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MR. JEFFERSON'S Mr. KdUor%?The following tetter wm twfcpublhhed k? England in a IMJ..T taUcd the. London Nation. Mr U84, and thence v.c>nic?l Int" the Boston Dailv Advertiser of Sept.^, 1834 Since the t'd^mi>r.<j the ?W,umentsoonnected with his life. I have ex^ iAedthOTeer Book eked. Thepamge Is to be found ;in. |hc ciue of Humphry Bohun, against John Broughton. bishop of Lincoln end others e suit for disturbance in refttabg to induct Thomas X.?WK? presented by Bohun to the living of Holborne In the county of Middlesex. The bishop plead*, tliat on the same day. another claimant. to wit. John Brown had'prcscntcd Alt clerk Richard Ewen aon. That the law of the holy church in'such cose Is. that until the contest be deckled by judgment on inquisition in a suit do jure Ctrcnatuefon the right of presentation) the ordinary is not bound admit. 'Andthatitls the duty of the two contending patrons to In stitute each a suit, and not the duty of the ordinaiy. This not hiring Men done within six months it becomes the duty of the ordinary to present, that there may be no vacancy. The sentence Quoted is Prisot's opinio.? In page 40 b. of the Year book.? 'Fhe translation of the passage is as follows! " 7b tveh law as the church hath, udder anticnt record (that is preserved In old s: the French of holy scripture, is not "uncicn scripture, ; sainct ecriture) It Incometh us to give credence; fur thin "it common taw (that is. this constitutes the common law of "the church) ufion which common faro, all other /an* arc found "edt and to air, we arc Sound to acknowledge the taw of the "holy churchi and in tike manner they are hound to orktgvwt' "edge our tax?. And tir, if it may a/ifieur to ta that the bLhofi " hot acted as an ordinary would have ucted In like rate, r.r ou^ht " to acknowledge it at good, otherwhe not." To be wirf. tsis dictum of Halk, is founded, tether on grosu Ignorance, or on downright fraud and falsehood; for he hud no other authority for it than the above passage; which cunnot l>c re.id with out surprise at its hiving been relied on for the purpose to which it has been converted. The common law of England reaches back as far as the Saxon Times (seethe opinions of the judges in thegrent caw: of literary property,Sr. W. Ulncketone's lien.) It has been digested at various times In the laws of Ina, in the Leges Anglo-Saxomcx. in the laws of king Alfred. and of Edward the confessor. In the Anglo Saxon Time*, the holy church was Pagan; in Prisot'* time it wus Pafiitt: in the present tunc it is Protectant; m * {km doctrines arc contained in the Athanatian creed, which king' > nrgc the third would never consent to repeat or respond to. A year or two ago, u petition v>t*s presented to the house of commons" of CI rent Britain, signed by up wards of 2,000 members of the church of England, many of them clergymen, praying that all prosecutions in defence of cliristiamty might be dropt: inatmueh a* they appeared in the character of per secution for conscientious difference of opinion; inatmueh as the ad vocates of Christianity in and out of the church, receiving salaries for defending and teaching Christianity, wci e and ought to he deem ed quite competent to the dcfencc of it; inasmuch ui fart and argu ment ought to he opp<?cd by fact and aixument, and not by pain* and penalties by fine and imprisonment; inasmuch as these prosecutions led to the injurious and ill founded suspicion that < hristtunity roiild m* bo supported in the field of free discussion; i ni finally inatmueh as these prosecutions produced an cllcct directly oppathc to that which was intended, increasing the number of ohmixious publica tions, operating as advertisements to make the r.i more known, and exciting thousands- to peruse them who would never h.i\ c middled with the controversy others ise. These retnonstranees: tvn? to have had the desired effect in Eng land upon the ministers of that country; fur in < onsequcime of a pe tition brought up by Mr. Brougham on the .Itiih June lKJi, no part of Hichr?nl t ar!i?dr, who ind Imni condemned to 6 years imprisonment and f>- -.'I ?l,%00 .Urling, tUc line waj remitted intoto, and he was d:*ch -ved. This was as it rl.* uld he, for his influence aro*c only fr an hin imprisonment The outcry of persecution was raised, and t iv ei.oniicsof Christianity made the nio?t of it. Christianity needs n-? protection but its own intrinsic truth, and the manifest superiori ty-or the morality t aught in th Gospels. If old objections arc vamp- | ed up a:? new, reply to thrw by the republication of the old argu- J meets by which tlicv were heretofore refuted: and do not let it be suspected, that truths so useful, and s;? manifest, need any dcfencc but their own evidence, and their own good tendency. X. /he MtvKtog letter from 'he InW Pretident Jeffrrton, It found in " Tr.e life and eorret/tondenct" (jutt /iu blithe J in England) of t'ie talc Alojir Curt weight. " iWonticr.lle. in VIrtinln. *? IWI. '? Dear end IVnrrwMe .9f>?2 am much indebted for your kitnl let ter of Feb. 39, mid for your valuable volume on the l.nclish to:i.,ti tutiop. I have rend this with pleasure and murli approbation; ami 1 think it h w deduced the convitution inherited by the Knglisn na tion, fr<?n? its rightfril r.x?t, the Anglo Saxon. It if reully wonderful that to ninny able men should have failed in their attempts to define it with correctttess; no wonder then thnt Paine, * ho thought more than he rend* should have credited the great Mifhoritics who have declared that the will of p.uiiainent is the constitution of England.? So M.trb-ii*. liefrrc the French ? volition, observed to mc, that the Atir.anae Royal the cor,:'.,r it ion of France. Vour derivation of it from the Anglo-Suxons, seems t'> be made on legitimate princi plr*. Having driven out-the former inhabitants of that part of the {.-.land called England, they became, a* to you Aborigines, and your 'iktual ancestors, they doubtless had a constitution, and although thev have not left it in a writtci. formula, to the precise text of vrbtch yon may always appeal. yet they have left fragments of their history jnd lvv?. fr ?in whtch it may be inferred with considerable certainty. Whoever their history and law* shew to have be^n p-artlsed with r.pprobatkm we may presume was permitted by their c ?..istltution; whatever was not so practised was not permitted, and aUhtugh this constitution was violated and *et at nought by Norman f>rc:, yet r?rcr. cannot change right; n perpetual claim was kept u> ')?.* nation in Owlr perpetual demand of the restoration of ? he.v ftaxon laws, which shews they never were relinquished by the mil ->f '.'ii* nation, In the pullings and hauling* for these ancient : ? ;htf, between the nation and its kings of the race* of Plantage Tudor' and St units, there was sometimes gain and sometimes 'is-, until the f-nal reeonquest of their right* from the Stuarts, i rfike the thrcul of pretended inheritance, extinguished all regal usurpations and the nation re-altered into all it rights; and although ia their bill of right* they spetiAcally reclaim some only, yet the omission of others wac no rcr.uncUlion of the right to assume their eXerelsc also, whenever occasions should occur. The new king re ceived no rights or powers but those expressly granted to him. It has ever appeared to me, that the difference between the whig ami the tory of England Is. that the whig deduces his rights from the Anglo Saxon sctirte. the tory from the Norman: and Hume, the gTeat apostle of toryism says, in so many words (note a* to chap. 42) "that in the reigns of the Stuarts, it was the people who encroach cd upon the sovereign, not th" sovereign who attempted, as Is pre tended, to usurp upon the people;" this supposes the Nomnn usur pations to be rights in his successors; ami again (c.S'J) "the com mons established a principle, which is noble in itself, and seems uprrjoi^, hut is belied from nil history and experience, that the firo/ile urr thr orljfinof all JtrtiTfiovtrr! ami where civ? will this degenerate wm of scicnce, this traitor to his fellow-men, find the origin o:' just power, if not in the majority of the society? Will it he intn? majority of the society* Will it be in the minority, or In an individual of that minority * "Our revolution commenced on more favourable ground. It pre s ?.tedqsan Album, on which wo were free to write wl . * wc plea sed; wo had no occasion to scirch Into musty records, to hunt up royal parchments, or to investigate the laws ami Institutions of a eeml-borbaro. ? ancestry. We appealed to those of nature, and found tht-m engraved in our hearts, yet wvdld not avail ourselves of all the advantages of our position. We had never been permitted to exercise sclf-KOvcrom?nt; when forced to assume it, we were > vices In its science; Its principles and forms had entered little ?? our former education; we established however some, although i ? II its Important principles. The constitutions of most of our > v ? Kssert, that ail power w Inherent in the people; that they ipay tv- \nt by themselves, in all cases to which they think them ' . i ?mpetcntj fas In electing their functionaries, executive and >,T ' '?'? ?nd deciding by a jury of themselves l?oth fa?* and law, ? fu , Velar/ esse* in which any fact Is involved;) or they may act .. v ? > native, fr.ely and equally chosen; that it is their right vA H*4% *' be at all t*me* armed; that they are entitled to freedom r' j i , frt?tom of religion, freedom of property, and freedom I a the struiMi of our legislator cm, we think expe rt frtd Ihebenefit of subjecting questions to two separate in constituting these, natural right Haa til Making ode of these bodlis, and some both, **0' '? '.'"Mft. ? .. '* ropcrty instead of persons, ben wall obtained without i b: Jb.ht order to break up cabalCc^^BI * Virginia, of which I am myself a native and resident, was not only,tbo first of the states, but i believe 1 may say, the fifH of the nation* of the earth which assembled its wise men peactably toge ther, to term n fundamental constitution, to commit it to writlig, and piacc it among thehr archives, where every one should be free to appeal to Ustekt Hut this act was very impcrfrct; the other states, asihey proceeded successively to the same work, made successive improvements; and several of them, still further corrected by ex perience. have by conventions, still further amended their fifst forms. My own Mate has roue on so far with \\?flrrmkre etauche, but it is now proposingto call a convention for amendment Among other improvement*, | hopclhey will adopt the subdivisions of our counties into wards; the former m#y be estimated at an average of twenty-four miles square, tl?i tatter should be six miles square, each, and would answer to the hundred* of your Saxon Alfred. In each of these might be, 1. An elementary school; 2. A company of mUit!s, with its offlccyskS. A justice of the peace and a wonstaulc; 4. Kach wprd should take care of their own poor; 5. Of their own roads'; 0. Their own police; 7. Klcct within themselves, one or more furors to attend the courts of justice; 8. And here give in at their1 folk-house their votes for nil functionaries reserved to their election. Kach ward would thus be a small republic within itself, nnd cv'cry man in the state xvculd thus become an acting member in the common government, transacting In pernor. a great portion of its rights and duties subordinate indeed, but important, and entirely within his competent c; the wit of man cannot devise a mora solid basis for a free, dur.iblc and well administered republic. " With respect to our state and federal governments, I do not think their regulations dbrrcctly understood by foreigners. They generally suppose theformer subordinate to the latter; but this is not the cusc, they are coordinate departments of one wimple inte gral whole. To the state governments arc reserved all legislation and administration in affair* which concern their own citizens only; and to the federal government In riven whatev er concerns foreigners, or the citizcns of other states. '1 hese functions alone being federal, the one Is the d^wnestie, the other the foreign branches of the same government; neither having control over the other, but within its own department. There are one or two exceptions only to this par tition of power. But, you may ask, if the two departments should claim each the same subject or power, where is the common umpire to dccidc ultimately i?ctwcen them. In cases of little importance or urgciicy, the prudcM. ee of both parties will keep them aloof from the questionable ground ; but if it can neither be avoided nor compro mised, a convention of Jhc states must be called, to ascribe the doubtful power to that dftoartment which thoy may think best.? You will perceive by these iVetnils that we have not so far perfected our constitutions a a to venture to make them unchangeable?but still, tn their present state, we consider them not otherwise changeable than by tlie in.mediate authority of the people, or a special election of representatives for that purpese expressly. They arc till then the lex legum. u? *'Hut can they be made unchangeable? Can one generation bind another, ami all others in succession for ever? 1 think not. The Creator hath made the earth for the l/ving, not the dead. Mights and powers can only belong to persons, not to things; not to mere matter unendowed with will?the dead are not even things. The pai tieles of matter which compose their bodies make part now of the Sxxliou ol' otlu r animals, vegetables, or minerals of a thousand forme. To what then arc att-tcacd the rights and |>owcrs they held while in the form of man? A generation may bind itself us long as it* majority continues in lite. W hen that lias disappeared, tmoUu r ma jority is in place, holds all t!n* right t and powers their predecessors once held, and may change their laws and institutions to suit them selves; nothing thin is u ithu'. ;c.ihlc but tha inherent and unaliena ble rights of man. "I was glud to fmd, h your book, a formal contradiction, nt length, of the judici.ti v usurprrtio \ ci'legislative powers; for such the judges base usurped, in their repeated decisions that Christianity Is a part of the common law. The proof of the contrary which you have addurcd is incontrovertible, to wi?. that the common law exist - etl while the Anqlo-Saxon* were v? t l'agans; at a time when they had never yet heard the name of Christ pronounccd, or knew that such a character had existed. Hat it may Amuse you to shew when and by what menns they stole thin law upon ur.? In ncascquarc iiupcdit, in the Yearbook, :H H. 6, fo. SU, (145.1,) a question was made, !???*? fir the ecelessiairtical law was to bo rc*ucct?a lo a com- ! uioii Anil Prisot, c. 5, gives his Opinion in these words? A (irl Icy que LS c!c soint cglitC out en ancien ten/,turf, covicnt a nous a dinner credmce; car ceo est common Icy sur quels tout-j manners obliges <!c dr saint cgliso; ct scinblablcmcnt lis sont obliges de con vis t re nont rip W-yisont fouudcs;it auxy. sir, nous sumus obliges uc conustre Ictir Icy lc*;ct, sir, si poitoppcn'ranomiqucrevcsquead fait comcunordin ary fcr.i cn ticl ens, adonq nous devons ceoadjugcr bon, uu autcrment ncuiv,' (ic. Hec& C. Fh;sli. Abr.qu. imp.Hl?; Hro. Abr.qu. imp. 12. Flnc'h in !??.-. fin?tbooU, c.3, is Che first afterwards who quotcn ttiW caw. nnd misstates it thus?'To such laws of the church ns have warrant in holu tcri/ilurc, our law givcth credence,' ami cites Fri? w?t, mis-translating 'ancien scripture'into 'holy scripture,' where as l'risot palpably says 'to surh laws as those of holy church have in aiidcnt turitirttf, it i? proper for us to give credence;' to wit, to | their ancient written laws. This wan in 161.1, a ccntury and a half | after the dictum of l'risot. Wingatc, in 1638, erects thin false translation into a maxim of the common law, copying the words of Finch, hut citing l'risot. Wingatc, max. .*>, and Shcppard, tit. 'Relieion,' in 167.1, copicsthc same mis-translation, quoting the Y. B, Finch and Wingatc. Hale expresses it in these words, 'Chris tianity is parcel of the laws of England,' I Ventr. 293, 3 Keb. 607, but quotes no authority, lly these echoing and rc-echoings, from one to another, it had become so established in 1728, that in the case of the King vs. Woolstnn, 2 Stra. 834, the court would not suffer It to be debated, whether to write aeainst Christianity was punlahable It the temporal courts at common law? Wood, therefore, 409, ven lires Ktill to vary the phrase, and says ' that all blasphemy and pro fuueness are (*flcnres hv the common law,' and cites 2 flfcro.; then Blnckstonc, In 176.1, IV. 59, repeats the words of Hale, that Chris tianity is part of the comnvm jaw of England,* citing V'cntrjs and Btr.mgc; ami finally lord Mansfield, with a little qualification, in Evans's casein 1767, says 'that the essential principles of revealed religion arc parts of the common law," thus enguiphing bible, testa ment, and nil, into the common law, without citing any authority. And thus far we find this chain of authorities hanging link by link one upon another, and all ultimately upon one and the same hook, and tliat a mia-translation of the wonfs 'ancien scripture' used by Prisot. Finch quotes l'risot; Wingatc docs thesameiAfeoppard quotes l'risot, Finch nnd Wingatc; Hale cites nobody; thffcourt, in Woolston's case, cites HaV; Wood cites Woolston's case; Black stone quotes Woolston's ease, ami Hale; ami lord Mansfield, like Hair, ventures it on his own Authority. Here I might defy the best read lawyer to produce another scrip of authority for this judkktry forqerui ami I might goon further to show how some ot the Anglo Hnxon rlcrjTV interpolated into the text of Alfred's laws, the 20th, 2M, 'J2d ami *Td chapters of Kxodus, and the 15th of the Acts of th? ApoMlcs, from the 2.-1 to the 29th verse*. But this would lead my pen ami your patience too far. What a conspiracy this between church and state'!f Sine Tantararnra, Rogues all; Rogues all; sing Tantarurara, Rogues ail f " 1 must ktill add to this long ami rambling letter my acknowledg ments for your good wishe.t to the university we are now establishing hi thia state. There are some novelties in it; of that of aprofeasor ship of the principles of government, you express your approbation They will lw founded in the rights of man: tn.it of agriculture I an sure you will approve; and thai also nf Anglo-Snxon. As the histo Mire you will approve; ami tlial alsoof Analo-r^xon. as tlie histo ries and laws left us, in that type and dialect, must be the text Inioks of the reading of tho learners, they wllMmbibe with the language their free principles of government. have been ao kfnd as to send, shall be placed In The volumes you the library of the university. Having at this time, In Rngland, a person sent for the purpose of selecting some profcaaors, a Mr. f Jflmer of my neigh borhood, I cannot hut recommend him to vour patronage, counsel, ami guardianship, against i*tposition, misinformation, and the de ceptions of partial ami false recommendations, in this selection of cliaractera; he is a gentleman of great worth ami correctness, Iny particular friend, well educated in various branches of science, and worthy of entire confidence. MM 44 Your age of eigttty-fnur and mine of eighty-One years, ensures us a speedy meeting. We may then comment at leisure, and more fully, on tho good and evil, which In the course of our long llvca, fully, on we have I . the meantime, I pray you to accept ?j. - my M* I of tl^Unked States. wu called to the chair, and. wwmgmm i* SMgg tog and appropriate address the following resolutions, which were unanimously adopt Retotved, That John Adams and Thomas Jefferson are worthy the gratitude of jl free That a committee cnnslstlngof I ['David Johnson, L. H? licrodon, J. 8. " Nathaniel Olst, lame* M'Klbbln, Rice .afljd K. H. Spencer, be a make arrangement* for, and pi_ m. mdde hi which the cHisena may beat te?*i(y their respect for the memories of these qur. political rather*, and patriarchs of civil li berty* and that they report on' the rth of Auguct next, to v.hich timo this meeting shall stand adj6#racd. '' ' On Mondfcy the 7th of August agreeably to previous adjournment, tlio Inhabitants of Union district convened at the court house, to nyike further arrangenienta to pay their last tribute of respect to the venerated dead, John Adams and Thomas JcJFereanj when the hon. David Johnson as chairman of the committee, who were chosen at their meet- { ingon the 31st ult submitted the following| reports Mr. Chairman, Associated with the du ties you have assigned us, emotions arise which it would be difficult to suppress. John Adams nnd Thomas Jefferson snow conspicu ous in that constellation which eradicated the gloom of our revolutionary war. Aa men we may be permitted to lament their dissolution, and shed a tear of sympathy over natures decay; but as American citizens we ought to ] rejoice that they have been so long spared as lumps to our path, nnd guides to ourfeet; and in the splendor of their lives, nnd im mortality of their deeds each bosom must uwellln proud exultation., i Under the Influence of local prejudices, I and party distentions, their fame may have occasionally fluctuated; but its measure is now full, and both retain their place in our uffcctlons; and impartial history will display their equal patriotism, and private worth on its fairest page. The towering eloquence of the one, en kindled the sacred spark, and fanned the flame of American liberty; whilst the ardent pen of thoother, supplied it with fuel, and gave form, and system to a government, the ..ope of the oppressed, and the terror of ty rants. I To these men and their eompitriots, it was allotted to convince mankind that they were < capable of self government, and to teach tlif* #V spot that, "nil men were born equal," .vi' tiv.it "lifeliberty ntwlthe pursuit of hap ??., ??," ought to be enrolled amongst their ?? . i . I tenable rights." 1 ha strength of their manhood was ex . '.' ?l in rearing up, and adjusting tin: pro portions of our political fabric, and their de clining ugcin cm!>cllishing its portals. Joint labourers in the lioly work?hand in hand they have descended to the tomb, hailing with their last expiring breath, the Jubilee of their country's Freedom. Resolved, Therefore, that we hold In grateful remembrance the private worth, and distinguished public services of John Adams and Thomas Jefferson; and as a tri- | bute of respect to their memories, the cili | sens of this district do wear crape on the left I arm for thirty days. Retilved, That as the committee have j mode known Jic wishes of this meeting to the hon. Abram Nott, who has politely, and readily accepted their invitation, that he he , appointed to pronounce an culogium comine-1 morat lvc of these distinguished pit riots on Mondav the 21st Inst, at!2.o'clock; and the llev. Mr. Chcstney be requested to open the meeting on said day by prayer. Revived, That a funeral procession be formed in front of the resilience of Mr. J. L. Held, at half past clenen o'clock on said day,, and move from thence to the court house; | nnd that Gen. Collins, Col. Baty, Col. Mar tin, Maj. Mitchell, and P. 1*. Taylor Esq. , be a committee to carty this resolution into| effect. Reiolved, That these proceedings be pub- , lished in two of the weekly papers of this I State. Signed JAMES M'KIBBIN, Chairman. A true copy from the minutes, WM. K. CHURCHILL, Sec'y. From the ASm?- York Dally AdvcrtUtr. In the last Quarterly Review, there is a long and laboured article under the title of "History ami Prospectus of Knglislt Indus try," which contains much valuable informa tion relating to the trad* and manufactures qf England. Inthcreicnof F.licahcth, the protectants, who were driven from the low countries in consequence of the persecutions by the duke of Alva, ami fled to Kngland, were of great advantage to the national industry, ami par ticularly aa it regarded woollen manufactures 10 much so, that in 1552a largequantity of raw material was exported?in less than thirty years, 200,000 pieces of cloth were anmnlly exported to Germany, l'ninnd, France, Flan ders, Denmark, ami Hweden. A great pro portion of this was white undressed cloth, as the Knglishdidnot, at that time, understand dying ami finishing. In 1699, the quantity of manufactured cloth was estimated at eight mill'nns, three fourths of which were the prioc of labor. One half off this quantity was exported. This success, the Hevlewers say, cannot be ascribcd "to the prohibitory laws which were repeatedly enacted, but the general expansion of industry, knowledge, ana of that exalted ciailixation which creates and satUAe?the noblest wants." i In the year 1739, a million and a half nf Brit ish subjects were employed in this manufac ture, whose wages, at MH per annum, amount ed to twelve tnulion*. Add to this the coat of the matcrial.a'nd the value if the cloths maim factored In thatyear, was sixteen millions?ex actly double what they were forty years be fore Affcwrtght'a machinery, with other In tin tnecourto of forty years, Includ clociof the last, and hegining of the eentnry, extended the wcllen menu* to three timen the * mount above men . when cotton was introduced kito EUiglund JU-uot known. It i. stated by Le land who visited Lancashire la the reign of Henry Vlll.that many villages near Bolton ?make cottons. But.k wouldseem by the law tawed In 1553, that what were caUcd cottony wore not really such. The raw material,how ever, had beenjciported fyom the Levant at leaat as early ws 1430. In a book published b 1641,Hisstafted " that the Manchester weavers bay cottonpwool in Loaded, which cornea front Cyprus and Smyrna, and work the tamo Into fustians, HprmiukMm, sad dlmittei. When ?nch ?ft P and else p.'nii entirety new career teemed to be Openedto industry. "The cotton manufac ture* of Kngj^nd*? say the Reviewer*, ?? have .done more to promote a .wholesome spirit oi enterprise,' ar d to bring togfcther the minds ol' the artisan and of the phQoeopher, that any fabrication of .human convenience ever did. 1 As much m the early prot^perity of this nation Opmdtoherfirftgreat native saplc, wool, even so much is her present unexampled grcstne. s indebted tajlhls her sccond staple,-Which her trade and exertion* hate brought home front distances that equal one half of the world's circumference, and which heegeokishas con , verted hito a source of noble, honest wealth for herself, and of oomfort for mankind." i In the year 1544, the revenue of the Post* Office In Kn^liutd was ?5000. In 1653, it wst ?43,000. In 1744, thogToss produce of the island and fteeign Post-Office was ?935,490, and twenty years afterwards it was ?432^>4('. At the last account, the postage of the United Kingdom, inland and foreign, was ?l,7V9,640. ?having increased in a ecntury and a half ninety fold. , * ^ The steam j?owcr employed In England in 1820, was equal to the force of 320,000 horsrfc, and it lru much increased since. At the present time, on .account of its new applica tions, and t'ie improvements In the manner of employing it, it may perform the work of nearly three millions of men. The machine ry now in use enables one man to perfotm tittf work of 150. The lowest computation sup poses 2.10,000 men to be employed, the high est 350,000. Hence the work itow perform ed in thin siiff^t branch, a half century ago would have required 42,000,009 of men, ami according to mjiuc 53,000,000. . The wages of this last number of persons, Ht ?18 per an num, would amotiutto ?756,000,000, or little more than thirteen Umes the annual revenue of l'.ngland. ' ' . The power employed In the contton msuu turcs afdne, of Kngland, exceeds the ntanu facturing powers of Rurppc collectively. CAVT. ELLIOTT. Extract from the J-onjf (took of thr Lhitcd Stated -IM* Cyanc, AfirU 3d _ "At H A. M. moderate pleasant <vcathcr, at t> diitoovcred the vessels at anchor it-head, to l>c the llraxilian blockading s|uadtcn. Almat 10 miles E.'H. Rr of the 8. !'?. cud of the. Ortiz, bank, at 9. .10. observed five vessels of war under weigh, standing towards us; at 10 made tlienvtowj one frigate, one oorvcttc ai.d three brigs; prepared lor battle and showed our colour*?it 11 shortened vail to the top sails, and haulod up for the Brazilian squadron under weigh?at 11. 30. the frigate was on the Ice Want, at uhout 110 yards distance?two bri^s, (mi the lee bow, the ot^ier a little on thu weather Quarter, and the ccrvettfe astern and to leeward?at li.4<7. hailed the frigate and asked her name: answered H. Imperial Maj esty's frigate M trla de Gloria. The name of our ship wo* then asked, and giver, suc ceeded by a demand that a boat should bn sent?thin demand was peremptorily refused by captain Elliott, adding that a boat shoql<> never be sent from his ship, although ?pm> would be received?->h served the guns ? rtth; frigate trained and tOmkins out?kept lar board guns est the main deck manned tor the frigate and her ortnsorti on the lee bow, an;', manned the starboard quarter deck gun* for thc brig on the weatherquartcr; observed th-. brig on weather quarter shortly after drop astern?at 11. 45.'received'a foat from the frigate am! brig with two officers, who wer?: introduced to captain Elliott, in his cubin, by whom he was informed that the |>ort of Bue nes Avrcs was blockaded, and he could not bo permtticd to procccd?to which ho replied, that if even ho were to admit their right to proclaim the blockade of an extent of coast ' against a civil marine, he could not against neutral vessels of war?that both English and , French vessels of war, were in the habit of proceeding almost daily to and from Monto video and Hdenos Ayres, as instanced, bdth in the British and French corvettes Chasseur and Faun?that he would allow Mm 30 min utes to deliberate on his future actions, and at. the expiration of that time he would proceed, prepared to resist :dl consequences?that the ling lie wore. Carried under it the sovereignty of the soil it represented?that violated, the soil became Invaded?and that he should de fend his ship to the last moment. Captuiu Elliot: further observed to the oft ecr, that be had a communication for Adml? ral (.oho, which was requested. Captain Kllott declined glvirg it to the officer, until ho returned from his frigate and discovered het true character; at \'A the Brazilian boots left the ship. During all this time the weatherly position of the ship was maintained, and every other precaution taken to resist with effect a-t attack from the sqindrxi which appeared to bOMtditatcd; 12. 20. hailed the frigate, t>i kiAw if they had any further comm<infcatio?i to nuke, they answered by asking If Captain Elliott would send tho Admiral'* letters and papers; yes, was the reply, if you will send u iKMit; at 1}. \3. a boat rame alongside for let ters and pa|>ers for the Admind, with the compliments of the commanding officer, to captain Elliott, tendering ever)- civility, and offering any, supplies he might be in want of with his best wishes for a speedy and pleasant passage to Buqtos Ayres; captain Elliott re turned his compliments and thanks, ad ling that his ship was abundantly supplied with every necesaary, and that all he wanted wan a free and generous Intercourse afttU alt na tions, concluding with an offer to bo the bear er of any communication the commanding officer, or any other in ftie aqundro*, might hare to make with Buefioa Afros; at L 0<v the Brazilian bowl departed; bore u^v ^M?e4' within hail of the BrasUlan squadnwllaShher )tn*~|na4?*11 sail foBueno* Ayrdt1****'