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RECLAIM ARID AREAS OF WEST Legislation Proposed to Spend $ 260,000,000 to Open up ! Unproductive Land. nation is to be repaid Would Place at Disposal of Settler* , What May Become Most Fertile Soil in the Country ? 320,000 Thrive On Irrigated Lands. \\ ashlnjit on. -Now legislation is l.?e lug prepared by committees of congress (if)- opening 4 up to munkiiulYlhc urld ia nils of (he West. yearly 200, (>00,000 acres remain un* improved In the reclamation group of states more than all the productive lauds of Germany and the United Kingdom com 1)1 ihm 1. ' Thin Improve ment ? would accommodate many mil !U>;is more" people and add billions to the aggregate wealth If reclamation were attended by a success common siirnte with that which lias followed the work hitherto done. 20 Years' Irrigation Work. The results of twenty years of Irri gation may be summarized thus: Gross cost1, $ 1 35,000.000 ; net cost, $127,000,000; estimated area, on com pletion of nil projects, 3,212,002 acres; Irritable acreage, 1,782,374 acres; Irrigated acrt4ige In 1018, 1,141,510 acres; cropped acreage In 1018, 1,051, 1{>,"{ acres ; crop valuo of irrigated land yield for 1018, $00,000.000 ; value average. yield. P(*r ucre, $03.00; Average ?'</st per acre, on basis of total area when completed, $42; average cost per ucre on basis of area to which service j was ready to supply water during the season of 1018, $70; uveruge cost per ncre on basis of actual urea cropped In 1018, $120. Authorities on the results of Irrl .'ittlou agree that the Investment or advance by the government of funds in the nature of loans bus been pro ductive of great wealth. "\i the present time," according to IMredor Arthur P. Davis of the re ?iaiuation service, "the net Invest ment of the reclamation fund is ap proximately $120,000,000. With that lia^ been constructed about twenty th" projects which are now In vari ous stages of completion, several hav ing been completed, and we have pre pnred fhe irrigation works necessary t<i serve about 1,075,000 acres of land. That was the amount at the end of last year. Sell Water Rights. "J i) addition to that, under one of the subsequent acts the service has Hold partial water rights from reser voirs constructed by it to canal c6m punles. Irrigation districts and others, ""which had been previously construct ed h tid for which the water supply was inadequate in the latter part of the season. "The acreage served bv partial ?vHtcr rights from the government in ?'oniiociioii with private projects i* ? little over ^000,000 acres, so that we haw approximately 2.700,000 acres in whole or in part by the *o\ miiiii'iir, with the ex|>endil ore that I have meti (Toned: "'i'lie population upon the projects w'hi<l. are entirely government pt'O icrfs is approximately 1 liO.CWX) people ii-Tictilturnl population on the farms and the Increase in population of he towns and the new towns alto gether account for about 200.000 peo Dle additional, making something like :t2".oon people that have been afforded homes as a result of this work. "<>:i the government projects there >iu\<> ! icon established 500 schools, 47G ??him he*, and 210 banks. These banks have ii capital of SM2,000,000 and de posit* of $]]. '1,000.000. There are, al o^ctiior. over 200,000 depositors. The h'P'.sits In relation to the population < r. iMiich greater on tbe reclamation .'"?"Jp'-ts than i;i tbe country at large. "In the year 1010. which was the fjik of prices, tbe returns from tire ''?Initiation projects proper ? gross re ?urns of vegetable products ? were ab'.iu $7?, (X>0,000. "'J lie Salt River valley In Arizona I ; narrates well the results of irrlga 'nn dc\ elopraent, based on the federal ? rk Tlie Bolt river project is in Mitr!c<ipa <'uunt.v, surrounding the city ?f I'hoeiiix, capital of Arizona. Ac "i dine to the census data and other '?fllable statistics, about the time the O'damatiofi act became, law the population of Plrosnix was approxi mately rv.ouo and that of Maricopa ountv sp,<M?o, while the taxable value ?>f profiert\ In the county was, $O.l)00. ? M ? Due to irrigation. Iii IP'jo, tlie population of i'hoenlx had reached 20,000. that of Maricopa ?oiiniy HU, OOO, <cvhl Id the taxable value "f property in the county was close 'o SI 00.000,000, or more fhan ten time* what it was when the reclamation ict wns passed. Tbeae results are at tributable mainly to IrrigpUoii devel ?pnient t>> tbe United States. In na i 'ure. ilinr country wan distinctly arid, witb rainfall wholly Insufficient for any cultivation. "The triflti; staple product h\*- or ten year* hco v\h* alfalfa, coupled with 'lalrvlft*. Though thpre were many (aniens and *ome frultn raised nnd '?ther industries and a g*nx 1 deal of crain, but the most important stuple wat slfnifH nnd dalrylnf. "A few years ago the success of 'onf ?*??>!?? cotton was demonstrated for that region. That bringing very Ht?h price* l*rr* area* of alfalfa wera ploughed up, the cattle were sold, arm the people went t'MriiNiv ely Into the raising of Iouk staple cotton. That ^ " very profitable up to 1919 and was one of -the principal reasons why the product that year wan w> high. "In 1020 about 143,000 acres were Planted to Ion* staple cotton, but the market failed and very little of that cotton lias yet been marketed, al though it was picked six months afo. It has potential value, but leavaa?the_ people In rather straitened circum stances. because of the lack of market at the present time, and many of them are going back to alfalfa and dairying. The difficulty ta to get high-grade cattle, which they had be fore In a marked degree, but gradu ally they are getting hark into the more stuhle Industry. Almost sny agricultural Industry down their is profitable.".. a Frank W. Robinson, a railroad official, reports Improvements In Idaho which he thinks are typical of the whole Irrigation section. Inoreafe In Wealth, "In Latah county, in 1000," he said, "the assessed value of property was $6,500,000; In 1010. $20,000,000, and In 1920, $34,000.0(10. The Increase In the wealth of Twin Fulls county In the last ten-year period was about 200 per cent, while In Latah county in the 70 per cent. The number of acres of Improved laud and In farms only? not including waste lands and lands not under cultivation? In the Twin Falls county section in 1010 was ap proximately 100,000 acres, and In 1920 100,000 acres, while In Latah county In 1000 there wore 180,000 acres In farms; In 1010, 213,000 acres; and In 1920, 223,000 acres, Indicating that In the last*" ten-year period 10, (XX) acres of this uon-lrrlgated section had been placed under cultivation, while in the Twin Falls section 00.0<X> acres had been placed under cultivation. "In 1010 the total value of all crops yatlsed in the Twin Falls section on ^0,OtX) acres was $28,591,002. while, In I*atah county, on 223, (XX) acres the total value of all crops was $13,5'J5,000. "These people who havtc taken up these irrigated lands' are the most aggressive and best type of home maker and citizen In the United States. They spend tJielr -money for n largo amount of manufactured things, trfie comforts of home, and they afford the best market per capita for manu factured Eastern goods. One Illus tration typical of that, .and typical of every irrigated section In the .West that is developed, Is reflected In figures of the reclamation service on the Mlnl dako project. "In 1019 the value of the crops was $5,924 ,000. The value of the manufarv ) tured articles used on that project was $7,l39,tXX>. In other words on that project In 1910 they purchased more than they produced." W. D. B. Dodson, manager of the Portland Chamber of Commerce, esti mates that on the slightly more than 1,000,(XK> acres of irrigated lands re claimed a total yield valued at $00. 000, (KM) was obtained In 1018 jind $00. 000.000 in 1010. "The value of the average yield." he said, "was 03.00 per acre from crops alone fur all the Irrigated land in 1018. as compared with, S20 an "acre for the averaget ??f all the cultivated land of the nation In the year 1910." Purpose of Legislation. The purpose of the proposed . legls- i latlon Is to authorize and direct the ; secretary of the treasury to trans fer to i he reclamation fund upon the request of the secretary of the Interior a total sum o f ff250.niNHi00 in the fol lowing manner: During the fiscal year ending In 1922 not exceeding $20.000.<XK> ; 1023. $35,000,000; 1924. $45,000,000. and for each succeeding .year for a period, of three years not to exceed $50.<KX),0(X). The. money Is to he used by the In terior department in reclaiming arid and semt-arld land* In western states. Reclaiming these lands Include* the examination und survey of the lauds, determining the character of the soil, the feasibility of pluclnj; water there on by means of dams, reservoir.*, tun nels, canals, dikes and such other means as scifTftifii' e n jiiii v* ? : ririj; ivis y determine as feasible and practicable. At the end of five years, under the bill a physical valuation of the prop erty of the district shall he made and If the taxable part is found by compe tent appraisers, to be double the cost of construct lun the district shall issue Its bonds ami from the sale thereof! the reclamation fund of the I'nlted States treasury shall be reimbursed to the amount of money expended on the projects, principal und Interest. The whole real and persona! proj>erfy of the district stands pledged to the payment of the bonds. They run not exceeding twenty five years. under the existing law. persons desiring to open an Irrigation project must be organized info a dlstrlei In i conformity with the In us of the state or states in which the proje, ? In J whole or In part Is situated The total of< $250,000,000 advanced) to the reclamation fund is to be re- j paid to the United States treasury from this fund beginning with the fls- J en I yenr 1042. Bull Spoilt Picnic. Northumberland, i'a. ? When a bull charged down upon n party of picnick ers ?t a grove near here the other day dinner wittt ( In a ? ild scram ble to reach safety. Staid matrons* tried to otlmb tree*, other* made In-, effectual efforts to reach automobile vium. while some climbed Into the cars. Orover I). Savidge, a Sunbury buslnesa man, seized a shovel and beat the en raged animal over the head until aevt eral ffifftier* who had been choiring ft arrived with pitchfork* aort drove th? hes*t back into the barnyard. MAKE THE FARM j SELF-SUPPORTING! Produce Food and Feed Crops for _jLgndlord?, Tenants, and Livestock. ( k?i?M>n College. I >t*< . 1ft, ? I'nder hull \\e n il conditions It 1* considered oxtremoly liilpgrtiiQt for each farmer t > raise us nearly all of the staple food .'ind feed CFOpa an J# possible to supply all needs of the landlord, tfie tenants, and the livestock. A survey which wai s mailt' (i( Smith ('.irolinu lu T&20 reveals, tlto fact that this state (loos not product1 enough Syrup to sup ply the needs o( i he rural population ot the ' statu by so.nethtng like :t.uoo, U00 gallons.; that there is a deficit of wheat more than *8,000 .000 bushels, or h ,.v of over jtaO.000 tons, of hogs of 229,000; und that we do pot have dtiiry cattle though in the state to supply the needs of the rural population ade quately |?y 240, 000.,' It was found ;01ho that there 'were a number of counties in the s'late which did not produce corn enough to .supply the home needs. All of those things ean he grown at hoitffc uiquh more cheaply than they can be purchased from other sections, and producing them should not interfere with the production of staple cash crops but should round out a well balanced cropping system. On any farm on whfch a good rotation is followed for the purpose of bunding Up the feftilTy fo the land and main taining a system of diversified agri culture. all of these ivrops can be grown economically and to good ad vantage. Provide A Good All-Year Home Garden. ? On every self-support ing farm the ?all-year" vegetable garden, he this large or small, la one of the leading sources of food supply, and therefore in of first Importance and of indispensable value. In fact, with out a good garden, both spring and fall, there can Irt* no "100 percent" self-supporting farm. The underlying principles involved in good gardening are: (I) site and soil selection: (2) advanced planning: (3) deep and t .orough preparation of the soil; (4) judicldus and liberal applications of fertilizers and barnyard manures; (R) careful election of varieties and lib eral quantities of good s^ed ; (6) thorough cultivation; and (7) insect and disease control. Provide and Care for a Good Home Orchard. ? It has been proved conclu sively that the soils of South C aro Una are more than ordinarily adapted 'to the growing of fruit for home use. and in some sections for commercial shipment In the new agricultural program, necessitating more than ever before the "self-supporting" farm, the well-kept home orchard and fruit garden will play a great part. The underlying principles involved in good orcharding, irrespective of -size, are; (1) site and soil selection; (2) fruit and variety selection: (3) laying out the orchard and preparing the soil; (4) planting: (5) fertilizing: (fi> cultivation, pruning. 'spraying and care. Provide Enough Milk for All' Fami lies on the Farm. ? With an abund ance of milk, butter and cream for the familv. or> to ner-rent of_the grocery bill may be saved. Kach farm family of five' should own or be fur nished with two cows of standard dairy breed (grade or purebred ?. One cow should be bred to freshen in the spring and the other in the fall and in this way about two gallons of milk pei- day may be produced if proper ear** and feed are provided. Th" ten ant should be given an opportunity to Imuse and pasture his family cows near his home or to milk and feed them under the direction of the land owner at a central plantation ham. All feeds for the family cowh must he home grown. The following feeds for each cow should be- stored to be used during winter months: one ton of peavine hay; 1000 pounds of velvet, beans; ton bushel* of corn: and fVOO pounds of coUu?i?ee?t xr.sr.J. J? in im portant to prepare one to two acres of permanent pasture for each cow in order to produce the dairy products of the home more cheaply. The milk rows should be pastured on the culti vated fields in the fall when possible and on oh t k and rye in the winter and <>a rly spring The milk cows should be bred only to purebred bulls of a dairy breed. The cheapest means of insuring the service of a good bull for a few cows is to organize a dairy "bull association anion*: neighbors. This means the keeping of one good bull for ea< h 4? to 5(1 milk cows in the community. Each farmer pays his proposition of the pun base price and upkeep of (he bulls When several commuii'ii'K purchase hulls ihev may ex< hang* ev ery two years, thus reducing th.-1 ex pense of purchase Provide Suffioient Poultry for En tire Farm. 'Hie keeping of a fllock of laying hens on the farm in an impor tant part of good general farof bihd agernent The product of auch a flor k may he produced at a relatively low cost figg* produced at bom*1 will re dura < ost of living, and both the su perior freahness and qualit> of the eggs are well worth the effort expend <*d Kgf ? ar* * hlehlv nutritious f??od and are so wideK u<?ed ** to he almoxt Indispensable Ob every farm thar^ should he at least SA to 40 laying These bans will produce plenty of eg** for home consumption and alia some for mar ket. Kach bird in iter pullet year ?teoufcl Hy 1?4 f ggs. and the amoiHst of feed < ens urn ad br that bird wiU he Um then ft yound* la poultry rile ' ?' i4 " jug, it is much more advisable to keep pullets ami yearling* than birds over iwo years Such bird* lonsuino much feed hut have n<?! the la>iu* ability bohind them For general farm conditions, the dual purpose breed** are the most pop ular Plymouth. \Vy:.?ndotts, nod Ithodn Island Ho da ar?* t|>e most popular anil from record* appear to give tho most favorable result *.< egg typo nuch ; as the Leghorns ?h> in f;ivo- annum \ \ poultry men her.in.-e ot tho great egg i producing ability. Who# k:?i| uv in with t h*? farm flock one should be sure to obtain Home purebred stock, especially pure- i htwd males. Purebred stock produces a greater number of eggs, ? more uni form product, make.-. possible the Hell ln.g of eggs for hutoiilng, and cronies a greater in tore d in poultry. Stan I dard products command a better price j on tho market ant} hot a greater tlnan I olal return. Develop the Hog Industry as Farm Conditions Justify. The moat bill is one of tho biggest items in1 the gro cery bill of the average South Caro Una family. It will take lour hogs averaging 15(i pounds pach to supply pork for the average family of live. Twenty-seven eoftn ies in South Caro lina are not producing sufflicent pork to feed the rural population. AH feeds for hogs, save possibly a little tankage, should be home grown. It takes approximately u bushels of cOrn and sixty pounds of tanjtage to produce a IfiO-poupd pig. If the aver age family requires four Uogs, rhen it ! will take forty bushels of corn unda?40 ( pounds of tanage to produce theso ; hogs. If buttenniik. soy bean pasture, ! rape pasture, or corn and velvet bean j pasture is available It will not be lie* ! essary to buy tankage. A splendid way to fatten hogs is to 'urn them on Ct.rn nd. velvet 4?eans and Mt the hog* ! do 'he harvesting. . Good pastures are absolutely neces I sary for economical pork production ? in South Carolina, and it has been thoroughly ?|emon"t rated that good pastures will save about two-fifths of the grain ration. One or two acres of rape or rye for winter pasture, and access to Bermuda pasture ?for sum mer, wil produce suffleJent grazing for a brood sow and her litter. Sows are usually bred so that they j will farrow in March and September. ' allowing 3 months.' :i weeks, and .1 days for the gestation period. It is I important to use only purebred boars, as this is the moBt economical way of improving the herd. Give Dairying a Place in Diversi fied Farming. ? The surplus food crops resulting from diversified farming may be sold through the dairy cow profitably if a convenient market is available. A silo is recommended for herds of ten or more cows. Corn and sorghum nre the best crops for en silage. ? Balanced rations for milk produc tion should be made from home grown feeds; com. velvet beans, oats, cottonseed meal, peavine hay, alfalfa hay. soybean hay. silage. Wheat bran is fine for the dairy ration, and if wheat is not grown it might pay to buy a limited amount. Good rows should be fed liberally, and unprofit able cows should bp sold to the butcher. .The smallest unit recommended for commercial dairying is four cows. This number justifies the purchase of a ! cream separator and permits ship ! | ments often enough to insure a good ! product. It is better to sell cream to 1 ' a creamery than to make farm butter ; for s?le. Breeders of purebred dairy cattle should continually improve their herds by: (a) Advanced Register testing; (b) showing at fairs; (c) j growing out the young animals; (d) tuberculosis eradication: te) control of infectious diseases: (f) advertising ! to sell surplus stock. | Try S'S-e? Cat*'* Conditions Just ify. ? While the production of boef rat j tie i? a rather specialized industry i and can not he undertaken- profitably ( by evory farmer, there if* no doubt 1 that South Carolina should produce a ; larger percentage of its beef. On I farms where considerable areas of . cheap pasture lands are available, or j or farms where large amounts of ; rough feeda are prodced. beef tattle j raising will yield a good income to the man who will Rive it his attention. Only well bred sto< k should be kept. The beef cattle grower may be^in with native beef cows and by uning a purebred bull he will soon have a herd of high pcrade cattle that will economical producers of beef Breeding herds may be maintained practically the whole >ear on pas ture. In summer they will become i fat on Bermuda. In winter they will thrive on the velvet Wenn fields and ; rye or crlmaou < lover pastures. If a j Bermuda pasture i* reserved for win ' ter use it will 1>- verv icea hie whei the fields are iwudd.s Aak Cltmten College for Further Information, -tfxtension Bulletin 4ft, r ; r? rmlng; uader Moil Weevil Condf j tiona." whl/rii us ay u?- sorurt'd from county agents o* from ihe Extension Service. Cleiuaon College con , tain* further informs t i?.n on the mat ter* dia< ua?*4 above. a u<t farmers afcould atk for this bulletin and other VfctKeatlaaa that will help show how to mak? tfc* form self atipportTnr Tfc? fv'.ure of afrirulture depend* 1 upon hrow ?orh agrieMttvre relates H- j i?lf t? metera ?rtmmn*. \ty IVniiU IK U tho t'huin \\i>tua it fttrmor In Houlh Dakota. . y ? ' her forty uoro of corn ?y*>i\kUm s I'ijjlity bu?holu to (ho iicr<\ Have You Got Money in the Bank? People do got sick. There is plenty of work for the doc tor always. Suppose you got Kick and couldn't earn any money, but had to spend more. What would you do? You'd worry yourself more sick. You would fret for those you love. Hut if you had a nice sum of money in the 'bank you could rest easy knowing that those dependent upon you were well cared for. HERE ONlv WILL KIND A VARIED STOCK <>K SILVERWARE ? LASTING REMEMBRANCES AND SUITAllLE FOR ALL OCCASIONS. HUT REMEMBER. WHETHER YOUR DEMANDS MAY RE SILVER OR DIAMONDS OR ANY OTHER LINE OF JEWELRY. YOU ARE ASSURED SATISFACTION AT THIS UP TO DATE ESTABLISHMENT. . G.L. BLACK WELL > JEWELER ft OPTOMETRIST CAM PEN . i SOUTH CAROLINA i Right Kind of Pipe For Wells We are now carrying in stock Plugged and Rqamed Galvanized Pipe in 2, 2 1-2, and 3-inch sizes. We guaran tee you will have no trouble in inserting Cylnder inside of it, as it is entirely free of obstructions. We also carry a large and well assorted stock of Machinery Supplies. COLUMBIA SUPPLY COMPANY 823 West Gervais St. Columbia, S. C. Cotton Storage I Have Room for Several Hundred Bales. J. B. ZEMP