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but Little Left of Bougie, Once Thriving Metropolir Bougie, thrust into the war new? by United Nations landing forces lies slightly more than a third of the way between Algiers and the Tuni si an border. "Bougie" means candle^ or candle power, in French, says a bulletin from the National Geographic society. If light from Bougie were beamed due north across the Mediterranean it would strike Marseille, some 400 miles away. If the American forces of occupation were on a peacetime mission they would find that Bougie presents opportunities for some interesting sightseeing. Remains of ancient forts, walls, and other structures recall its importance from earliest recorded time. When Carthage was in power, the site of what is now Bougie was a thriving post for trade. The Romans later called it Saldae, and erected there fortifications, baths, and handsome public buildings. The Vandals and the Berbers captured it in turn. During the 11th century, the Berbers made it a metropolis of a hundred thousand inhabitants, with mosques, colleges, and an active business in tile and pottery manufacture. Later come the Turks and other conquerors. By the tim$ the French moved into the city, in the 1830s, centuries of international wars and piracy had so devastated it that little remained .except ruins. Casablanca Principal Port For French West Africa Casablanca, Morocco's Atlantic port where United States bombers are reported to have dropped hundreds of bombs on extensive harbor installations, is Morocco's principal port and western terminus of the railroad running east through French North Africa, says the National Geographic society. Just before the war tonnage had increased some 15 times in a quarter century. Since France took possession 35 years ago it has poured $65,000,000 into harbor developments. The harbor and railroad connections were the leading factors in promoting a Moorish fishing village into a modern city of 175,000 population, nearly half European. In addition to a battery of cranes there is a floating dock, pipe line for oil fuel, and railway sidings over which pass more than half of Morocco's export trade, and 70 per cent of the imports. Two long moles enclose the 350acre harbor, dominated by huge warehouses and grain elevators. Special quays handle coal and phosphates. Algiers: A Carious Mixture The French found Algiers an accessible spot which combined the pleasures of an exotic foreign holiday with many comforts of home. For Algiers is a curious mixture of modern French city life and Arab customs which have changed little in a thousand years. The off-duty American soldier for instance, may look for souvenirs in ? smart French shop, or choose to visit the native market place. In the European section, the Yank will find?against a North African background of mosque and palm tree?urban theaters, open air cafes, hotels and commercial offices, along with broad paved avenues where normally automobiles and trolleybuses run. But it is another world in the native quarter which climbs the hills back of the water front area. There, narrow streets twist and turn, streets that are darkened by houses whose overhanging upper stories may literally form a roof over the heads of the passers-by. Tobacco Taxes Increase Tobacco taxes collected by the states increased 761 per cent during the last decade?from approximately $17,000,000 to more than $130,000,000, an analysis by the Federation of Tax Administrators showed recently. Greater part of,the jump Was caused by the Increase in the number of states making! the tobacco levy during the 10-year period. In 1932 there _were only 13 states with a tobacco t?uc; at present 28 states levy the tax. The sharp increase in , revenues between 1939 and 1942? from slightly less than $60,000,000 to $130,000,000?is dtle mainly to effects of the war, such as smoking by service men and ja general increase in purchasing power, the federation said. During the same period, also, the two largest populated states in the country?New York and Illinois?adopted the tobacco tax. Morganatic Marriage A morganafic marriage, occasionally called a "left-handed marriage" since the left hand rather than the right is often given in the ceremony, is a valid form of marriage which male members of'some royal families in Europe and certain nobility, formerly belonging to reigning families may contract with a worrran of inferior rank. In sucK a marriage the wife does not acquire and the children do not inherit the rank Of the husband and father, and the children do not. sudceed either Xce^SSL public position or -to the property annexed thereto. In some cases morganatic wife and her children have no rights of succcftBloor even to the private- property at tha husband, excepting under will or by marriage settlement. The term atth" i* applied when a woman of nobility marries a mim hmr nnlsl Inferior . Albania: A Little Nation Having a Long History Albania, reported in armed revolt against the Italians, is a little country with a long history. Dwellers in a land about as big as Maryland, Albanians?the undent Illyriana?have known for centuries what it means to be invaded, says a bulletin from the National Geographic society. First the Romans, then the Byzantines, Slaws, and Turks, and finally the Italians, moved in on them. A 200-mile wedge between Yugoslavia and Greece, Albania is a land corridor?but with natural obstacles ?leading into the Balkan peninsula. It dominates the narrow water gate opening on the Adriatic and Ionian seus;'is oidy about 47 miles from the "heel" of the Itullan "boot." 'Wild and rugged, with some of its mountains more than a mile high, Albania oilers only a difficult and precarious living to its million citizens, most of them farmers and, stock-raisers. Many of tho rivers are raging torrents in winter, dry beds in summer. Safi U, Like Casablanca, Another Important Harbor Safl, southernmost beach head established by American troops in the North African campaign, ranks next to Casablanca among Moroccan Atlantic coast ports. It is the capital of the Abda-Ahmar district and the port for Marrakech, a city of 190,000 about 85 miles inland. Of its 25,000 inhabitants, less than 2,b00 are Europeans. Nearly all the remainder are Moslems. A railroad links the city with Marrakech and Casablanca, and the latter, 135 miles north, may also be reached by modern motor coaches. A military areodrome is situated about five miles southwest of the town. Safl has a 75-acre jetty-enclosed harbor with a depth of from 20 to 40 feet. Waterfront improvements include connection of the quays with the railway, fueling facilities, and cargo handling devices. Apparatus is available for loading phosphate at the rate of 1,000 tons an hour from a huge storage dump. Tunisia's Garden of Eden Three oases at Gabes, Tunisia's "Southern resort," pour forth an abundance of water. These waters create a veritable Garden of Eden in the desert, an area covered with 200,000 palm trees, vineyards, olive and citrus groves and fertile gardens around the town. The drainage from the oases flows into Gabes bay, the deepest indentation on the Tunisian coast. Menzel and Djara are suburban villages of Gabes. Dates are the principal export of Gabes. Even the light-draft harbor boats have difficulty in the shallow channel leading to the town's wharf, and cargoes and passengers must be lightered to and from larger vessels anchored a mile off shore in the gulf. Normally Gabes is a popular tourist town, for its own lush beauties of nature in the desert; and as a base for visits to Tripoli, to the troglodyte, underground cliff villages at Matmata and Medenine, and to Djerba, largest island of the Barbary coast. Largest City in Algeria Algiers: The largest city in Algeria, with 252,000 people, this is one of the leading French African naval bases on the Mediterranean as well as an important port for trade between Algeria and France. About halfway between the Algerian frontiers of Morocco and Tunisia, Algiers is less than 400 airline miles across the Mediterranean from France. With a moderate climate, the city is a curious mixture of modern French city life and unchanging Arab customs, such as the veiling of women. The European part of Algiers has theaters, big hotels, open-air cafes, and up-todate shops along broad paved avenues, where automobiles and street cars run. The ' naval base is not far from the commercial harbor. Meat Be Cooked tor Canning Mrs. Cornelia C. Morris, extension food conservationist of North Carolina State college, says there are several waya to pre-cook meat for canning.- "If meat is to be cooked before it is canned," she^ said, it should not be more than half done. It can be browned quickly in a small amount of hot fat in a frying nan; it can be roasted in the oven; or it can be stewed or boiled. Do not add salt to the meat until after it is packed in the jars. Mrs. Morris also emphasized that a pressure cooker is essential in canning meats. Other methods are not safe, she declared. Rare African Coast Island A glance at the map of the Mediterranean shows that while there are many islands along the Europe n chnrp. there are comparatively few off the African coast Pantel-. Tertt is one ome rari African coast islands. The Pantellerian strait has 4h* shallowest water of the Mediterranean. Nowhere does its depth exceed 1.200 feet There Jtffcgpag shallow spots, strangest of which is Graham shoal. In lttl volcanic aoHon there piled up a temporary island 107 feet higf^ !! disappeared completely within four months. This ^flTaaw 00 feet under the sur Minority Report Says Conditions Bad Columbia, Jau. 21, ? "Drastic changes" i" the state penal system, some of whoso institutions have boon used "for political ends, private gain . . . and for immoral purposes." wore urged in a minority report of a house penal probe committee entered today with a majority report in official records of tIk* house of representatives. Saying that "We were . . . unable, to agree with the majority report," filed lust summer, Wilbur (irant. of Cheater, and Boyd Brown, of Fairfield, said lit submitting the minority report that "There is sufficient evidence also to dainaud that there be drastic changes in the operation, supervision and administration of the penal system. "It is recommended that the governor and legislature tit the next session take steps to have a new plan of supervision aud administration for the penal system. The present bourd has proved to be entirely inadequate . . . By all means the new board should be kept free of political influence. "Every safeguard should bo taken to prevent tho unnecessary presence or Interference of male officials or guards with matrons" at the women's prison." . . . There should bo some law to guard against any man ever being placod again In charge of the girls industrial school. "Nothing could be more hideous than for men in high places of trust to take advantage of helpless women and young girls as tho evidence indicates has been the case in tho South Carolina penal system. "^uch Is a blot and a shame on the character of the whole state. Those found responsible should not be spared ..." "How such awful conditions In the penal system continued without either this (the state penal) board's knowledge or consent must be put down as a mystery." Listing the members of the bourd serving during the three-year period covered by the investigation as former Governor Burnet R. Maybank, Dr. Frank Ownes, of Columbia; Col. H. C.' Carrigan, of Summerton; Ralph T. Wilson, of Laurens; T. Sloan Bannister, of Anderson; Frank A. Thompson, of Conway; and Charles Bolneau, of Boykln, the report said: " . . .It can be said, however, that five members of the board, Messrs. Owens, Carrigan, Wilson, Bannister and Bolneau unanimously exonerated Mr. Huey In the face of overwhelming eveldence at a hearing your committee had attended. We were amazed by the action of the board In view of the evidence presented against Mr. Huey. Several days later Mr. Huey resigned." Referring to records of the committee's investigation and hearings, the minority report said "contained therein is strong evidence that the following conditions have existed 1n tho penal system: "A deplorable lack of either honest, intelligent or adequate supervision by the Btate penal board. Flagrant dishonesty in the purchase of prison supplies . . . "Astonishing evidence of immorality between officials of the female Institutions and Inmates under their custody, the officials named by the witnesses being Col. John M. Glenn, former superintendent of the penitentiary; W. A. Huey, former superintendent of the S. M. Ward Industrial school for white girls; L. H. Rourk, former captain of the guard8\ at the penitentiary; and J. B. Cafltey, former captain of the guards at the women's prison. "Widespread abuse of the governor's practice of issuing leaves-ofabsence. . . . "... Prisoners being released long ahead of their time" when "the sentences of various prisoners" were "altered." . . . Cases In -which prisoners were allowed to leave the prison . . . Some . . .spent nights in hotels with women. . ' "Leaves-of-ab?enc? granted prisoners on recommendation of Col. Glenn in which there la evidence to show the bribes were paid. "The sale of farm products of which no record was kept with agents of Col. Glenn, including guards and prisoners, splitting with him money derived therfrom. Bartering of farm products without any records bein^ kept . . . Hundreds of dollars worth of livestock sales for cash with no records showing that the meney was paid into the prison treasury . . That since the investigation began Colonel Glenn has gone to persons with whom he had "unrecorded dealings on the' outside and has sought to have them either alter or destroy their records. "The foregoing statements of cor. rupt and immoral conditions at the penal institutions are substantiated by evidence before your committee which has been" checked and donblecfaecked. ?^ -r-r^~ 77 r^ir is U conclude accurately that the penal Institutions which are anppoaed to be for the re habilitation of unfortunate persons, have been Instead used for political ends, private gain for officials and others through bribery, and for immoral purposes of ranking officials of the institutions." CITATION State of South Carolina, County of Kershaw. By N. C. Arnett, Probate Judge: Whereas, Anion R. Levy, made suit to me to grant him Letters of Administration of the Estate and effects of Thomas S. Levy. Th?se Are, Therefore, - to cite and admonish all and singular the Kindred and Creditors of the said Thomas S. Levy deceased, that they be and appear before me in the Court of Probate, to be held at Camden, S. C. on January 29, 1943, next, after publication hereof, at 11 o'clock In the forenoon, to show cause, if any they have, why the said Administration should not be granted. Given under my hand this 14 day of January Anno Domini 1943. N. C. ARNETT, Judge of Probate for Kershaw county Leaves five feet long are grown by the elephant ear plant. FARMERS PRACTICING 6QIL. CONSERVATION METHOD8 (By V. T. Mullen) R. S. Kirk, fttimor in the I.ugoff community, has received fifty tone of basic slug and f>0 tons of lime, much of which will ho used In establishing a permanent pasture. He 1ms also completed marking four acres of timber on a selective basis. The establishment of permanent pasture and proper care of woodland areas are two of the auveral practices which Mr. Kirk is carrying out in bis conservation program. I,. H. I,auoy, farmer in the Boykln RWrtOTT,1 lihs purchased Dalits grass, white Dutch clover and lospedesa Heed to be planted in permanent pasture. I.line has already been applied und Mr. 1 ainey plans to fertilise und seed . ( during February. I, O. Funderburk has purchased 500 pounds of unhulicd serlcea lesdode/.a seed to be planted for perennial bay. Sericea yields well and under favorable conditions two or three cuttings of hay may be obtained per year. Mr. Funderburk plans to follow IiIh small grain with Kobe lospedtza to be uped for buy. TAX RETURNS for 1943 to be made by School Districts Returns of personal property, new buildings, transfers of real estate, " ? poll and road tax, are to he made at the County Auditor's office beginning * January 2 through February 28,1943 All returns must be made by School Districts. Your failure to make return calls for penalty as prescribed by law. Do not wait until the last day to make your returns. In accordance with law, for the [convenience of the taxpayers, I will | be at the following places on the dates designated, to make returns, Personal thlB year: Kershaw, February 3 Mt. Plsgah, February 4 Bethune, February 10 Westville February 11 Liberty Hill, February 17 Blaney, February 18 FRBD OGBURN, County Auditor Pre-fabrlcated wooden "suitcase" homes for migratory workers have been erected in ten minutes. So abundant is water power on the Island of Java that hydro-electric plants supply electric lighting to the most remote mountain villages. Jungle Fighters TIfBSK AUSTRALIANS, photographed Within 100 yarda of Japanese poaitiona in New Guinea, ere ooming out of the lines for a reat. Auatralian and U. S. troops have driven the Japs out of most of New Guinea. Their next job may be to protect Timor or New Britain, atrategio islands northwest of i Australia. o+oooo?ooooo??oo<iooooo++oo?QoooojO!fr+oda?d*aafrsa65ooSofroQoo*o<?oo*oQo<i i The Inside Story . .. jj I Of printing is an interesting-one. Too many people are jj; | disposed to think that printing is just printing. As a jjl | matter of fact, printing is an art. . ; - ~ ; | . There are as many different kinds of printing as there ;!; | are shoes. You do not pay 98 cents for a pair of shoes i|| [ 1; and expect to get quality with them. Such things are ;; | just not in the bag. ~ i; You can get printing done at almost any price. A jjjlj cheap price usually means a cheap job. Poor type, in_ ! ferior ink, poor typography, poor quality paper ? in . ' :ji |C fact, just a plain, cheap job. ?' ; j-J *ij; The Chronicle is equipped to do printing of the better j:? :: grade. Up-to-date type faces, modern presses, and all ; I J; the other things that go into good printing. Il , I And don't think The Chronicle cannot do it. , We have ' i I* the equipment to do printing that would surprise you. I I - For printing of the Better Kind call Telephone ? I The Camden Chronicle I COMMERCIAL PRINTING I