The Camden chronicle. (Camden, S.C.) 1888-1981, January 29, 1943, Page PAGE SEVEN, Image 7
but Little Left of Bougie,
Once Thriving Metropolir
Bougie, thrust into the war new?
by United Nations landing forces
lies slightly more than a third of the
way between Algiers and the Tuni
si an border.
"Bougie" means candle^ or candle
power, in French, says a bulletin
from the National Geographic society.
If light from Bougie were
beamed due north across the Mediterranean
it would strike Marseille,
some 400 miles away.
If the American forces of occupation
were on a peacetime mission
they would find that Bougie presents
opportunities for some interesting
sightseeing. Remains of ancient
forts, walls, and other structures
recall its importance from earliest
recorded time.
When Carthage was in power, the
site of what is now Bougie was a
thriving post for trade. The Romans
later called it Saldae, and
erected there fortifications, baths,
and handsome public buildings. The
Vandals and the Berbers captured
it in turn. During the 11th century,
the Berbers made it a metropolis
of a hundred thousand inhabitants,
with mosques, colleges, and an active
business in tile and pottery
manufacture. Later come the Turks
and other conquerors. By the tim$
the French moved into the city, in
the 1830s, centuries of international
wars and piracy had so devastated
it that little remained .except ruins.
Casablanca Principal Port
For French West Africa
Casablanca, Morocco's Atlantic
port where United States bombers
are reported to have dropped hundreds
of bombs on extensive harbor
installations, is Morocco's principal
port and western terminus of the
railroad running east through
French North Africa, says the National
Geographic society. Just before
the war tonnage had increased
some 15 times in a quarter century.
Since France took possession 35
years ago it has poured $65,000,000
into harbor developments. The harbor
and railroad connections were
the leading factors in promoting a
Moorish fishing village into a modern
city of 175,000 population, nearly
half European.
In addition to a battery of cranes
there is a floating dock, pipe line
for oil fuel, and railway sidings over
which pass more than half of Morocco's
export trade, and 70 per
cent of the imports.
Two long moles enclose the 350acre
harbor, dominated by huge
warehouses and grain elevators.
Special quays handle coal and phosphates.
Algiers: A Carious Mixture
The French found Algiers an accessible
spot which combined the
pleasures of an exotic foreign holiday
with many comforts of home.
For Algiers is a curious mixture of
modern French city life and Arab
customs which have changed little
in a thousand years.
The off-duty American soldier for
instance, may look for souvenirs in
? smart French shop, or choose to
visit the native market place.
In the European section, the Yank
will find?against a North African
background of mosque and palm
tree?urban theaters, open air cafes,
hotels and commercial offices, along
with broad paved avenues where
normally automobiles and trolleybuses
run. But it is another world
in the native quarter which climbs
the hills back of the water front
area. There, narrow streets twist
and turn, streets that are darkened
by houses whose overhanging upper
stories may literally form a roof
over the heads of the passers-by.
Tobacco Taxes Increase
Tobacco taxes collected by the
states increased 761 per cent during
the last decade?from approximately
$17,000,000 to more than $130,000,000,
an analysis by the Federation of
Tax Administrators showed recently.
Greater part of,the jump Was
caused by the Increase in the number
of states making! the tobacco
levy during the 10-year period. In
1932 there _were only 13 states with
a tobacco t?uc; at present 28 states
levy the tax. The sharp increase in
, revenues between 1939 and 1942?
from slightly less than $60,000,000
to $130,000,000?is dtle mainly to effects
of the war, such as smoking
by service men and ja general increase
in purchasing power, the federation
said. During the same period,
also, the two largest populated
states in the country?New York
and Illinois?adopted the tobacco
tax.
Morganatic Marriage
A morganafic marriage, occasionally
called a "left-handed marriage"
since the left hand rather than the
right is often given in the ceremony,
is a valid form of marriage which
male members of'some royal families
in Europe and certain nobility,
formerly belonging to reigning families
may contract with a worrran of
inferior rank. In sucK a marriage
the wife does not acquire and the
children do not inherit the rank Of
the husband and father, and the children
do not. sudceed either Xce^SSL
public position or -to the property
annexed thereto. In some cases
morganatic wife and her children
have no rights of succcftBloor even
to the private- property at tha husband,
excepting under will or by
marriage settlement. The term atth"
i* applied when a woman of nobility
marries a mim hmr nnlsl Inferior
.
Albania: A Little Nation
Having a Long History
Albania, reported in armed revolt
against the Italians, is a little country
with a long history. Dwellers in
a land about as big as Maryland,
Albanians?the undent Illyriana?have
known for centuries what it
means to be invaded, says a bulletin
from the National Geographic
society. First the Romans, then the
Byzantines, Slaws, and Turks, and
finally the Italians, moved in on
them.
A 200-mile wedge between Yugoslavia
and Greece, Albania is a land
corridor?but with natural obstacles
?leading into the Balkan peninsula.
It dominates the narrow water gate
opening on the Adriatic and Ionian
seus;'is oidy about 47 miles from
the "heel" of the Itullan "boot."
'Wild and rugged, with some of its
mountains more than a mile high,
Albania oilers only a difficult and
precarious living to its million citizens,
most of them farmers and,
stock-raisers. Many of tho rivers
are raging torrents in winter, dry
beds in summer.
Safi U, Like Casablanca,
Another Important Harbor
Safl, southernmost beach head established
by American troops in the
North African campaign, ranks next
to Casablanca among Moroccan Atlantic
coast ports. It is the capital
of the Abda-Ahmar district and the
port for Marrakech, a city of 190,000
about 85 miles inland.
Of its 25,000 inhabitants, less than
2,b00 are Europeans. Nearly all the
remainder are Moslems.
A railroad links the city with Marrakech
and Casablanca, and the latter,
135 miles north, may also be
reached by modern motor coaches.
A military areodrome is situated
about five miles southwest of the
town.
Safl has a 75-acre jetty-enclosed
harbor with a depth of from 20 to
40 feet. Waterfront improvements
include connection of the quays with
the railway, fueling facilities, and
cargo handling devices. Apparatus
is available for loading phosphate
at the rate of 1,000 tons an hour
from a huge storage dump.
Tunisia's Garden of Eden
Three oases at Gabes, Tunisia's
"Southern resort," pour forth an
abundance of water. These waters
create a veritable Garden of Eden
in the desert, an area covered with
200,000 palm trees, vineyards, olive
and citrus groves and fertile gardens
around the town. The drainage
from the oases flows into Gabes
bay, the deepest indentation on the
Tunisian coast. Menzel and Djara
are suburban villages of Gabes.
Dates are the principal export of
Gabes. Even the light-draft harbor
boats have difficulty in the shallow
channel leading to the town's wharf,
and cargoes and passengers must be
lightered to and from larger vessels
anchored a mile off shore in the gulf.
Normally Gabes is a popular tourist
town, for its own lush beauties of
nature in the desert; and as a base
for visits to Tripoli, to the troglodyte,
underground cliff villages at
Matmata and Medenine, and to Djerba,
largest island of the Barbary
coast.
Largest City in Algeria
Algiers: The largest city in Algeria,
with 252,000 people, this is one
of the leading French African naval
bases on the Mediterranean as well
as an important port for trade between
Algeria and France. About
halfway between the Algerian frontiers
of Morocco and Tunisia, Algiers
is less than 400 airline miles
across the Mediterranean from
France. With a moderate climate,
the city is a curious mixture of
modern French city life and unchanging
Arab customs, such as the
veiling of women. The European
part of Algiers has theaters, big
hotels, open-air cafes, and up-todate
shops along broad paved avenues,
where automobiles and street
cars run. The ' naval base is not
far from the commercial harbor.
Meat Be Cooked tor Canning
Mrs. Cornelia C. Morris, extension
food conservationist of North Carolina
State college, says there are
several waya to pre-cook meat for
canning.- "If meat is to be cooked
before it is canned," she^ said, it
should not be more than half done.
It can be browned quickly in a
small amount of hot fat in a frying
nan; it can be roasted in the oven;
or it can be stewed or boiled. Do
not add salt to the meat until after
it is packed in the jars. Mrs. Morris
also emphasized that a pressure
cooker is essential in canning meats.
Other methods are not safe, she declared.
Rare African Coast Island
A glance at the map of the Mediterranean
shows that while there
are many islands along the Europe
n chnrp. there are comparatively
few off the African coast Pantel-.
Tertt is one ome rari African coast
islands. The Pantellerian strait has
4h* shallowest water of the Mediterranean.
Nowhere does its depth
exceed 1.200 feet There Jtffcgpag
shallow spots, strangest of which is
Graham shoal. In lttl volcanic aoHon
there piled up a temporary
island 107 feet higf^ !! disappeared
completely within four months. This
^flTaaw 00 feet under the sur
Minority Report
Says Conditions Bad
Columbia, Jau. 21, ? "Drastic
changes" i" the state penal system,
some of whoso institutions have boon
used "for political ends, private gain
. . . and for immoral purposes." wore
urged in a minority report of a house
penal probe committee entered today
with a majority report in official records
of tIk* house of representatives.
Saying that "We were . . . unable,
to agree with the majority report,"
filed lust summer, Wilbur (irant. of
Cheater, and Boyd Brown, of Fairfield,
said lit submitting the minority
report that "There is sufficient evidence
also to dainaud that there be
drastic changes in the operation, supervision
and administration of the
penal system.
"It is recommended that the governor
and legislature tit the next session
take steps to have a new plan
of supervision aud administration for
the penal system. The present bourd
has proved to be entirely inadequate
. . . By all means the new board
should be kept free of political influence.
"Every safeguard should bo taken
to prevent tho unnecessary presence
or Interference of male officials or
guards with matrons" at the women's
prison." . . . There should bo some
law to guard against any man ever
being placod again In charge of the
girls industrial school.
"Nothing could be more hideous
than for men in high places of trust
to take advantage of helpless women
and young girls as tho evidence indicates
has been the case in tho
South Carolina penal system.
"^uch Is a blot and a shame on the
character of the whole state. Those
found responsible should not be
spared ..."
"How such awful conditions In the
penal system continued without either
this (the state penal) board's knowledge
or consent must be put down
as a mystery."
Listing the members of the bourd
serving during the three-year period
covered by the investigation as former
Governor Burnet R. Maybank,
Dr. Frank Ownes, of Columbia; Col.
H. C.' Carrigan, of Summerton; Ralph
T. Wilson, of Laurens; T. Sloan Bannister,
of Anderson; Frank A.
Thompson, of Conway; and Charles
Bolneau, of Boykln, the report said:
" . . .It can be said, however, that
five members of the board, Messrs.
Owens, Carrigan, Wilson, Bannister
and Bolneau unanimously exonerated
Mr. Huey In the face of overwhelming
eveldence at a hearing your committee
had attended. We were amazed
by the action of the board In view of
the evidence presented against Mr.
Huey. Several days later Mr. Huey
resigned."
Referring to records of the committee's
investigation and hearings, the
minority report said "contained therein
is strong evidence that the following
conditions have existed 1n tho
penal system:
"A deplorable lack of either honest,
intelligent or adequate supervision
by the Btate penal board. Flagrant
dishonesty in the purchase of
prison supplies . . .
"Astonishing evidence of immorality
between officials of the female Institutions
and Inmates under their
custody, the officials named by the
witnesses being Col. John M. Glenn,
former superintendent of the penitentiary;
W. A. Huey, former superintendent
of the S. M. Ward Industrial
school for white girls; L. H. Rourk,
former captain of the guard8\ at the
penitentiary; and J. B. Cafltey, former
captain of the guards at the women's
prison.
"Widespread abuse of the governor's
practice of issuing leaves-ofabsence.
. . .
"... Prisoners being released long
ahead of their time" when "the sentences
of various prisoners" were
"altered." . . . Cases In -which prisoners
were allowed to leave the prison
. . . Some . . .spent nights in
hotels with women. .
' "Leaves-of-ab?enc? granted prisoners
on recommendation of Col. Glenn
in which there la evidence to show
the bribes were paid.
"The sale of farm products of
which no record was kept with agents
of Col. Glenn, including guards and
prisoners, splitting with him money
derived therfrom. Bartering of farm
products without any records bein^
kept . . . Hundreds of dollars worth
of livestock sales for cash with no
records showing that the meney was
paid into the prison treasury . . That
since the investigation began Colonel
Glenn has gone to persons with whom
he had "unrecorded dealings on the'
outside and has sought to have them
either alter or destroy their records.
"The foregoing statements of cor.
rupt and immoral conditions at the
penal institutions are substantiated
by evidence before your committee
which has been" checked and donblecfaecked.
?^ -r-r^~ 77
r^ir is U conclude
accurately that the penal Institutions
which are anppoaed to be for the re
habilitation of unfortunate persons,
have been Instead used for political
ends, private gain for officials and
others through bribery, and for immoral
purposes of ranking officials
of the institutions."
CITATION
State of South Carolina,
County of Kershaw.
By N. C. Arnett, Probate Judge:
Whereas, Anion R. Levy, made suit
to me to grant him Letters of Administration
of the Estate and effects
of Thomas S. Levy.
Th?se Are, Therefore, - to cite and
admonish all and singular the Kindred
and Creditors of the said
Thomas S. Levy deceased, that they
be and appear before me in the Court
of Probate, to be held at Camden, S.
C. on January 29, 1943, next, after
publication hereof, at 11 o'clock In
the forenoon, to show cause, if any
they have, why the said Administration
should not be granted.
Given under my hand this 14 day
of January Anno Domini 1943.
N. C. ARNETT,
Judge of Probate for Kershaw county
Leaves five feet long are grown by
the elephant ear plant.
FARMERS PRACTICING 6QIL.
CONSERVATION METHOD8
(By V. T. Mullen)
R. S. Kirk, fttimor in the I.ugoff
community, has received fifty tone of
basic slug and f>0 tons of lime, much
of which will ho used In establishing
a permanent pasture. He 1ms also
completed marking four acres of timber
on a selective basis. The establishment
of permanent pasture and
proper care of woodland areas are
two of the auveral practices which
Mr. Kirk is carrying out in bis conservation
program.
I,. H. I,auoy, farmer in the Boykln
RWrtOTT,1 lihs purchased Dalits grass,
white Dutch clover and lospedesa Heed
to be planted in permanent pasture.
I.line has already been applied und
Mr. 1 ainey plans to fertilise und seed . (
during February.
I, O. Funderburk has purchased
500 pounds of unhulicd serlcea lesdode/.a
seed to be planted for perennial
bay. Sericea yields well and under
favorable conditions two or three cuttings
of hay may be obtained per
year. Mr. Funderburk plans to follow
IiIh small grain with Kobe lospedtza
to be uped for buy.
TAX RETURNS for
1943 to be made by
School Districts
Returns of personal property, new
buildings, transfers of real estate, " ?
poll and road tax, are to he made
at the County Auditor's office beginning
*
January 2 through
February 28,1943
All returns must be made by School
Districts. Your failure to make return
calls for penalty as prescribed
by law. Do not wait until the last
day to make your returns.
In accordance with law, for the
[convenience of the taxpayers, I will
| be at the following places on the
dates designated, to make returns,
Personal thlB year:
Kershaw, February 3
Mt. Plsgah, February 4
Bethune, February 10
Westville February 11
Liberty Hill, February 17
Blaney, February 18
FRBD OGBURN,
County Auditor
Pre-fabrlcated wooden "suitcase"
homes for migratory workers have
been erected in ten minutes.
So abundant is water power on the
Island of Java that hydro-electric
plants supply electric lighting to the
most remote mountain villages.
Jungle Fighters
TIfBSK AUSTRALIANS, photographed Within 100 yarda of Japanese
poaitiona in New Guinea, ere ooming out of the lines for a reat. Auatralian
and U. S. troops have driven the Japs out of most of New Guinea. Their next
job may be to protect Timor or New Britain, atrategio islands northwest of
i Australia.
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The Inside Story . ..
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