University of South Carolina Libraries
,S/ ? ' |yH| -???'?????-y ?? ? ?' ??? ? ? ^WW3WBBB! E9B9MIHHHHH9HHHHBHRHI Br D. W. SIMS, state rat/rTER. COLUMBIA, S. C. APRIL 24, 1829. Vol. XV ? JNo. 17. 55QBB,x' v ' ? ??* ' jJr?. ?? >?' KVKIIV FKliMV MOItMflu c OiHfj-r ?nmrnm, ,jroW. m , ot hvrMUuri poy?bl? at the o/ k' ' t'\ JiDVFflTHFJIFjn'SihMrltil mi <ht vt*Uralu. Look at thin. Tlllt Mbttritwr Mwm hi* (rknda and the (HiMIc i It At k? ha? ftftAin tMiMMtd ilw tailoring H?4n?ni ha Ratten himselffront HI* at tentlon to bosinea* and a (Mn to plaato that he Will receive* riiara of the |>o?iHc piltuM||>. Hit will oat and raaka for IM following cash prl. 'ijL* Cloth Coat*. 5 7 00 Do Pantaloon* I GO Do VeM?, I AO Thin Coata, 4 00 D>? Pantaloons, I lift Do Vest*. 1 8 ft III- also inform* (lie politic flint Iii> dill carries on ike Hiikinit buslines, at (lie old stnnd.nnn door ?t?ow Mr. (.'amiarr's, where hu will (hi jclnd lo lit tend lo all call*. ?? WILLIAM BEARD. April 10, 1620. IS ir NOTICE. THE Co-partner?hlp heretofore eiiinr>^ l??s tween squler k Ross .i?d Jnmts llora, un der (lie Arm of James Horn, ic Co. U tin# doy dissolved by mutual aonsent Those indebted lo aald Arm, are requested to make pnyinent to A. (!, Bqnier, It Co. who nr? duly nuihorlsed in?eiHc sll Haiiffbf Ilia coaeern. JAMEH IIOIlA, BQl'IEK U It OSS. Columbia, Feb Sft, 1829. BQt'lKR It ROSS having takTn ABCAM C. SQUIhR luto partnership, (he liu-lni1** in future will l?? conducted under the firm of A. ' ? tfuuhe, LCo. squier nnas, A. C. PQl ir.lt. February 96, lf?9 10 if CLOTHING AND IIATS. A. C. SQUIER, V CO. HAVK just received a fresh snpply of Cloth ing and Haw, comparing a ieneml n>?orN punt suitable (of lira preten* and aitproNrlilng reason?made in th? liert and most fashionable rtylr, which (bey will ditpose of al grentiy re duced prlr.es Columbia, April 8, lft29 I ', l| LIME For sate by the subseriliers. on* hun dred on mis of LIME, warrmni'd pond mid tow for cash. BAIiilY k lillKNAN. April 17 in a \|O'flCK ii hoMty n ? i, Hint 1, REBI-X'CA i^l M. FOSTER, wife of William Potter,of the Town Columbia, iu the district ol I Hull hunk am) State of Soul It Carolina, will and do lotf.ad fenm and after the npirnlion of one m<>nth fr??m litis date, to tradn asm " soln trader,"according*?> Hid direction* ol the act of ns?etnMy in stn-li nor* re quired REBECCA M FOSTER. Aq^ 17, IBM 10 0 A Bargain Offered. AS tlio tul?ci<trcr? t?n*inei>e enll* liim tollie We?f, lie otfrfl lor ?il>> lilt \ n.'llrtlilr! |Hi?ae? aluti* <>?> JurkioirnCit'tli, Itielilaud DMiu-i, S (! eittht in'lea of t'otuinliirf, liMnfrn livn and lhire thuu*and ar.rr? ?>| I.Hint, writ timlfnil, with ? fn>1 rata Smw Mill, newly Imlll Aim I tin filiO ('?? I of lumber in ike yard. AI?o n stork of mttle, flu'cp, Sic There Itnn the |truiui?e? mi ti|>|.le nnd ix tirh mcliard, with an eicellmt ?prin;?, nnd high ele vated wl:?i lor building. That the |iIm^ i# ln-nl lliy it p?*t dinW To any gentleman within* to re?|ile near Ihe **nt i?f government, and In rialirr ht?llb and wealth, I would recommend ll.l* plnre. Till* IndUpnUb e. For further purlinilAip^ nnw ?nd Judge for yuuraelf A l<arK?in may lie had. CIIARLKSO (ilUII\M ' 1ft. IRgfl Irt 41 Sheriff's Sales. OX HMTO OF FIERI FACIAS. "I 'i ILL !?? ?o|d Ih-Iiii* tlii11 iMiit lloioeol Co f V luinbla, nn Ihe fii*t M<m<Uy And luiidny in May null, within the le,.*! hour*. No I. All the hou?elio|d and kiirlion furniture in llt? Washington lintel, lielongiii;: In ThiiniKi nni" mulatto man limned llmidn!; It* vied no and In Im aold a* the properly id Tlounn Hr)g*a, *1 I lift fill of Wm.C. Hilton and imidry other esecutiona, ire. Tbomag U'litif. N. H. 'i he aliove 'urnilute to t<n rold M the Washington Hotel, nnd on a riedit ol titty 'Jay?, fnr all lumi nvi.r twenty doll*'*, the |.nn hater giving noir with two appmved iernrltie*, nil nitn* of and under twenty dolUr?, ea?h Mvo Ihe Mid mulatto luati to bo ?o.M oc the above couiii lion*. fio S Two nejrn lellnwi, levied on nnd i<? he intd to Utti property of Tlmmat II. Wade; el Hie .iiiit ofCh*t.:M? l?evy and tundry otlirr ekeen tiont, r?. Thomw ft. W.;4p Sn '.I One negro man, levied nn end l<? In udd mthe property of Thorn** Pirfw'.rcn at the t?llt of Jolili Black, v* Thotna* Parrot. .en. Nn. 4. Thffe ne?rorj levied on nint f>M n? the (iroperty of Henry t'jith4*grni<, mi |ne mil ol Wn?. (laffoi y, V? ||i iiry llptlw^iove. No 6. Twm l?or?e?,iMie mule, nnd *nridry Ijend ?il enltle, ltvl?d on and to lie ???'?? ?* the ??r.?|??**iy nf John Marehall; at Ihe ?uil ol Wm. I.. M'Voy, v?. John M?r?h?". N B. The id??>ve rMllr ?o l?e rolil ?t Maraliwli'* mill on Taeniay Ih* tecond day of ?nh wiliun the IVfal hour* of Mle Nn & One irtiiUUn w^man, levied on and to he ?old ni Ike projin ty of Kil^-erd Vonny;, at the auii of A Illanding,\a. I'.dward Vonng Nn 7 One ileum wonutt nnd her l^?? chil dren, levied on and Irt lie #old av the projierly < t John M i'ldter.al Ihe null of William K.titney jnn Mindry o?h"r eieeuiiona. va J. M. I'hil.?. No H Twenty live netroea, levied on and I l?e ?dd a* lli? pt*?j?erty ?if Jait ?? II. ChN|i)M 11; m the ?uil nf Zfhulon ltu?kd|>k *?. Jm. II. Clinpiu-ll TI'.KM S-iJJtfill JKSIK OK.nni'lll., ft It l?. Sheriff 'a Olure, \jnil 17, ltf!rt> Jrt 3 NOTICK. M^O nK JIOM? lielofe I.in I'oiirt flnn?e, nr? I' ? | 1 Ural Monday In M*y ne?l, ?l In u't,lo? - fireno n.a NKOftO WKWf.JI and her ?*?(|l,l< likewi?e, a *'ll *IM end IIAKM'K#, In lon^i.ij; the e?taieof Hiehard I vau?,dewn?ed. f Vwdit loiia? t' A** ? I noncnr rvin'ts, Admr. entomb!*, April 17, 1*9. * 1?? .1 SPEECH OF Mil. MITCHELL, Of South Carolina, on the Cumberland road 6UI, delivered in the J/outr of Hefirreen taiivet, February 19,1829.?[Concluded. And yet the Congress of the United Stacs, notwithstanding ell the paint and labor* ol our ancestors to bind it to a circumscribed sphere of action, it loosed by thia nwstr^K ? turn from its fattening*, and its power limit cd by wrfut, after all that hat been said, enn only be resolved into the will of its mem bers. Rut it wits to guard the people against iu blindness, the imbecility nnd sorruption ot tills will| that the constitution wnsfoimcd, that the sovereign power was distributed and defined; that the great principle of respon sibility was grafted into it. Let us imagine a case perfectly couriste.it with this ow struction, and not inconsistent with t'?t pre scut state of things. We might dreni it tor the grtiernl welfare, to purchase Cubu IVoiw Spain, and some plautiblc reasons *o-s gned lor it. Cuba is only a buiscuit's throw f.-om Florida? it commands the passage which our vessels use in going to nnd from Ni*w Orleans, Hut having purchased it, it wight not be for the general welfare to admit it in to the union, but that it should remain what we call a territory, what the K'.nmns cnlU d a province, nnd the modern Europeans a iol?> ny. It might be for the general welfart to impose on its wretched inhabitants a govern o .-ot as cruel and cxtortionnte as that under M;;tch Sicily and Syracuse groaned in the time of the infamous Vents. W'c might arm our territorial governor with all the power of a Knnian Quxstor, or Proconsul, and abandoning the old principle of taxation and representation, adopt the more summa ry and vigorous process of arbitrary awes*, nu at. Ail this inigbt easily be effected un der this conduction: for, admit the right to purchase, nnd you may govern the island as you please. A keen and thrifty administra tion, skilled in the art of direct nnd indirect taxation, and in the still nobler art of com pulsory contribution, might raise from that rich country a revenue little short of that'of the United State*. ?? A* trr (he fieofi/r of thr United States" would not feel it. what would hinder von from i>ppr.->pt latiug it to youiselves? V??ur committee '</i retrench? menf might, in such case. Increase its lame, and your own popularity, by reducing your /ter 'Item to a nominal ?um;hy allowing you no more than what wou'd pay for your soda water. Hut with such an meonic, would it he difficult tocoii"?. rt you from a biennial into a septennial, or an assembly for life/ With money enough, what would prevent your continual re-elect ions. And when 1 s:iy so, 1 do not mean to charge my countrymen with even'trdinary cori tint ion. No <-<r. Hctorc my Clid, I believe tiiein t?> be t!?v most vir tuous people on earth, lhu in>>n?y is moral t>ower, (?j?ml iu effect to military force. >uit the pill to the palate, and any man may be bought; bought, sir, without lii? (beam ing it He may Ik* a sold slave, while he be lievts himself to Ik* n fiee man, actuated I ?\ ? he nobl. st principles. Need we go out of thi* ball for illustrations of this truth* When r.nce a government swings from the moorings of the constitution, i.o one ran say where it will stop. It may In c? me the most | absolute despotism, nnd retain all its i cpub!i jean form. Look at lli.it fcuniry, whose language wc >pc?l-', In m whirl) wc are des cended, (not me, sir.) mid with which wc must forever In* in c-o-ttui-t as friend or foe. Sec lltr exemplification (it tSis truth in Iter house of commons. 'I'hnt hotly wnitci fitted to represent the people, to protect their tights, and toop^-iM.' the prerogative* of the crown. ]n ilie resolution of HiK.9, not very mut li more than a century ngo, i? wun refor med, mid restored t'i its primitive puri'v.? What in it now * The tepresentativc of the people* No sir. It in the representative of, thci rown. 'I'he king and his minister* com* liwtnd a majority of it. Is it a shield against the mcroarhmriif of royal prerogative? The very reverie of this?the engine hy which arbitrary power may he exerted with im punity, and With all tile s uit lion* of law.? And yet sir, it is in name and cxtetior form, what it had ever been. Hut oh f how diffe rent in reality. A seat in that n?*chihly, which wm the voluntary gift of the people, | the icward of virtue and talent, I* now ob tained hy the most \ icioun corruption* or tin jnrtirle of open merchandize, as inueh so as the rnal i f t!t>rtiwf,,f or the ten of the India company ; nnd t!i:?t whirh wan intended to 'represent intellectu d Iteings, now repte i sent# decayed nnd ntitrr.Mited houses. \t.d whente Utd this nrise ' I''rom free const Mic tion aided hy money. A borough win a tra ding town, and it w,?* allowed a member to represent its romun-rt i d interests. Hut al though il? inhabitants h.i\e abnntlotied it ; its commerce i* no more ; and instead of lieing owned hy many, who had peculiar rights U> he protected, and also a community of Inte rest witti the people at large, is now owned hy a single iticltvidual, whose situation sets him at mi eternal distant e from the people ; it is fttdl n'borough, it still sends ith mem her, not elected hy a pait ot the people of Knglantl, hut iiommutt d and appo.nted 1 >> tile owher ol the s ul, and this mcmbt r h:??, on the l)')<ii i it 11 the political right > and pi i x ileges with the representatives of the *i oat ? ty ef I.outlon, or the t utility of Noifi Ik.? S'es sir ; thin was effected by tree const rot - 'ion ; by nil application of the doctrine which I mi contending against,to that government : i?\ a pervernhm oi magna ehurtaj a* fatal n? thai which is now sapping the vitals of ou ?lutitutiou, m.tl making it any at a! ever,, ?dng. The present ltd* notes of this-'floctriio ae, however, no*Uim to or.glnality. /in utorum srrvilf firms, they follow thei? ll-weather Alexander Hamilton. It < ?ill knownth.it (his mistaken hut highii lifted man (perhaps inorv vi.vel, as to mrrt Intellect, than any of hit rotempora* ?????,) win secretly nnd i?t heart n friend to monarchy. He exerted himself In the con vention to give all the strength and energy which he could to the federal head. He af terward* espoused the cause of the constitu ent, mid was l? truth, p.ieatly Instrumental hi effecting its adoption?not because lie approved it, but because jt wasthc strong*at government which coutd go down. He labo red In the 1'ederalUt to excite Jealousies a gainst the state* ; and wrote paper niter pa* per with Brent force uiul eloquence, "to show the tendency of federal govmimrnu to anarchy among the niembvra, rather than t yraniM in the bead ; and, by this means, to inspire the people with unlimited and iiuin quirlng confidence in the general govern nient. And as soon a* be became n member of Washington'* abinet, lie admited thb free construction?thin general welfare doctrine, n* the one by which be 'might enlarge the powers of the genera! government to un un limited extent { supply what was deficient | and, against the will of the people, and with out their knowledge. Middle them with a monarchy under the form of a republic. To prove that I do net misrepresent him, per ntit mo to quote two short passage* f om the resolution* of the Virginia house of delc ?7iiter, passed in 1T9&, one of which contain* bin theory, and the other (the commentary ?.f the delegates,) the direct operation and tfleet of that theory :? It is contended by Mr Hamilton, " to be long to the i/kcrcllon of the National legisla tuie to pronounce iijH?n the subjects which concern the a'rncrnl wiffnre, and for which, under tha*. description, an appropriation of money is requisite and proper. And there seem* to lie no room for a doubt, that, what ever concerns the general Interests ?:| L?ar tiimj, ot agriculture, of manufactures, and of ctjumctce, are within Mm: sphere ot the ua thmal councils, as far as regards an applica tion of money." Now, this give* us jurisdiction r vcr all the conrcrns of man. liis individual Indus try, no matter how employed, whether i\ agriculture or manufactures, is subject to our regulation; and tliis paternal outh? ity it extended ewVn to our youth, wbo*v educa tion we have anerpiUt power for contiol nnd direct. 1) >e*. not tins carry the legislation of Congress into tin work-shop and the farm v.iiii?into the school nnd the waiehousc? l)oe* it not strip every federal feature from the fiovemmeiit.' Whin i? wanting to make it as national as that of Kin*hind.' Doc* it not rtanction Tariffs, Internal improvement*., a National IViversity, &c. * What in ML tothe States? Mot bear th < ommentnrjnSoi this opinion by the immortal Patriots who' composed the House ? f Delegate* of Virgin-1 iain 17 <JH: " No A, whether the phiases in question hi , construed to nutlnnuc every measure rrla-1 tii?K to the common defence ami general , welfare, as contended by some,' reverv mca- j sure onlv in whieb theie might In- nn appli cation of money, ns suggested by the candor of others, the effect must be substantially the ?ame in destroying the impoit and force i.f i he particular enumeration of powers which follow these general phrases in the Constitution: for it is evident that there is not a single power whatever, which may not have some reference to the common defence and general wclf ire: nor a power of any niHKuiiuuc yrmru, in l?s exercise, ?loe* not involve or admit nn application of money. The Government tlicivfurt' wliiclipnsMMVi power in either one or the otlier of iIm-m: extents, in n Government witlwut the limita tion! formed by u particular enumeration of powers; mid, consequently, the meaning uiul effect of this particular ennmerntion is ile* troyed liv the exposition given ?-f tlim gen eral phrase*." Nor, Sir, ncrording tn this, in ? n!r,r to give our Government nbv lute .mil imb'fin ite powers, y?>u hiiveoiiiv toadopt !iu above rule of cmtftl ruction. With whatever tin concern or npitliy you may rcgiid it the People, in 170H, were ro aliveits perni cious tendency, that they withdrew ?hcir support from the then Administration, and formed that party, henderi by Mr. Ji flVison which achieved the glorious revolution of 1801 '/'hit was the distiurtinii?the sole distinction?between the Feilerulints nnd Hepulilieans. Ai.d il^r* not the same dis-j tint tin:. exist now among the memlierH on thisflw* || a free const ? uetinn of the Con stitution, which gives this (Jovernutent nil power, and annihilates the state sovereign tie*, constituted a Fed rilist in ir91,j?hv should it not eoii*titiite a I'tdir.ilist in JX'JO* Will the simple assumption o| the name Re publican cure this radical d?f?vt? Names are not Mibstmccs?they ilo i>ot alter the HMttire of things. A man may profess what lie pleases?<tu: mnv c til himself Dcmm. rut or Republican?.hut as long as lie adopt* and maintain* this here?) of Alexander If.iniil ton, he i* a 1'edei alist, and can '>?.' considered in no other light. Sir, if a Turk ?i ri' to sliDM' Ins b' .ml, throw < fTlit* tin It i:< and his trow mm s, adopt on cnstinne, join a Christian church, would \<<u rail him u iiti?'iao, wlien \ ou t.iuw i!i it li? *tili tti.ide the Ah ?>?"?111 I lie iaiiMte ' f In* < '?i?<! o t? :.iat look? d forward ion I'itriu! ??* ?-l \ !n;?'u OIM < I joj Ilir III ??.1' d 111; 11 l.l? ?l'<-'. W .IS, ** I'here is l?ut or.C (j?tfl, aod M.ihoii,'. ( is hi* prophet I know it has been r.ftid, here n*id el ?e wliere, that it i* invidious and i'.I " itu?<d i<? ? xposc to view these old distiorthuis. w!?:r.h liave longsjtice cvaned to exi*'. If this >*????? he fut, the observation wmml be correct lint there is not a single constitutional mea nt*, from the time of Mr. jeHVnwm d??wn~ ?H ie Is lint a tannic confp*e*si?>tial argument >i|>on It--? which does not demonvrate that in* party, so far from Itnvhig ceased toe/i*i .* now lull of life, eneigv, and entcrprfift', .?ud ttn'/rnsing in Its exertions to diffuse, m 4x1 tlwf futui jvi" ."ii of l?s priorifde#. And If it doea exist, and conceal* lit* '.f from the People under f?l*e professions of Hepub licanism, might we not to aound the ftlarraP Ought we nut to tear the mask from it* face tuhl expose the hypocrite? I do not mean to My tlmt there n't* not honest Federalists, who sincerely Inrljrvc that they pursue the good of the country by the practice ot their principles; (tod foi bid that 1 should have to much intolerance! But I mean to aay that those who content Federal principles under pretension* to Republicanism, are not hon Hud, so fur from enjoy in)* the oonfl br? oieiit the execrations of the Peojrie, 'But Mr. Sneaker, there hnnnther autnor whlth it is mjr duty to introduce* In con nnntionof the nbove rule ot construction ?n nutliority which you are bound to con aider and respect?nn authority as high as that of Virginia or any in the Union?1 mean -the sovereign People of the Commonwealth of South Carol inn. In the Summer of 1SS7 apprehending, ftom past observation, that nn fcttciiipt would he made at the next session of Cnngr? hs to pass a tariff of higher duties they uascmhlcd in their respective Districts to consider the Mihject- 'l ite more they ex amined the /irmeifite of sm;h a law, the more they were convinced that it struck directly at the ro'** of their rights and liberties. They saw that, by sanctioning the tariff, it destroyed their freedom of trade, anil must involve them in inevitable bankruptcy: and they rmiembrfed that, under this Rnme principle, the Alien and Sedition laws bad been passed which \hlated pena-usl securi tv, and the freedom ot spccch, and the press Thev scut memorials to you, in tones of sor rowful remonstrance, against the unconsti tutionality of the principle, and detailed the injuries which the application of it by the passage of the tat iff law, would iuflu t on the profits of their labor. Their I,cgi*l'itutr, 1 likewise, transmitted to you u piofound re port, coutainiag a lull exposition ot their to yercign rights, with a series of resolutions, which go the whole length of impugning this construction, not onl\ by denouncing tariff*! nud internal improveim iit?, hut appropria tions made for the benefit of the Colonizu- | ikm Society. Sir, these are most solemn appeals, and should he considered l>> ton with the deep est attention. It is not tlx remonstrance of n citiaen?ot a neighborhood?or of a ritv? hut that of ,t whole ronton wealth, as well bv its sovereign authority, the Legislature, as by it* freemen, assembled III their proper itcrsons. Strong must have been the teei ng to have caused the aimultanuous move- j went ?i?J>hol? people. No similar event h.?d nrcirreJi llrlWBtltP It evolution. No Himilat assemblages, but those in* which ap pealing to 11 on v en for the justice of their cutisc, with one voice, th y remonstrated agxuist the usurpations of Writ tin. \\ nut Stat* has contributed more to the liberties and prosperity of this Confederacy thanS< nth Carolina? (iohack totlic Uevo ln*.i'-n, and yo?. find her saerilicing every tiling for the common eanse-?blood?ticas ore?and tlic dearrst connections of life.? W'l.en your eontiueutal armies were dis persed?your Centrals diivcu out, and the enemy in |>oss?ssion of the Capital, and ev ery strong hold?without aid liom their Legislature or Congress, her People kept ulivc the war, and resisted the liritish until pcace was concluded, (Jo to the Convention and von will learn that ItrrvniH were among) ?.he f<?r?.*most in wisdom, eloquence, and that j compromising forhcarancc by which discor- j ilant Interest* can alone: he rcumcilrt!.? i Consult tlin*v who have pi eccded you on thin floor, and they will u II y>>n, with delight j of the manly, pntrio.x, ami able native which her representative* pursued. Though j her iKtpalation he thin, m.d her Territory small, her soil dott m.d has contributed, an:.u.illy, one seventh of the whole amount I ?>f ycur revenue. During tin: late war, I | when you were driven to the brink of den-] [ pair, she was the f?r?t to mlvanre her quota I to vottr exhausted and yearning Trcasui); ami since, she has calmly viftVud privation' and tuhmitud t*? oppression* which untliing hut her invincible attachim. lit to the Union could have home. He not tiiru deidj to her remonstrance*. !)<>?iot dereive your selves with regard to her views .ir y?>ur own cuiiiu'. I lor whole life, it' I may so express it, hut hern one ?ii.neit demonstration ot | her affecti'-r.atR rcspcit lor the Constitution. T?et your* he to pirseiw, not violate, her | sovereign lights, which )<kiarc constitution* ' ad) hound to protect. Jiut it i ? n"t nters*.try to resort topartieu I Inr clauses of the Constitution to prove tt.nt j we Itaw no power toiuaki muls. A hare I contemplation of the | owrr and objects of this (ieiier.il f Jovernuien', will show that they air not only o?ipe-vd to, hutiii'oust* jtcii with, the exercise of thin i ight. Itsob ?jectsure war, commerce, and negotiation, ! aud its powers ai?* of a niiMi-c to ? fleet them { and t nom only. Its uuthtiritv is that of ^cm j cral suprrintendanc*. Its legislation i* for l the whole, and every Jaw which it passes i must operate on the whole. Its power to j dcelure war, involves the defence of nil, and ; its p'l/viT to regulate commerce, tbr inter lost of all. If* on lay a tax it must press j equally rvct v whrrr?if j ? ?t -rao* ..n iinniil* | nity, its hcmfv.tul eflVcl* must np?rate pre* tisclv to ihe same extent. It is true that \ our power, unlike that ot other Confedera cies act* directly on the person* ami proper ty of the People but it so arts to give printer rrticiency to your general povcrs. Now, if ihere is any thing which is m it* nature em phatically /'/cat, it I* a ro?d. Nor mi the mind separate, In idea, nn exclusive vover* cigntv ovr the soil, from an if.olnslvi pow t?< uviVe the road. II thrS*.?tes have not an i-xclusi>i! sovereignty over the ?< ii, why i* Congies*. although enMii*t*'d with the com mon defence, obliged to obtain the consent cl I the States, hHore it can pun base sites for I forts, mi ?enii?*, fee* Ai?oiIi<t f that thi? power Iocs not belong to tlie General Government, It tot* drawn from its absolute incompetent y to exercise it. A power che ated to act ik a great t>phere it unfit for *; tmall one?As a mind with capacity td com mand an entire, ceetd never restrain ittclf to the contrfal of a Village tohool?or at * momentum Jrcquitlte to more a mountain, would be Ail applied to the lifting of a feather. ' I On the/ other hand, one of the greet j object* of jfita*;* sovereignty It Internal lm iprovemenp. This Is admitted by (he Feder* jallst, and ill the writert on the subject- Ita power* an? adjuttcd to, afid fitted for thit ob jcc.t. Tpe territory of each State t? to tmall that every road mutt be tinder tho immediate eye of the Government. No mis take can occur with regard to its importances or direutfou. The 'representatives have a personal knowhrfge of the wliole country, of the ben ?*fit>k off the road, and of the mnnnerin which liic w<b k it executed. Every citizen hat a i- interest in its speedy,economical, ?feet completion ; for in the sha|tc of t tux, lie contributes annually so much income, or of hit time and labor to it. workmen arc indolent, prodigal and ful, they arc at once observed, and cly arraigned. Now, the reverse ot' lit happen* with regtrd to natlonnl roaijr. So far from every maa in the nciglw lior'tnod being hii ovcrteer over a work of thit kind, that it in hit positive Interest to have it rondurted with .is much waste of public money, time, and want of skill a* not* sibl^. The 'more money expended, the bet ter i?r him and those around ; it gives con trols to some, employincnt to others, and itftVdft a market for the produce of the neighborhood. The money spent it no tax ori l?im, for it in drawn frAm the treasury at Washington, and although each, ana consu nn r, pays a part of it, yet it in very smalt, ? t d he i* insensible ot it, at lie pays it in the t I'ape of an indirect tax. Why it "thcic such ,\ competition among the cities for having navy yard*?among the ttatct for having mads and canals located in them ; it is sure ly not on account of any ultimate benefit to lir derived from them ; it is hccausc no much money must be expended in them to carry on these works. 'I o grve a practical and comparative illustration of the nbility of the national and state governments to carry on surh works, I present the history of the only two great work* which have been com pleted by these authorities?this vdry Cum in-Hand road, and the )<>ie canal, in tlte state of Ncm -York. The road was commenced by the United States in 1K06, 33 years ago, and is not yet completed so as perfectly to nntwor its purpose ; it it 130 miles long ; it cost jU,6SH per mile, besides the loss of the annual interest on the capital luid out, which now amounts to 110,000 dollars per annum. The Krie oanal was commenced by tho state of New-York on the 4th of July, 1817, and was in perfect operation on the 4th of July, 1823. n period of ? years. The main canal is 353 miles long, and the branch to lake Champion 60 ; it averaged lit.le moro than 11,000 doll is per mile, ?nd in the year lf.26, the gross amount of its tolls was 850, 000 ; which, after deducting 430,000 dollars, as interest on the capital laid out, and 100, 000 for repairs, left nctt gain to the statu 350,000 dollar*. Cumberland road. Eric ratio!. Time in milking* 23 years, 8 years,. Miles In length, 130 413 Cost |?r mile, S1.S,G88 $11,500 1 uteres. per :?n?i. >'110,000 Gain, aftCi deducting interest ? and repairs, ? J-^aO.OOO Hut this is r??.t all : while tlje Cumberland road in a perfei t quagmire, n spci.kine proof of the feebleness, extravagance, and Tne om? pctency of the national government to such undertaking* ; anil so fur from bring a means of continue rat ion between the East unci the Wrst, only t?nicfi11iny; nt the expense of the people, the superintendent and the woikmen employed on it?the Etle canal is a source of living, crfuntlCss wealth, studding its bunks with villages and c ultivated fields, ami pour ing into the capital the annual abundance of the immense countries bordering on Clin lake*. Ion have the treasures of the United States at j our command?brigades of Engi neer*, educated under your eye at West Point, by ?lie eharity of the people??thtv power to procure from Europe, If you have them not, the most skilful artificers } and you admit that this road is an object of great national importance, binding tne Un ion with a chain stronger than adamant ?, w'iy then with all these means,ami with this great oliJ.Tt in view,have you not accomplish* ed it Why is it not the mi st perfect piece of workmanship on earth ? Why do we not hear of the romfottsof its accommodations, of its facilities of interofairse, of the rapid journies made upon it, of the hosts of loaded wagons and living things which every mo ment crowd it,of Its rising villages, and of the unexampled appreciation of its lands f In line, why have yon not proven, by the suc cess of this work, that yon have exerted m power legitimate and constitutional, which !oe? belong, anil can only belong, to you. Hut sir, if you have the power to make roads, morality and policy both forbid you to exert It. It is unwise in governments or individuals to do nn act bv which they aro compelled, from Irreslstahle circumstances, to be guilty of injustice. It will not lie de nied, that If you have this power under the constitution, its lienefits should be dispensed over the United Htates, st least according to the ratio or/ taxation ami representation. J should go further, and say, that it should M regulated by the war principle?he m'M ex erted where it wna most needed But is ei ther of these the rule by whkh you have or will locate internal Improvements * H it* they ik* been confttiid U> those states where