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road roller used by mayas is found ? ^ Five-Ton Cylinder Employed in Surfacing Work. Wnshlngton.?Hecent discovery In (ho Junglo covered region of northeastern Yucatan, 40 utiles out of Cuba, of a Segment of aolld stone 13 feel j long, 2U.f*et 1,1 diameter and weigh J lag about 3 tons, nicely fashioned In j to cylindrical form, draws attention once again to the fact thut the an ! clent occupants of an area long unln habited were skilled In the building of rained roads of paved stone. It seeing probable, that this ^reat stoue cylinder was designed to ' be used in packing down -into solid mass successive courses of material, particularly surfacing material, as these were addod In the process of road constructlon. presumably gangs of laborers ou the road, possibly slaves working under threat of the lash, possibly captives taken In comhut, pushed such cylinders about as the work proceeded and in so doing anticipated by cuany centuries the advent of the steam or gasoline-driven metal roller, so essential to the roadiuaklng of today. / Network of Roads. Coba, a Maya city of consequence during pre-Columbian days, as shown ! by abundant areheologlcal evidence, but now long abandoned, lies About 05 miles eust of soutlf of Chlchen lt$a, the headquarters of the archeologlcal 1 field staff of Carnegie institution of Washington. Study of Coba and the region thereabouts has revealed the fact that it is at the center of a network of raised, constructed roads which run off norths 1 .east, south and west and connect various groups of ruins Ibcated about the , chain of small, fresh-Wflffer lakes that Is such a distinguishing feature of the district.' One great road which takes to the westward from Coba had been thought to end at the ruins of Yaxuna, about 12 miles southwest of Chlnchen Itza, but no one had ever traced Its course from end to end. % For many years, Dr. Sylvanus G, Morloy, In charge of the Carnegie In-., stitutlon field staff, has hoped for opportunity to determine the facts about this the greatest of all the causeways running out of Coba. / Finally, this year seemed propitious and he set about organizing an expedition. I To head the expedition; he chose ! Alfonso Villa,-' a young schoolmaster \ of the Yucatecau race. It was while cutting his way | through the thick bush, 22 miles out of Qaxuna, that Villa came upon the stone-roller.1 I Road Walls Built. In construction of tljelr roads, the ancient engineers,, began by digging down to hardpan, which is near the j Surface, and erecting retaining walls on each side to the height to which they desired to bflhg the road.' . Tfcese walls . 'were built of large, roughly fac$t! limestone set lb mortar. Into the space between the walls a layer of heavy Moulders, some 6f thefti ! two or three feet In length and weigh* .* lng many hundreds of pounds, were carefully laid and the spaces between chinked with smaller stones, fitted and hammered Into position. Other courses followed, each of snocMsively smaller bonlders and stones; quite as carefully placed, until the road had been brought to requisite height, whereupon a layer of rock broken Into much" finer pieces was added. After this was hammered or rolled Into a hard, level surface, a final coating of mortar cement was applied. This cement was made of Ume mixed with finely sifted white earth, called tsscab, which, originally, trader the tropical sun, must have given the roads a dazzling appearance, quite as dazzling, perhaps, as the great "white ~ ways" of our own cities. - Pharmacologist Finds Drug That Will Reduce I a I'nlo Alto, Calif.?A drug which will make persons thin without the neces Ity of exercise has been found by research pharmacologists In the Stanford medical laboratories here. It operates by producing a high j - fever in the patient, thereby consum- j inp energy and tissue beyond the nor^mnl rate.A preliminary report on this new j ^ drug has been published In the Journal of the American Medical Assocla; tif,n by Dr. 'w. O. Cutting and M. L. Thayer. Small doses administered dally have reduced the weight of fat persons two pounds a week over a period of sev4 rral months without diet changes or Iunnormnl exercise. Canadians Are Strong for Yankee "Hot Dog?" -Montreal.?Canada's Importa of "hot l?K" skins are not to be "barked" at. Recording to the dominion bureau of tstlstlcs, the dominion Imported fOd,? worth of "welner,*? wrapiSers from be United States dtfMng June of this eftt, an Increase of-$54,868 over Juije. ? During the twelve months enftK June the total was $421,000, cornered with $375,000 In the prevloos welve months. - ' - - - Arlidu Hu Big Rose Bttah Tombstone, Ariz.?The world's larg*t rose bush (a growing Hn the patio f hotel here, residents claim. It ta ,pgs enough that tables for thlrty-flfk s may be praced Under It % L;Ay-Sifa'jr#c& ' {' -- ... . ... > Jcjp^n Is Ljourvg | ? Baseball Is Popular In 4apan. Prepared by National Oeographlo Society. Washington, P. p.-r-WNU SorvW WHEN occidental man first thinks about the Ear East* China and Japan are envls"* aged as being much alike? .Indeed, almost as twins. But time enables him to discriminate. Historically, China is old and ethical. The burden of all her literature is.^What ought Mo do?" Japan Is young aud esthetic. The burden of her thought, as recorded for a thousand years, Is, "What Is beautiful?" Geologically, China Is pre-anclent; Japan is recent. Long after Mother Earth had settled down to rear her earlier brood of lands, Japan, the ^youngster, arrived. Only about threescore years ago Japifa shocked* her elders In Asia by departing politically and socially from the ancient ways and turning toward those of "the western barbarians." In nature, also, Japan, has changed' within our remembrance; Bandal sab, \ne of the eruptions on her pretty iac^fnisbehaved. For hundreds of yeatte, so far as known In human records, perhaps during the; millenniums of unrecorded time, it had been entirely dormant As suddenly as the discharge of a cannon, It blew off Its rocky cap in 1888 and killed more than 400 human beings. Curiously enough, In Japanese the-same sound, san, serves to the ear foe either "mister" or for "mountain." - The one-time medieval village, Yedo, and the swift-growing national capital, Tokyo, which It became, was leveled in 1855 and again In 1923 by destructive earth adjustments. Of old, the rest of the world knew not of these earthquakes. In the era of electric wires, even a tremor Is news. Like some vast factory town In which the blazing furnaces take a Sabbath rest, to begin again on Monday, Japan has some 200 dormant volcanoes. How pretty, flower-covered ! and of graceful figure, they seem! | Yet these mountain forms are liable at any moment to become unruly, and when In* these fits of deadly temper they often devastate vast areas of human habitation and alter many square miles of landscape, as we saw lp 1923. At least 50 of these sleeping, farlyllke cones have the promise and potency of continued activity. Lovely as their outltnes often are, their breath may be sulphurous to the point of danger. Even graceful Fuji, seemingly as demure as a virgin In her teens, cannot be trusted. Lfea on atitd of Garments of green forests, of^grand trees, the veils of bamboo thickets, a tapestry o^Howers, or even a mantle of winter snow provide no Insurance against direful outburst. But, If Japan ~ acts often like a fury, we must excuse her, because the bed on which she lies is one of fire. Go down .to Beppu, in Kyushu, for example, where the dally rice is cooked by subterranean heaO, where people resort to bake out or broil out their various aliments. In the hot seashore sand, thousands of men and women for hours, even days, lie covered with the pulverized volcanic debris. By wet baking or parboiling, even to scarification, the patients seek to expel their many Ills. - Beppu is a delightful place for a patient with rheumatic or other miseries. While there Is a fair chance of being swallowed up and changed to a cinder by some fresh outburst of melted rock, such as only a century or two ago filled the valleys with scoria and lava, who cares, when no one can foretell the hour? Does not the uian of* Beppu know that other parts of fair Japan may be visited long before his turn comes? Did not Sakurajlraa at Kagoshlma, of old supposed to be solid rock, erupt and btiry if Whole lowfi~of 10,000 people? Moreover, how welcftme the sequel to these earth's outbursts?fertile soli 'covered with a carpet of lovely flowers and plants and easily coaxed into luxuriant production of food for man! "Shlgatir ga nni" (Don't care) . Is the usual verdict on the urtknown. with the merry-hearted sons and daughters hmv fnlr are the latter!--of Nippon.* One who had Renown Hie sons of the I.aod of the Gods for more than half a century classifies the two kinds of men into "Don't cares'' and those who. after every repuls* of nature, ccy "l<et us rebuild.;" Then, Caleb-like, these hearten others by declaring, ."We are well aide to do it." Like nature's dress, which later clothes in threefold loveliness, with color, beauty, and perfume, what waa ? v -1 - once fiery scoria, the maidens know how to add to their physical charms though the witchery of raiment In his Ideas of beauty, and especially of dress patterns nnd whatever is implied to bodily wear, the Japanese 'artistdesigner excels. For variety and originality he possibly leads the world. Men and women in their garb lovingly copy nature's luqpds. When a maiden adds to her fiiuUkw>slyv'gruceful costume n "Fujiyama neck and shoulders," .with a superb coiffure, who can do less than admire? Was It lackadaisical In the native poet to write of her: "One glance, aad you would give your province; another, and you would barter your kingdom?" Love Their Land's Beauty. Yet, as of glamor for their women, as expressed In strains of admiration, so also and moire have their poets written of the beautiful scenery and the special features of their native land. They reckon even clouds, mist, sunrise glow, and sunset glory nq part of their country's life and adornment. Yet It is not they, but we, who say "her" of nature, for personilicatlon Is rare In Japanese literature, art, or language. Of a thousand figures of speech ip poetry, many of which rof fer to the moon, scarce a dozen bear any resemblance to the description of that luminary as "a fair maiden with white fire laden." .. Nevertheless, apart from literature, In Japan all nature Is alive with personality. The mountains, especially In the beauty spots, are inhabited by gods and goddesses. ' To the average native, these personalities In the realm of imagination seem as real as the virgin priestesses at the Shinto shrines. Every year, at the Invitation, and under the direction of the Imperial court, thousands of the short, 31-syllable poems are sent, for oblivion or glory, by the people, from beggar boy to noble, to the court's staff of literary appraisers and censors. After duo scrutiny and appraisement, rewards are meted out, not to rhymesters, for there are none, but to the poets. But let us come down to facts and figures of area and population and of facilities^ movement by land and sea. - ' %<> Travel today in the'Japanese empire Is one of luxury and detailed convenience as compared with What existed 60 years ago. Japan proper Is now threaded with 15,413 miles of railways and trolleys, rlverp are crossed by countless bridges, and the ocean paths to aH continents are traversed by ships ttiat move with an affluence and punctuality that are akin to the movements of the heavenly bodies. Intellectual preparation for change had been In progress a .century or more before the arrival of President Fillmore's peaceful armada of 1853. Japan's modern history is truly as much one of Interior discipline as of any reinforcement from the outside. On the other hand, America's intervention under Perry was really an extension and fresh application of the lionroe Doctrine., It came at an opportune time. The old mikado, or emperor, Komel, was nearing his demise, and his son and heir, Mutsuhito, was destined to rule the New Japan in the longest relgn (1807-1012) known in the nntlon's history, was soon to take the throne. During his reign the compromise between the personalities and energies representing war and peace resulted In shattering forever the Chinese claim of sovereignty over the Ityukyu (Nansei) islands and Korea and rolled back the tide of Russians and European aggression.' Honshu the Chief Island. The present-day empire consists of the four large islands of Japan proper, with nearly .4,000 smaller ones; Taiwan - (Formosa); Knrafuto, ~ the ; portion of Sakhalin below the fiftieth parallel of north latitude; and Korea. The country's Itfe centers on Main Island. Honshu, the chief theater of Its history. Here is the hulk of the population; and here are the chief cities; towns and villages are thickly clustered. Hence. In the minds of foreigners, this lafge Island, with its 86,800 square mllea of area, Is practically Japan. v To risk a further computation, one fancies that 80 per cent of all visitors to Japan "do" Honshu only. Nevertheless, Kyushu, with busy Nagnsakl on Its southw#t tip, being the historic home of the Dutch who, for nearly three centuries kept the world Informed concerning the hermit nation, Is far from unknown to the world at larg*W WHY Color-Blindness Afflicts So Many People All color* been by human being" aro mixtures of the three prlmuny colors, red. yellow and blue, uinl cob ?r blind bean la the failure to respond to one or more of these color stimuli, puluts out an educational booklot of the Hotter Vision institute. which Is lined by teachers In uiany sections of the United States In eyesight conser-vgTlbn Tnstruetlon. Color-blindness oc- j cure in three principal forms, the moat common being the Inability to distinguish between red and green. A rarer form Is that In which all colors are confused, and a still rarer form, confuses bluo with yellow,. The old test for color-blindness was a simple cue, and consisted In requiring the person being tested to match colors lu an assortment of variously colored yarns. A more modern method Involves the use of cards on which a number Is printed In green or yellow against a background of the color commonly confused with It. A colorblind person either cannot rend It at all, or reads another number which Is ingeniously outlined on the card, Testa show that approximately 8 per cent of white people aro colorblind, but .thnt only 8 per cent of negroes are so hundicupped, and less than 2 per cent of Indians. * Since the colors commonly used for danger signals are red and green, it is very Important for railroads and other organizations to ascertain If their emr ployet'S gnu distinguish between these two colors. Teh states require tests color vision before granting automobile driving licenses. Under present-day coiuplet traffic conditions, with our lives depending upon accurate mental and muscular co-ordination, keen, clear, accurate vision ahd accurate color perception are esJ sentlal to every one. ? I* ?????????? Why Wo Have It Colder in Winter Than Summer Why Is winter colder than summer? Many people erroneously think the, reason it is colder In winter than in sumtper Is that the sun is farther from the earth during the wihter. But the sun is actually farthest from the earth in summer and closest in winter. Our four seasons, spring, summer, fall and winter, are caused by the inclination of the earth's axis while the earth moves around the sun. They are produced mainly by ' the relative positions of the earth's axis in respect to the sun. The main reason for the difference In temperature between winter and summer is the angle at which the rays of the' sun strike the earth. While the sun is farther away In summer It Is more directly overhead and we get the full force of the direct rays. This coupled with the longer duration of daylight In sumiher makes It warmer. In winter, although the sun is closer to the earth. It Is lower in the sky and the rays strike the earth at a much greater slant than in summer. It Is winter In the Northern hemisphere because it is tilted away from the sun, while the Southern hemisphere Is tilted toward Old Sol and enjoying summer breezes.?Path-* I finder Magazine. [ i , Why Sun and Dial Disagree A .true, or sidereal day, Is the ei*' let period oT time It takes the earth to make one complete revolution on \ .Its akls. This period Is 24 hours, 8 minutes, 56.5054 seconds, and only clocks and chronometers regulated to sidereal time will point to noon when the sun ie exaetly over the meridian. ' ' For convenience the day has been arbitrarily set. at exactly 24 hours, and therefore local mean time and sidereal time are the same on March 21 only. Standard time zones are also set arbitrarily, find since true-'noon Is the time when the sun Is directly overhead, noon really comes one minute later for every nautical mile (6.080.27 feet) west of the standard meridian. Therefore It can be sdfen thnt your sun dial will correspond with standard time only one day each' year.?Pathfinder Magazine. i Why Crusades Were Undertaken Tho Crusades was the term applied " to tho military expeditions to the Holy Land to Insure freedom of worship to Christloxis at the holy places and later, after the Christians had been persecuted, to wrest the sovereignty of the 'Holy Land from Mohammedan rule. The first effort was made about 000. but a Crusade was not actually organized until 1006. There were seven mnjor Crusades and the oj<vement lasted Intermittent for 100 yekfs. Why Eagles Face Different Way The coat of arms of the United States has the eagle facing to dexter, thnt Is, to the observer's left. By act of congress of June 20, 1872, the design which Is tised on the flag of the President of the United States Is the same design as that used on the Pres IdentV seal. Apparently this seal, which came Into existence during the administration of President Hayes, was executed with the eagle facing to sinister: > Why It Is "Black V.ight" / The term black light Is applied to the Infra-red rays, which were alsoTor merly known as "dark chemical rays." The fact that there are radiations out side the visible spectrum was demon strated as early*as 1800. The Infrared rays are those which occor beyond the red ^nd of the spectrum. They ! are of longer wave length and Invisible.;^ Recently Infra-red rays were use<i la making photographs at night. ' Cotton Contracts Being Signed Tho Cotton Acreage Reduction Campaign is meeting with Splendid cooperation and unusual enthusiasm in Kershaw County. The time for taking these contracts expires January 31, therefore, it is urgent that all farmers intending to make contracts do -so at once. This is a special request to our farmers that they do not wait for a committeeman to come to see them hut instead look up the committeeman nearest to you as soon as possible and execute your contract. No farmer can afford to* continue farming without cooperating in this movement to help, along with his neighbors and the Government ,to increase the price of cotton and espcI dally to increase th^ net profit to J the farmers. The terms of. this contract-are more liberal than any which our farmers have ever had opportunity to enter into. It is believed that the payments made our farmers foi not planting cotton will ho much greater than tho profits which the farmer would make if ho did plant the cotton. oThe government is taking. 'Steps to see that the farmers who do cooperate and sign these contracts and reduce their cb.tton acreage from the base period of 1928-1932 will fare much better than farmers who. do not cooperate and sign contracts and reduce. It should be< understood that our farmers are not called upon to' j reduce from the acreage they planted last year. The contract calls for a reduction from the uverage planted 'during--the period 11*28, 1920, 1930, 1931, 1932. However* the farmer is not to increase his cotton acreage above the amount he planted in 1932 or 1933. I Farmers who do not cooperate by entering into this contract will not receive Government financing fr/>m any of the Government Loan Agencies, such as the Seed Loan, Crop Production Loan, Land Banks, Production Credit Association or Regional Agricultural Credit Corporation. The cash rent paid by the Government to the cooperating farmer is three and one-half cents per pound f6r the average production produced during the base period 1928-1932. I The three and one-half cents payment will be made in two installments, the first to be paid the farmers between March 1 and April 30, 1934, approximately, and the second installment between August 1 and September 30, 1934, approximately. Also the parity paynAent upon the farm allotment (which payment will not be less than one cent per pound on said farm allotment) shall be made to the producers between December 1, 1934, and January 1, 1935, approximately. The farm allotment is forty per cent' of the average production during the base period. This is a great opportunity for our farmers and I do not see how any farmer living in ,this community can I conscientiously refuse to cooperate in this undertaking by oOur Government to help our people. | Please see your nearest committeeman at once and sign your c.ontract. Remember, the time for signing contracts expires Jaijumtf advises I Henry P.-Green, county agent. Frank Walker complained to the CWA at Madison, Wis., because he had been discharged after investigatI ors said he was a "single man. He J explained that he had just been released from prison 'where he had served a term for bigamy. To Meet With Watere? Church The western division .of the Ker- , shuw Association will hold its, quarterly B, Y. P. U, rally at Watere? Baptist church January 28, at 2:30. o'clock. The following churches are expected to send representative*: Bet ha n y - \V ?stvttle, Beaver Dam, Gedar Creek, 'Camden, DeJCalb, Flint Hill, Hermitage, lloreb,4Malvem Hill, Mizpah, Mt. Olivet, Pine drove, Pisgah, Thorn Hill, Watoroe, Tho program is as follows: Devotional by Thorn Hill; "Tho B. Y. P. U. as u Church Auxiliary," Bethany; "Blessings that havo come to me through my B. Y, P. U. Work", Cam- * den; -"Special music by Camden; "Whither bound in our church training program?" by Thorn Hill; "Christ must reign in our training ? program," Hov. J, T, Littlejohn," Special music by Thorn Hill. Knch union is to bring a verbal report of wbrk done in the past quarter. The late Chief Justice Watts has a brother living at Laurens, 86 years old, who is remarkably activo for his ago. Ho is one of Jhe few surviving Confederate veterans who actually wore arms In the Confederate war, A sister, Mrs1.' Sullivan, of Laurens, also survives. Three daughters, Mrs. Guasie Sullivan and Mrs. Courtonay Stokes, both bf Chesterfield county, and Mrs. Bessie Hoyall, of Laurens, are living, $5 'Lucette Almeras, Pariaienne beauty who was with Alexander Stavisky, Bayonne bank manager, at tho time of his death at an isolated inn out- ^ side of Chamonix, refuses to talk about the case and will not tell how Stavisky came to ht.4 death. It is freely charged in Frhnce that the v> . . banker was shot by police to/keep him from talk that might involve high government officials in the $30,000,000 bank swindle. 'It was at first claimed that Stavisky had filled him-' self as the police broke into the room V. where he was hiding. Mrs. L. B. Pickett, of Jefferson, tin., claims tq have a clock that has been running steadily for 45 years without repairs. TAX RETURNS . . / Office of Auditor Kershaw County, Camden, S. C., December 15, 1933 Notice is hereby given that the Au- t (litor's Office will be open for receiving Tax Returns from January 1st, 19?4j. to March 1st, 1934. All persons owning real estate or personal property must make return? of the same within said period, as required by law, or be subject to a penalty of 10' per cent. The Auditor Will attend in personor by deputy at the following places in the county on the dates indicated for receiving returns: Jtaley's Mill?January 19th. Westvillfc?January 26th. Rabon's Cross Roads?January 24, All persons between the ages of 211 r and 60 years, inclusive, are required' to pay a poll tax? and all persons between the ages of 21 ana 60 years, ^.vi inclusive, are required to pay a Road tax, unless excused by law. All Trustees, Guardians, Executors, A<L mimatrators or Agents holding prop- Vr-"' A -;'v erty in charge must return same. Parties sending tax returns by mail must make oath to same before some officer and fill out the same in proper manner or they will be rejected. B. E. SPARROW, V iL Auditor Kershaw County 666 Liquid, Tablets, SslVe, Nose Drops Checks Malaria in 3 days, Colds first ? day, Headaches or Neuralgia in 30., minutes. FINE LAXATIVE AND TONIC Most Speedy Remedies Known v" REAL ESTATE S RENTS COLLECTED, FARM AND CITY PROPERTY | . 4 HUNTING<PRESERVES I Repairing and Care-Talcing of Property ALL FORMS OF INSURANCE DeKALB INSURANCE AND REAL ESTATE CO.. I Crocker Building ? Telephone 7 1 iiigii J' The World's Most Interesting Magazine EVERY WEEK FROM WASHINGTON * ^ The Most Important Place in the World Local hews?you get It in your f&vorlte home paper. But you cannot be equally well informed on national and world affairs without Pathfinder. Think of all that is going onl New industrial developments! The all-important agricultural situation I Acts of Congress! Governmental orders and a thousand other things! But how wilt this affect you personally?THAT'S WHAT YOU'VE COT TO KNOW. The true inside stoiy of what goe? on at Washington; understandable' and reliable information that is so hard to find; the maze of current happenings and fast changing conditions clearly analyzed and explained for you?that is exactly wnat the Pathfinder will give you. By all means order Pathfinder with this paper in the club which we have arranged for your benefit. ORDER NOW! _ _ _ _ . a<zxr paper PATH "N D ER \ \ B?TH r'A* ?m-T YOU^SAVE 7k