to the 1 state of anarchy and municipal disorgani- m nation. The mob, and that a foreign onej rule here, in glorious despotism. The I Streets, the theatres, the courts of justice, I the sabbath and its institutions, all feel I their influence. Judges are t!ii?tis9'h3s. panes of glass were broken. The whole edifice, which wns a handsome four story structure, bore an air of singular desola third story, murdered nis wiie mere, auu that her 4< spirit is seen to appear every night at nine o'clock at the window, where using it as a mirrow, she stands end combs her long hair. "Has any thing really been seen?" I enquired. 44I belive not," said one uear ine, although every once in a while the crowd would shout, as if they saw the ghost. At that moment'a hundred voices exclaimed 44 There if see it!?There! there!" and the toungs pf men, boys and woman were heard in44 op roarious confusion. This was followed by the sound of the watchman's staves upon the pavement; and all at once, some half a hundred watchmen in their heavy leather caps, light watch coats and clubs, came up the street, and made a regular charge upon tiie multitude, which with shouts and curses gave way on all sides, like Mexicans before the charge of Texicans. The watchmen gaining possession of the field, leaned upon their staves in groups. I squired of one of these guardians of the night for the truth of a tale which had kept this portion of Broadway in a ferment for a month past. 44 It's all a humbug," said he. "There was no murder ever committed there. It's a story got up to injure the sale of the property." But w hy did the crowd shout as if thev had seen something?" Two or three rascals began it for a joke, and the rest joined in, as the uiob always do. Why sir, I could collect a thousand men children, women, mad dogs, and little babies, in three minutes, any where in New York, by looking up to a church vane, as ifl saw somethiug there unusual, I tell you what sir, there's more humbug in Now York than iu all the United States put together." The facility with which mobs are raised hero exceeds belief. A.0 omnibus - ' .1 is iOCKCU tor H RIOUlCm HI (lit/ wiicoowi auother?and five or six hundred persons are gathered around it at once. A man slips and tails into the gutter. One or two pick liim out?four or five run to sec if he's hurt?twenty more Collect to see what is the matter, and a hundred crowd round to see what the others are doing?and the side walk and street is at once blockaded. A day or two since, a little dirty nosed brat ofa boy dropped a penny (cents arc called pennies here) into the gutter, where the water was a few inches deep. He began to paddle for it with his sleeve drawn to his shoulder. Two or three boys collected around liim, and also began te Search. A ragged beggcr learning the loss, also poked his long arm into the puddle, whether in charity to the boy or himself, we leave the benevolent reader to determine. Passers by attracted,stopped to enquire?' others stopped to see what the last were interested in?and in less than two minutes after the loss of the penny, the sidewalk was completely obstructed by a curious multitude, all stretching their necks, a tiptoe aud eagerly iuquiriog wb?t -qp ijjo