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& THE BEGINNING OF THE EXI>. Survey of the War in Etuoj>e at Close of the Fifth Month. In any general survey of the history of the great war in its fifth month, the moral rather than the military effect of the operations takes first place. For if the German attack in the opening months might fairly be likened to a forest nre sweeping irresistibly forward over vast districts, ever widening its area of destruction and mounting eve'higher in its violence.* it is not less patent that. December come, there was east and west in Europe an evi* dent slackening of the tire?growing competence on the part of those whose necessity it was to limit, control, extinguish the blaze. Looking at the field of operation in December, it was plain that while f-, there had been no success yet in actually extinguishing the conflagration, it had been limited, circumscribed. confined to the narrowest bounds since it broke out. In places it was actually flung back; at no: point was it permitted to ravage' again many of the districts which [ it had swept over in the early davsj * of August and September. In September it was Paris which! had been in danger. In October, in ; November, the German drive for the; seacoast, for Calais and Dunkirk,! threatened to conquer for the kaiser j that "window on the channel" which: for all Pan-Germans had been the j dream of all dreams, the first step in the series which was to acquire for Germany her "place in the sun." j , ' But if in November and in the *. terrible battle of Ypres, of Fland-! ers, this German advance had been; halted in December, it was clear that ! like the march to Paris the sweep to the channel had been definitely repulsed. From Switzerland to the North Sea the great German off en-] sive had come to a full stop, fallen dead, lost the necessary numbers! and force, had sunk to the level of. a mere siege operation in which the; Germans were more frequently oni the defensive, than the offensive, and | one by one towns and villages in Flanders, in Artois, in Champagne, i which had been captured in the initial drives, were regained by allied i advances, advances measured by j rods, not miles, achieved in days, J not hours. For this the explanation was to be found rather in the east than the ] west, for while her western campaign J was still at a crisis Germany had j again, as before the battle of the; Marne. to hurry eastward troops: necessary to enforce victory in Flanders to avoid the imminent disaster Russian masses had prepared i in Poland. East and west, Russian, | French and British armies- increased j in numbers, in effectiveness, in ma'; terial, particularly in artillery, while ; Austrian resources and military value! declined still more rapidly than before, and at last there seemed to be the approach of aj?time when German nutnbers and courage. German efficiency" and skill would no longer avail to keep the battle lines on both i ; ,! y fronts outside her own territory. Looking seaward, too, the decisive j " defeat of the last German fleet on j the high seas?always inevitable, j given the superiority of the allied j navies?served to emphasize once| more how fatally the net was'being drawn about the German empire. It served to recall for all Americans the circumstances of the Confederacy, when?Geddysburg lost, and the Atlantic blockade made effective? the superiority in resources and numbers of the North was established, and the Civil war settled down to a process of attrition. Then came destruction by campaigns in which neither skill, devotion, nor valor could avail against numbers, wealth, . / 'and sea power. Thus for the outside world December seemed to mark the begin . ning of the end, not in the sense that the approach of peace was measurably hastened, not that the prospect of a long and terible war was banished, but simply in the sense that under the political conditions exisi-i ing, while the ranks of her enemies remained unbrbken, there was no . longer any promise of ultimate German victory. Germany's problem henceforth seemed to be one of de fense not attack*, of endurance not _ conquest. William II was not to L conquer Europe as Napoleon did at p Austerlitz. Germany was not to control the continent as France had a little more than a century before. It remained to be seen whether the German emperor could hold Belgium as Frederick the Great had held Silesia, against the combined military strength of Europe.?Frank H. t Simonds in Review of Reviews. Who Said It? r Who said money was scarce? Tiie First National bank of Aurora advertises: "Money to loan to farmers for feeding cattle."?Chicago Tribune. Bcnes of the albatross are being used to a very great extent of late as mouthpieces of pipes instead of amber. | Holder if Records I Speed ! ii IU.T N D E w * V ? ? i? 1 I Holder of th for Supe cal 'The M 112 Bull S WIRELESS PHONING 100 MILES. Relayed From Steamer to Herald Square via Wireless Station. This is the story of the first wirelees telephone communication from the bridee of a steamship, 100 miles at sea, to a' land station some distance from the coast, as recounted by the New York Herald. It occurred, says the Herald, when Capt. Gibbs, on board the little freight vessel Tyler, of the Old Dominion line, fitted an ordinary telephone to his lips and called: "Hello Herald, is that you?" When he did .that the Tyler had passed the Roamer shoal, and was about 100 miles from the Herald wireless station at the battery, where the messages were received and relavd to several points about New York city. Dr. D. G. McCaa, inventor of the system employed, was at the Herald station to hear the first successful test of this epoch-making step in the science of wireless communication. The flood of wireless questions that rained in on the Tyler from every ship and shore station along the coast was such as to make him believe that the years he has spent in perfecting his system have not been spent in vain. Made Tests Last Year. In June he succeeded in talking from the Tyler to the Herald station, but at that time the operator on board the steamship spoke directly into the instrument and his voice carried only as far as the battery. Several days later, by simply placing the wireless receivers at the Herald station against the transmitter of an ordinary telephone, a voice from the Tyler was heard at the Herald office, in Herald square, but the sound was indistinct. Last night Capt. Gibbs spoke from the bridge. The relays that Dr. Mc Caa has been perfecting, earned his voice into the wireless transmission apparatus on board the Tyler, whence the electrical waves bore it to the Herald wireless station. From there they were again relayed first to Mr, W. D. Terrell, the United States wireless inspector, then to the main office of the Herald, and later to the Brooklyn residence of Mr. H. B, Walker, president of the Old Do minion line. The Tyler cleared the hook at half past seven o'clock. Long before she began her voyage, everything was made ready in her wireless room and from that time on until morning, tests were made every half hour. II was about quarter to eleven o'clock when word was passed from the wireless station to the main office of the Herald that Capt. Gibbs was going to talk. This is what the report of All W for Typev and Accii E ?o ^ D e Elliott Cressoi riority of mech construction lachine th< treet er at the end of that wire heard: Hear Inventor's Voice. ' First came a small army of dot and dashes, in companies of twos c threes, and the faint rumble'-of a fe: ry whistle at the battery. Then th , voice of Dr. McCaa: i t "Are you ready? He's working. After a moment the dots and dasl es' died away in a faint buzzinj which gradually died out as the v brations of a human voice begai j At first they were little less than v . brations, but as the straining ear b< . came accustomed to them, the lettei i nf tVio, nlnhahet rnnld bp heard. "D, E, F, G, H," and so on, eve growing stronger, and more distinc ; they came. Then, faintly again, Car i j tain Gibbs said: i "I will count." And he did, up t . 20. The final numbers were hear i as distinctly as though the commanc J er of the Tyler were at the Heral i! wireless station instead of on hi . j bridge well down the coast. No ar swer could be made to him becaus . so far Dr. McCaa has not installed . transmitting station at the Heral ; wireless station. The test to Brooklyn was not s successful. Dr. McCaa was far froi . being satisfied with the working c . his relays and the added interfei ence and resistance of the seven switchboards through which the Caj | tain's words had to pass to reac J Mr. Walker was too much to be ovei come by the intensity of the electrit al waves that carried them. Adde | to this the wireless station at Foi Worth, actuated by a curiosity tha was common along the coast, wa . frantically calling the Tyler to ascei tain just what was going on. Mr. Walker Enthusiastic. ! "I could hear his voice." said Mi . Walker later, "but there were to > many other noises for me to catc j what he said." Mr. Walker is er | thusiastic about the possibilities c j "bridge to bridge" transmission b i i wireless telephone as is demonstrai ! ed bv the whole-hearted manner i M which he has placed the Tyler at Di > McCaa's disposal. "In time of danger, fog or any c ! the other perils that beset stean i ships, the wireless telephone woul .: be a wonder," he said. "I am gla (jto hear that the experiments of D; .! McCaa are making such fine heac way." Other gratification than the su< r! cessful working of the bridge con sjmunication awaited Dr. McCaa las i; night. Hardly had Captain Gibli , I finished talking with the main offic ,' of the Herald before the station s : j Philadelphia began to call the Tyle : She is known along the coast as th "Wireless telephone boat.'' 'j "What are you doing tonight? Philadelphia asked, and then wpr on to explain that Captain Gibb i ?rld's Use< vriter Chai iracy | fol i Medal The ir ani- in n it You Wi ! voice was heard very distinctly here The distance between the Philadel phia station and the Tyler at thi ^ time was about 150 miles, a greate r_ distance than Dr. McCaa has bee: able to get results from before. Th station at Sea Gate also telegraphei to the Herald station describing th clearness with which the voice o: r the Tyler's bridge was to be heard, r Heard by Steamships. The Hamilton, of the Old Domin / ion line, which left New York earlie than the Tyler and is faster than th ' little freight vessel, reported back V the Herald station that her wireles operator was able to hear Captaii Gibbs. She was about 100 mile ' south of the Tyler at that time. Numerous amateur stations couh be heard calling the Herald. "WHB,' ^ and trying to reach the Tyler askini j all manner of questions and radiat ^ ing congratulations to the best o I their ability. The tests on board the Tyler wen made throughout the night at inter vals of half an hour, and every hal j hour that passed added to the marve u lousness of the accomplishment. Dur ing each such period the little Tyle put another half a dozen miles be tween herself and the Herald station i without apparently diminishing th> strength with which the voices o Captain Gibbs of W. G. Wode and Mr b Pearce, Dr. McCaa's assistants 01 . I board the freighter, j PULPIT REPARTEE IX 1740-42. dj t Ministers Like Josiah Duight Had i it Remarkably Keen Sense of Humor. 5 Jonathan Edwards, the younger , was pastor in New Haven for 2; ' years and had a decided influence ii ! forming the New England theology r. J It is not easy to characterize th< o theology of these son^ of the Grea h Awakening (1740-42); they were al i- j decided Calvinists, modified accord >f ing to their individual ways of think y ing, but they were men of power, ant t- every one contributed to the develop n ment of the people in their ideas o r.! personal liberty. i The impression that the sermom if were uniformly long and dry is an ex l- aggeration, and there were men o j in minio U ui iguioui,v aiiu iiuiuui in unuio d try, like Josiah Dwight, of Wood r. stork, who said: "If unconvertei I- men ever get to heaven they woul( i feel as uneasy as a shad up th< i- crotch of a white oak." i- i There was some disagreement be ;t tween this man and neighboring min is isters. and when they met him in th< e interests of .harmony, he prayed tha it, they "might so hitch their horses to r.! gether on earth that they shoult e never kick in the stables of everlast i ing salvation." Keen wit and shar] " ponartpp rbar.irtprized ' the COnversa it j tion of many.?From "A History o 's | Connecticut." by George L. Clark. 1 i . V ,''t V. . i by All World's I mpions and Success- E i Speed Operators rrn u 1 ii n i nil v-J Pr : rD I n" m IS lachine that broke all records || lechanical history for rapid J! growth in output 11 Eventually Buy" vfJ Savannah, Georgia 1 i WATERMELON SEED Jj excel, tom watson e And other good sorts. Send for catadj logue. It tells how to Grow and Ship q6| watermelons LOW PRICE ON SEED D. H. GILBERT, Honticello, Fla. I 1 Grower of Watermelons Expressly for Seed I You Can Save From Two To Six Dollars :| * Per Ton On Your Fertilizer Bill! Ji .-i . >JS I v x V'3 1 -fi e! 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