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destroy sovereignty, and tbfwewi of subsis teoee. Denythis right, mm) >uu take torn us a plivikKr enjoyed fnm thr fiitt breath log of sovereignty, and, without whl^h, th? m*te might lit* ciushcd, by an overwhelm ing Mk'.tm like an unoffendingvassal befort the throne of majesty. But, it may, alto, be thought that a st?t< excise would conflict with that part of thi constitution which provide* that, "nostatt ah.til, without the content ?f Congress, la> any imposts, or duties on im|H>rts and ex ports, except what may be necessary for ex etutliiK its inspection laws." One moment') reflection will satisfy you, that this has n< bearing either intimate, or remote, on thi right in question. The clause, merely, transfers to the general government, a jk>w. er enjoined hy the states under the article) o: ontcdr ration: this wasdone by theconven< t?on, lor reasons the moat conclusive, and foi pnrpostt the most salutaty. But to return would a state excise levied indiscriminate!) upon foreign and domestic articles, operati as ? tax upon import*? What is an import! A thing imported. What is h tax ujmn im< portsMt ts a duty levied on a thing im/iortr<li secured iKtoie the iiutxnter is permitted U exert un act of ownership over it, wliirlt ta? Is paid by the consumer. We admit, that? st.tte cannot tax an im|>ort, us such, while it retains that distinctive character. Why n if Bee..use it it under the protection ol tlu- xencrul government, to which it has paid a tax, by way of consideration, for ccititiii i?r?v ilegen enjoyed bv the importer: it fol low*, t lien, that ?tate taxation, in sutlt In stances, can only operate when the article loses the character of an import,bv mingling with tnc continon stock of the citizen. But the |>ower we claim, you perccivc, does not imriuge that of the union?the one only begin*, where the ether ends??c do nut, cither in principle, or in fact, violate the clause prohibiting the Mate to tux imports. We only claim the right of taxing the pro perty of our own citizens, regardless so far aa the inlicient power to tax in conccmcd, whether the article sprung from the soil of Cub.t, >r of Georgia?whether it came by o< eiiM,or by land, by port, or by contra-hand. Tht (.nly (pit Minn for the Legislature is, whether, the.>rticle is within the legitimate bCop> of state taxation, or not. 'I here in this characteristic differente between a f?? reign article, liable U> it custom house tax, and such as xre pr?Klured,nn(l manufactured, Wit bin tUe United Slates, The former, by virtue of a tax paid the general government, is exempt from taxation while it remains in tin- actual or tonstru tive possession of the importer, us an import: the lattei, having p. id no tax, enjovs no stirb protection, hut is immediately subject to state legislation:? in a wind, it is precisely the same as a fo reign urtu le after it has passed fiom the hands of the impoitei, ai d lost the distinr tive character of .nt import. It is < lear, that an ext ist* upon .irtielcs m ami fat t ured or pro ducts. in a sifter state, is not such a tax up on i xjn.rts, as tne vlft scvuwii 01 im ? t '?Mil the constitution prohibits; norisit mii h a tax upon imports as conflicts with the cl.iu'e ? f the constitution in question, or in ant manner, or dcgi ee, abridges tluyight of state taxation. A state cxtiso may be th. tight, by some, I to niti rfere w.th the ex? lukive powerof Con- I grcss "to regulate commerce between ft> retail nations, mul anions tin* several sUtci"/ By iriiciiigthe nulijcclihtou^liutl its bciriijgs m.el ii?niittc?tiun> Mich may m n remote dc grie, lie imagined to be its efl'et ts. )o fact, taxation in any shape,unit in every modifi cution (if it, m?y be Mid to tramel, to a cer tain extern, the operations oi' comment; but wii< li is not the way to test tike question: we hli' Ulcl take it U|>on In ond, coustnutlMlMl giound: remcmbi r Ihe origin und principles <ii our g>\ernmeut: the elifctmrtivc features of federal ami Mate sovereignty : the rupee-1 ti\e spheres of action prescribed to eacht und, al?'?ve all, the history and object of tue^ clause in debate. Tne principle coutainciK in thiNcjaUse was the lunmitting incentive to tne federal convention; and >t \v<uld not be CXtr.o.igant to ?a\, that to it we are, ch:t fly, indebted for the constitution of th?- union. * Under the confederation, the states had the ngnt t) iemulate commerce, the eonsc qui nee wan a coinnn rcial strife which an.it kled commerce, und rent the confede racy. Measures ol retaliation Und refuge the mokt unequal, oppressive, and grinding, ?wire alien ding the affections uf the state*, and inflaming the heartkof the ptopie. The crcdit of the union was hunk?it* revenue pieearioui?-and its plighted faith u bubble ?-t I test crying evils called for immediate remedy?amidst thi* contusion and disma), with domestic tr <de shackled?foreign coni n.eiee declining?treaties disregarded? comnact* violated?in shoi-t, when the or tiie revolution was depurtittg, states, themselves, ?tHiting from bits it was eoiikide red necessary that some th tug effectual sh-uld lie do^ei (o save the honor and freedom of the confedetecy. The wist loin of the age saw the necessity of u more encrfptic government, pan .1 nlarly in regard to commerce and revenue?the result vras a convention; and, iti.ong "th r 1 ow thai of reguiulhtff commerce was c nsiuercd one of the nu?t important to an efficient genei al government. But, while we ?ee and admit the alisoute necessity for the exclu sive exert ise 01 this powei by Congress, we cannot imagine how a state excise can come in constitutional col'ision with it. On the conti ar>, we cleiirly perceive how all the valutitrv, constitutional, commercial opera tions < I thegencrulgovernment may be pro* motet!, simultaneous with tnetax. Indeed, these powers have been contemporaneously practised, under the respective governments, ever since their foundation. We profess not, now, to contend for a new p<twer?we only < Inm the simple right ol tax dion by way of excise?a right atwaye enjoyed b\ the state, and never before qtteeilonctl. it conceded thst it may he levied ?i onearti eh , it follows that it htny be levied on tin re being nothing to prohibit such CXten* ei'au if conceded to tne anv-unt of Super cent, it fnllowa that it may be encreased to twit !? twenty?to any extent?for the riglit of *axatKm, once conceded, is, from its na ture unlimited. It it tree, there it some ? The otyeet of the partial aoavratiaa ef iVI#fst#?.si Aunsfr'lis,waste i?*>v?le wore taally. tar the emmmtttUl interest oI th* union jUiiSUMt'd e g' n*>r?l rrvitioa ?f th# srtiel> ? ^^WlfrtifrstNMi, wbKh r**ult?d In the fc>f0*t?oe of the ptesent coo*titeti<m of the Ueited fetste*. thing plautible la the argument, that a tax* or excrac, upon a commercial commodity to I the extent to prevent its tale within thr state, to an unconstitutional interference of Mate legislation, with tht exclusive |kw?w of Congress tn regulate commerce. But,if we iet out with the position, that the reserved (towers of the state, in regard to taxation, are unlimited and can show that in question to be one of them{ and, that the. power* re served, on that subject, are limited only by the prohibition no to import* and export*, we will, instantly, see that u com mercial rommoditv may l>e taxed, even to exclusion, without violuting the cluusc of the constitution which give* Congress the power "to regulate. commerce between foreign nations, and among the several states." In 'truth, it woeild not be difficult to imagine a case in which the state* by virti?. of the taxing power, might, without u fialfiabie violation of the constitution, so far exclude all commerce, unto destroy the revenue aris ing from im|H>sts to the general government: an indiscriminate tax by way of excise, to prevent the sale of certain articles within the state, could be made to' producc this effect. If it be true, to tax a commercial commodity, by state legislation, is an uncon stitutional interference with the power of Congress to regulate c? mmtrce, then have we liecn in the constant violation of the con stitution of the uniott: if it he not fmr, and, as before said, slate taxation is unlimited, sn\e in the instance prescribed Wy the con stitution, it results that such commodity may be taxed to any extent?e% en to prohibition. That we have been in the constant cxcrcise of thi* power, in the it list met, is apparent from the annual tax of itoek In trailr. What is this but a tux upon commeicial commodi ties lor purpose* of revenue* May it not be cncreased, at the discretion of tlie legisla ture? Will any one say, even when carried to-the utmost extent, that it is an iuterfcrcnr? with the power of Congress t?> regulate com merce, because it is a lax upon a commer cial commoditt * The familiar case of uii excise upon retailer* of ardent spirits is, also, a tax upon an article of commerce; but will nny tine presume to *av, that this, too,. is uii interference with the |M<we? of emi gres. to regulate con merce? I might, also, inst.ince the* cice of pedlers who pay a tax to the state to nuthoris' them to vend goods in a particular way, and ask, whether this is, also, an infringement nf the constitution of the union.' Indeed, this principle ennied to the extent contended for, by many, would strike away, at onct, all the rights of state taxation. The constitutionality of such an cxcisc would In tested by the supreme court: and here a question arises: would it be c m: f ti nt for tb it tribunal to pronounce the 1:?w tjr///nnd voltl, when it w:i* not f.rima fitae, a retaliatory measure.' Unquestionably not. It is not within the constitutional province of the judicial v tr be governed l>\, what tl?c\ may deem, trgnlatht Intention?tbey ran their efetflWW'.i **> ? !>e influenced in bah(r rffrcts of all act?their duty is To'iiftr?" pret t(i- law as they find it-to be governed by it* till'- .?ml the afi/iarr/it intention of its Trainers?and not call that rrln'iaiory, which purport* not 1t tie so, even if surh would be itsiff.rts?i departure from thi* principle w >tiId bi indicia/ /rffMuthnf and thai ki"d 'of dmrrrtf.n which I.otri Camden denoml nafs, the /</?!? of tyrants. Hut a strong ar gument in favor of the protection of surh a law, finm the federal iudiriijrv, may be drawn from the fact, that the tariff is in vulnerable to any attack from that court. Whv? Because, from its title it purpoii* to be for revenue when it is in f.i< t, intcnihd lor prohibition, which makes it, in spirit ami efftct, direc tly hostile to the title it bears. Upon the same principle, an excise law, purporting to be-for revenue, but intended for prohibition and retaliation, would b?? rfpnrtty secure from judicial interpretation? J hi* K:ime shield which protcct* the one, pro tects the other. The federal juilu iar\ could not, without the most daring inconsistency yid base corruption, prescribe to itaelf a different rule of action in construing a state law, from that ndopttd in the cunstructi<aiof a law of the union. If this view of the sub je? t l?e lorrect, a state excise, intended for prohibition, hut cntithd a revenue art, would Ik- just a<? secure from judicial attack, astlie late tariff, which purports t?? promote, what, in effert, it destroy#. The judges, in i?oth instance*, sh? uld he governed l?v <hc stern pt'imiple, iha* they can mil) judge of tefrUtaHve Infcntfan hy the title of the Inw. Perhap* 1 have dwelt loo long on the con stitutionality of an excite of the kind in it demands ial _ familiar fo the "people. Nothing should be conceded or concealed when an infernal spirit Ik at work t" grasp the *crptrc of dominion: destroy the so\erei/nt\ of (he spates, and to establish a power, -it'the centre, moie hateful than des potism. But, while I contend for the right of the siatc to lay a prohibitory excise tax, I am not prepared to admit its expediency. So far an public opinion has been expte*scd, in the section of the state i represent, there is decided opposition to it Iti adoption should not be dreamed of, without the active eo operation of the princ pal plantation states. Should South (.arnliua, alone, adopt this policy, she would stand, like a Vulture u|K>n a r*?ck, devouring herself. She would either be cut off from all trade foreign and domestic, or feel taxation, with n double vengeance, in the shapo of n Tariff, and an ejxeNe. In either event, the stiirit of her I people would fail?the wheels of circul-ition mo|>?-the wings of commerce he furled? her streets and puhtii places become deso late?nod the rank l grails wave in her vai* lies. II?*r indign?tT?n wiuld be routed at a rec.odectinn of her wro?-gs, and the stings of *?// hi/lie lion, would goad Iter into mad ness. Hy such u policy, ?he might bring .dniMa the ay stem, wj}li all its rurse*, with IjWlienjIt-tnte upon the heads of her own cttisen^lrflBle our enemies would Ifttigh at our ca,aniiFfHMMkdL',t fHr ^?"y ^ on id not such a tax WC?*Wlul, be paid, exclu sively. hv our own cltsMto? W011W it be exjied'ent. or generous, t^>ey*liate upon Ms tea, suffering liketynnny, mnbe violence and e.Hmea 0# the government (She Unio- j would not ataxofthls kind, it paMftourcn sens be aagrlevoustobeborne? a* tw Inflic ted hv the Tat Iff? Has It not brM^bdled n Sta't Ttm/f?monofiofy inortjlrrt-^^uc thn varuft Whether thus baptised)** not* neb would be its effects. In the' lan u?Ke ui a dlatiuguished executive of ? neighbouring Mate?" Utile** widlUom) birtkeni, relieve the over burthened, end ?elf infliction it retaliation, no beneficial effects will How from Die power of iutc UUUttNQ." 1 have, recently, seen en argument which, Nt first, fttiuik. me <u somewhut plausiblt It is that u judicious selection of excisable articles, ut s rate uf taxation merely suffi cient to prohibit the domestic, and Mint it the foreign urtick, would encrease our for eign commerce, and promote the consump*' titio ofoui staple commodities. Thisestab lishcd, and the expedieuc) of Mich a meas ure would be manliest. 1 he position is pre* dicutcd upon the hypothesis, thut our for eign commerce could be co-existent with a state excise, in cffcct, retaliatory. Prove tins and we will with alacrity admit, thut oui staples would, under huch circumstnn* cck, be made to supply the place ol a circu lating medium; aim tliut the importer, by pa> mg lor impoi ts in the produce of ihe lm porting countr), would return to the consu mer in enhanced price and consumption, something like at equivalent for additional taxation.?-This miuikIs better in hpccuia tion, tliu.ii it would answer m practice.?'The argument, you obtvrve, protecds upon tliie pimr.iplc ol ? commercial reciprocit) which could not exist. The cAect of mii excise, sufficiently hcavyto banish northern lubrict, wouid. mcvitabi), drive tt? to the establish meiit of manutactureiiul home?and, in pro port .on a* U?ts t) it?m extended, mi would the consumption of impoi u dimimsli, and ' tile demand ol our law material detune.? | liven undci the mo*t lavoiable circumstan I i eh, tuc movt snngum* can imagine, the sup I pi) ol our raw material would, ver> lar, ex II ecu the demand?the consequence would be taxation, without an) returning iKNlllty to tne cititeii?a uee leased, and decreasing demand lorour jiioduee?with u consequent desertion ol loreign and domestic commerce. 1 lie experiment m too dangerous for bouth Carolina to mane?crushed and shuttered a? she is?without lhe enthusiastic Cb-ope i riUoiioi hue.li states us migiil, by a simulta neous impulse, ueai e ? 11 oppression, and uurl dow u the munstei ol cupid'ty lorcvci! II, tin n, >t ih vain to petition and reiuuii sti.tte?il ituu-coiiftUmptioii i evolutions me iitelieetual?..nd a st ile excise inexpedient ?the proper alternative, (piovided tlieoo iioxmuh meiiMirc in not imai.hed, oi repeal ell,) Ihtt.'ri Alk CUKVMilloN. " \ Can #c nope lot .4 :e,.e.?i.' ii >s not pub lic opinion neen made to Uear upon tile sutr jeel, m e>ei} shape, Irom the nigli appeal >1 stales, to 1 lie iiuiu'jIv petition 01 mdiv .du .its' lias not reason .md passion?temon mi ante, nd ..ibuimiit?entreat) and threats, ?icetl cxnauftUd' 1 uere is no car to hear u??no heart u% feel lor out' w 1 oagft?no gt-n eiohit) to icdiesh uieiti,?we have been ap* peailn& to lOeks?winds ale as elii|,t) aft echoes?patience is eXuaUhted?all tuat we 1 an do, in that suape, lias utcn done.?Avar iee, h*ft no nem t?Us appetite glow s on w nut ---? C?. a..ir,'JiW4; orr on Hie aieit? it Call I'll? v in %?.kin ||) ?t<ii in?illv wu) in conqucr u, i? to tear It* itioi I l oin ilk i?? ul. l?ui me tttall ul uoith IIII, allll WttDlilll UiJUhUU' iH'C. UOt COIitllltU to .vmiiiia?iu?) u-ittt cxiviuua uty?.nd tue W.UI11?(Ik ihui uiui b ol L?..bl.tial li<*ve r?ach III U*?IICI CO|Up(ullll? M II, U'-UwUtk*, lie to miiiic mute uinblt tu.hi nti tiiunutr, for tin-; appeal t<> ??// tntertal, 1 trukt, mm COUllUy ftlli Uklj MVill. i lit lUtC lUttiilllH act in lai^lauil i? utsincd topioiluic n litiul i fleet upon ?iur com me rend murine. by M li'lil^ll lilll.agc llUt), llll|rtlMll III (MUV* i|uviiu otuui 1 arm, tut* United Stales wilf !u?c nit- c.?rr> mg umIv el our ni?|>te couun, tiu txt'Oi t oi ? melt ttiiint, requires ?t te*sti y lUtiiN. ui our shipping. i'rut, we ouy#J i>) wit) ol i clall.il mo, put Mil nUditioila) tlflj upon Lugiikh iiiauulMcturck ?ith * dimmuM ed uut) wiicu conveyed in ouro*u>hip^jHf tliu Mill not paliatc, much 1cm rcntedflHK: cmI. The consequence will be,jkflRur commercial ?iii(i ii.tv.il mui iirfdlfl^pride uiul filmy of me nation jdj^pmrnly be swept from thenceau, it will, uls", reuq|HP?c! that nothing but tlit recipr-itity traced luii, with the condition annexed lowem ?t.ii, pice tuud (jrcat ririlnin HtlMRtcuKni in Parliament, from pawing u rdLliator) tux upon our cot ton. Tliu cWmAui, alluded to, in that the Mqffsvilvtd on tAcive month* either party. Mr. ilunkihson ku^ge-^j^^lnat the most manly couim wouldjV to give the proper notice: ne s.n<!, |lyprilic:pul exports of Amcrieu, to tTTrewunti') , Were tobacco, lite, tolion, and turpeiilhie, and that it would iHit l>e dilln ult tor Iviglauu to Mipply herself from other tpiartcrs lie, also, i marked, tlint while the trade ol the United State* with lirea't iirit ain, uisountt d to one half of titi the rxjiorl* oj ifirlr own /irotl action, it homed only one tixlft of the wnoletiadc ol England: and ap pealed tn the miIkt and temperate ronside ration of th<>?e who ought tu lie tiie rniersof the derfiniesof tlie Uinteu State* to decide*, wbethti it wm? a safe game for them to rule one hutf ol their tiad?, in older to impede KngUkd m a In am li ol commerte, wliith i? only our ttxlh ut her whole foreign trade: and concluded >iy kayiug that the United Mates would, no douot, repent the day kht adopted tins absurd policy. Mr, lier.rctary Peel, urged the present conduct of America mu a reakon for laying (he foundation of a more extended tn.de uith new market*, lie suggested the tn.'iacco nt the West Indie?, the cotton ol Mnuil, and the rice of India. Ii m li??|?*4 thai IK* lhr*atnittg |toiirjt ?i ioi?iyi < ouutriM, mmiog in *<d??l juMn- oj.n, ??mi it h?m*, may ihHucik-* Hi* major ilg tn Cm ? gf'H In th? ...n?lnull?n, nu<I ?>ur riy i?, HimI ?nil ih< m to rffttora lh* t-uuu tj to j.iwf f l?f kol ^?ar* Hul. >U Ihn cur*>rjr revirw of lh? mran* of ra mUM4, liate w? nut negUctrtl *w m?r* rfTectu al llitat all/ Y??, lh*r* l? a la?t altvmatlV*, whiut wrh#n all otlwri lull, luajr ><? rtilwrd to, a?l ?tiuit ?u< *?<l. I a Hud* lo lh# powar 01 tli* rt?(r to b*M> hrr**ll iijh.ii hor toVMnfiitif, anJ n?l/| th* unrtHtlilHliottal uf Ih* (Mitrul <<>\ j riiKMuL, lh?n *r* riglil* r?a*?r??l r<>Mirttftin/ ? |MftH? ol. ?Into w*?rrl(iiif<?Hirl? ran oly '? ??arp*d by ? ?|??ril of awl IH* *.t |fiftrip(M ol ttif ptmU*H?n ?rn?l?i aaikorr tnittolv* th? g<iv*n>m?ftt into it* i-rgi* m+ttU iBOfiW U? ?loCawl IkiM. TW? >? iNriM. It *?i ih? memmJ ol M, a<h? t?lriarch* of c?}.uMwaii??m. ^?lnt It o(lk? hlbf, now iwitr?4 la U? lib* feotriM or it-im >** of I breathed by IwiW, bio Uwml nf?? Tjie renin* whiab' dictated Ik* ?*????? *t iW nld /niml administration la tl work in the re l>ublie TIm spirit of tho alien awl sedition laur* >im irim from It* lomb. D?*? lha gboa( of theii ? uihor (taunt tb? Or hat lb# manlle ?flan on hi* onljf ktgolttn sen Wt lira in sl'aage ttmaa. We ere aae*e hthitHj Iba a?e: Waura under lha dynasty of the allae ami eedilion lava Our (o?rmn?Dl baa bark thirt'g yeera en I Ha dim I plult a/ iimt Wa art with an enpirrd cmtury Hi-1 there ara meeoa ol restoration ll ?a arilh lha |*opla to ?|>|>1y ilia correema. After lha short, interrupted reflection I have jiven thi* rubject, my opibion if. thai lha ar?*t npfdirni ami |*opuler roirN would ha, to racom mami to Ilia |?ople, if lha Tariff la do! repealed ? r modified; to appoint dalaKataa In pwH in coo ventioo, after lha wil wwoa of Cuogres*. Par ? hapa, il m?y Iw retorted that this look* like flinch of from the cririM that it is returning ?|Mi Iba people that responsibility which tbeyhiive thrown nn u* Ba il aot nothing emu ba loat by such a court*, whila maMthwn woakl ha risked by pre cipitaricy When I speak of risk*, lat ll be dis tinctly understood thai I allude not In personal popularity?I taka no credit to myself when I any, thai I wovld. umlar pro par circumstances, ha proud 10 ii*k my property ami my lite much leas my popularity for Iba hoau and safety oflha data. Tha remark, you perceive, ia not matin with a liauhliof senaibilily to personal reaultf, but in (cltrtm* lo tha ttormt and c>ovul#ioos of tha limes, and to lb* dangers which daah.lika billow* against tha data. But. to ratura; abould lha re racommaodatioo nf a convention ba unpopular, lha |>aopU. by refusing lo appoint delegate*, will laava Iba matter wbara ra found it IC an lha contrary, a convention ba mpiikr.lhf paopla will ?and their agents specially charged with ?>n.o manna of radreat, ar raaiatanca: tbta vary discos* ion may maa to enlighten them on the subject oTinstruetion. Evan, tha heestofore ' beedlese voice nf ramonalranea, will atriko lb# aar of np prc*?i?n with mora forao, aaoilaf, a? it qjjHmi from iba paopla robad in original eignJy, and should il bafloamad uecaaaery ./*r; jwmiM>a*. that tha *4ata should aland on reserved rights, and, by virtue of bar sovereignty, pronounce tha ulknaive law nntfand M lh?, ?hould ha <b?a by iba paople, or tbair delera ta*. in convention assembled Tha aonstltntion wa* formed and ratiftail by convantion; Mere tn<! iKtrt only in thia country, can wa Ind fba charm eon* wy?d by the potent word *overaigntyi if thia ba truo.it results lhat tha moat efleclM) mode of re. lief retida* with the serci ihtm l>e all lha power, and all thM^^Hhilily: tha r>e?-i>1a, in thalr sovereirn napH^ |?o1iiieally speaking ran dono wrnngj lhera|3Lr?rihly ihiw. ar above thrm -?4v<>* iHipoli/uprdei.*' I differ with Iba gentleman from Rirhmml. Mr Prcsti>n who hold* that *4tvereisrnty r? <n the L?-gi.|n. Inre It i* myopin on llini |NuH"unt rorereijtn t V retiiUt not in the l<'Ktili(fl( n-ir In any. n?r nil theilepnrtmenl* nf^nvafl^Bnt; '>nt inth" pro pie. in thalr native. nrlgi^HfftMrncier ? I tru?t. the nrrcct viaw i? that llUfSop|r ||?veonly <lelr> rate?lto Hie |^eyislatur^Mar//on ?/tnrtrtignljf. nn/ allutrrreifnljf T(MM ha* Itccn *ai<l tlmt toverdrniy I* inlivjdjjp lh*t II canno' be?plil into'ruction*, or lia^Kl by check*, ami that we mu>t either ??y tha^Sa>i*l< nbtflnirlft in thr L> pi?latlire, nr not at iH Thi* re?wnlnt would ?n ? ?w r better for n<9n^ic>. than for re->ubllc> ?ten?? unlmiltd poSjM'r mtri/e pur/min. with on* i>ariinc wilnjd^Pmern or avan nny poirtr over oH|<c|* n<>t igH^ntrd Tha rlfhl ofla*?> i lion, and ?'fiHM>r<mPktion for eoortitutiooal objaet* are two. of mnn^Bitaticr*. whieh m'flit be jiren | where the |ta?V bare de|ex?'e<l to lha I.e t?lainre a paHMmaf tortrei^nly. and wool I it not ba abturd ImBlow nu' the ur^u>nrnt hf envintr; bec?n?e tba^jflkve del sratixl a portion the* hare dcle*ala.UlWir/?e>n ?ucli wonld*>e lha ?Muctioo ?if iho*ajgp ciiitond for the indirltibihljf nf ? ll m?y here he well in a^nmiMilT en en|>laoatorv remark When I ?l?le have dalerateil lo tha rnrinu* ffovernmrnt a portion of*overeijn mean that, iiower *!iu? <le|a?ate<l i* Irrevocably gone. | detire lo convey, > U merely a tlelexnt ion of it |torlion of sorer jlily for puri?o?e? of Korarnment, to lru?tre?.nr Mnt*. in t?u?t for the people, who may, at any ime.<|e*troy eovernmenl.noo?tilntiniH,an<l efent* and rail baek all (ton er, Accnrdin; l" t hi* ele* m?nt?rv view of the matter aovereifiny may. par ba|a he *aid lo he. not only imlivUible. but >na. lienable |)m the nrfitaenl ntny be i>ur?ned until |i In**! itrelf In ita ?iwa *nbtilti? *. | imWl niel of thu* reflnmjf away prwc.lical rirht* Sol wee ti ilwn |o??y that ullimmlt, undiriM wt. er?ic 'v,^, with the mtonlc luicyivcreirnly may I* |ire*umcd tonr'it in th? irotn Uie lect, Ihtl /w turrti art /.tghlnlutu amy ?Iter, ?? amend lh? rnmli' lotion of the 4nte?Now. even a<ltnitl<n/, for argument ?ake, L( tun mmttir* f.rgiihlurtt. are, in ?mf l**WL equivalent to i movent on ?>f'Ik V ?'fw in favor orMHiWm* the /<fri'i/?/Nrr,K^o( iir?ny(h?M)| without it can be ?h wn that IW% act of a ?tegle tewon of I^I'WuWi '? ?*I rwittHvlmil \y. nnivaleot Into* exit* 0ftw? 1^,^,,,,^ confirmed ly an popular election You perceiv^ I hen, it do*4?t(hy #ojr meiM|# fo|. ? l?w ni a corollary. I?muh? ao^creignty may U (?returned l? em>t in fwe ?*??*LrgitUfuru, that it may aim e*tM in a ring, tlure. |i ha*, aU. been urged thai \ra?,r#?ti.m, rail- 1 nl in |>ur?uatice cfUM* roii'titOtN^ n|. ^ I td ton iprrijir etyirf?th'? ,?u. | cee?l upon * lha priaciple. ????? a f^.eulloti only be railed by-tho letfalM ?'*--?* (hat the |mwtr of I ho tflurt, may I# limited b)^ er(l||t . or. Thi? i? a plautiMo delation. It ' rm?lilolu? pre?cribe? that oo convention ?irVi i* ? railed, unlet# by I wo thmle of tlio l.> gidath, l.nt thia virtually artioealt. only, to a right K nrmnm'nd. from the I** lhal the Peoola tmy ap point 'tolrj^atu or iliKMlMHi. I'ho L>'|i*la lur may, alto, rrroo^rod a objttl to the e ?.vcnlioo, which Iho latter nay rehit, or adopt, a< plea<uie. Tb*lNm?iiiutional right. of the l?e gi I la e lo f&ll < oonv iiti?n. make* the argument lit i-1 or of I lie hmttHion+f the uotctr e/ dttrgultt, ?|iev not l.?i will cii?ilttii??!-it if, perhaps. one lot the yrr^dwet of my politi. al eilttra ton to believe I MM to i <fople, arc paramount to govern ' IIIf it* -irl dewlituliooe?end may alter, or amend f ifH'f. ?t tl'ttroy-any thing, end a vary thing wnhia H'O range of aorcreign'y. My view ?i I he mllir revolve* i'teif mto (bit, that the rit?t I* coll a cofmntioo waa gi*? n 'o the I A* gjielnra lor pttrpotot of mnven i? m <: III t it i^ip^rt* no .nbdanlivo (owrrj that it iOo'?? lo lhal body at a ?enlinel on the oato'i lower togiv*- the alarm iaurl that ibe ?onv< n'ion wh? n M*embhd, lain power, and In feel, that of Hie poodle ?not that of the legislature? which taller WoOki bo the ca?o if it w?? limito?| iu eet>?4i by Iho Lefi*tat?rr. Nor, can I adopt the noiiow I hat the only mode o4 calling a convention ?? by ?he l??-|itlatiire?'I he people ma*, at anyiim-, rite ?p in (heir majetly?a|?(mi?.i delegate*- hwid a cfHivrntwo?demolieh the whole (ibf i<-M |av rnmcnt?awl fire the copilotiVi to tho whr ? Ami a contiution, tte?? amembhtl, woul.l h. v. neither more, ftor greater (?ower* than our rot, v??ed by vWl?oofl^gl*la|ive recommmdaliou - ??cb would repftteut tli? toreretgoly ol the peo pi*?Each would dirirt Us nblwr* from lit* ?MM sourea lb* i>eople?ucimg, In the m iM*? e, through lb* medium ol the cooat Hulroo rwl in the other, under the lni| ul?e of revolution. IV irt??Mrt in ?>l entire satin igxty iu (h? U|>il?iurf, drawn Irom the I Oth eriielt of the constitution ol lb? Male, may. | think, ha turned against lb?? who adopt it. The fair, ,-outlilultooal interstice,it. that the people never ipltudrdlo T??t absolute sovereign'? in the Ufh. latum In at lb* lacl that the contt-'lution prt icnbr* that that body nay.'?/! a renrenlian ? W hy the ueceteriy ol a couvmtiou, if uulinnled ?Vttftiptjr??in tha Legislature? In iuliamieeo??ue*ion with tint part of the tab. Jeol, I will |MtMn* h>? a ntonirr.i. to defend n.yself Hunt n charge ofpolitical lo-.onsiiteocy. intimated hy MHatot uiy |NMitN:al (nendt, out uf the house.? They ?av, by taking the position that soaertighty u ifilh ikaptOfU that'llnn? abandoning thecreed of IW, and lh? doctrine, I ad ye need in Ihe discu?*toa ol judge Bmilh'sretoiutiosH to I8t& I d??y it; tha jioiition than takeu, I uow bold) it it, thai, tlw general government derived it* existence from tha itater, not the paoplr; the mi?-oo?aplion arista iron blending the idea ol ilw pea?i< of ilalrt, as disltnrt palilteal satieties, with the pecp/e 01 the nation, as n (mm dated tmpirt. 11 is than correct in priueiple.to say iu retereore to tha slate gov* eminents, that mil poorer flatted, originally, from M< people: nnd, it it iquaily proper m apeakrag of tlw lormation of tho K?mnil novernme.it 'o all potetrflatted, angindllg. from the tin is*. Tha ?agMMMJN in tnperis,of our ?y?wa a^*llc?J?f. Uted to beget contusion. 'I ha JistinetioSr ju?t taken, if ke|>t in mind, will prove that I ana trua to tha faith oi9tt,and that my Iriends ara ronton* ding with shadows. Nothing is yielded expressly, or > onttructively, by live aastrlron, thai Unit ns* cm. n/jf is ttilh the people. It does not follow, iiwatt;* the general government derived its axis* teiKf irom lha stales not lit t people, lhal Hate sop eretgnljt u not mi/A the peuplt\ tha dangers of ttsttr patioo, ??l con,WU< turn, and of coosolidatioo, ?say be avoided, er resisted,Just as wall by tho doetriee ol saterai^jitg its the people, as of ies*r> Iht Leg Mature, bo tor then, as tha of tha radical trttd ara ol sovereignly is ? mare in, a viewless spirit, an ideal gentleman tnm Edgefield has been par* tkular to ran.nd Us that M voted against th* rendu Hons of I (124, upon lha principle thai lha Legislature, not being sovereign, had no right to rctnousirate. It will, pet hapr, lie recollected iMH wo voted iu op|Mititioa to each other on that oc casio'u liut lor very tM||NMJHPM.<asi I will not Iciail toe ii, i will ouiy. say, thai iu uiy opm* ion, tiiu question ol'Sovereignty bail litllr,?i uoth< iii^, lo itu wrlti tlie rijiht of the Legi?latu>? to reiuomtrats. Tue humCletl citi* ii nflho repnb. I la mi.y rennnitrule, the "lavet ?l lyranla in.*,y reuiwiiiirut.e,Mnd,i'ertainiy,the co-ordiu?ie branch oi a in e govarii<nent may reiurmMrat^ by my vote, on that ?k-c.<iiou, I did not mean to i oply thai voierngnty War,or wavnot, in the Lr^i?la* luic, or, thai ? f Legislature was Ilia stain AuJ herv, I will jutl remark Irial ti,e word* slate and Legislature, *re nut syuouymous. as usupfKiS' eu oy tome, many ssampies. on thi^pclnl, nnitlit he kiv?i iruiu ih< ciMi?tilution; hut one or two shall tuAce. For uuiauce, the 1st clause ni iho 5th article of the oonaMtutioo provi<lesthal aniond menl* era required lo ba ratifii-d.^by the Lkui?> latohcs of three fourths ol lha Mvarat Stats:*" ice. loe iud uuta of lite 1st section of iho - - * ? ? ?i.Tjhi mm iajriHiiPt in ruoh manner es tha LwC'UTfsa thereof may iliract" lacior* tic. f im 1st c|ait*e of the 4th saoliooof tha M arUola provides, "that the tiui #, placet, and manner ol Indding alaation* Sc?. shall ire pratorihed in each ^tatb, by tha Lbaisla. Twaa ihereotM he. By lha In clatlaa, n| tha 34 ?<-ct.ou, ol ibe lit artrc.e, " lha sanata shall oa com|rosed ol two ^naliiit, from each Btatb, ciio s a by tha Lkoisi. >TUiik lhoreornlec. ail llvesa via .aet, >ou |*ro?.%e, umIu a tulrsUativa i'lder enne between the word STATK. and l.i??.. UTUIR. ii u i, I * in pra; >%rad to r o?t on iti II itronzer grn uuJ. I allude loth* fp?rl 9I 91i, the political |.*t boon of t?j<abliuiiuiii. k l*?l itri>ng, mm) trium* (jtwul wtlli ?imIi euluoriiy lo iu?ia.n mo:?10 piu< ec?t; whetii me.iut hy th. word Haiti Mr. YUilcu la |?x? 19 ??fhi Vii< nm r*i>ort?*y?: -It ?? Hiiirni true, tlMt the Unit *TATK?, u tomHitnc* ur*d 10 n iinai- iruwi mid route limn id difl?rcut Htm, accordiug to th? ittl'JKt to which It b ep? plied. I ha?, <t ?ouietiine? tniani th* Mfaruto ?*?tw>o? 01 leirilory. occupied by th* political xairtiet within mht MiiuetiuiM the (wrtirular (ntfrnoxiiii til?l>liili?i l>y ibo** *oci*ti*?| torac liinuf l hoe* MieMtiM u? org*utod ioto ihoio par ticular governutcuti;*itd, l*?iiy, il mean* th* pro fit ro-i.poung thtat ytoitlieai mttulin, in their htfihttl tortrrign capacity. In the prc?*nt io>teiio* wliMirter dflVifni urtructiom oI th* urn r-TATM iuth* i??"iuuoo, may have been cater* tniucO. *lt wdl.nl Iciut, concur m that la*t jucn liouadi l>?c*u?c, 111 th*t ?ense.ttjecouMlUUfoa wo? *Ul>milled to the STATE*; Hi that hum th* ?late* mt'ficd it. iixi io h*l i?a?iul,|/Mi term Hate*, they in cwa?< qucntly partia* lo the compact, fi.-in whit h the poA*u 01 the ied*ral Kovcri>in. nt mult." Ail my r< K?*Ui|t, la r?<iinl to mver ?ignlv, you oo?vrve. 1 e?U on tlic meeoiox attri buted tH (he word Hale, liy Mr. Ma>h?oa. which ha thought "i.ll w nld <N>uiur iu" vis the pe.plo compotinft the puttlieol ffitlpm Ihttr higketl ton trttgH rufiarilp" ll will,alio, l?? rro>>l|e< e<l that I h*ve amiti'i the paramount rovcrei* ity ol (ha |i<v(ilturti government* and laW?j thi* view ?*elto ru.ofirinrd t>y the |<>liowiiti; extract fromth* ram* tfi " The uvlhortlj ?/eon>tiluli*n* mrtr i(ur*rnmenl?,nn?' of ihi tovtrtignlp 1/the pro pit oetr tihiil'iuliuni, are truth 1ehlen rt mi a// timet proper to be k<pl h eii/irfj ai*4 at no Ume pt'Unpt, m'trt ntttunry than (A* pre in!.** Bui, >umMW wa admit nrtittfnlp may reinl--, imllflbrcntly, either in *he l.*<i?i*tur*. or 111 eon wain*, and til tit* the quiition of relcranc* 00* ol mare expediency, ttill, tlia weight of er imeni i? d*?:d<diy 10 tpvorof the former It [?inly itrtfc*i mo *? th* ai?*t J*lib^tat*, tlia KiaimiiBt, ami the mo?t rtpiblican. Ilut ''""yilioniy have v>r, at e Hate, for I he r??f. cite ofw.|, IH lr| 0f ?iy?rpifiity mi (o nullify, whatan unrom I at anal |an of t i? gre??. I'^Mniltnt ol th- ili<taiei i?f enminui) wn?, ai l i!Lfl| r,||,lf( wn are ?uilaiuisl by * rooMelUtion * i||utin<iu? tagr-i, who lurm ili?. iiaguithad |>art w nt<, lormation nml egpo*>tintt H\lie eeiy y?>ve^iM*nt 01 wimh* iiur|Mii<ini w* ?,?*i?(it?-.ihe opniKrai ol 00c or two of the*.,|?,|l .Uifice. uf Mailifon, in the reonrt already,| ?.y>: ?ii j^%.l.bJra,aa?*??,*of deogfrou* r..wer?, uai|.nbly wnhWi |,- ,hr H< Kiiun?u,i'ouM out justify the partial to ,t, tn H iei|<?mge%en mi fa. aito?r?*it the pro*,rM ?f th? bvil. aimI tln rei.y prncrve (lie<o in fit ?>? |t? ?*l|a> well a* to provide A?r lh?* talM*yol lb* pajia* to it| ther* would h* au e*d to mil rilief ? ueurprd power, ami a direct ??hvenik ?f ?.*HI? >|.?nf|td or rer*gaise?i under HI ft Ho < rm?tiiu1io?i?, a* well a* a pteiu d* lalilb* lemealal pr nriple 011 whlrh n*r i?l*i omi ttcm II Wai deehirad M Again:?Mm* roforH |pa hat i* cae* of a d*liberHie, palp?l?|o ?J. >n* rou excrete* ofo*h< rp?)Wertnot grantAlfy ii^ id cnmpact, the *l>tce, who are par lie. f -ve lb* right a?l er* in duly Utuad lo ?[tp.*? arreeliag lb* |*egr**e oftb* Mil, Mlar mlaimng wdhimb*** r?-?p. t tive lim 1 li*a?. 1 He*, right* *nd libertici a^pcri u,