Cheraw gazette. [volume] (Cheraw, S.C.) 1835-1838, August 23, 1836, Image 1
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CHERAW GAZETTE. Jiiii
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M. MACLEAN, EDITOR & PROPRIETOR.. CHERAW, S. C., TL'ESDAY, AUGUST 23, 183C.
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Extracts from an article on Slavery in the April ! rp
number of the. Biblical Repertory conducted ! .
bii an association of Gentlemen in Princely.
J. (*
We do not intend to enter upon any lu
minute or extended examination ofscriptu- j.
ral passages, because ail that we wish to as- '1S
sume, as to the meaning of the word of | !\l
God is so generally admitted as to render j,s.
the laboured proof of it unnessarv. j
It is on all hands acknowledged that, at
the time of the advent of Jesus Christ,?. *
slavery in its worst forms prevailed over J y
the whole world. The Saviour found it, n;
around him in Judea; the apostles met ^
with it in Asia, Greece and Italy. IIow j j,
did they treat it? Not by the denunciation j j
of slaveholding as necessarily and univer- 1
v ^ if
' sally sinful. Not by declaring that all ^
slaveholders were men-stealers and robbers j
and cansequently to be excluded from the
church and the kingdom of heaven. Not ar
by insisting on immediate emancipation.
/
Not bv appeals to the passions 01 men on tjj
the evils of slavery, or by the adoption of ol
a system of universal agitation. On the
contrary, it was by leaching the true na- Jt
ture, dignity, equality and destiny of men; sa
by including the principles of justice and j
love; and by leaving these principles to th
produce their legitimate effects in anieliorting
the condition of all classes of society.
We need not stop to prove that such was J at
the course pursued by our Saviour and his j dt
apostles, because the fact is generally ac- i i;s
knowledged, and various reasons are as- j lie
signed, by the abolitionist and others, to ! th
account for it. The subject is hardly al- K
Juded to by Christ in any of his personal I lie
instructions. The apostles refer to it, not cu
to pronounce upon it as a question of nior- is
als, but to prescribe the relative duties of th
masters and slaves. They caution those to
slaves who have believing Christian mas- j he
ters, not to despise them because they were a?.
on a perfect religious equality with them j
but to consider the fact that their masters ne
were there brethren, as an aditional reason
for obedience. It is remarkable that there
is not even an exhortation to masters to to
- * ' *- ? I 1 ill
liberate their slaves, mucn less js u ui^-u
as an imperative and immediate duty.? s,;
They are commanded to be kind, merciful ar
and just; and to remember that thev have :
a Master in heaven. I'aul represents this *n
relation as of compratively little account, j ?f
'Let every man abide in the same calling Cl
wherein he was called. Art thou called ,
being a servant (or slave), care not for it: !n
though, sliould the opportunity of freedom ; 111
be presented, embrace it. These exter- w
nal relations, however, are of little impor- j V(
tance, for every Christian is a freeman in
the highest and best sense of the word, j f
and at the same time is under the strong, i
est bonds to Christ,' 1 Cor. vii. 20?22. j'
It is not worth while to shut our eyes to t
these facts. They will remain, whether Qi
we refuse to sec them and be instructed {j
by them or not. If we are wiser, better, J
moro courageous than Chrisr and his apos- j ^
ties, let us say so; but it will do uo good ej
under a paroxysm of benevolence, to at- i '
tempt to tear the bible to pieces or to exort tj
by violent exegesis, a meaning foreign to g
its obvious sense. Whatever inferences Sl
may be fairly deducible from the fact the ! n<
fact itself cannot be denied that Christ and j tj,
his inspired followers did treat the sub- i u]
ject of slavery in the manner stated above* 1
* * * "' ?... ^<1 l-ofi>] I.. I |
1 his neing ine case, wc uujjm vuiuuuj vw ; (jj
consider their conduct in this respect, and (M
inquire what lessons that conduct should j ;Jj
teach us. hi
We think no one will deny that the plan | jh
adopted by the Saviour and his immediate cm
followers must be the correct plan, and ej
therefore obligatory upon us, unless it can w
be shown that their circumstances were w
so different from ours, as to make the rule j tli
of duty different in the twb cases. The j te
obligation to point out and establish this j sc
difference, rests of course upon those who al
hnve^adopted a course diametrically the j ti<
reverse of that which Christ pursued.? , w
They have not acquitted themselves of this I tr
obligation. They do not seem to have ci
felt it necessary to reconcile their conduct1 1
with his; nor does it appear to have occur- j ai
red to them, that their violent denunciations
of slaveholding and of slaveholders ^
f is an indirect reflection on his wisdom, virtue,
or courage. If the present course of
the abolitionsists is right, then the course of ti<
Christ and the apostles was wrong. For di
the circumstances of the two cases are, as ?
far as we can see, in all essential particu- la
lars, the same. They appear red as teach- u
ers of morality and religion, not as poli- 11
ticians. The same is the tact with our G
abolitionists. They found slavery author- P
ized by the laws of the hand. So do wet i1
They were called upon to receive into the
communion of the Christian Church, Loth 'J
slaveowners and slaves. So are we.?
L They instructed these different classes of j "
;> we. Where then is the difference beveen
the two cases? if we are right in insting
tliat slaveholding is one of the greatit
of all sins; that it should be immedi
:ely and universally abandoned as a cotiition
of church communion, or admission
ito heaven, how comes it that Christ and
is apostles did not pursue the same course?
fe see no way to tiscapc from the collusion
that the conduct of the modern abitionists,
being directly opposed to that
our religion, must be wrong and ought
be modified or abandoned.
An equally obvious deduction from the
ct above referred to, that slaveholding is
)t necessarily sinful. The assuinpiion of
e contrary is the great reason why the
* j i .i._:
oiicrn abolitionists nave auopieu uicir pedlar
course. They argue thus: slaveddiug
is undej(all circumstances sinful, it
lust, th< relore, under all circumsances, and
all hazards, be immediately abandoned,
his reasoning is perfectly conclusive. If
ere is error any where, it is in the premise
and not in the deduction. It requires
> argument to show that sin ought to be at
ice abandoned. Every thing, therefore,
conceded which the abolitionists need retire,
when it is granted that slaveholding
in itself a crime. Hut how can this asimption
be reconciled with the conduct of
lirist and the apostles ! Did they shut their
, es to the enormities of a great offence
;ainst God and man ? Did they tempor
with a heinous evil, because it was comon
and popular? Did they abstain from
vn exhorting masters to emancipate their
ives, though an imperative duty, trom fear
'consequences? Did they admit the per-traiors
of the greatest crimes to the Chrisail
communion ? Who will undertake to
large the blessed Redeemer and his inlircd
followers with such connivance at sin,
id such fellowship with iniquity ! Were
unkards, murderers, liars, and adulterers
us treated ? Were they passed over withit
even an exhortation to forsake their
as ? Were they recognized as Christians?
cannot be that .slave-holding belongs to the
ime category with these crimes ; and to
sert the contrary, is to assert that Christ is
e minister of sin. , 1
*********
The argument from the conduct of Christ 1
id his immediate followers seems to us 1
icisive on the point, that slaveholding, in
;< If considered, is not a crime. Let us see
>\v this argument has been answered. In 1
e able "Address to the Presbyteries of 1
unlucky, proposing a plan for the instrucin
and emancipation of their slaves, by a ;
nominee of the Synod of Kentucky," there
a strong and extended argument to prove
e sinfulness of slavery as it exists among us '
which we have lit Jo to object. When,
nvever, the distinguished drafter of that
Idrcss comes to answer the objection,
Jed's word sanctions slavery, and it canit
therefore be sinful," he forgets the cssenil
limitation of the proposition which he
id undertaken to establish, and proceeds 1
prove that the Bible condemns slavehold- 1
g, and no? merely the kind or system of
l-'-.l. Ill liiuOAtlnfft' Thf
U 1IA H jU 'J> Ui(0 JU uu.j wuiiu y ? ?. i?v
gunient drawn from the scriptures, lie
ivs, needs no elaborate reply. If the
ble sanctions slavery, it sanctions die kind
"slavery which then prevailed ; the attroous
system which authorized masters to
arve dieir slaves, to torture them, to beat
em, to put them to death, and to throw them
to their lish ponds. And he justly asks,
iiether a man could insult the Godofhca.'n
worse than by saying he does not diapove
of such a system ? Dr. Channing pre nts
strongly the same view, and says, that
i infidel would be labouring in his vocu>n
in asserting that the bible docs not con;nm
slavery. These gentlemen, howcv ,
arc far too clearsighted not to discover,
1 a moment's reflection, that they have alwed
their benevolent feelings to blind them
the real point at issue. No one denies
at the bible condemns all injustice, cruty,
oppressions, and violence. And just
; lar as the laws then existing, authorized
icse crimes, the bible condemned them,
ut what stronger argument can be pre nted
to prove that the sacred writers did
3t regard slave holding as in itself sinful,
ian that while tin y condemn ali unjust or
ikind treatment (even threatening) on the
irt 01'masters towards their slaves, they did
A condemn slavery itself? While they re.tired
the master to treat his slave aceordg
to the lav/ of Jove, tliev did not command
O f # j
in to set him fre''. The very atrocity,
icrefbre, of the system which then prcvailj,
instead of weakening the argument,
ivesit tenfold strength.. Then, if ever,
hen the institution was so fearfully abused,:
e might expect to hear the interpreters of
ic divine will, saying that a system which
ads to such results is the concentrated cs?nce
of all crimes, and must be instantly
l>andoned on pain of eternal comdemnaDti.
This, however, they did not say. and
c cannot now force them to say it. They i
eated the subject precisely as they did the j
ruel despotism of the Roman emperors, j
'he licentiousness, the injustice, the rapine
ad murders of those wicked men, tliev con-'
* i
mined with the full force of divine author-,
y; but the mere extent of their power, j
) liable to abuse, tliev left unnoticed.
Another answer to the argument in quos- j
on is, that "The New Testament does con- j
emn slavcliolding, us practical among us,
i the most explicit terms furnished by the
mguage in-"which the sacred penman
rote." This assertion is supported by say.
ig that God has 'conijemned slaver}-, beause
he lias specified the parts which comose
it and condemned them, one by one,
i the most ample and unequivocal form.*
t is to be remarked that the. saving clause
slaveholding as it exists among uSy" is intro.
uced into tiie statement, though it seems to
c lost sight ' in the ill if tr iti< n an i ccnil >
mation of it which follow." We readil
admit, that if God does condemn all th
pans of which slavery consists, he condemn
slavery itself. But the drafter of the ad
dress has made no attempt to prove the
this is actually done in the sacred scriptures
That, many of the attributes of the systci:
as established by law in this country, ar
condemned, is indeed very plain; but the
slaveliolding in itself is condemned, has nc
been and cannot be proved. The write]
indeed, says, 4,The Greek language bad
word corresponding exactly, insignificutior
with our word servant, but it had non
which answered precisely to our term slave
How then was an apostle writing in Greek
to condemn our slavery ? IIow can we ex
pect to find in scripture, the words 'slaver;
is sinl'ui,' when the language in which it i
written contained uo term which express?
the meaning of our word slavery ?" Doe
the gentleman mean to say the Greek Ian
guage could not express the idea that slave
holding is sinful ? Could not the apostle
have communicated the thought that it wa
the duty of masters to set their slaves free
Were they obliged from paucity of words t
admit slaveholders into the Church f W
have no doubt the writer himself could, wit
all ease, pen a declaratiou in the Greek Ian
guage void of all ambiguity, prociairnin
freedom to every slave upon earth, and dc
bouncing the vengeance of heaven upo
every man who dared to hold a fellow crea
turein bondage. It is not words wo car
for. We want evidence that the sacre
writers taught that it was incumbent o
every slaveholder, as a matter of duty, t
emancipate his slaves (which no Roman u
Greek la w forbade,) and tliat Ins refusin.
to do so was a heinous crime in the sight c
God. The Greek language must be poo
indeed if it cannot convey such ideas.
Another answer is given by Dr. Chan
mug. "Slavery," he says "in the age ofth
apostle, had so penetrated society, was s
intimately interwoven with it, and the mate
rials of servile war were so abundant, that
religion, preaching freedom to its victim:
would have armed against itself the whol
power of the State. Of consequence Pat
did not assail it. lie satisfied himself wit
^..-,..*.4,,-,,? nmnmnln^ n'lur>li Imum'ftr clr?u
VI1UV4I) l?v?f VfVi w?w *'
ly, could not but work its destruction." T
the same efiect, Dr. Way land says, "the gob
pel was designed, not lor one race or on
time, but for all men and for all times. 1
looked not at the abolition of this form c
evil for that age alone, but for its universe
abolition. Hence the important object e
its author was to sain it a lodgement in eve
c? O #
ry part of the known world ; so that, by it
universal diffusion among all classes of soci
ety, it might quietly and peacefully modil;
and subdue the evil passions of men ; an'
thus, without violence, work a revolution ii
the whole mass of mankind. In this man
ner alone could its object, a universal inorr
? ? t T-* /? .?
revolution, be accomplished, ror u 11 nai
forbidden the evil, without subduing thcprin
ciple ifit had proclaimed the unlawfulness c
slavery, and taught slaves to resist the op
pression of their masters, it would instant!;
have arrayed the two parlies in deadly hos
tility throughout the civilized world ; its an
nounccment would have been the signal c
a servile war; and the very name of th
Christian religion would have been forgot
ten amidst the agitations of universal blood
shed. The fact, under these circumstan
ces, that the gospel does not forbid slaver)
atlbrds no reason to supposethat it does nc
mean to prohibit it, much less does it aiibr
ground for belief that Jesuv Christ intend
ed to authorize it.'!*
Before considering the fui \*e of this rea
soiling, it may be well to notice one or tivi
important admissions contained in tiicsc e.\
tracts. First, then, it is admitted by thes
distinguished moralists, that the apostles di
not preach a religion proclaiming frecdon
to slaves; that Paul did not assail slaver)'
that the gospel did not proclaim the unlaw
fulness of slaveholding ; it did not forbid il
This'is going the whole length that we hav
gone in our statement of the conduct c
Christ and his apostles. Secondly, thes
1 . 1 L
w riters admit that the course auopicu u
the authors of our religion was the onl
wise and proper one. Paul satisfied bin
self, says Dr. Channing, with spreadin
principles, which, however slowly, could nc
but work its destruction. Dr. VVayland sa\
that if the apostles had pursued the oppt
site plan of denouncing slavery as a crirrn
the Christian religion would have been ruii
ed ; its very name would have been forgo
ten. Then how can the course of the mot
ern abolitionists, under circumstances s
nearly similar, or even that of these revei
end gentlemen themselves be right ? Wh
do not they content themselves with doin
what Christ and his apostles did ? Wh
must they proclaim the unlawfulness <
slavery ? Is human nature ,so much alto
ed, that a course, which would have prodi
ecu universal bloodshed, and led to the ver
destruction of the Christian religion, in on
age, is wise and Christian in another?
(To be continued.)
Elements of Moral Science, p. 225.
Rl'RAL ECO.VO.ilV.
THE DAIRY?ITS PROFITS.
BY W. G.
The lirst object of a fanner in cul'ivatin
the soil is profit; and next to this is tl:
desire of securing the first with as little a:
pendifure of labor and means as is possibb
To do this the quality of the soii, its cond
tion, and the size of the farm, must ho take
into consideration. Its very situation wi
in a great measure determine the first; ii
condition will of course be depending o
the judicious or injudicious treatment it he
received; and as to number of acres, it
evident that without a certain quantity <
tHem, some kinds of farming, such as grai
raising, or wool growing, cannot be profi
ably undertaken. Perhaps there is no or
y adapted to all farms, great or small, as the
e dairy ; arid while it is clear that to raise
s grain extensively a largo farm must he re
quired, and much labor and money expenit
ded, a medium farm, one of eig hty or a
hundred acres will be found best calculated
n for the dairy, as the hiring of assistants can
e usually be dispensed with in such cases,
it For a man with but forty acres to attempt
>t the raising of grain for sale, and at the
r, same time keep the necessary horses, cows
a and sheep required to cultivate the farm,
i, and supply the family, would be au unproe
friable undertaking; hut on such a liirm a
i? dairy may be kept that will l>e a source of
great profit, when compared with the capi,
tal invested.
y To make this matter clear, it may be
s best to make a few estimates, in all cases
d getting as near well established results as
s possible, nrtd where any thing must be left
i. to conjecture, always being careful to err
s- on the sale side of the calculation. A fars
mer wishes to commence a dairy with ten
s- good cows, not herd book stock, Uit good
? native animals. The price of cows for
o several years past in the spring of the year
e has varied from IS to 22 dollars?we will
h call it 20?thus making the cost of his
i- cows 200 dollars. For pasturing cows it
g is generally estimated that two acres to
each one will be required; and it may be
n so as pastures are generally laid down, but
i. where the turf is clean and close and the
e soil in good heart, we are confident somed
thing less will be sufficient to give them
n every anvantage. The interest on the
o twenty-acres required, for six months, the
r time the dairy will be in operation, at 130
g dollars per acre, will be 21 dollars. The
if interest on the money invested in cows, will
r 1 be 7 dollars. A dairy maid, if one is reII
quired, for 0 moths, at a dollar per week,
twenty six dollars. The expense will stand
thus:
10 cows, at 820 each, 8200 00
Interest on do G months, i nu
a Interest on 2 acres to each cow, 21 00
>? Dairy maid G months, 2G 00
e
il Total expense, ?254 00
1> If a dairy is a cheese dairy, much will be
depending as to the receipts, on the quali0
ties of the milk produced, and the skill
!- shown in malting. Tlie quantity of cheese
e produced, varies much in different dairies,
It and in estimating profits a medium rate
>f j must be selected. Mr. Drown, of Otsego
d | county, made from thirteen cows 4700 lbs.
>f of cheese, or 361 lbs. to each cow. Mr.
' E. Perkins, of Trenton, Oneida county,
s from 73 cows, made 32,000 lbs., or 410
i- lbs. to eacli cow; and in the same commu.
V nication lie states, that tlie dairies in that
d cheese making region varv from 200 to
o o ?
n 500 lbsofchee.se to a cow. Some cxperii
ence in the dairy business, and an acquaintd
ance with a dairy district, leads us to supd
pose that 350 lbs. to each cow would in it
be an extravagant estimate. The average
>f price of good cheese when sufficiently ripe
- for sale, for several years past, has not
y been less than 8 cents per lb., and many
! dairies find their sales have averaged 1) and
i-1 89,50 per cvvt. Making our estimate at 8
>f| cents per lb., the receipts of a dairy often
c oows would stand as follows :
" 3500 lbs cheese, 8 cts. per lb. $280 00
100 lbs butter, 15 cts. per lb. 15 00
" Whey for swine, 82 per cow, 20 00
f
,f atiir* no
j . . ( V"
1 Making ihc i*ccoipt iroin eae.i cow lor
* six months $31,">0?or it" we deduct the
butler as being most of it necessary in the
* dairy room, it wKl leave the sum of 30 dol0
lars per cow. Jn some of the best dairy
districts of New England, it has been com0
mon to dispose of the cows to drovers after
^ the dairy season has closed, but little feedn
ing being generally required to make them
? good beef. Cows arc not as high in the fall
* as in the spring, by about 20 per cent., and
t# if our farmer determines to sell his cows
e in preference to keeping them over the
'^1 winter, they will bring him about 100 dole
lars. This sum must be added to the re.
y ceipt of the year, making a total of473 doly
lars. The whole will then stand thus :
j Receipts, ?475 00
" i Expenses, 234 00
>t 1
s $221 00
J" Giving to the farmer a clear profit o{
'' "'" "in /tnllnrv: nnfiii fit' thf? tWPntV
V VIA uvjiUiw v.
'" acres used lor tiie dairy. It must be re.
f* marked, however, that to produce this re.
suit, the cows must be in good heart and
0 tolerable order on the first of May, and
" have good feed for the summer. Cows
* that "shirked" through the winter, and
cr
? pasture on daisies, johnswort, and thistles,
through the summer, will not reach the
J above mark, and the owners may think
r" themselves fortunate if the "summing up''
should not show a balace the other way.
If the dairy is to Ik; devoted to making
; letter, there will be but little differences in
j tlic result; tliough if conducted under fa}
vorable circumstances, we thing making
; butter rather more profitable than cheese.
! Many persons, however, connected with the
j dairy, think otherwise, anu the odds at any
rate cannot be very great. To make butg
ter through the summer, the dairy must bj
10 so situated and constructed, that a uniform
i- proper temperature may be maintained, a.*
\ it is well known if the temperature is toe
i- low, the cream will be so long in rising as
11 to become bitter; and if too high, as is
11 usually the case in the summer, the milk
Is sours before the cream has to separate, by
n which much of the cream is lost, and the
is butter rendered of an inferior quality. In
is ! making butter, more is depending on the
quality and richness of the milk, than ii
In making cheese, as some cows from the
t- same quantity of milk will give double th<
I-.: amount uf cream that others 'aill;.nik
made with reference to this very point.
This fact accounts fur the discrepancy
shown in the quantity of butter produced in
di tie rent dairies, and the varying estimates
consequently made of the butter each cow
will produce in a season. There arc some i
cows that will make a pound of butter a I
day for seven or eight months, with good <
keeping, and there ;tre others, that if they <
give half a pound a day may be considered j
as doing well. <
The breed of cows has a great influence I
in determining the quantity or quali y of <
the milk. The Earl of Chesterfield a '
short time since instituted a series of expc- i
riments on some favorite cows of different ?
breeds, the result of which was a follows: 1
" In the height of the season the . i
qts. milk. oz. but. '
Holderncss gave per day, 29 J <
Long Horn, 10 2d J
Aldernev, It) 25
Devonshire, 17 2i a
Ayrshire, 20 34"r
That there are few if any cows of our .
native breeds that will approach this quality
of milk or butter, most must be willing to
admit: indeed, an able writer on cattle in !
the Fanner, thinks that few dairies, or '
cows, in this country, will average tnore (
than from 100 to 170 pounds a year. '
From some experiments we have made,
and the reports of some few ordinary dairies
(or butter, we are disposed to dissent '
from this writer, and believe that with ordinary
care in the selection of cows and the
management of the dairy, 200 lbs. may i
easily be reached.' Mr. Curtis of Marblehead,
from common cows and ordinary
-? > J _ I L ?
pasture, lor three years, mauu uuaer u& i
lbllows : *
18*28?8 co'as 1*272 lbs. butter.
1820?T ? , ii7o " ?
1830?0 ** 1000 '- Wliich
last is at the rate of 181 pounds to
a cow, and that under unfavorable circunfc
staples to make the most of the milk. 1
We know of cows that produce a pound a
day for at least three months in the bight of
: the season, and that without extra care
j or feed; still, a native cov, to do this,
| must be good. For three years past, buttor,
taking the whole season, will' average
15 els. per lb., and calling the amount
produced from a cow 200 lbs., the balance
would stand thus:
Butter from 10 cows, 2,000 lbs $300 00
Skimmed milk, 83 per cow, 30 00
J
8330 00
Making a difference of fifteen dollars in
favor of baiter over cheese making.
VViiere the milk is churned new from the
cows, the quantity of butter will of course
j be greater, but we have never made it in
that way, and have no authentic infonnation
by which the difference, and of course
the profits, can be correctly estimated.
; The various estimates have been made
ofihe expense of getting in a crop of wheat or
corn; but where wheat is put in after a summer
fallow, as is usually the case, the expense
of the pioughings,harro wings,seed, interest,
j and wear of implements and the land, cannot
be estimated at less than ten dollars per
acre. Admitting the average crop of
wheat to be twenty bushels per acre,
which must, taking the whole, be considered
libera!, and a profit of ten dollars per
acre, wheat at one dollar per bushel, which
may be considered the average price, will
he the result. It would be easy to make a
lfet of the items of exj>ense and profit, but
u.r?.r> oon for it here, as everv
j IllViO l^uu UV liVVWw.. r
wheat grower can make the estimate for
himself, if he needs to be convinced that
; the above estimate is not lar from the
j truth. Ifthcc-ropto be compared is oneol'
i corn, estimates made with great care by
Judge Duel, Clark, and others, siiow that in
ordinary cases the expense of a crop, inchiding
labor, seed, use of 'and, &e. is at
least fifteen dollars per acre. The profits
of a corn crop are more variable in our
latitude than most others, sometimes running
very high, and at others being literally
nothing : arid we believe that if the average
estimate of profit on an acre of corn is put
the same as wheat, it is as high as the experience
of the farming community will |
justify.
If the above calculations arc correct?
and if they are not we should be happy to j
have errors pointed out, by any one practically
acquainted with the subject?then !
the difference in profit per acre between
the dairyman and the wheat grower, is not
mi,nil in fhvnr of the latter as has been
I OW 1 liutyll iM W.
generally supposed. It may however be said,
that the practice of disposing of the cows
by tlie dairyman after tiie season is closed, j
would in the end be suicide to the business
1 if generally adopted, and hence as to. gene;
ral rule the cows must be kept over winter,
making it necessary to deduct from the
profits the expense of keeping through the
winter. This may be admitted, and tiie rc>'
suit would then be as follows: A cow \vJ!
1 eat a ton and a half of hay in the winter,
' which at the average price of eight dollars
1 \ a ton, would be twelve dollars tor keeping;
j rather exceeding, if there is any dillbrence,
f: the neat profit on each cow the first season.
It must be remembered, however,
' that if the produce of a good cow will pay
for herself and her winter's keeping the
1 first season, then the dairyman enters the
: field on the second year with an uneticum1
bered capital; the cows are paid for, and
1 the entire amount of their produce, with the
' trifling deductions above stated, are to be
; counted as profit. Let our dairy counties
look at tliis matter carefully?it is well
; j worth their attention..~Genn. Farmer.
ij
I SIBERIAN CRAB.
II There are few kinds of fruit trees which
i are greater bearers, which produce more
i elegant flowers, or make afuicr display of
1
uy the birds,which seem at first
and fruit makes one
i high price in the market, and willptxllJ^y^Tm
aly maintain it for sometime to come. ?;gjjgJS
' Correspotdcnce of the Portland Advertiser.
This city is daily approxirtiating to the 1
state of anarchy and municipal disorgani- m
nation. The mob, and that a foreign onej
rule here, in glorious despotism. The I
Streets, the theatres, the courts of justice, I
the sabbath and its institutions, all feel I
their influence. Judges are
t!ii?tis9'h3s.
panes of glass were broken. The whole
edifice, which wns a handsome four story
structure, bore an air of singular desola
third story, murdered nis wiie mere, auu
that her 4< spirit is seen to appear every
night at nine o'clock at the window, where
using it as a mirrow, she stands end combs
her long hair. "Has any thing really
been seen?" I enquired. 44I belive not,"
said one uear ine, although every once
in a while the crowd would shout, as if they
saw the ghost. At that moment'a hundred
voices exclaimed 44 There if
see it!?There! there!" and the toungs pf
men, boys and woman were heard in44 op
roarious confusion. This was followed by
the sound of the watchman's staves upon
the pavement; and all at once, some half
a hundred watchmen in their heavy leather
caps, light watch coats and clubs, came up
the street, and made a regular charge upon
tiie multitude, which with shouts and curses
gave way on all sides, like Mexicans before
the charge of Texicans. The watchmen
gaining possession of the field, leaned
upon their staves in groups. I squired
of one of these guardians of the night for
the truth of a tale which had kept this portion
of Broadway in a ferment for a month
past.
44 It's all a humbug," said he. "There
was no murder ever committed there. It's
a story got up to injure the sale of the
property." But w hy did the crowd shout
as if thev had seen something?" Two or
three rascals began it for a joke, and
the rest joined in, as the uiob always do.
Why sir, I could collect a thousand men
children, women, mad dogs, and little
babies, in three minutes, any where in
New York, by looking up to a church
vane, as ifl saw somethiug there unusual,
I tell you what sir, there's more humbug
in Now York than iu all the United States
put together."
The facility with which mobs are raised
hero exceeds belief. A.0 omnibus
- ' .1
is iOCKCU tor H RIOUlCm HI (lit/ wiicoowi auother?and
five or six hundred persons are
gathered around it at once. A man slips
and tails into the gutter. One or two
pick liim out?four or five run to sec if
he's hurt?twenty more Collect to see what
is the matter, and a hundred crowd round
to see what the others are doing?and the
side walk and street is at once blockaded.
A day or two since, a little dirty nosed brat
ofa boy dropped a penny (cents arc called
pennies here) into the gutter, where the
water was a few inches deep. He began
to paddle for it with his sleeve drawn to
his shoulder. Two or three boys collected
around liim, and also began te Search.
A ragged beggcr learning the loss, also
poked his long arm into the puddle, whether
in charity to the boy or himself, we
leave the benevolent reader to determine.
Passers by attracted,stopped to enquire?'
others stopped to see what the last were interested
in?and in less than two minutes
after the loss of the penny, the sidewalk
was completely obstructed by a curious
multitude, all stretching their necks, a tiptoe
aud eagerly iuquiriog wb?t -qp ijjo