University of South Carolina Libraries
USBAt I ,,t j, SMI ?^^ ^^;:4 **? . irv. tt! . XJ "*'*:. L>* By P. W. SIMS, wi? rmyriai. COLUMBIA, S. C MARCH 27, 1820 y0| XV ?No. I3 "rSSuSHBO KVERY FRIDAY' MORN I NO I TERMS?Thrtt Q*U>\rt fur annum, pmfUt w mdrmnc*, *r r?r Mlmrt/>?y?6/? ?f lk< tf thtfuar. ADVV.IlT'SENENTSiuitrltd ?/ M? viunl ml tt. . COLUMBIA : HAT MAN I P.VCTORY. jfflMT Bkicr Mono IKLOW Tilt Maukkt. ?|MlKi|lnrrlh^r to gs leave (nitiloim hitlrirnds J. aud the iHiblle in general, lb"'! In* ha* com menced ?||? M AM)FAClTJItlNO OK HAT8 inall It* various branches, he ha* neither spared pain* nor espensc to obtain fir?l rut* material* add WofkfflciH nnd hope* to mailt m liberal abate of nubile patronage; lie also bo|H>* that *11 who aro interested in thn euc.nrainnent of ?outlwrn manufactories, will call U|*m him and ejaoilno his Hats provlna* to their pirjrhaslnji rticMlirre, Mlhe argument, I* oflea nrgtfd In trying times of keening money in I ho country he tipcti they will ?m? duly understood nnd aproclatcd by the public in s?ihmI; h? Intood* kevpinj an elegant and uitoniivit n*snrtm?ni of gentlemen'* Hlnck and Drab Hats; ConiUtingof nil tlic different aoalllie *at?d ?lt-ip?i, to* thar w Kli youth* <tml children* Hat* nnd also Military lUU lor allftrerfMot officer*.nil of which will Ixt dlspov-ri ol at wbotesalcor retail for cash, ?i loir lu Ibny inn lit purcitiurd In Cunalc?lon, and warranted superiority II*?* bronpht from the North, ptraonsrusidiui*, in the country wishing hai* of any particular t|u?ll|y or fashion, con nci:om modated ill toe sho last notice by forts anting tin rise of the head and tin- beichth *1 the crow 11. N B VII nnt* purchased ol tlio subset ihe \vi!) lie dressed erntir Cash paid f.ir allkluda of llatl< rs for 0 llOCIITitASSr.R. December 25 M " '1 lO JAII.ORB Aloiut I lie ?1*1 AngUM l ist' l.ucy left toy |ilnntutifits iui ftiimletou's areek, l?*acaiter district. ftlic l< <l>?rk complect ed,spate made, coii^d>'rnhly <liih fared, having a very htfh forehead, ha* a ler/n gap in the (rout row of in.r upper teeth, lib* lived abont Colum bia and tva* sold by A. or ftandy I'reijiiai to .loi o 'iiwch df Ibia district,io February last flhc lw?n down look and ia iiihrIi whip oinr!:r.d. I'.forma, tion ol oer dnccled to (tilt otlice wuuld Iw thank *"lly ro&ardcd. r.F.r.HOV If \MMOND, T.lbrrty f 1 ill, 31 <1 l)ec I8J8 <1 l? ' IHiAtti&At.. 7 ' "J tf I. 8ltF.lt .IAN, ItaveYv moved Ibetr Conch I. Manufactory to the aouth uud nf the thick IlaoCT?nfeW door* below their Saddlery Ware, house, abere they llave on hand a Inrpe a*?ort< tMPl olC*rr'a*i?,eoii*>jliiij;nfcoaches, llarourli ns, Uij??, Tilbury*. ftu<k*ye Dearborn*, lie. kr.. which they will sell at piice* that tally with thr times. N. B. they will repair all kind* of Carriage* on reasonable term.*. Jan U3.IR.n>, , -I If "CAUWILti. & CoT7 HAVK on Imud and are ricclvitij; I he lotion ln|> article*, vl?. Sdcar, t.'i.flVn 9aH. Vuu l'owder. Impciinl and Ily(?in "fen*. ? Old 4'/> p-onl t.'o*. Brnndy, dlb proof Jam. Hum. OIJ Ma?l?ira Wine. 'fenenlTo Mula^a do. old fori Wliie lu bottles L'uvlon l'ortrr |0. Ton* BwerJe /lion, nssortej. Uerinau H:?al, KnilM'" IliiiU r do Amcrii-au do. Ilowlauds Mill nod Cross tiiit Haws d.* C??t rtie?f;Naifarnncl Bandnrnon'* brand*. 40 d<>z. weeding Ii?m?. n??mted ?<re* Wliiite innri'a C'<?llon nod Wool card* Uullows, Aavilt, Viuts, Slud^o and batidllain mers. Bof^ioc, Ibuie nnd Iwlne. AI.S<>. A general .is?o?tment ?tf hartUvnrr nnd cutlery. All of which will l>e udd as ion- a* Ibis inaj-fcet M ill afT.ird. Colnmh.a, 13 Feb. 1820, 7. If commercial hotel CWNllfi ?*l?w?rlh?T vi*ry ri-?|irrtfotly inlorm* lilt .JL friend* t?t>d tlio imiMIc K? nM/>llv.l I'M linlm* npflrK'l * IIOIJBK OK KNIKRTAlNMKNl for Tfattlltf UnA Honrtftrt on llto .Main ?lrrrf ,nn<lin j itte m?d?t nlthe cotton nwu'irt. Ili?tmu>r i* t??r?r?? c nnd ronvenlenl.and llir. be?| the mnrliil aff.irili.j will el nllUrtiw tw? In |??cnlv. Tk?* iMcil n?wa from Knrnpc i? rm>lv< <1 nl, rri?rv snivel, th*. enrri'M |?r|t??** from Nf\v York weekly, betide* different daily |mi??r?. l> liKCKLT. Novom icr 21, IOCS. 47 if Hattn o/ Ijnnd Afortyotffil lo the I'a/ier flft * din in. T|Ur>8(fANTtnnnn-t f?;i??cil on the lOihKrli. Jm. 1*91, entitled,B An *H f?r (.'rmltinliy rtiliiHt in and ?Inking the i'aper Medium ???ii?-.J t.y vjrlu? of Ml net ml it l? ? I, "An net |o Mlnhloli a >l< <lli>m of circulation. by way of loan, ami to ?*ciir? it* rreUM and ?Ullty," |>ewr?l the Itfth of Ot I'll). The Stele 1'reMUier in Clwrknlne, *>vm uotu-e, that on Wedn*?d.?y lf?o 4ilt ilay of A|>nl m-m, will <lieyoae of ot ftlMlc bul", at tin- Kxfltan^, to tholii;rh???t bidder, fheMloWmx l?and? Mortgaged to the t'aper Mnlitim Itoyii Olfic, ami apply the proeeetl? ei directedl?y tlir vud act, uule?? tli? ee?p*etiredefaulter*!)! the mi .m time make pay ment ol the haUtir# of |>rinft| *1 and inler??t n??w 4h<> on their bniiiii together with the (thnr^n thereon. The *alo will t>rgn? at 11 o'cWk, when plait* and their dotociption* will IwproiJu' c<l. Ro. 4ltl. Jn'?n Pn?te!l -five Iravti of (.and ?? flforjfHown Oi?(rM, a<li"iiiitt? eeeh other, em. tainto* in the whole 2^W0 aoree near River. No. 14. Thomaa Wetiee?A lot of land on th? Dai of.Georgo'own, No. 3<),?mtalnin< llflfy 0 in irn?| thereof, north on f*an<!? In lonfiojrtl. retate of Daniel f lorry, ronth ?m Samuel Wrr*; ciiarm:* si. runman, /w?r*. ImrarfOArt, CbultAv ii MmehO. II it tDOJM' ii > i mm HI ?.i i H1*.! HJJUHmgy 8PEBCH.OF MR. GILMER, On the bill to reflrat the Tannage Outlet, Ifc. delivered in the Iloute of Ucfireoenta ttvce, February 4,1839. Til* Hum |>rM?rdril In Ihe (flwl<]mll(? of the bill to nt|ml the loonag* dotka upon ?l?l|w had vmtii of lh? Uniitd SlatM, nnd upon mKiim forei^i j mud III* au??toa tolng oo ordering it to be mcrowed foe ? third rmdiof? A Her Mr. Sprague liadttken 1th acat Mr. Gilmer rote. He said, that he felt himself called upon to answer some of the re murks of the gentleman from Maine. He had not known that there wu any tiling so vitally important in the bill before the house, and he was turc there wai nothing In the! manner ot his opposition to it to authorize the strong expressions of censure which hud fnltei? from that gentleman. 8ir, a ntrmlier of this Iioum should lie stronglj fortified, by the truth of his own prrmiiri, nnd thr <er ;ainty of hit own ronclusion*, before he at tacked, to freely the opinion* of other*. The gentleman from Mains thought the duty upon tonnage oppressive, nnd one tint*, it was very d. sir able tlmt the people should be relived from, Mr.<J thought differently. Nopmpertv, whieh U taxed nt all, paid no little directly to the government a* our ships. He estimated the vatucof ?he tonnage of the United States nt eighty or ninety millions of, dollars the duty paid bv it nt one hundred, thousand dollar's making one eighth of one; per centum uprn it* capital. Wan there any thing in this mm which looked like op- ! Iprcstinn? The gentleman from Maine nl so .consult red it as\ ervbutthcflsomc initscollcc- i ! tion. Now, said Mr. G. he believed that, upon examination, it would lie found to he 'collected with more cane, nt less cost by the government, nnd paid with more convenience by the ship owner*, than nny other tax. 1'iir government would be oblig ed to have the same officer*, nnd inrur the *nme expense in regulating our navigation, if the duty ujion tonnage was repealed. All vessels would have to be registered or liccns ed, be inspected, have their manifest* tuid rlearancck,in the same manner us at present. He was surprised ut the answer this reason ing hc.d received from the gent! em an from Maine He h.vid that the collection ot* the last 'nrifi did not require additional officer* for itb collection, any more than the tonnage duty. Wiiv, sir, the l ist tariff was not in tended to add to the receipts of the Treasu ry. It would be strange, indeed, if n law, design* <1 to lessen the revenue, should in crease the cost of collection. Hut even thnt he supposed to be probable, from a late com munication from the executive tkpavtmeut. Hut the gentleman from Maine, said, thnt, although the tonnage duty might be light, and collccttd with enie and cheapness, yet it was a direct tax upon property, aad all simi lar taxe* had been long since repealed. He fore this objection could have nny weight with the house, it ought to have been shown thnt the direct taxc?, which had been repeal ed, were similar in other respects. Kir, said Mr. (>. a direct tax upon property was, in many respects, the Lhearu-Rt of all taxes to the prople, The objections to it were the expense of the collection to the government, the difficulty with the pepplcoibcingprcti>tr cd for Us payment, and the patronage which itgavtothe government, through its nu merran iflteer*. The duty upon tonnage had all the advantages which belonged to import*, and was liable to none of the objec tions to other direct t xe?. The gentlcmnn from Maine had tint however, shown why its being a direct tax was nn objection, ex eept the other direct taxes hud been re pealed The same gentleman said that the tonnage duty, tho* light, was unequal nod unjust, and that it <vr.s not the magnitude of a t?y, but the necc??lty for, and the justice of its impo sition, that should determine it* continu ance. It was not sufficient tn prove that n tnx was unjust, in order to arrive at the conclusion that it should he repealed. It must also b< shown tint it was more unjust than nil other taxes: for the most unjust might most assur edly to be the first repealed. Unfortunate ly for c.ur country, there were many, very many, of our duties, which, according to that rule, would lit: repealed before the tonnngc duty. From the ttrong expression* of complaint I which had falle'i from the gentleuiHii from J Mnino, It nii^lit he Mitmosi <1 that thin was sotne new io/position which IU-s government w.ih about to lav upon the fcfllji owner*. How was the f.ictThe present duty of hix cents npnn the ten had been imposed in 1790 and h id been confined ever since. It had the sanction of the wisdom and i-xpeiiencc of nil thosewho had cone lietnre us. Mr. (J. saidthnt he was himself hut resisting innovation upon our established revenue system. Perhaps the gcn'.lritiiiu from M vno would himself he i willing, upim n little reflection, to retr:trt his| charge of Iniquity and ignorance against all j those who have lilt<101 to administered the government. % | The gentleman from M line, in illustrating, his position that it w.is not the magnitude of a tix, hut its necessity, that ?u*ht to deter-j mine its continuance, had referred to tin peo ple of the south a* hiving lawn inoio excite: !?y the inequality of the tariff* than its op pression, I'he gentleman know* nothing of \he situ ition of the southern people, When the low price of their ?gr .cultural ptodue-| tlrtiis h.Kl reduced the profits of labor to its lowest *.tatej when, from the former urice nf produce, tlie people had Incurred ? ifge debts, and, from the reduction' In the ?ihie of their property, were unable t.? pay aem?It was then th.it the government im* HHvd 'ipon them >n system of taxation th? .<io?t unjust and unequal, nnd burdensome, tliat wast ver borne by n free people, ditring a meof pcaccandgeneral pm?|?eriiy, Their complaints had proveg'trd from the genet at OUtrcM ?nd ruin inflicted upon vated by the clrcumstancc thai and defence of their country requl no such sacrifice, hut that the cupidity ?. other portion* of the people had exacted it. Thoto other portions, though without sym pathy for us, might yet discover from the cause thut never fall* to carry its full force of conviction, (their interest*) thnt they hud pressed their exact ions beyond the jvnnt of profit. If the south be true to itself, he did not doubt it. The gentleman fnm Maine asked, why diminish the facilitiea of navigation upon the ocean, .*bcn internal communications were increased at so much expense, in making roads and canal*. This question, in the first place, was not applicable, because there was im cfT rt to diminish navigation. As to the (treat expenditure for roads ami canals, he not having voted for them, the gentleman from Maine was referred to another quarter of the home for an nnswer, with this re mark, thnt If did not understand that najvl gationupontheoecan, wnslcsscncd by incrcM thc facilities fur bringing heavy production* from the interior to the utlantlc. The duty upon ships wan compared to one upon wa gons, and the hou?c hud been asked whether one was not as just and equal as the other. The qustion would he answered when the Rcntkman who made it showed thnt a tax up -ti wagons could he ccllectcd with thp none certainty and cheapness, nnd paid with the same convenience as that uuon ships. Mr. ft said, thnt, in his previous remarks, he had &tn'cd to the house, that the tonnage duty operated us a tax upon the agricultural interests; Mid the gentleman f?om Maine had added, tint it was likewise a tax upon com merce and manufacture*, and therefore urg ed its repeal Mr. (?. took this to he the true difference between the revenue system of the !gentleman from M tine and himself. His | desire was to retain such duties as were equal J in their operation upon nil classes of the com-j inanity, itr.tl lite cheapest nnd less trouble 1 some iu their cullcction; whilst the gentle man from Maine preferred to have enforced !thoscw:ieh were unequal and epprevjlve, | nnd repeal these; winch operated eepi illy up on nil the great interest* of the community. | Mr. (J. said, that in his previous remark's 'he had attempted to shew that the luvignt ling interest had leg's reason to complain of burdens th .n any other of the great interests of the community. The gentleman from Maine hud thought proper tn nay, i-? rclar ence to those remarket hat he was mistaken in fact and principle. The use of ?.uch terms called for a special nnswer. | The whole duty paid by thr en'.irr tonijn^j of tltr United State* amounted annually to ? |onc hundred thousand dollars, ?h lie hud at-' | ready stated. There was appropriated, du- j ring the last section of Congress, f.?r the erection nf light-hetise*, the building of pier*, the .placing of buoys, the improving <>f nar hour*, and removing obstructions in riicr*, and ninking a break-water, 023,(K.0 il-Hats; making tliv appropriations for the beeeftt? f navigation near ten times the sum of duties received. One improvement nlone, design ed fur the security of vessel* navi;; I'mg the Delaware, lie did not iluubt would cost the government more than the reventi'- derived from tonnage would repay in fifty years. In i what, titen, did his mistake consist? The mistake: hi principle had been about equally supported. It consisted in this, as stated by the gcnticntnn from M^me, tlutt each branch1 of industry should pay to government the ex Cense of its suppoit. Mr. ti. denied that lie ad advanced any such principle. It was a man of straw, of the gentleman's own mak ing, tor his own combatting. What he. Mr. <i. had givtn ns a reason why complaints should not be made ngainst the government,, was urged against him a '.lie adopt ion of u novel principle. What the gentleman had j said was certainly true, that the expendi tures made directly for the benefit and pro tection of our shipping were advantageous to commerce. Mr. (i. said that he /ould assume the still broader principle that not one dollar ol profit was made from either ugrieultur.il, commercial and manufacturing lalxtr, that did not contribute to the advan tage of all the other great interests. The gentleman from M.tinc dirt not tinker-1 stand what was meant hyloniiigeiluly not go- J inK into the tueuimrv. Now this was strntiRy, hi* argument showed that he put a very i intelligible meaning upon it. Mr. (I. said, til it it hart been (hewn that, the annual appropriation*, for increasing the ' nClUfity and facilities of navigation were near ten time* the amount c.f tluit duty. In answer to what hail hcen said a* to the ! ightnes* of the duty paid by the shipping interest, when compared to other iuU rustr, I the gentlem'm front Maine had endeavored to |>rovc t|? it it wilt the most hew* v and Iwr [denv?me ?>f all others. How? \V.is it hy the duty now sought to he repealed? N<>. | But hy ihe hrnvv diltle* imposed hy the 'l ar tfl*uponiron,durR, and hemp. Mr. < t.said thnt there w.is no douUt hut that 0??>se dolus wcievety hurdt nsome to tin sh>ppu>* inter est. lie would mo?t cordially v?x?- l<r th< ir repeal. Thcv were as oppressive to atjri rultureastoeommerreand navigation. They were not imposed for the pt?ipo*c< ? t' r<*\ ?? tie, hut to promote the intere?tot the >n.nm faetnrer* of thcite article*. The jn<t eoio plaint* which the (gentleman ffoiu M ?n e made nfc.iinst the imposition* uj>oh the ,/>'<>? Fie engaged In navigation, to ?*<???? fit moot* ictnrer*, had no application to the duty sought to l>e repealed by the present ti ll. lie hud been told by the **mc i*h tlcman, *.h at If our cotton-gin* and flour-mips win' taxed, a louder sound would be heard from the BoutK titan had lately come from that quarter against the Tariff. Bir, said Mr. Ci. are we tr? bo oppressed hy the most tiniust heavy, and unequal taxr*, mid then intuited for our remonstrances? What i* it in the Bouth that U not taxed? lie could t?'!l tho gentleman fmiu Maine that cotton-gin* and mills were taxed, and heavily too. Every pound of Iron ami hemp consumed by the People of Georgia was bought at double its natural price, either tor the benefit of the government, or the Individual intereat of those wh? controlled lU' Every hoc which cultivated the poor man'? soil came to Mm charged with nit additional price for the ben efit of tome Northern mechanic. Every pound of aalt which savored the bread of the poor manof the South waa paid for bv n double portion of Inbor, leit the profit# of the rich manufacturers of salt in the Wat and North should he leaatncd. Almost every im plcment .if agriculture, and a large portion of thu articles of domestic consumption of the Southern People, were taxed from twenty-five to tw* hundred per cent. They hud to pay upon goods of fortign production nut only the duty cxactc.l by the Govern ment, but the charge of the merchant*upon that exaction. Upon domestic productions, they hud to pay to the Northern manufac turer* the same per crnt, npon their actual j Value in Kurope, charged with the same I mercantile profit. Our hats rout*, and shock) our ploughs hoc*, spades, saw*, hammer*, and nails; our pots ovens ^hovels and tnngsr lour suit, sugar, coffee, nud tea, all come to us burdened either with Government duties or the high prices sveured to the mnnufHCtu rem by the monopolies granted them, to gether with the freight charged by the Northern ship*?\"?cn, and the profits of Northern mercantile cupital. And yet the gentleman from Maine talked of the loud noise that would be heard from the South, if their intcres* were taxed as the shipping interest was. Sir, the South p: ys not only the burden* pecuiinr to itself, l/ut more than its c<pnl pioportion of every im position upon navigation, because its pioduc- 7 tlnns were heavy, designed principally for' foreign markets, and consequently requir* d ? a great nuantity of shipping for it-i tramp or-! tution. Dut the gentlrtn.'.n irom Maine sup- J posed that the Southern ngriculturist liorc! nothing like the huulcn c f the Northern ship ' owners A Captain o| a roasting vesssei from hit own ftnte, nfter his return home from his venture to tiic South with n cargo of hay, ice, butter,cheese, apples eider, and onions e?>nhl have given him information which might have set him right upon tint M|l?|cct. '1 he tm'.li was'.hit whilst our agricultural ttrodiiCti-rtH were at the very lowest possi ble pi ice at which they could be cultivated, cveiv tiling which wc consumed cnmc t?? us charged with the support ??f the Govern- I smtnt.thc merchant's and IreigV.trr's profits bounty given for the encouragement ol I em labor. j (I. observed, tint, in his previous rc , he 1*. id viid that the Public Debt or th?* bounty given for the encouragement ol Northern labor. Mr inatks ought to h<- paid lie lore th* Government commenced the reduction of its revenue. The gentleman from Maine was *>f the opin | ion that there was no necessity of continuing | tiicdutv upon tonnage for the purpose jf pay ing the Public Debt, and had gone into a cal culation to show that there would be surplus revenue in the Treasury in 18.T2, which could not he employed for that purpose. The passage of a law directing the .Commis sioners of the Sinking Fund to go into the market with the surplus funds and buy Government stock*, would remove all diffi culty upon that subjcct. Hut it was neccss ary to go into speculative reasoning about the time when the Public. Debt could he paid. It was sufficient for us that nil money that we should receive ff,r the next year could be applied to its discharge. The wis dom of tuouc who should l?c here in 1#32 would enable them judge with as much cor rectness as we could no for thrm, whether they woul' be able to use the surplus rev en | ue or not. Let us set the example of freeing j the country of it^ debt as tar as wc .nvcthe menns. Mr. he ItopH thnt, tint would be the first and leading object of the next Ad nvnistra'ion. lie believed it would bo a more effluent prcpntniion f-.r -var than nil the expenditure* which could he m ule upon prmic* nnd tortificntlon*. The effort* of a free people, whose fiction* thnold he unen cumbered with the weight of taxation would acquire an energy wholly irre?istihlc. It wa* thi* kind of energy which the Demo crat ir party had ?lwa>* v.nj|it to give to the defence of tht> couiitiy. The gentleman Ironi Maine h;;d great apprehension of corruption, ami piodigftlitt, nnd W4M<>, If a lirgc surplus revenue should he collected in Tre?Miry, Mr. O. *aid the gentleman from Maine might li; asnut ed that thone with whom he [Mr. O. ] had the hon or to net would go a step beyond himself in preventing hoth wnste and corruption He believed, nnd had nrted upon that faith, that th- wealth and prosperity ??f the country was bc*t pif moted hy permitting the People to retain the largest po&sihle proportion of the profit* of their lalnur, whrtiter for nccumu- ] I at Ion or enjoyment. Mr. (I. said he had never voted for any appropriation of the public money, hut to carry into t fleet the icKliimnte pnrno?e* of the <government. lie had voted for no donation* or partial ap pr ?prhtion*. Could the gentleman from from Maine snv xs much ol hi* e>tmo*itbmto prodigw'itv? He thought not. tlad he not iinllot inlv voted f.** pension*? Had nny null Me exticnditure bee;t violative *?{ the princl* pies of our institution*, productive of ?o little private xdvantug?, or no unequal in Ha dis tribution4 It w*s, however, he believed this very Inequality which fixed this ?y*tem of the m?wt wasteful disposition of the public Treavtrj. Kr?*HI (Ul to t <27, there had b*m ex:-*I'lwl hy the Government)rt the t>?yim-nt 'it pension*, 16,ft iS,X'.? dollar*. In 1*27, the number of pensioner* wa* 10,234, ??? whom belonged to the six New F.ngland States, nnd 1,709 to the five ft?uth erttStnte*, vl*s Mar)land, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. . Tn 1820, the representative population of the jht Ntt'Enrinwl State*, amounted to 1,659, mi that of the tame fire Southern Btatc* to 9,m,OOOL So that the Kew>En|laml Statea with a population of one-third let* than the live Southern Statea, rcct'ved more than three and a half time* at much more than the Southern State* in pension*. Our Wen* of the watte of the public mo ney often depended mote upon cur being It* recipient* than the general efTrrt to bo produced upon the community by the man ner of it* diatrihutlon. But there could l?e no difficulty in avoiding the charge or dancer of prodigality from linvlng large kum* in the Treatury, If we j looked ateadily to the great object of paying i the Public Dent. When that *hould be ac complished, there would then be tn large a Mini which would remain unemployed, that it would be difficult for the mott scheming genius for extravagant expenditure tn devite a plan for >ta appropriation. This very fir* cumstnnce would mott proliably force many moat willingly avoid of those who *ouid moat the adoption of that policy to vote lor reliev ing the People of taxes to an amount equal to the sum which wa* now annually applied to the discharge of the Public Debt. But what would l?c the consequence if at present, we rcnenl tlio?e duties which are moat equal in their Operation upon nil cle*ae*, the most ensily nnd chcaply collected, *uch a* that now sought to be repealed, nnd which, be cause they were equal, no Interest had n spe cial de?lr?* to retnln. So far n* lie rould look nhcad, the consequence would be, thnt, when the Public Debt should have been paid, the the permanent revenue of the Government would lie derived from the mcit unjnst nnd unequal taxes, mid the minority of the Peo ple would have fixed upon them forever tho ipo^t oppressive and unequal system of pub lir Inn dens lliut ever disgraced and degraded a fVee Government. Sir, the gentleman from M.\inc had thought proper, in icfcrring to the consc quctircs which would proliably nrnreed from the accumulation of money In tne Treasury, to speak of (an many other gentlemen from the name quaiter oftl/e country have of |n*o been heard to (peak) the constitutional scru ples of the Southern Members. Sir, said Mr. G. 1 for one nm proud, that, light at temples are, tlie solemn obligation* that I came under by the first act of my member ship, and the inoral obligations that bind inc to be faithful to my country, hud even tho weight of scruplcs upon my conscience! It was a high distinction, lie aaid, for the South thnt, even in legislation, she preserved her principles of rectitude. lie regretted, ho said, that the sneers and taunts which the 3outh hail received for adherance to the au thority of the Constitution should have come from that quarter o| the country, which, ! from its former opinions nnd habits, one j would hate been led to expect the more scrupulous regard to nriiiciplcx. He had always thought that political as well as reli ?{iou&frccdoin owt d more to the puritans than any other sect or class of people. I'.ut said the gcn|)emnn from .' laine, ought wc not, as prescient statesmen, to look ahead of us, and preuarc against any great revul sion in trade by reducing taxes gradually* Was there not, said he, a choice in the ob ject* of taxation? lie answered ye*. And the gentleman** own statement gave the. same nnswer to his question, lie had said thnt the shipping Interest was taxed at this time to the amount of four or five millions of dollars in the increased price which it had to y'. -c for iron, hcmt>, and duck, on uccount of the duties imposril by the Government.? Did these four or five inilliorts of money go into the Treasury for the benflt of all the Peopie of the Union, or wa* it paid to other Inn rc?t* for their special advantage .'Certainly to the latter, lie pud this question to the gentleman from Maine, whether it would nit be more in the spirit of hit own opinions to lessen th< duties upon those article* which were to oppressive and unequal In their operation, a* those upon Iron and hemp were acknowledged to lie, than to tak<; off a duty -ilwayn imposed by the Gov ernment, easily and cheaply collected, nnd < qua) upon all the great interests of the com* inunity, as the duty upon tonnage wa*. The gentleman from Maine had, however Riven u* a lint of art it U a, which a Commit" tee of the Senate had reported some yearn a?o, aa tin se from which the preaefil im~ porta could be mo*t r.r?>f?erly withdrawn, when the public debt should lie paid off, ahd cmtraftU those articles with our ahippinf:. Upon examining that list, it wna apparent tlmt the Senate'* Committee waa not of the opinion that the duty upon tonnage ought, under nny circumstance*, to be leaaened.? The gentleman from Maine waa very indig nant tlwt it ahoutd br propoaed to take off the duty from aitk. He had given ua an ani mated invective against luxury in dreaa, and brought befoie the Hnttae, the man of wealth 41-rayed splendidly in that gorgeous nttiro by the indulgence of the government, that It might be able to be properly indignant at the pto|,f><tal of the senate'a committee. How it hud occurred to him, that when the gen tleman waa spurning at the proposition to take off the dotv upon ?itk became it was a. luxury, he had forgotten hi* xealou* rapport of the bill now before the house to lessen the dm lea upon tea*. He though himaeff, aaid Mr. ti. that the rustling of ailk, ahd the dipping te?, wen* very appropriately to gether. He was of ?pinkni that there wo* thi? decul jd advantage in lator *4 the en* rnnragement of the use of ailk over that of tea, that we were able to exchange the product tana of our own country lor ?ilk, whilst the ten trade constantly drained the country of ita specie. The gentleman from Maine, in hi* philippic against ailk, termed | to have forgotten that all the people of the United State* did not tire hi hit own frown