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GUADARRAMA RANGE Mountains Are Natural Defenses of Madrid, Capital of Spain Repeatedly, the (iuadurrainu mountains have appeared In news dispatches concerning the civil strife in Hpuin. In and neur the pusses of Ibis range bus occurred some of the lien-eat of the fighting. ? The Sierra de Guadurruma la a natural paiaade for Madrid's defense, 60 miles nor/h of Spalu's capital, says! a bulletin from the Washington; D. C\, hea<l?jiiarters of the National CJeoKfuphlc Society. It is a mum moth granite blockade piled to a mean elevation of over 6,000 feet, with higher peaks rising in a Jugged line, liocause of the rough sllhouttee which these peaks form agnlnst the skyline, the range Is called Hierfra, or saw-toothrd.Ji --- : .' 'i'he Guudurrumus, curved like u titanic Inverted comma, form a scallop a hundred miles long in Spain's central mountain chain. They Join three other runges which march eastward J to the coast like elephunts parading trunk to tall. Now dividing two warring factions, the Guadurrumus are still playing their traditional role of an enormous picket fence. They served for years us a wall between Old and New Castile, over which Christian kings on the north exchanged whacks ^ith , Moorish cullphu on tho south. In several less fully documented struggles, history and races teetered on the ridge, uncertain whether motion would ho forward or back, as when Phoenicians and luter Romans passed by. These heighths, however, failed to daunt a little man who trudged over them on foot at the head of 60,000 devoted French soldiers. Altho he faced a blizzard on Christmas eve of 1608, while tiling thru the snowy passes, he refused to be stopped by a "Spanish molehill." When he was stopped, it was strangely enough on an open Delgiah plain called Waterloo. Lying between the two Castles, which take their name from the number of castle look-outs and fortified strongholds dotting their beleagured areas, the Sierra do (J inula rr am a has a stronghold of its own?the Pico de Penulura, S.000 feet high. These mountains indeed, cause much of the discomfort, both hot und cold, of Madrid's dinyite. They snatch the moisture from summer clouds to water the lower wooded Hanks on tho northern side and feed their icy little torrents and leave Madrid to the notorious waterless "cooking" that the dry air brings. Their snows In winter chill the north winds that pierce the capital like steel rapiers, and they nourish tho temperatures which have inspired tho Spanish saying, "cold enough to kill a strong man without blowing out a candle." In spite of their meteorological mlachlef-making, the Ouadarrainas were loved for long as the haunt of peuce. nnstrong eti^ nasteel, lOhmuc shrdl Peace of conscience cauie to kings who built monasteries there to make amends for holy houses demolished during their wars. The peace of iontemplntion was sought by many religious orders in narrow rock-strewn valleys hollowed out between muiiut ains. Phillip II chose their solitude and gloom to shelter royal tombs, and built nearby K1 Kscorlal. ithe "charred remains", or scoriae,! massive granite building which has at its h? art a shadowy octagonal crypt where dead kingH and queens are laid In their respective niches. Here in spite ot gilded bronze angels and decorations of porphyry and marble, the rulers of Spain have returned to the priiin-val granite foundation of the count ry. Three main roads thread their way aeross the Guadarramas. diving thru passes which in winter are frequently choked with snow. Refuge huts on the treacherous Heights are a form of life-insurance for blockaded travelers as well as for the hardy sportsmen who struggle up in winter for the quick thrill of skiing down again. The roads are now improved highways, over which automobiles brought summer heat suffereres to picnic in the cooler altitudes, or to spend the torrid months In the little white villas tucked here and there snugly into the hillsides. Roy M. King, a 29 year old night registered mail clerk in the Charleston post off Ice, was placed under $1,000 bond to appear In the federal eourt there to answer to the charge of stealing from the mails. He was arrested with a decoy letter containing $4 of marked money in his pocket. The HaJley Military academy at Greenwood, headed by Col. J. D. Fulp, will not open this fall, because it was Impossible to raise the money to replace the building burned some time ago. Col Fulp has accepted an advisory position with the Porter Military scad easy. He is bow head of the South Carolina Department of Public ~ Welfare, which is the basts of relief work In this state. JUSJEflJTL._ ?,JEMEg How an Export Handle* Bees. PrtptirvA by (lie National Qrogt hj?Ii!c Hoclttty, Wn?hlntfloii. D. C.?WNtJ ' Harvlca, THKKE are some 800,000 bees in the United States, producing about 100,000 tons of marketable honey Annually. And yet the bee Is not a native. There were no bees In North America when the Spanish explorers arrived. SettlerH coming in later expeditions brought them, and at tlrst the Indians called them the "white man's fly." Slnco then they have followed mun In his migration and settlement , of every part of the United States and j Canada. Until recently these insects' chief usefulness to man was their production of honey and beeswax?no mean service, since for centuries honey was virtually the only available sweet. But now, as pollinating agents, they perform a far more important duty. In the pioneer stages of American ngrlculture, bumblebees and other nutlve pollinating Insects that fed upon nectar and pollen were plentiful everywhere. But the planting of vnst areas which once were forests, prairies, and swamps with fields of grain, orchards, and gardens upset the delicate balance of nature. Widespread cultivation of single plants In huge acreages brought about un nbnormul condition of Insect popu- ; lation. Injurious species, afforded an ' enormous food supply, prospered and multiplied until now serious insect pests menace almost every Important crop. Insecticides must be used to protect farm crops, particularly fruits. Unfortunately. these materials kill not only harmful but beneficial Insects. The toll Includes honeybees and other wild bees, as well as the efficient bumblebees?all the Insects that carry pollen from uiie blossom to another. ? Plants Need Pollination. Even yet we scarcely realize the dependence of many plants upon insects to effect pollination. The cutting of wood lots and the clean cultivation of our fields have added to tip? difficulty of survival of our useful Insects, with the result that more and more dependence has to be placed upon the honeybee, the only pollinating Insect that can be propagated and controlled. Some plants bear only nude flowers, which produce pollen but no fruit, irnd female flowers In the same species occur on a separate plant. To set fruit, pollen from the male plant must be carried to the female flower. Some plant# simultaneously bear both male and female flowers, but still require cross-pollination to set fruit. ! Then there is a third class In which both sexes occur In the same blossom. . Some of these plants can set fruit with their own pollen. But in many plants pollen from another is necessary to set a full crop of fruit or seed. Although the honeybee is by no means domesticated, It Is easily controlled. Consequently, millions already are being moved from one section of the country to another and placed In orchards and on farms. Bee men In the South even offer for sale a pollination package, a wire cage filled with/bees. The grower distributes the^fequslte number throughout his orchards, opens the cages, and leaves the rest to the bees Hundreds of full colonies are rented to orchardists during the peak of the blooming 'period. The bee has also largely replaced the camel's hair brush In pollinating cucumbers under glass. Were It not for the work of the honeybee, most of our apple, pear, plum, and cherry orchards would bear poor crops, the growing of certain forage crops would be unprofitable, and the variety and quantity of our vegetable? would be materially reduced. Found In Nearly All Countries. Honey and beeswax are produced over a wider geographical range than any other agricultural crop. There Is scarcely a country in which honeybees are n$t kept. They Inhabit the Tropic and Temperute zones, they are found In the deserts, on the mountains. In the plRlns, and in swamps, und as far north as Alaska. Scattered over the world are several distinct races, such as the Italian, Carnlolan, Caucasian, and Cyprian. All races, everywhere, react In almost the same manner. A skillful beekeeper can succeed In Australia as well as in Ohio, provided he keeps an eye to the weather and studies the local flora. If honeybees are properly handled, tnere Is no more danger In caring for them than in raising chickens. However, the belief that bee* learn to know their matter and will net attog htm la without foundation. During the active Mhiei the average life of a bee la tlx weeks. The ftvet . .. tgaEL ?? two weeks ur'e Jived almost exclusively within the hive, but thereafter the beea pass most of the daylight hours in the fields when the weather la good, In aearch of pollen and nectar. Since the beekeeper rarely opens the hive more than once a week, there Is little opportunity for the bees to become acquainted with their owner. Some persons are so constituted that one sting may prove highly dangerous to them and require Immediate medical attention, but these cases are rare. During the active season, a normal colony contains one queen, a fully & veloped female; thousands of unreproductlve worker bees, which ure females only partly developed; and several hundred drones, or male bees. The queen Is endowed with great powers of reproduction, since she can even produce male progeny without mating, but she cannot produce female bees, workers or queens, Without going through the mnrrlage ceremony. Thus, the maligned drone Is Indispensable to the completion of the Immortal cycle of the lion ybee. Queen's Wedding Flight. Upon the wedding flight of the queen depends the subsequent development of the colony. On a bright spring day the vlrgit) queen emerges from the hive and soars u>vay to seek a mnte from among the hundreds of drones cruising about in the warm sunshine. Blissfully, perhaps, the drone is seeking an encounter that will cost him his life, but insure the perpetuation of his race. A moment after mating the drone dies and the newly mated queen at becomes n widow. But this one bating enables the queen for the rest of her life* three or four years, to perform her maternal duties. A few days after returning to the .hive, she begins egg laying, slowly at first; but at the height of her career she may lay as many as l?r?00 eggs a day and maintain this rate for days at a time. She lays two kinds of eggs. One kind Is unfertilized and hatches Into a drone, or male bee. Mating has no Influence upon this part of her family. Her sons are not the sons of her mate or husband, and are consequently fatherless. but they can claim a grandfather. The other type of egg is fertilized by the queen with a male cell, of which she retains an almost unlimited number In a special organ of her body. The fertilized egg hatches into a female bee, usually a worker. Thus both workers, or neuter bees, and queens come from the same kind of egg. Yet the two show marked differences. The queen has the function of reproduction; the worker bee has not. The queen bee possesses teeth on her mandibles, or Jaws; the worker bee has smooth Jaws. The worker bee has pollen baskets; the queen lacks them. The worker bee has a straight, barbed, unretractable sting; the queen has a curved, smooth sting. The worker bee loses Its life after stinging, but the queen does not. A worker bee takes 21 days to develop from the egg to the adult, while a queen, who Is much larger, requires only ir> or 16 days. The colony itself has the power of determining whether a fertilized egg shall develop Into a queen or a worker bee. Raising a New Queen. During Its normal existence, only one queen is necessary to maintain the population of a colony. Unlike the worker bee. who lives but six weeks, the queen may live two, three, or more years, but eventually she also becomes old and decrepit. Then a new queen must be raised to carry on the life of the colony. The rnlsing of a new queen Is entrusted to the worker boos. An egg or a newly batched larva less than three days old Is selected. The cell In which' the larva la deposited ig broken down and enlarged and the heiress apparent Is given special care and attention from this time on. For the first three days worker and drone larvae are fed royal Jelly, a milky white secretion from the glands In the heads of worker bees. After the third day a coarser food, such as nectar and pollen, is given them. The queen larvae, however, are fed royal Jelly exclusively throughout the larval stage, which lasts five and a half days. The difference In diet during the two and a half days, therefore, determines whether the larva will develop into a *** th?t cannot reproduce but posmsms all other maternal Inatlncta. or on* that hat the function of reproduction but lacks all maternal Instincts, for the qneen becomes virtually aa egg-laying machine. REWARD 28 YEARS LATE ~ l Scissor* Qrinder Just Cashes Rscognl ' tlon for Heroism. ? I An Investment In courage made 28 g years ago In saving u young woman (j from a runaway has been cashed by ( John W. Freeman, Itinerant scissor* grinder in Laredo, Texas. He bus Just claimed a $1,000 award ( made at the time of the rescue by the ^ Carnegie Hero Fund Commission and { has bought a small plot of ground and built a modest home in Laredo. The award wa^ made aTter Free- (J man, at Fort Smith, Ark., grabbed the y runaway horse before it could do much injury to Miss Johnnie Porter17-year-old daughter of a prominent ^ businessman, who was being dragged behind her overturned carriage. Free- ' man himself was stunned. On the report of Fort Smith reeldents, the Carnegie commission awarded him a hero medal and $1,000, b but Freeman said: "Gentlemen, I want you to keep that money uud give it to me when I get older and need it." Freeman was a young traveling j salesman then. rj In 1928 he turned up in Laredo, making his living by grinding scissors and knives. At the age of 67 he ap- ^ plied for his money and bought hiB t ground and residence. "I am happy now in my own home" he says. "My ship came in Just when it was needed. Now I am going to raise chickens and make a better liv? ing." h Caught on the second floor of a C building at Mldvllle, Ga., the stairway b in flames, Charles M. Murphree slid t down the stair banister to safety, bub- f taining minor burns. v 10,000,000 IN OEMS AND 8ILVER r SOUGHT BENEATH THE BEA Jersey City, N. J., Auk. 21.?The our-roasted schooner Constellatlou ailed Thursday to seek the treasure f the steamship Merlda, gunk after a oiltslon with the Admiral Farragut tt the Virginia Capes In 1911, Thomas P .Couuelley, president of he company financing the expedition, aid the Merlda contained eighteen ims of sliver (available records list he Merlda's cargo as gold, and a colaction of Jewel* of Maxlmllliau Ferinaud Joseph of Mexico, with a total alue of $10,000,000. Connelly gave the scene of the proposed operations as fifty-four miles outhwest of Cape Henry, off Virginia. Aboard the Constellation were Capaln Losche and his wife, the only wolan aboard, and a crew of twenty-tWD ^eluding four divers. Connelly said the expedition would e gone about eight weeks. Coley Spencer was held for the iiurder of his father, by the coroner's ury at Gaffney, after the father died hree days after being hit with a rock, "he father and two of his sons had a Ispute in the road and all had rocks n their hands an eye witness said. )ne son was thrown into the ditch by he father, and Coley Spencer threw wo rocks, the first missing, and the econd hitting the father in the face nd breaking his jaw. He died from esulting pneumonia, the Inquest said. Mrs. I,avinla Harmon Stokes, who ad a large funeral on Sunday at Charleston, was the wife of Rev. Peer Stokes, presiding elder of that dlsrict of the Methodist church. The uneral was at the home and burial /as at Sumter. AMERICANA I A family in North Dakota that had I Watched its corn and garden patch I (planted in a low-lying area) esiaps I ths drought seeing it destroyed by a I recent severe hail storm and nonch*. I lantly going out and picking U1, I enough of the hail stones to frcsxa I two gallons of ice cream and enjoy- I ing the "treat." The President of the United States I growing an old style "mutton chop" I beard. ^ I A New York family trying to ft,re. I stall being evicted from their homy 1 by bombardlug the marshal with hour I bombs. A farmer on land' adjoining a i,u- I dlst colony hide-away holding a Sun I day clambake so the spectators could I see the nudists only to have the l&t- 1 ter turn out in shirts and shorts. I ? A member of the Washington Are I department being charged with arson, I Five thousand autoa being blessed I In the annual observance of St. Chris- I topher's Day at Baldwin, Long island. I The United States government do- I porting a pet goat brought from I abroad by a feminine writer and radio 1 commentator. I The so-called "Black Legion" irur- I dering a man "tor fun."?Pathfinder, I To Pave Important Road I It is a piece of good news to peo- I pie here an' wall as all others who I travel the highway to know.that the fl aix-mlle link from the intersection of I the BlshopvUle-Hartsville pavement, is I to be paved. It la the direct way to I Florence and the connecting link from I county site to county Bite?Bishop I v 111 e-Darlington-Florence, etc. It I should have been paved at first but I one influence or another took the pay- I lng around by Hartsville which Is all I right now.?Blshoville Messenger. I SINCE the startling announcement of this new tire sensation, Firestone Factories have been busy day and night in an effort to satisfy the big demand. When you buy the new Firestone Standard* you save five ways?better raw materials* buying at source of supply* more efficient manufacturing, volume production and more economical distribution. Savings are passed on to you in the greatest tire value known. Never before have you seen so much tire for the money and every tire carries the Firestone name and guarantee, which is your assurance of greater non-skid efficiency, greater blowout protection and longer mileage* Don't delay. Get your new set of Firestone Standard Tires now?a fresh supply just received. [$C95l Hmmi 4.5O-20 $7*4S 4.50-21 7-75 4.75-19 S.20 5.00-191 S*SO fw TmtmOiwt 6.50-20 21.9S 7.00-20 29* 16 0(k? Htm friMd fnp.iti.MN>) IN (*5ar 4.50-21 |**.OS H 4.75-19 I *40 J K >o? TWMi Mn wm""" HDj 64XV20 H. D. | 30x5 H? D... | 1*J*9 I Designed and built of good materials by skilled workmen In volume pro* ducdon making possible low prkce. Tlwitoiul 1911)11 N 4^0-21 tJ5-? .. ...I fJfM 3Q?3hcl::;,i 4^r Designed and Iraflt Cor owner* of email car* who want new life < safety at a low price. It Carrie* the Firestone name and to Pti^w^/cgrwrhtf Margore<Sf>?afc*,Soprano,withthe FirfKoxP>of?t Symphony, and William Daly's Orchestra?every Momfay nifKt <n?r N. B.C.Nationsvide Network .??r? 1 The following Firestone Dealers are prepared to ferve you: p?t n?n? Ci-?! *-i "a - uij rnoq OHD0I Itl. /V C. E. Dam Fdhf Station?Tel. 99-J Rd Stir Smite Stilta Td. "> Mum SuttTs Senice SMa>