Columbia telescope. (Columbia, S.C.) 1819-1821, April 24, 1829, Image 1
,S/ ? '
|yH|
-???'?????-y ?? ? ?' ??? ? ? ^WW3WBBB! E9B9MIHHHHH9HHHHBHRHI
Br D. W. SIMS, state rat/rTER. COLUMBIA, S. C. APRIL 24, 1829. Vol. XV ? JNo. 17.
55QBB,x' v ' ? ??* ' jJr?. ?? >?'
KVKIIV FKliMV MOItMflu
c OiHfj-r ?nmrnm, ,jroW. m
, ot hvrMUuri poy?bl? at the o/
k' ' t'\
JiDVFflTHFJIFjn'SihMrltil mi <ht vt*Uralu.
Look at thin.
Tlllt Mbttritwr Mwm hi* (rknda and the
(HiMIc i It At k? ha? ftftAin tMiMMtd ilw
tailoring H?4n?ni ha Ratten himselffront HI* at
tentlon to bosinea* and a (Mn to plaato that he
Will receive* riiara of the |>o?iHc piltuM||>. Hit
will oat and raaka for IM following cash prl.
'ijL*
Cloth Coat*. 5 7 00
Do Pantaloon* I GO
Do VeM?, I AO
Thin Coata, 4 00
D>? Pantaloons, I lift
Do Vest*. 1 8 ft
III- also inform* (lie politic flint Iii> dill carries
on ike Hiikinit buslines, at (lie old stnnd.nnn door
?t?ow Mr. (.'amiarr's, where hu will (hi jclnd lo lit
tend lo all call*. ??
WILLIAM BEARD.
April 10, 1620. IS ir
NOTICE.
THE Co-partner?hlp heretofore eiiinr>^ l??s
tween squler k Ross .i?d Jnmts llora, un
der (lie Arm of James Horn, ic Co. U tin# doy
dissolved by mutual aonsent Those indebted lo
aald Arm, are requested to make pnyinent to A. (!,
Bqnier, It Co. who nr? duly nuihorlsed in?eiHc sll
Haiiffbf Ilia coaeern. JAMEH IIOIlA,
BQl'IEK U It OSS.
Columbia, Feb Sft, 1829.
BQt'lKR It ROSS having takTn ABCAM C.
SQUIhR luto partnership, (he liu-lni1** in future
will l?? conducted under the firm of A. ' ? tfuuhe,
LCo. squier nnas,
A. C. PQl ir.lt.
February 96, lf?9 10 if
CLOTHING AND IIATS.
A. C. SQUIER, V CO.
HAVK just received a fresh snpply of Cloth
ing and Haw, comparing a ieneml n>?orN
punt suitable (of lira preten* and aitproNrlilng
reason?made in th? liert and most fashionable
rtylr, which (bey will ditpose of al grentiy re
duced prlr.es
Columbia, April 8, lft29 I ', l|
LIME For sate by the subseriliers. on* hun
dred on mis of LIME, warrmni'd pond mid
tow for cash. BAIiilY k lillKNAN.
April 17 in a
\|O'flCK ii hoMty n ? i, Hint 1, REBI-X'CA
i^l M. FOSTER, wife of William Potter,of the
Town Columbia, iu the district ol I Hull hunk am)
State of Soul It Carolina, will and do lotf.ad fenm
and after the npirnlion of one m<>nth fr??m litis
date, to tradn asm " soln trader,"according*?> Hid
direction* ol the act of ns?etnMy in stn-li nor* re
quired REBECCA M FOSTER.
Aq^ 17, IBM 10 0
A Bargain Offered.
AS tlio tul?ci<trcr? t?n*inei>e enll* liim tollie
We?f, lie otfrfl lor ?il>> lilt \ n.'llrtlilr! |Hi?ae?
aluti* <>?> JurkioirnCit'tli, Itielilaud DMiu-i, S (!
eittht in'lea of t'otuinliirf, liMnfrn livn and lhire
thuu*and ar.rr? ?>| I.Hint, writ timlfnil, with ? fn>1
rata Smw Mill, newly Imlll Aim I tin filiO ('?? I of
lumber in ike yard. AI?o n stork of mttle, flu'cp,
Sic There Itnn the |truiui?e? mi ti|>|.le nnd ix tirh
mcliard, with an eicellmt ?prin;?, nnd high ele
vated wl:?i lor building. That the |iIm^ i# ln-nl
lliy it p?*t dinW To any gentleman within* to
re?|ile near Ihe **nt i?f government, and In rialirr
ht?llb and wealth, I would recommend ll.l* plnre.
Till* IndUpnUb e. For further purlinilAip^ nnw
?nd Judge for yuuraelf A l<arK?in may lie had.
CIIARLKSO (ilUII\M
' 1ft. IRgfl Irt 41
Sheriff's Sales.
OX HMTO OF FIERI FACIAS.
"I 'i ILL !?? ?o|d Ih-Iiii* tlii11 iMiit lloioeol Co
f V luinbla, nn Ihe fii*t M<m<Uy And luiidny
in May null, within the le,.*! hour*.
No I. All the hou?elio|d and kiirlion furniture
in llt? Washington lintel, lielongiii;: In ThiiniKi
nni" mulatto man limned llmidn!; It*
vied no and In Im aold a* the properly id Tlounn
Hr)g*a, *1 I lift fill of Wm.C. Hilton and imidry
other esecutiona, ire. Tbomag U'litif.
N. H. 'i he aliove 'urnilute to t<n rold M the
Washington Hotel, nnd on a riedit ol titty 'Jay?,
fnr all lumi nvi.r twenty doll*'*, the |.nn hater
giving noir with two appmved iernrltie*, nil nitn*
of and under twenty dolUr?, ea?h Mvo Ihe
Mid mulatto luati to bo ?o.M oc the above couiii
lion*.
fio S Two nejrn lellnwi, levied on nnd i<? he
intd to Utti property of Tlmmat II. Wade; el Hie
.iiiit ofCh*t.:M? l?evy and tundry otlirr ekeen
tiont, r?. Thomw ft. W.;4p
Sn '.I One negro man, levied nn end l<? In
udd mthe property of Thorn** Pirfw'.rcn at the
t?llt of Jolili Black, v* Thotna* Parrot. .en.
Nn. 4. Thffe ne?rorj levied on nint f>M n?
the (iroperty of Henry t'jith4*grni<, mi |ne mil ol
Wn?. (laffoi y, V? ||i iiry llptlw^iove.
No 6. Twm l?or?e?,iMie mule, nnd *nridry Ijend
?il enltle, ltvl?d on and to lie ???'?? ?* the ??r.?|??**iy
nf John Marehall; at Ihe ?uil ol Wm. I.. M'Voy, v?.
John M?r?h?".
N B. The id??>ve rMllr ?o l?e rolil ?t Maraliwli'*
mill on Taeniay Ih* tecond day of ?nh wiliun the
IVfal hour* of Mle
Nn & One irtiiUUn w^man, levied on and to
he ?old ni Ike projin ty of Kil^-erd Vonny;, at the
auii of A Illanding,\a. I'.dward Vonng
Nn 7 One ileum wonutt nnd her l^?? chil
dren, levied on and Irt lie #old av the projierly < t
John M i'ldter.al Ihe null of William K.titney jnn
Mindry o?h"r eieeuiiona. va J. M. I'hil.?.
No H Twenty live netroea, levied on and I
l?e ?dd a* lli? pt*?j?erty ?if Jait ?? II. ChN|i)M 11; m
the ?uil nf Zfhulon ltu?kd|>k *?. Jm. II. Clinpiu-ll
TI'.KM S-iJJtfill
JKSIK OK.nni'lll., ft It l?.
Sheriff 'a Olure, \jnil 17, ltf!rt> Jrt 3
NOTICK.
M^O nK JIOM? lielofe I.in I'oiirt flnn?e, nr? I' ? |
1 Ural Monday In M*y ne?l, ?l In u't,lo? -
fireno n.a NKOftO WKWf.JI and her ?*?(|l,l<
likewi?e, a *'ll *IM end IIAKM'K#, In lon^i.ij;
the e?taieof Hiehard I vau?,dewn?ed.
f Vwdit loiia? t' A** ? I
noncnr rvin'ts, Admr.
entomb!*, April 17, 1*9. * 1?? .1
SPEECH OF Mil. MITCHELL,
Of South Carolina, on the Cumberland road
6UI, delivered in the J/outr of Hefirreen
taiivet, February 19,1829.?[Concluded.
And yet the Congress of the United Stacs,
notwithstanding ell the paint and labor* ol
our ancestors to bind it to a circumscribed
sphere of action, it loosed by thia nwstr^K ?
turn from its fattening*, and its power limit
cd by wrfut, after all that hat been said, enn
only be resolved into the will of its mem
bers. Rut it wits to guard the people against
iu blindness, the imbecility nnd sorruption
ot tills will| that the constitution wnsfoimcd,
that the sovereign power was distributed and
defined; that the great principle of respon
sibility was grafted into it. Let us imagine
a case perfectly couriste.it with this ow
struction, and not inconsistent with t'?t pre
scut state of things. We might dreni it tor
the grtiernl welfare, to purchase Cubu IVoiw
Spain, and some plautiblc reasons *o-s gned
lor it. Cuba is only a buiscuit's throw f.-om
Florida? it commands the passage which
our vessels use in going to nnd from Ni*w
Orleans, Hut having purchased it, it wight
not be for the general welfare to admit it in
to the union, but that it should remain what
we call a territory, what the K'.nmns cnlU d a
province, nnd the modern Europeans a iol?>
ny. It might be for the general welfart to
impose on its wretched inhabitants a govern
o .-ot as cruel and cxtortionnte as that under
M;;tch Sicily and Syracuse groaned in the
time of the infamous Vents. W'c might
arm our territorial governor with all the
power of a Knnian Quxstor, or Proconsul,
and abandoning the old principle of taxation
and representation, adopt the more summa
ry and vigorous process of arbitrary awes*,
nu at. Ail this inigbt easily be effected un
der this conduction: for, admit the right to
purchase, nnd you may govern the island as
you please. A keen and thrifty administra
tion, skilled in the art of direct nnd indirect
taxation, and in the still nobler art of com
pulsory contribution, might raise from that
rich country a revenue little short of that'of
the United State*. ?? A* trr (he fieofi/r of
thr United States" would not feel it. what
would hinder von from i>ppr.->pt latiug it to
youiselves? V??ur committee '</i retrench?
menf might, in such case. Increase its lame,
and your own popularity, by reducing your
/ter 'Item to a nominal ?um;hy allowing you
no more than what wou'd pay for your soda
water. Hut with such an meonic, would it
he difficult tocoii"?. rt you from a biennial into
a septennial, or an assembly for life/ With
money enough, what would prevent your
continual re-elect ions. And when 1 s:iy so,
1 do not mean to charge my countrymen with
even'trdinary cori tint ion. No <-<r. Hctorc
my Clid, I believe tiiein t?> be t!?v most vir
tuous people on earth, lhu in>>n?y is moral
t>ower, (?j?ml iu effect to military force.
>uit the pill to the palate, and any man may
be bought; bought, sir, without lii? (beam
ing it He may Ik* a sold slave, while he be
lievts himself to Ik* n fiee man, actuated I ?\
? he nobl. st principles. Need we go out of
thi* ball for illustrations of this truth*
When r.nce a government swings from the
moorings of the constitution, i.o one ran say
where it will stop. It may In c? me the most
| absolute despotism, nnd retain all its i cpub!i
jean form. Look at lli.it fcuniry, whose
language wc >pc?l-', In m whirl) wc are des
cended, (not me, sir.) mid with which wc
must forever In* in c-o-ttui-t as friend or foe.
Sec lltr exemplification (it tSis truth in Iter
house of commons. 'I'hnt hotly wnitci fitted
to represent the people, to protect their
tights, and toop^-iM.' the prerogative* of the
crown. ]n ilie resolution of HiK.9, not very
mut li more than a century ngo, i? wun refor
med, mid restored t'i its primitive puri'v.?
What in it now * The tepresentativc of the
people* No sir. It in the representative of,
thci rown. 'I'he king and his minister* com*
liwtnd a majority of it. Is it a shield against
the mcroarhmriif of royal prerogative? The
very reverie of this?the engine hy which
arbitrary power may he exerted with im
punity, and With all tile s uit lion* of law.?
And yet sir, it is in name and cxtetior form,
what it had ever been. Hut oh f how diffe
rent in reality. A seat in that n?*chihly,
which wm the voluntary gift of the people,
| the icward of virtue and talent, I* now ob
tained hy the most \ icioun corruption* or tin
jnrtirle of open merchandize, as inueh so as
the rnal i f t!t>rtiwf,,f or the ten of the India
company ; nnd t!i:?t whirh wan intended to
'represent intellectu d Iteings, now repte
i sent# decayed nnd ntitrr.Mited houses. \t.d
whente Utd this nrise ' I''rom free const Mic
tion aided hy money. A borough win a tra
ding town, and it w,?* allowed a member to
represent its romun-rt i d interests. Hut al
though il? inhabitants h.i\e abnntlotied it ; its
commerce i* no more ; and instead of lieing
owned hy many, who had peculiar rights U>
he protected, and also a community of Inte
rest witti the people at large, is now owned
hy a single iticltvidual, whose situation sets
him at mi eternal distant e from the people ;
it is fttdl n'borough, it still sends ith mem
her, not elected hy a pait ot the people of
Knglantl, hut iiommutt d and appo.nted 1 >>
tile owher ol the s ul, and this mcmbt r h:??,
on the l)')<ii i it 11 the political right > and pi i
x ileges with the representatives of the *i oat
? ty ef I.outlon, or the t utility of Noifi Ik.?
S'es sir ; thin was effected by tree const rot -
'ion ; by nil application of the doctrine which
I mi contending against,to that government :
i?\ a pervernhm oi magna ehurtaj a* fatal n?
thai which is now sapping the vitals of ou
?lutitutiou, m.tl making it any at a! ever,,
?dng.
The present ltd* notes of this-'floctriio
ae, however, no*Uim to or.glnality. /in
utorum srrvilf firms, they follow thei?
ll-weather Alexander Hamilton. It <
?ill knownth.it (his mistaken hut highii
lifted man (perhaps inorv vi.vel, as
to mrrt Intellect, than any of hit rotempora*
?????,) win secretly nnd i?t heart n friend to
monarchy. He exerted himself In the con
vention to give all the strength and energy
which he could to the federal head. He af
terward* espoused the cause of the constitu
ent, mid was l? truth, p.ieatly Instrumental
hi effecting its adoption?not because lie
approved it, but because jt wasthc strong*at
government which coutd go down. He labo
red In the 1'ederalUt to excite Jealousies a
gainst the state* ; and wrote paper niter pa*
per with Brent force uiul eloquence, "to
show the tendency of federal govmimrnu
to anarchy among the niembvra, rather than
t yraniM in the bead ; and, by this means, to
inspire the people with unlimited and iiuin
quirlng confidence in the general govern
nient. And as soon a* be became n member
of Washington'* abinet, lie admited thb free
construction?thin general welfare doctrine,
n* the one by which be 'might enlarge the
powers of the genera! government to un un
limited extent { supply what was deficient |
and, against the will of the people, and with
out their knowledge. Middle them with a
monarchy under the form of a republic. To
prove that I do net misrepresent him, per
ntit mo to quote two short passage* f om the
resolution* of the Virginia house of delc
?7iiter, passed in 1T9&, one of which contain*
bin theory, and the other (the commentary
?.f the delegates,) the direct operation and
tfleet of that theory :?
It is contended by Mr Hamilton, " to be
long to the i/kcrcllon of the National legisla
tuie to pronounce iijH?n the subjects which
concern the a'rncrnl wiffnre, and for which,
under tha*. description, an appropriation of
money is requisite and proper. And there
seem* to lie no room for a doubt, that, what
ever concerns the general Interests ?:| L?ar
tiimj, ot agriculture, of manufactures, and of
ctjumctce, are within Mm: sphere ot the ua
thmal councils, as far as regards an applica
tion of money."
Now, this give* us jurisdiction r vcr all
the conrcrns of man. liis individual Indus
try, no matter how employed, whether i\
agriculture or manufactures, is subject to
our regulation; and tliis paternal outh? ity it
extended ewVn to our youth, wbo*v educa
tion we have anerpiUt power for contiol nnd
direct. 1) >e*. not tins carry the legislation of
Congress into tin work-shop and the farm
v.iiii?into the school nnd the waiehousc?
l)oe* it not strip every federal feature from
the fiovemmeiit.' Whin i? wanting to make
it as national as that of Kin*hind.' Doc* it
not rtanction Tariffs, Internal improvement*.,
a National IViversity, &c. * What in ML
tothe States? Mot bear th < ommentnrjnSoi
this opinion by the immortal Patriots who'
composed the House ? f Delegate* of Virgin-1
iain 17 <JH:
" No A, whether the phiases in question hi ,
construed to nutlnnuc every measure rrla-1
tii?K to the common defence ami general ,
welfare, as contended by some,' reverv mca- j
sure onlv in whieb theie might In- nn appli
cation of money, ns suggested by the candor
of others, the effect must be substantially
the ?ame in destroying the impoit and force
i.f i he particular enumeration of powers
which follow these general phrases in the
Constitution: for it is evident that there is
not a single power whatever, which may not
have some reference to the common defence
and general wclf ire: nor a power of any
niHKuiiuuc yrmru, in l?s exercise, ?loe* not
involve or admit nn application of money.
The Government tlicivfurt' wliiclipnsMMVi
power in either one or the otlier of iIm-m:
extents, in n Government witlwut the limita
tion! formed by u particular enumeration of
powers; mid, consequently, the meaning uiul
effect of this particular ennmerntion is ile*
troyed liv the exposition given ?-f tlim gen
eral phrase*."
Nor, Sir, ncrording tn this, in ? n!r,r to
give our Government nbv lute .mil imb'fin
ite powers, y?>u hiiveoiiiv toadopt !iu above
rule of cmtftl ruction. With whatever tin
concern or npitliy you may rcgiid it the
People, in 170H, were ro aliveits perni
cious tendency, that they withdrew ?hcir
support from the then Administration, and
formed that party, henderi by Mr. Ji flVison
which achieved the glorious revolution of
1801 '/'hit was the distiurtinii?the sole
distinction?between the Feilerulints nnd
Hepulilieans. Ai.d il^r* not the same dis-j
tint tin:. exist now among the memlierH on
thisflw* || a free const ? uetinn of the Con
stitution, which gives this (Jovernutent nil
power, and annihilates the state sovereign
tie*, constituted a Fed rilist in ir91,j?hv
should it not eoii*titiite a I'tdir.ilist in JX'JO*
Will the simple assumption o| the name Re
publican cure this radical d?f?vt? Names
are not Mibstmccs?they ilo i>ot alter the
HMttire of things. A man may profess what
lie pleases?<tu: mnv c til himself Dcmm. rut
or Republican?.hut as long as lie adopt* and
maintain* this here?) of Alexander If.iniil
ton, he i* a 1'edei alist, and can '>?.' considered
in no other light. Sir, if a Turk ?i ri' to
sliDM' Ins b' .ml, throw < fTlit* tin It i:< and
his trow mm s, adopt on cnstinne, join a
Christian church, would \<<u rail him u
iiti?'iao, wlien \ ou t.iuw i!i it li? *tili tti.ide
the Ah ?>?"?111 I lie iaiiMte ' f In* < '?i?<! o t? :.iat
look? d forward ion I'itriu! ??* ?-l \ !n;?'u
OIM < I joj Ilir III ??.1' d 111; 11 l.l? ?l'<-'. W .IS,
** I'here is l?ut or.C (j?tfl, aod M.ihoii,'. ( is hi*
prophet
I know it has been r.ftid, here n*id el ?e
wliere, that it i* invidious and i'.I " itu?<d i<?
? xposc to view these old distiorthuis. w!?:r.h
liave longsjtice cvaned to exi*'. If this >*?????
he fut, the observation wmml be correct
lint there is not a single constitutional mea
nt*, from the time of Mr. jeHVnwm d??wn~
?H ie Is lint a tannic confp*e*si?>tial argument
>i|>on It--? which does not demonvrate that
in* party, so far from Itnvhig ceased toe/i*i
.* now lull of life, eneigv, and entcrprfift',
.?ud ttn'/rnsing in Its exertions to diffuse, m
4x1 tlwf futui jvi" ."ii of l?s priorifde#.
And If it doea exist, and conceal* lit* '.f from
the People under f?l*e professions of Hepub
licanism, might we not to aound the ftlarraP
Ought we nut to tear the mask from it* face
tuhl expose the hypocrite? I do not mean
to My tlmt there n't* not honest Federalists,
who sincerely Inrljrvc that they pursue the
good of the country by the practice ot their
principles; (tod foi bid that 1 should have to
much intolerance! But I mean to aay that
those who content Federal principles under
pretension* to Republicanism, are not hon
Hud, so fur from enjoy in)* the oonfl
br? oieiit the execrations of the Peojrie,
'But Mr. Sneaker, there hnnnther autnor
whlth it is mjr duty to introduce* In con
nnntionof the nbove rule ot construction
?n nutliority which you are bound to con
aider and respect?nn authority as high as
that of Virginia or any in the Union?1 mean
-the sovereign People of the Commonwealth
of South Carol inn. In the Summer of 1SS7
apprehending, ftom past observation, that nn
fcttciiipt would he made at the next session
of Cnngr? hs to pass a tariff of higher duties
they uascmhlcd in their respective Districts
to consider the Mihject- 'l ite more they ex
amined the /irmeifite of sm;h a law, the more
they were convinced that it struck directly
at the ro'** of their rights and liberties.
They saw that, by sanctioning the tariff, it
destroyed their freedom of trade, anil must
involve them in inevitable bankruptcy: and
they rmiembrfed that, under this Rnme
principle, the Alien and Sedition laws bad
been passed which \hlated pena-usl securi
tv, and the freedom ot spccch, and the press
Thev scut memorials to you, in tones of sor
rowful remonstrance, against the unconsti
tutionality of the principle, and detailed the
injuries which the application of it by the
passage of the tat iff law, would iuflu t on the
profits of their labor. Their I,cgi*l'itutr, 1
likewise, transmitted to you u piofound re
port, coutainiag a lull exposition ot their to
yercign rights, with a series of resolutions,
which go the whole length of impugning this
construction, not onl\ by denouncing tariff*!
nud internal improveim iit?, hut appropria
tions made for the benefit of the Colonizu- |
ikm Society.
Sir, these are most solemn appeals, and
should he considered l>> ton with the deep
est attention. It is not tlx remonstrance of
n citiaen?ot a neighborhood?or of a ritv?
hut that of ,t whole ronton wealth, as well bv
its sovereign authority, the Legislature, as
by it* freemen, assembled III their proper
itcrsons. Strong must have been the teei
ng to have caused the aimultanuous move- j
went ?i?J>hol? people. No similar event
h.?d nrcirreJi llrlWBtltP It evolution. No
Himilat assemblages, but those in* which ap
pealing to 11 on v en for the justice of their
cutisc, with one voice, th y remonstrated
agxuist the usurpations of Writ tin.
\\ nut Stat* has contributed more to the
liberties and prosperity of this Confederacy
thanS< nth Carolina? (iohack totlic Uevo
ln*.i'-n, and yo?. find her saerilicing every
tiling for the common eanse-?blood?ticas
ore?and tlic dearrst connections of life.?
W'l.en your eontiueutal armies were dis
persed?your Centrals diivcu out, and the
enemy in |>oss?ssion of the Capital, and ev
ery strong hold?without aid liom their
Legislature or Congress, her People kept
ulivc the war, and resisted the liritish until
pcace was concluded, (Jo to the Convention
and von will learn that ItrrvniH were among)
?.he f<?r?.*most in wisdom, eloquence, and that j
compromising forhcarancc by which discor- j
ilant Interest* can alone: he rcumcilrt!.? i
Consult tlin*v who have pi eccded you on
thin floor, and they will u II y>>n, with delight j
of the manly, pntrio.x, ami able native
which her representative* pursued. Though j
her iKtpalation he thin, m.d her Territory
small, her soil dott m.d has contributed,
an:.u.illy, one seventh of the whole amount I
?>f ycur revenue. During tin: late war, I
| when you were driven to the brink of den-]
[ pair, she was the f?r?t to mlvanre her quota I
to vottr exhausted and yearning Trcasui);
ami since, she has calmly viftVud privation'
and tuhmitud t*? oppression* which untliing
hut her invincible attachim. lit to the Union
could have home. He not tiiru deidj
to her remonstrance*. !)<>?iot dereive your
selves with regard to her views .ir y?>ur own
cuiiiu'. I lor whole life, it' I may so express
it, hut hern one ?ii.neit demonstration ot
| her affecti'-r.atR rcspcit lor the Constitution.
T?et your* he to pirseiw, not violate, her
| sovereign lights, which )<kiarc constitution*
' ad) hound to protect.
Jiut it i ? n"t nters*.try to resort topartieu
I Inr clauses of the Constitution to prove tt.nt
j we Itaw no power toiuaki muls. A hare
I contemplation of the | owrr and objects of
this (ieiier.il f Jovernuien', will show that
they air not only o?ipe-vd to, hutiii'oust*
jtcii with, the exercise of thin i ight. Itsob
?jectsure war, commerce, and negotiation,
! aud its powers ai?* of a niiMi-c to ? fleet them
{ and t nom only. Its uuthtiritv is that of ^cm
j cral suprrintendanc*. Its legislation i* for
l the whole, and every Jaw which it passes
i must operate on the whole. Its power to
j dcelure war, involves the defence of nil, and
; its p'l/viT to regulate commerce, tbr inter
lost of all. If* on lay a tax it must press
j equally rvct v whrrr?if j ? ?t -rao* ..n iinniil*
| nity, its hcmfv.tul eflVcl* must np?rate pre*
tisclv to ihe same extent. It is true that
\ our power, unlike that ot other Confedera
cies act* directly on the person* ami proper
ty of the People but it so arts to give printer
rrticiency to your general povcrs. Now, if
ihere is any thing which is m it* nature em
phatically /'/cat, it I* a ro?d. Nor mi the
mind separate, In idea, nn exclusive vover*
cigntv ovr the soil, from an if.olnslvi pow
t?< uviVe the road. II thrS*.?tes have not an
i-xclusi>i! sovereignty over the ?< ii, why i*
Congies*. although enMii*t*'d with the com
mon defence, obliged to obtain the consent cl
I the States, hHore it can pun base sites for
I forts, mi ?enii?*, fee* Ai?oiIi<t f that
thi? power Iocs not belong to tlie General
Government, It tot* drawn from its absolute
incompetent y to exercise it. A power che
ated to act ik a great t>phere it unfit for *;
tmall one?As a mind with capacity td com
mand an entire, ceetd never restrain ittclf
to the contrfal of a Village tohool?or at *
momentum Jrcquitlte to more a mountain,
would be Ail applied to the lifting of a
feather. '
I On the/ other hand, one of the greet
j object* of jfita*;* sovereignty It Internal lm
iprovemenp. This Is admitted by (he Feder*
jallst, and ill the writert on the subject- Ita
power* an? adjuttcd to, afid fitted for thit ob
jcc.t. Tpe territory of each State t? to
tmall that every road mutt be tinder tho
immediate eye of the Government. No mis
take can occur with regard to its importances
or direutfou.
The 'representatives have a personal
knowhrfge of the wliole country, of the ben
?*fit>k off the road, and of the mnnnerin which
liic w<b k it executed. Every citizen hat a
i- interest in its speedy,economical,
?feet completion ; for in the sha|tc of
t tux, lie contributes annually so much
income, or of hit time and labor to it.
workmen arc indolent, prodigal and
ful, they arc at once observed, and
cly arraigned. Now, the reverse ot'
lit happen* with regtrd to natlonnl
roaijr. So far from every maa in the nciglw
lior'tnod being hii ovcrteer over a work of
thit kind, that it in hit positive Interest to
have it rondurted with .is much waste of
public money, time, and want of skill a* not*
sibl^. The 'more money expended, the bet
ter i?r him and those around ; it gives con
trols to some, employincnt to others, and
itftVdft a market for the produce of the
neighborhood. The money spent it no tax
ori l?im, for it in drawn frAm the treasury at
Washington, and although each, ana consu
nn r, pays a part of it, yet it in very smalt,
? t d he i* insensible ot it, at lie pays it in the
t I'ape of an indirect tax. Why it "thcic such
,\ competition among the cities for having
navy yard*?among the ttatct for having
mads and canals located in them ; it is sure
ly not on account of any ultimate benefit to
lir derived from them ; it is hccausc no
much money must be expended in them to
carry on these works. 'I o grve a practical
and comparative illustration of the nbility of
the national and state governments to carry
on surh works, I present the history of the
only two great work* which have been com
pleted by these authorities?this vdry Cum
in-Hand road, and the )<>ie canal, in tlte state
of Ncm -York. The road was commenced
by the United States in 1K06, 33 years ago,
and is not yet completed so as perfectly to
nntwor its purpose ; it it 130 miles long ; it
cost jU,6SH per mile, besides the loss of the
annual interest on the capital luid out, which
now amounts to 110,000 dollars per annum.
The Krie oanal was commenced by tho
state of New-York on the 4th of July, 1817,
and was in perfect operation on the 4th of
July, 1823. n period of ? years. The main
canal is 353 miles long, and the branch to
lake Champion 60 ; it averaged lit.le moro
than 11,000 doll is per mile, ?nd in the year
lf.26, the gross amount of its tolls was 850,
000 ; which, after deducting 430,000 dollars,
as interest on the capital laid out, and 100,
000 for repairs, left nctt gain to the statu
350,000 dollar*.
Cumberland road. Eric ratio!.
Time in milking* 23 years, 8 years,.
Miles In length, 130 413
Cost |?r mile, S1.S,G88 $11,500
1 uteres. per :?n?i. >'110,000
Gain, aftCi deducting interest ?
and repairs, ? J-^aO.OOO
Hut this is r??.t all : while tlje Cumberland
road in a perfei t quagmire, n spci.kine proof
of the feebleness, extravagance, and Tne om?
pctency of the national government to such
undertaking* ; anil so fur from bring a means
of continue rat ion between the East unci the
Wrst, only t?nicfi11iny; nt the expense of the
people, the superintendent and the woikmen
employed on it?the Etle canal is a source of
living, crfuntlCss wealth, studding its bunks
with villages and c ultivated fields, ami pour
ing into the capital the annual abundance of
the immense countries bordering on Clin
lake*.
Ion have the treasures of the United
States at j our command?brigades of Engi
neer*, educated under your eye at West
Point, by ?lie eharity of the people??thtv
power to procure from Europe, If you have
them not, the most skilful artificers } and
you admit that this road is an object of
great national importance, binding tne Un
ion with a chain stronger than adamant ?,
w'iy then with all these means,ami with this
great oliJ.Tt in view,have you not accomplish*
ed it Why is it not the mi st perfect piece
of workmanship on earth ? Why do we not
hear of the romfottsof its accommodations,
of its facilities of interofairse, of the rapid
journies made upon it, of the hosts of loaded
wagons and living things which every mo
ment crowd it,of Its rising villages, and of the
unexampled appreciation of its lands f In
line, why have yon not proven, by the suc
cess of this work, that yon have exerted m
power legitimate and constitutional, which
!oe? belong, anil can only belong, to you.
Hut sir, if you have the power to make
roads, morality and policy both forbid you
to exert It. It is unwise in governments or
individuals to do nn act bv which they aro
compelled, from Irreslstahle circumstances,
to be guilty of injustice. It will not lie de
nied, that If you have this power under the
constitution, its lienefits should be dispensed
over the United Htates, st least according to
the ratio or/ taxation ami representation. J
should go further, and say, that it should M
regulated by the war principle?he m'M ex
erted where it wna most needed But is ei
ther of these the rule by whkh you have or
will locate internal Improvements * H it*
they ik* been confttiid U> those states where