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United States 1822-1922 A comparison of tlie conditions under which the United States entered the year 1922 with those of the corresponding year of the preceding century gives us renewed confidence, says the Trade Record of The National City Bank of New York, in the industrial and commercial future of our eountrff The population which in 1822 was less than 10,000,000 is now 107,000,000, or more than ten times that of a century ago, while the population of the world as a whole has increased but about 150 per cent meantime. Our international commerce even in the present moment of depression is 00 times as much as that of a century ago, having grown from $109,000,000 in 1821 to nearly or quite $7,000,000,000 in 1921, while international commerce of the world in 1921 may possibly total 4 times that of a century ago when it stood at $1,659,000,000. This griwth with US has been largely due to increased facilities of transportation. In 1821 cur great Mississippi Valley with its wonderful producing possibilities had but about 2,000,000 people, and their only method of sending their products to tidewater was bv the rivers and tha flront Lakes, for even the Eric Canal was not finished at that date and steam railways for commercial service were then a thing unknown in any part of the world. Of the 750,000 miles of railway built in all the world since 1821, over one-third was constructed in the United States, chiefly to connect the great interior with the ocean frontages, and the "Middle West" which had then 2,000,000 population has now 50,000,000 and is not only the world's biggest producer of grain and meats but is turning out one onetbird of the manufactures of the country. The manufactures of the whole world in 1820 are estimated by Mulhall at $4,250,000,000 while our census of 1020 puts the value of those of the United States alone at $f>2,000,000,000 or nearly 15 times that of the whole world a century earlier. With this tremendous growth in our manufacturing industries our exports of domestic manufactures exclusive of Iiuvv sivnil UUIII ICS?> tllUll $8,000,000 in 1821 to over $2,000,000.000 in 1921, or 250 times as much in the "lean" year just ended as in the corresponding year of the preceding century. With this increase in industrial, commercial and business activity has come a corresponding advance in the financial requirements and supplies, and the total "money in circulation" which was officially reported at $67,100,000 in 1820 is officially staetd at $5,676,711,000 on December 1, 1921. Meantime the centers of industry and business have grown amazingly, the population of New York having increased from 130,000 in 1822 to over 6,000,000 in 1922, Phil a dolphin from. 108,000 to nearly. 2,000,000, and Chicago from "a hamlet of log houses inhabited by less than 100 people" in 1930 to approximately 3,000,000 in 1922. Not all of . this growth in the industries and prosperity of the country has cojne from a mere increase in population, for our area has doubled meantime, the total area of the United States having grown from 1,792,000 square miles in 1821 to 3,620,000 square miles, including Alaska, at the present time. Our additions of territory since 1822 consist of Texas, Arizona, New Mexico, and the entire Pacific frontage, and thus includes enormous additions to the agricultural and mineral wealth of the country. Thus the year 1922 finds the United States the world's chief agricultural, manufacturing, commercial and financial na ion. The possibilities of a further expansion in all these lines are found in the fuct that with our population, exclusive of Alaska, is still only 3(5 per square mile or less than one-tenth that of certain of the most prosperous of our European neighbors. Notice Notice is hereby given that on January 12th, 1922, application will be made to the Secretary of State for the issuance of a charter -to the Storm Drug & Manufacturing Compnny of Union, South Carolina. 1271 -3t Women's hats are luxuries, and therefore liable to the luxury tax, according to the German minister of finance. BILIOUS_CHILDREN Black-Draught, Long in Successful Use, Praised by an Arkansas Mother, "Soon Does It* Work." Mormaduke, Ark.?Speaking af Thedford's Black-Draught, which from long use In her household haa become regarded aa "the family medicine," Mrs. Mary B. Hill, of Rout* 1, this place, say a: "When the children get billons, I give them a couple ef good doses, and when we have sour stomach, headache, or any liver or stomach trouble, ws use Black-Draught It Is an easy laxe tlve, and soon does the work. I certainly think It is on* of the best rem odles made." Black-Draught acts on the Jaded liver, gently, but positively, and helps It In Its Important function of throwing out waste materials and poisons from the system. In thousands of households BlackDraur,ht Is kept handy for Immediate use In time of need. Prompt treatment often is half the battle, and will often prevent slight Ills from developing Inx to serious troubles. Its well-established merit, during more than 70 years of successful use, should convince you of the helpful effects obtainable by taking BlackDraught for liver and stomach dis orders. Oct a package today, an/ keep It In your housa. See thai the package bears ths words **Th?4?ardL'A Black-DrauahL" KO-lij l&r Tons of Gold in Ocean New York, Jan. P.?There is $o0,000,000 in gold in the sea for every inhabitant of the globe, says John Hays Hammond, the famous mining engineer. But, unfortunately, no com mercially successful method of extracting it has been invented thus far. Water dredged from the great depths of the Atlantic contains four grains of gold to a ton of water. An estimated total amount of gold in the oceans of the world thus runs into thousands of millions of tons. Hammond tolls "The Story of Hold" in the January Mentor Magazine, drawing upon his life experience for some of the most interesting bits of his article. He tells of meeting John Marshall, the discoverer of gold in California. Marshall showed the famous engineer the exact spot where he found the tiny nugget that started I the California gold rush in '49. Man's high regard for gold is due, Hammond believes, to a race memory of the time when it was the only metal known. Unlike other metals, i which generally require smelting, gold is often found in a free state. One of the largest nuggets of this sort, the "Welcome Stranger," found at Dunolly, Victoria, in ISO'.), weighed 2.268 ounces. So gold may have been made; into ornaments before the discovery) j of fire. The earliest recorded civili-j ' zation knew how to mine it. Gold was the chief medium of ex-j change in the ancient world. Kings, apparently esteemed it more than j their wealth in land. . During the mediaeval times little gold was mined' in the fifteenth centum th?? wnrlil'cl total supply was valued at. $225,000,-! 000 only. California Leads in Production The story of gold in the United States began with the rush to California in '49. California still leads all; other states in gold production. Ne-j vada, Colorado, and South Dakota are j close rivals. The Klondike rush to northwestern Canada in 1897 was sub -' stantially a repetition of the Califor-i nia rush. But the Klondike's gold pro duction has steadily fallen oft", while i that of the neighboring territory of! Alaska has increased until it is to-day| one of the world's most important gold-producing di tricts. Australia experienced a gold rush1 shortly after California. Thity years! later, important fields were discovered in the vast, arid interior. Engineers have worked marvels there, piping water hundreds of miles to the min ers. Rand Richest Field The richest gold-producing region is the Witwatersrand, of White W a fore Ponn-n 5r? T* ?? uvvkQ in uic X lauavnui.i South Africa. The Rand, as it is commonly called, is a tract forty miles long. From this small area half of the world's supply of gold has come for many years. Gold worth $12,000,000,000 Is still accessible there engineers say. India is the greatest consumer oi gold, according to Hammond. It is used mostly for ornamental purposes. Pure gold is too soft for most uses in the arts. It is alloyed with copper and silver for making coins, plate, and jewelry. No other metal is so malleable or so ductile. An ounce of I gold can be drawn into a wire 50 miles long and beaten into a leaf] 1-367,500 of an inch thick. , ^ , Landru May Be Master Spy D. Landru, may have been a master spy who employed as his agents the 10 women he is convicted of murdering has been advanced by Henri Javal, a member of the Paris bar. This suggestion is advanced in an effort to acount for the fact that no direct evidence of the murders was brought out at Landru's trial. The absence of this evidence has caused a feeling of uncertainty by most Farisiens in regard to this mysterious case and numerous attempts have been made to solve the mystery on some other basis than, murder. Developing his theory, Maitre Javal says: "Eleven persons, 10 fiancees and the son of one of them have disappeared. I.andru alone knows whnt has become of them, and he says nothing. By his silence he puts his head at slake. This can only mean that the truth, were it known, would be as fatal for him. But the whole affair takes on another complexion If we imagine, for the sake of argument, that his victims were his accomplices in crime, and that crime espionage. "Let us suppose," he continues, "that during the war landru was a German spy-recruiting agent. He prefers to work through women. At once this explains his meetings, sometimes five in the same day, with hundreds of women, or whom he chooses only a few, and those few without friends or relatives who might be surprised at their long absence. He takes a lonely villa as far from other habitations as possible where he can receive them. There he fabricates false identity papers for them, keeping their own, and sends them forth on their mission of treason. Arrested, Landru says nothing, and his "victims" naturally -do not break the silence. "Can you imagine, by any other hypothesis, Maitre Javal concludes, "why so careful, calculating a criminal as Landru should bum the bodies of his victims with great difficulty and yet neglect to throw into the all-consuming flames such damnging evidence as their identity, papers? "And does not this theory explain why he should keep such an incriminating document as the diary, in which reference to his victims is made by initials other than their own-> He needed their identity papers and the entries in his diary to show to those who employed him as a recruiter of spies." John Wannamaker Gives Advice "Don't spend recklessly, don't spend unwisely, but keep part of your money in circulation," says John Wannamaker, owner of two of the greatest dry goods stores in America. -He declares that instead of tightening up just at this time and cutting advertising appropriations his stores nre advertising heavier than they usually do, in the belief that the very best thing that can happen to this country will be to keep money circulating. Citizens of Starkville can profit by this man's advice. They can well afford to pay their bills promptly so the other fellow can do the same thing? and with everybody meeting their bills, especially the smaller ones, who are sure to run along smoothly until good times, now known to be just around the corner, come pack to stay. Dig up the dollar or two you owe the grocer, the butcher or anybody else and fork it over. He'll do the same thing. Maybe a dozen bills will be paid with that same dollar or two and every time it will serve to hasten the arrival of the kind of prosperity we're hoping for.?Starkville News, j Surprising Result From Conference A surprising result of the President's Conference on Unemployment is the amount of outdoor work planned for this winter. Though the rule heretofore has been to suspend such projects until spring, reports from widely scattered localities show that road building, sewer and water main construction, and the erection of wooden and steel bridges, will go forward during the next three months even in the most northerly parts of the United States. Some public works officials even report awarding of contracts only on condition that contractors begin work at once and continue through the winter, to relieve unemployment. "Although the returns are incomplete," said Colonel Arthur Woods, chairman of the standing committee, today, "it is safe to estimate that several hundred thousand more men will be employed 011 public work this winter than last year, thus making up to that extent discharges from other in.1 a-: nr*u ? u? J uuMru-s. 1111^ is in tine witn experience in Canada, where much outdoor work on public projects has been done in winter to help the jobless." Among the states now doing highway work are Alabama, Illinois, Kansas, Kentucky, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Jersey, North Carolina, Rhode Island, Washington, and West Virginia. Winter bride building is going ahead in Delaware, Illinois, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, North Carolina and Wisconsin. In Boston, Mass., sewer contracts are being let with the distinct understanding that work will being immediately regardless of weather conditions, with a view^ to giving muchneeded work to many. New York City informs the Washington authorities that the laying of water mains and repairs on pumping stations will be carried on irrespective of weather conditions, and work has been started on a new $360,000 pier. Cleveland, Ohio, has awarded its contracts on sewers so as to keep 250 men busy all winter long. Passaic Valley sewerage commissioners, of New Jersey, have $850,000 of sewers under way, giving work to snout i.uuu men. in ivortn uhkoiu, hauling and road graveling will continue through cold weather. Rhode Island has an extensive program of highway construction and its chief engineer of roads informs the conference that all its large projects wil^be continued during the entire winter, unless heavy snow prevent. 35c for Men's Blue Work Shirts at McLure's Fire Sale. Reorganization of Philippine Government Manila, Jan. 9.?Reorganization of the departments and bureaus of the Philippine government with a view to placing the finances of the government on a sound basis. is urged by Governor Genreal Wood in a circular letter just sent to all secretaries of departments. The secretaries are called upon to instruct bureaus and oflices under them to eliminate all personnel which is not absolutely necessary in the administration of the government. The letter says: "In view of the recent great losses of the government and the tying up of so much government capital in enterprises where it must necessarily remain for some time under conditions which will not make the Investment productive and in view of the necessity of the government upon a basis of efTiceincy, it is absolutely "(a) To reduce all expenditures lo a point which will brnig the budget safely within the income of the government; "(b) To rigidly reduce all expendi tures to the lowest point consistent with efficiency; "(c) To eliminate all unproductive and unnecessary expenditures. "These general plans can be met only by the elimination of all personnel which is not absolutely necessary to the efficient conduct of the affairs of vour department and by a most rigid supervision of all estimates and requisitions and involving the expenditure of public moneys. "It i.<r"only by thorough and careful co-operation by all departments of the government on the lines indicated that the finances of the islands can be placed on a sound basis." $1.75 for full sibe plaid Cotton Blankets at McLure's Fire Sale. Grade Crossing* to Be Eliminated Washington, D. C., Jan. 10.?The grade crossing must go and they will be eliminated wherever possible on the roads of the Federal Aid Highway System, which will be built as a result of the passage of the Federal Highway Act. When the roads which form the primary or interstate system are constructed, no grade crossing will be allowed to remain that it is at all practicable to avoid. Every effort will be made to make the rofrds of the secondary system equally safe, but in this case it is recognized that elimination may not be practicable in all cases at this time. In" making this announcement the Bureau of Public Roads, United States Department of Agriculture, under whose supervision the fund ,is allotted and construction is undertaken, is put! ting into effect a policy which it. nas long advocated in principle, and whose adoption it has urged with increasing effectiveness upon state-highway officials for some time pAst. The policy is meeting with hearty cooperation on the part of the states, and the Aineri- i can Asocintion of State^IIighway Officials by resolution has pledged its best efforts to cooperate to eliminate grade crossings on new construction. In addition, thepottt^TTTtds favor among the railroads, some of the leading carriers already having lent cheerful aid in avoiding the construction of more grade crossings. Instead of grade crossings there will be constructed, wherever possible, in the future either n bridge or an underpass where roadway and railway intersect. Important roads, which now cross and rccross railroad lines at grades hereafter will be located entirely on one side of the railroad, even though to do so may increase the cost of construction. State officials, realizing the need of eliminating grade crossings, have stated their desire to cooperate with the department in carrying out this plan. Where crossings are unavoidable, or where local interests justify construction of highways to cross railroad lines, the road will be so located as to pass over the track or under it. In most instances of this sort the railroads bear one-half of the cost of building the bridge or underpass. The prime object of the department's policy to eliminate grade crossings on Federal-aid roads is the saving of human lives. This policy probably will involve increased expense of construction in the case of some roads, but it is believed this is justified by the saving of life. During the three years ending with 1920, according to the best records available to the department.3,636 lives were lost at grade crossings" in the United States and 10.644 persons were injured. . ^ i . ? ?. i Educational Congrc^fr To Be Held in Manila Manila, P. I., Jan. 7.?The Far Eastern Educational Congress will be held in Manila dumig the first week in February, instead of in December as originally planned by the board of regents of the University of the Philippines. The pew date coincides with the annual carnival week when a commercial and industrial fair and several congresses and conventions are to be held. It had been planned originally to bold the educational congress simulatneously with the inauguration in December of Dr. Guy Potter Benton, new president of fk? r nuiii viiv v/ in vci o*vjr ui uic x iiuippincn. The Educational Congress is expected to bring to Manila many prominent educators from Far Eastern countries, and according to the announcement it will "tend to promote cooperation between the educational efforts of the Insular government, religious bodies and private institutions." Wireless Telephone Carries Sermons Through the equipment of the First Baptist church of Dallas, Texas, with a wireless telephone outfit and notification sent to wireless stations throughout the Southwest, thousands of people many miles away were permitted to enjoy the Christmas sermon of Dr. Geo. W. Truetfc, on Christmas morning. It fa planned to retain this equipment permanently and give all persons in the Southwest who have access to wireless telephones and desire to do so, the privilege of listening in on both the morning and evening sermons of Dr. Truett each Sunday. Miss Charra E. Barlow, teacher of the Fidelia class, has been very active in bringing about the installation of the wireless equipment and securing the cooperation of the Dallas Radio club in giving the widest circulation to Dr. Truett's messages, and on a recent Sunday, Miss Barlow's interpretation of the Sunday School lesson was likewise sent out by wires to thousands of hearers. About 650 stations have taken note of the services. Granted Telephones After Fourteen Years Tokio, Jan. 10.?Three hundred and fifty persons who applied for telephones in 1007 have just been granted them by the Central Telegraph Bureau in Tokio, says the Japan Advertiser. Five of the three hundred and fifty are not to be found at the addresses they gave fourteen years ago but the bureau will allow them five days of grace to claim their homes. China is being allowed to operate her own poatoffices faces a new era. 4 C * J nBMJKa, y "Good to the Ldtst Drop" PALMETTO FISH TANKAGE I ?. S i? a ?,?:^.,*:A~ ui 1 ~c : ? -?NV ' " ovivmiiiv UIC1IU Ul Vdl 1UU5 dill- W1 . ?pr,7v?V ' ironiates and wi'l he found highly beneficial on corn and truck crops as we,! 3'*f:c v" 3^,/Qi I /> as the best cotton fertilizer known. f ]** '*;i | j ((w/) I Guaranteed Analysis ! r.l \'J pr 1 p " ' ^ pv?r? I If your local Agent cannot supply L ~ "#&" ll you communicate with us direct. f? A. F. PRINGLE, INC., . C Endows Scholarship . ,. . - - ? ? ??> At Furman _ . Greenville, Jan. 10.?A gift of $2,- if G3St VI LCi B ?j I 4j) 5 ? ? 500 to Furman University for the purpose of endowing a scholarship in * 4. /' ^ i * this institution for worthy young men I " P J ^f m> V1 of Cherokee roomy h.? horn ma.le b> ^ 1 ' ' ' * ' '** XAlUII Mr. J. A. Carroll, of GafTnoy, one ot ? v, the best known and most successful t 'v business men in the upper part of the b.rf ^ state and a gentleman who has contributed largely to his denomination Banishes Skirt F.? jvLio - \ F rm Fleah and to the commercial upbuilding of * 4, his city and county. Mr. Carroll ha- 11 el in *nd always proved a staunch supporter hoaUhv 8tl9?h*ot and friend of Christian education and v>> * -ur ucrve force and . , > tr , 1 ^3Wfe' ) u\ ' I 11.0 per cent. better his gift to turman University is Inn fp ' : 1 Mastio's tiny y*Mt in keeping with the policy that ha ? ' ' * .. each meal and wfttcb characterized hi, valaable and .?*.! <&!?> 5?tf life. Roue.itSPOT'W ^ ':C- ~ ".."" as well as the two Last year the board of trustees < *-?* ??5* ? ?JT._ ' _ "" ' important vitamiuet ? * . . , - 1 . \ <-- - ? A and Water boluble Furman University created freshman scrawuvih^ \ 1 , nicely will not upm scholarship, worth $150. for overv ~~~ \ ; r cause gas but. on the o ,u c vi 1 " * to digestion, to overcounty in South Carolina. Already f : < a irencr.d conditioner some of these have been endowed. Mr. Of whrt ti?n Are R<v?ut;ful > * !,r;,i boila at,d ekio Tinn.? P rifiecctl nmminnnl Fcnturcaif You Have an Ugly ' ' i U" n: iilie Under tl.Cir .lames 1. uossett, prominent < niton gkin> Flabby Fle.bi ?r,?mv , . ,Itl[/1, Vl,,? \^nu.t manufacturer ef Anderson county, ha & *&*., ? vTtSmam yT?ef; I !: ru*y instead el ill n , VITAMON Tavist* . | , f caloric** t'ie eye* recently endowed two such scholar are Positively Gujuniffd to I |.. , -v, . i a -nn/lao . ?<? , Giva You New Heollh. Beauty I i 1.1 n:i* ships for that county. Kfrnits are tie -nd ? More Rounded F.? | ; " ^o!u'H\ Ruaraning made to procure endowment fo. and Fi?ur?. | . . i ' i v"mV)N?thr the scholarships in the other countie.- ?f ( ( u;^,. tablet. f .1 . .?. There la nothing else like it, so d > n You can of the state. get Martin'? VITAMON Tahl-i .t ii a.;' The scholarships established l?y the Furman University trustees are to he MA Vi '-M' Guaranteed "awarded on the following conditions: v: - ' t*i u 1. It will he available only to gr.id * ".1 J 68 ' uates of eleven grades. *^^v' *c ^'nf,,nfl^ e^*e 2. The recipient must make a gen tut original ,'j i/ffiy t|? f vrr-sr - v/hun Takci '?th eral average of 80.r> per cent in his GiNUinft "Nnjjr" ^TAQLfct^ Every Meal or Money k studies ^ in^ his m ^ high 4. In case nf mere than nne appli f or Sale By Union Diug Store cant from any given county the winner will be selected by a competitive . ? _ examination on English grammar and atmosphere is to be found at I'ardo !i: a:i l?e at all encouraged until composition, English literature, Algr jj and therefore it may go side l>yj \v< h \c obtained complete control bra and Plane geometry. side with violence in Hoinbay. This' r the auras. 1 have, personally, The examinations will he held in the js impossible; neither Bnrdoli nor come dcliU.-r.-ucly to the conclusion county on questions sent, out from Bombay can be treated a separate thai n as- civil disobedience cannot Furman University, and papers will lMiconnected units. They are a pari he darted for th present. I confess be graded by the Furman faculty. ?f one jrroat undivisihle whole. 1 my ia.ahihty to conduct the campaign This examination, together with his wns nossihile t,, isolate Uahah it i o.i ; ... -> . .?v-.-iin m>uc lllllCSS, conigeneral high school record, will bo was a|so possible i disregard .Malt- eU i-'y i non-violence atmosphere is used ip reaching n decision. ,gaon, hut it was not possible to ig cmm,, i unong the people." 1 " nore Bombay. I : the presidency of Bengal, the Explaining Riot at Bombty "We were under the pledge, hound moi; , > .| native movement has been ''Calcutta, Jan. 10.?Mahatma Gaml- to protect the person of the Prince u; i d up .11 a notification issued hi has issued a statement deprecat- ft<>m any harm or insult, and w by tli?- <roveiiioi in council, making ing violence and resistance to consti- broke, that pledge inasmuch a any all non-co-operation organizatuted authority, and explaining his onc us insulted or injured a sir g . hen- in'1 as the Bengal \Ton-Cotheory of resistance by non-violence European or any othei who toek part eperai ten Volnn'eer Corps, Central "The statement was issued as a re- in the welcome. I can't shirk ntv Mohaui? '( dan Volunteer Corps ami o?lf n 1 ? *L vi mv uuinvajf i iiifciuK ujhmi i in.* own ics poll si i>i I j t v. I ii m more in i ho ' "ii ics'. Committee Corps, arrival of the Prince of Wales, in strumental than any other in bring- Tl.'s \ is followed l>y a series of which seven were killed and 200 in- jng in a spirit of revolt. I find my raids I>\ the police in different parts jured. Gandhi's statement says: self not fully capable of controlling1 of Calcutta and suburbs. The police "The hope of reviving mas civil and disciplining that spirit. searched four Congress and three disobedience has, in my opinion, once "The Working Committee will Klviafat offices, seizing a large nummore been dashed to pieces. The at- have to devote its attention to the her of documents, papers, and books I mosphere for mass civil disobedience situation and consider in the light and removing them to hte central pois absent. It is not enough that such theieof whether mass civil disobedi- lice station. No arrests were made.