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The Plight Of The Tenant Farmer I-ake Jnnaluska, July 29,~Bringing to the council of a Christian Bocle Order, In session here, results ol atudy and flrst-har/d observations Congressman Joe Ktarnes, of Ala bama, and Dr. Arthur Hapor, discuss ed farin tenancy in the South fron; the platform of Stuart auditorium ai H o'clock Wednesday evening. Bishop i'aul B, Kern, of Greens Uoro, wni deliver the concluding plat form message at 8 o'clock Thursday and the Council will clone Its session Friday following open forum discus ? slow on what the church can and ought to do toward social remaking. The Junalusku assembly Is rejoicing In. another record-breaking crowd. Outstanding leaders from the North kS lyelJ Htf the South are here to attend the CpjlllSlS on social action, while approximately 2.00 experts In religious education are registered at the Western North Carolina school of Christian education. That farm tenancy has penalized the Southern regions through low Incomes and jtheir Inevitably resulting low standards of living, was the oplnion expressed by Dr. Kaper, outstanding sociologist, who based his conclusions upon a recent exhaustive study of two plantation countlea tn (Jeorgta, where he spent four or five years In research. Hpeaking on the "Plight of the Tenant Farmer." Dr. Kaper pointed to a constructive land policy as the hope for the future. "Here he said, "is an enormous undertaking, but it can succeed where the plantation system has failed if it enables the poorest farmers build up the soil, to own livestock, to raise vegetables and fruits for their own tables, to cooperate with their fellows in making their purchases and in producing and marketing crops. In short. If It enables the landless farmers to attain ownership and self-direction on an adequate plane. Comfortable homes, more doctors, better schools and wholesome human relations can be maintained only through such basic economic advances. These are not simple matters, and their accomplish inent will require the Investment of large sums of public money and an administration personnel with scientific training and a bold faith in the common man." The average pnnual family Income of the typical tenant farmer, during the last three years, according to Dr. Kaper, has fallen below $225. "It is distressing," continued Dr. Kaper, "that farm tenancy has Increased rapidly during the last half century, until at present In the southern states nearly half of the white and more than four-fifths of the negro farmers are in this class. Further complication of the situation is the fact that share cropping, lowest type of farm tenancy, is becoming more and prevalent. It is also significant that there has been a marked in^cas?. of white tenants, the actual increase from 192030 being more than 200,000 families, with approximately five persons to the family. This means there were one million more Southern white people at the end of the decade than at the beginning. "It has been shown that the big plantations in the counties where I have recently conducted research study, include the most fertile soli, while the poorer soil is the home of the small resident owner-operator. The fact that the rural dwellers on the poorest land have withstood the depression much better than those on the most fertile land forcibly suggests thnt the plantation economy. With its few privileged owners and many dependent workers, is Ill-suited to the highest development of a region s physical and human resources When rich land does not support its workers as well as poor land, the system employed on the rich land Is In need of modification. "To improve the living conditions of the rural people in these plantation sections Involves not only an adaption of Institutional programs hut an economic reorganization which will increase family incomes and foster the independence and self direction of all the people. The present relations of man to land, of landlord to tenant, of white man to hlack man largely accounts for the crude agricultural practices. the resulting low planes of living, and the restricted outlook of the plantation dwellers, particularly tho landless." Reports from Port Said, Egypt, pn Wednesday, said that Has fmru, Ethiopian commander In the northwest, was reported advancing on the cities of Dessye and Addis Ababa, with an army of 40,000. A number of Italian outposts are said to have been destroyed by the advancing army. Governor Chandler of Kentucky, frankly told a delegation of protesting women, who alleged political favoritism in . social service appointments, "It's unfortunate that wo ore in poll-Ilea, hot it takes votes of people to -?siWJm those jobs." wmm * ...-j? A ... > . * America Great Factor For Peace ; Fort Bragg, N. C., August 6.?AmerI ka an the area tent factor for peace in f the world wan predicted by General , Menu* McCloskey. commanding offl car of Fort Bragg anrl the C. M. T. C. - camp, in welcoming approximately i seven hundred youtha from the two t Carolina** to C. M. T. C. camp this morning at the War Department The ater. The greatness of the Putted States , in the cause of world peace, according i to General McCloskey, arlaea through her practice of the Golden llule fairness, squareness and the application of Christian principles of honor and honeaty In dealing with Other nations. However,Mm speaker warned his listeners that the reaper t in which any country la held by other natlona la measured by her Army and Navy) the patriotism of her own aubjecta, and her national wealth. "You young men are n<^fed by the nation far more than j6u realize," General McCloakey auid. "You are the future cltlzena and leaderB of the country. The ideala whieh you gain aa young men, the germ of leadership and patrlotlam which la Inculcated In jfou now, the knowledge which you train from your elders; all these things serve to carry the nation on to better and greater things. It haa truly been t*aid tliat 'Knowledge Is power,' for the knowledge of youth of any country la a measure of the greatness of that country when those youtha reach maturity. You represent thoae thing** that will aeud the country on to her destiny." "There , are people," General McCloakey continued, "who say that a nation doea not need an army or a navy and that participation in a world council can aettle all international differences through the mediation of arbitration." I he fallacies of such a belief were pointed out In the form of broken treaties, particularly in the case of naval limitation pacts and agreements of the League of Nations. Violation of the neutrality of Belgium by the Central Powers at the beginning of the World War was cited. More recent were the examples of the Gran Chaco dispute. .Japanese agression in China, and the Italian punitive expedition in Abyssinia. The speaker deplored war for its horrors, declaring that no military man with any knowledge of past wars could do other than stand for peace at all times. General McCloskey declared that this country should sot the example for the world as a leader in peace but should clearly Indicate that no Infringement upon our rights as a free people would be tolerated. He asked that his hearers do all In their ability to keep the Cnlted States truly a free and independent nation . General McCloskey was introduced by Major R. A. Gordon, the camp commander, who pointed out that the ( omm&nding General had a record of service to his country in both war and peace time that could well be envied by anyone. The oath of enrollment was administered to the candidates by Lt. Mercer Walter, camp adjutant. The oath is as follows: "l do solemnly swear that 1 will bear true faith and allegiance to the United States of America and while at this camp I will obey those in authority and observe all the rules and regulations of the camp to the best of my ability. So help me God." The march to the theatre was the first formation of the 1936 C M. T. C. Regiment as a military unit. Favorable comment was made by officers on the appearance of the candidates. I pon completion of the ceremony the Regiment went into full swing of the training schedule. Warning To Farmers Washington. July 31,.?Warning to cotton producers against buying "novelty" seed stocks in an effort to grow bigger and better" crops came today from the department of agricult tire. t B. Doyle of the bureau of plant industry said producers often were talked into buying "novelty" seed by a "sauce" salesman in the highly com petltive cotton seed business who is boosting some particular "variety" onl> to find in the fall they have bought a "gold brick." Killed By Lightning Mt. Airy, N. C., Aug. 7.?Three men were killed by lightning In a sudden thunderstorm near here yesterday. They had finished unloading a tmck at a saw mill and were caught In the storm before they could drive away. The victims were Robert Welch, 30, of Plnehall, and two negroes, Paul Russell, 40, of 8umter, 8. C., and Henry Davis, 23, of Plnehall. Six other persona a few feet away , were unhurt. Smoke in the atmosphere coat Lonr don $400,000,000 A lota of light and bad effect on health la the last year. * A, ' ' " Spain's Civil War Gets Bloodier Ah more and more of Spain's streets ran red with blood, conditions within the country approached a state of anarchy and complication!) with fof<'lgn powers threatened to iuvqive the republic in a European as well as a I civil war. Madrid was the focal point on which the southern and northern forces concentrated, The latter under the command1 of Gen. Kmllo Mola took over flan Sebastian, site of the American Hummer Embassy, for military headquarters. Capture of the city was effected by heavy street fighting and machine gun fusllades from rebel planes. Zaragoza, Hareelona, Valladolid and scvei*! other towns In this sector were taken over by the General and his troops. In the south the rebels were in possession of SovlUe, Valencia, Cordoba and other cities Following the abortive 'attempt to seize Madrid the city settled down to almost normal routine while the two rebel forces prepared their march on the capital. The northern line was turned back in the Guardarrama mountains where in several passes a number of bloody frays took place. Meanwhile in other quarters government forces were not idle. Seville was stormed, but stubbornly holding on; Barcelona was seized and the whole province of Catalonia pledged to loyalty to the Madrid regime; Toledo was bombed and surrendered; San Sebastian recaptured; aeige was laid to Zaragoza by government troops and reinforcements to aid in this work were rushed from Barcelona. In other places loyal forces were pushing the rebels relentlessly. On the sea government warships and rebel planes staged a battle during "a bombardment of Cadiz which threatened to precipitate a serious situation when anti-craft shrapnel burst over Glbralter and endangered British residents and property. In Morocco, birthplace of the revolt, rebels were still In possession, though loyal warships kept up^Veady shelling of Melilla and Ceuta'. The city of Raima, Mallorca, Balearic Islands, was also the scene of a sustained bombardment. And so the battle went on from one end of Spain to another. Hanged on one side were the rebels made up mostly of the army and navy together with a few civilian conservatives and on the other the Civil Guards and the Leftist militia? unskilled in military tactics but supp'ied with a quantity of arms. It was a battle of the trained against the untralned, but with the advantage decidedly on the side of the latter. It was a battle of the Monarchist-tinged Fascists and the hard-bitten Leftists. And since Spain has no middle class, which means the officer complement of the army is composed solely of the upper class, it was also a battle between the aristocrats and the peasants?Just as it was in France in the Revolution ? Although there was considerable feeling and distrust among the two factions since the inception of the present I^eft government In February last, it never came out In the open until the recent outbreak. Madrid was. however, sufficiently anxious about the situation to transfer the officers to outlying posts. And ' an unwise move it was, too, for there far from the watching eye of the government. the plot to ove'ytfiVow the constituted authority wW allowed to hatch and prosper. Now with thousands dead and wounded arid widespread property damage it is too late to lap up the spilt milk It further remains to be seen whether the government is too iate to save Its own head. Coincidental^-, with the progress of the civil war went anxiety in Washington over the fate ot the Several hundred Americans there. Ambassador ( laude G. Bowers who was unable t<> get in touch either with the 1'ntted States or the Embassy in Madrid from his summer residence at San Sebastian for several days finally made his way to St. Jean de Luz. France, where he cabled word of his snfety' As the rebels pressed once again on San Sebastian the Ambassador ordered the removal of the Americans there and the Summer Embassy to near-by Fuentarrabia. Meanwhile with conditions growing hourly worse the State HcpaftWni ordered two warships. the Oklahoma find the new,y commissioned Quincy/to Spanish waters to aid in the evacuation of the beleaguered Americans. -Hie former j p to*ether with the cSast Guard cutter Cayuga proceeded to northern Spain while-the Quincy sailed for the south. By far the greater number of Americans were caught in Madrid. ' Ambassador Bowers himself made use of the Cayuga by turning it into a floating Embassy which could crulbe up and down the north Spanish coaat *t will and at the same time maintain communication with America and the consular posts under his Jurisdiction in the interior. No American casualtie# were reported. The number of Spanish casualties on the other hand was a different story. Unquestionably it runs high up |? the thousand#. - -? In** > nationally lh*- civil war took on several aspects. Tbe first waa tbe battle staged at the foot of tbe rock of Oibralter when Insurgent plane* flew over from Hpsnisb Morocco and began bombing two government warships. Tbe latter replied* with antiaircraft artillery and two of the shells landed on British territory. The British at once warned rebel and loyal forces any more attacks on Gibraltar would brin^ about retadliation in the form of gunfire. Other nations at thin time were becoming anxious over their naUonalH and ***?t warship*. Britain's were there first, then followed French, American, Italian and Ge& roan ships. The presence of all these foreign vessels within a comparatively small space makes for a dangerous situation. Further, tbe Issue Is complicated by tbe differing wishes of tbe home governments. Italy and Germany, naturally, are rooting for the Fascist rebels. France wants to avoid the establishment of a Soviet regime on that peninsula and Britain has no choice in the matter so long as she is permitted free access to the Mediterranean.?The Pathfinder. Talkies Ten Years Old Hollywood ?Hollywood celebrated Friday as the 10th anniversary of th.e "birth" of talkies, but to technicians | and historians it was just another date in the iong story of the merger of sight and sound, it was 10 yea re ago that a New York theatre audience heard Will Hayes say a few words in a picture. I Now is the time I I to buy a farm^ I I | H II I HAVE SOME FOR SALE AT- A BARGAIN, AND SMALL' RATE OF INTEREST. A GOOD WAY TO I INVEST YOUR BONUS. I I See me at Hotel Camden any Tuesday I H. G. BATES, Sr. I Overseas Railway Soon To Be Junked M.4 .. Jacksonville. Fla., Aug. 10.?The way was cleared today for abandonthe prld^ of Florida, which linked Key ment of the overseas railway, once West with the mainland until smashed by the 1935 Labor Day hurricane. The United States district judge, Louie W. Strum, announced he immediately would sign an order granting a plea of receivers of the Florida East Coast railway for permission to accept a cash offer for the right of way. The order will permit the receivers to accept a cash offer of $640,000 from the overseas and toil bridge district,Monroe county, the state highway department and t^e city of Key West. The purchasers plan to use the right of way for construction of an overseas highway for vehicular traffic. Federal aid will be used to provide the new link, between the mainland and Key West, the nations southernmost poist. In agreeing to sign the order, Judge Strum indicated the purchasers would be required to pax 1935-1986 taxes on the right of way. . Petition for the power to dispose of the railway right of way was tiled after surveys by engineers had revealed It had been "damaged irreparably" by the hurricane of last Labor day. FIRST GRADE QUALITY?The new Firestone Standard Tire is built of first grade materials by skilled workmen, in the world's most efficient factories* GUM-DIPPED CORD BODY ? Every cotton fibre in every cord in every ply is soaked in liquid rubber, preventing internal friction and heat, which provides greater strength and blowout protection. TWO EXTRA LAYERS OF GUM-DIPPED CORDS UNDER THE TREAD ? This patented Firestone feature cushions road shocks, protects against punctures and givea longee life. ? LONGER NON-SKID MILEAGE ? The non-skid tread is wider, flatter, % with more and tougher rubber on the road, giving longer wear and thousands of extra miles* LOW PRICES ? 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