The Camden chronicle. (Camden, S.C.) 1888-1981, January 06, 1922, Image 7
RECLAIM ARID
AREAS OF WEST
Legislation Proposed to Spend
$ 260,000,000 to Open up
! Unproductive Land.
nation is to be repaid
Would Place at Disposal of Settler*
, What May Become Most Fertile
Soil in the Country ? 320,000
Thrive On Irrigated Lands.
\\ ashlnjit on. -Now legislation is l.?e
lug prepared by committees of congress
(if)- opening 4 up to munkiiulYlhc urld
ia nils of (he West.
yearly 200, (>00,000 acres remain un*
improved In the reclamation group of
states more than all the productive
lauds of Germany and the United
Kingdom com 1)1 ihm 1. ' Thin Improve
ment ? would accommodate many mil
!U>;is more" people and add billions to
the aggregate wealth If reclamation
were attended by a success common
siirnte with that which lias followed
the work hitherto done.
20 Years' Irrigation Work.
The results of twenty years of Irri
gation may be summarized thus:
Gross cost1, $ 1 35,000.000 ; net cost,
$127,000,000; estimated area, on com
pletion of nil projects, 3,212,002 acres;
Irritable acreage, 1,782,374 acres;
Irrigated acrt4ige In 1018, 1,141,510
acres; cropped acreage In 1018, 1,051,
1{>,"{ acres ; crop valuo of irrigated land
yield for 1018, $00,000.000 ; value
average. yield. P(*r ucre, $03.00; Average
?'</st per acre, on basis of total area
when completed, $42; average cost per
ucre on basis of area to which service j
was ready to supply water during the
season of 1018, $70; uveruge cost per
ncre on basis of actual urea cropped
In 1018, $120.
Authorities on the results of Irrl
.'ittlou agree that the Investment or
advance by the government of funds
in the nature of loans bus been pro
ductive of great wealth.
"\i the present time," according to
IMredor Arthur P. Davis of the re
?iaiuation service, "the net Invest
ment of the reclamation fund is ap
proximately $120,000,000. With that
lia^ been constructed about twenty
th" projects which are now In vari
ous stages of completion, several hav
ing been completed, and we have pre
pnred fhe irrigation works necessary
t<i serve about 1,075,000 acres of land.
That was the amount at the end of
last year.
Sell Water Rights.
"J i) addition to that, under one of
the subsequent acts the service has
Hold partial water rights from reser
voirs constructed by it to canal c6m
punles. Irrigation districts and others,
""which had been previously construct
ed h tid for which the water supply
was inadequate in the latter part of
the season.
"The acreage served bv partial
?vHtcr rights from the government in
?'oniiociioii with private projects i* ?
little over ^000,000 acres, so that we
haw approximately 2.700,000 acres
in whole or in part by the
*o\ miiiii'iir, with the ex|>endil ore that
I have meti (Toned:
"'i'lie population upon the projects
w'hi<l. are entirely government pt'O
icrfs is approximately 1 liO.CWX) people
ii-Tictilturnl population on the farms
and the Increase in population of
he towns and the new towns alto
gether account for about 200.000 peo
Dle additional, making something like
:t2".oon people that have been afforded
homes as a result of this work.
"<>:i the government projects there
>iu\<> ! icon established 500 schools, 47G
??him he*, and 210 banks. These banks
have ii capital of SM2,000,000 and de
posit* of $]]. '1,000.000. There are, al
o^ctiior. over 200,000 depositors. The
h'P'.sits In relation to the population
< r. iMiich greater on tbe reclamation
.'"?"Jp'-ts than i;i tbe country at large.
"In the year 1010. which was the
fjik of prices, tbe returns from tire
''?Initiation projects proper ? gross re
?urns of vegetable products ? were
ab'.iu $7?, (X>0,000.
"'J lie Salt River valley In Arizona
I ; narrates well the results of irrlga
'nn dc\ elopraent, based on the federal
? rk Tlie Bolt river project is in
Mitr!c<ipa <'uunt.v, surrounding the city
?f I'hoeiiix, capital of Arizona. Ac
"i dine to the census data and other
'?fllable statistics, about the time the
O'damatiofi act became, law the
population of Plrosnix was approxi
mately rv.ouo and that of Maricopa
ountv sp,<M?o, while the taxable value
?>f profiert\ In the county was, $O.l)00.
? M ?
Due to irrigation.
Iii IP'jo, tlie population of i'hoenlx
had reached 20,000. that of Maricopa
?oiiniy HU, OOO, <cvhl Id the taxable value
"f property in the county was close
'o SI 00.000,000, or more fhan ten time*
what it was when the reclamation
ict wns passed. Tbeae results are at
tributable mainly to IrrigpUoii devel
?pnient t>> tbe United States. In na i
'ure. ilinr country wan distinctly arid,
witb rainfall wholly Insufficient for
any cultivation.
"The triflti; staple product h\*- or ten
year* hco v\h* alfalfa, coupled with
'lalrvlft*. Though thpre were many
(aniens and *ome frultn raised nnd
'?ther industries and a g*nx 1 deal of
crain, but the most important stuple
wat slfnifH nnd dalrylnf.
"A few years ago the success of
'onf ?*??>!?? cotton was demonstrated
for that region. That bringing very
Ht?h price* l*rr* area* of alfalfa wera
ploughed up, the cattle were sold, arm
the people went t'MriiNiv ely Into the
raising of Iouk staple cotton. That
^ " very profitable up to 1919 and was
one of -the principal reasons why the
product that year wan w> high.
"In 1020 about 143,000 acres were
Planted to Ion* staple cotton, but the
market failed and very little of that
cotton lias yet been marketed, al
though it was picked six months afo.
It has potential value, but leavaa?the_
people In rather straitened circum
stances. because of the lack of
market at the present time, and many
of them are going back to alfalfa and
dairying. The difficulty ta to get
high-grade cattle, which they had be
fore In a marked degree, but gradu
ally they are getting hark into the
more stuhle Industry. Almost sny
agricultural Industry down their is
profitable."..
a Frank W. Robinson, a railroad
official, reports Improvements In Idaho
which he thinks are typical of the
whole Irrigation section.
Inoreafe In Wealth,
"In Latah county, in 1000," he said,
"the assessed value of property was
$6,500,000; In 1010. $20,000,000, and In
1920, $34,000.0(10. The Increase In the
wealth of Twin Fulls county In the
last ten-year period was about 200 per
cent, while In Latah county in the
70 per cent. The number of acres of
Improved laud and In farms only?
not including waste lands and lands
not under cultivation? In the Twin
Falls county section in 1010 was ap
proximately 100,000 acres, and In 1920
100,000 acres, while In Latah county
In 1000 there wore 180,000 acres In
farms; In 1010, 213,000 acres; and In
1920, 223,000 acres, Indicating that In
the last*" ten-year period 10, (XX)
acres of this uon-lrrlgated section had
been placed under cultivation, while
in the Twin Falls section 00.0<X> acres
had been placed under cultivation.
"In 1010 the total value of all crops
yatlsed in the Twin Falls section on
^0,OtX) acres was $28,591,002. while, In
I*atah county, on 223, (XX) acres the
total value of all crops was $13,5'J5,000.
"These people who havtc taken up
these irrigated lands' are the most
aggressive and best type of home
maker and citizen In the United
States. They spend tJielr -money for n
largo amount of manufactured things,
trfie comforts of home, and they afford
the best market per capita for manu
factured Eastern goods. One Illus
tration typical of that, .and typical of
every irrigated section In the .West that
is developed, Is reflected In figures of
the reclamation service on the Mlnl
dako project.
"In 1019 the value of the crops was
$5,924 ,000. The value of the manufarv )
tured articles used on that project
was $7,l39,tXX>. In other words on that
project In 1910 they purchased more
than they produced."
W. D. B. Dodson, manager of the
Portland Chamber of Commerce, esti
mates that on the slightly more than
1,000,(XK> acres of irrigated lands re
claimed a total yield valued at $00.
000, (KM) was obtained In 1018 jind $00.
000.000 in 1010.
"The value of the average yield."
he said, "was 03.00 per acre from
crops alone fur all the Irrigated land
in 1018. as compared with, S20 an "acre
for the averaget ??f all the cultivated
land of the nation In the year 1910."
Purpose of Legislation.
The purpose of the proposed . legls- i
latlon Is to authorize and direct the ;
secretary of the treasury to trans
fer to i he reclamation fund upon the
request of the secretary of the Interior
a total sum o f ff250.niNHi00 in the fol
lowing manner:
During the fiscal year ending In
1922 not exceeding $20.000.<XK> ; 1023.
$35,000,000; 1924. $45,000,000. and for
each succeeding .year for a period, of
three years not to exceed $50.<KX),0(X).
The. money Is to he used by the In
terior department in reclaiming arid
and semt-arld land* In western
states.
Reclaiming these lands Include* the
examination und survey of the lauds,
determining the character of the soil,
the feasibility of pluclnj; water there
on by means of dams, reservoir.*, tun
nels, canals, dikes and such other
means as scifTftifii' e n jiiii v* ? : ririj; ivis y
determine as feasible and practicable.
At the end of five years, under the
bill a physical valuation of the prop
erty of the district shall he made and
If the taxable part is found by compe
tent appraisers, to be double the cost
of construct lun the district shall issue
Its bonds ami from the sale thereof!
the reclamation fund of the I'nlted
States treasury shall be reimbursed
to the amount of money expended on
the projects, principal und Interest.
The whole real and persona! proj>erfy
of the district stands pledged to the
payment of the bonds. They run not
exceeding twenty five years.
under the existing law. persons
desiring to open an Irrigation project
must be organized info a dlstrlei In i
conformity with the In us of the state
or states in which the proje, ? In J
whole or In part Is situated
The total of< $250,000,000 advanced)
to the reclamation fund is to be re- j
paid to the United States treasury
from this fund beginning with the fls- J
en I yenr 1042.
Bull Spoilt Picnic.
Northumberland, i'a. ? When a bull
charged down upon n party of picnick
ers ?t a grove near here the other day
dinner wittt ( In a ? ild scram
ble to reach safety. Staid matrons*
tried to otlmb tree*, other* made In-,
effectual efforts to reach automobile
vium. while some climbed Into the cars.
Orover I). Savidge, a Sunbury buslnesa
man, seized a shovel and beat the en
raged animal over the head until aevt
eral ffifftier* who had been choiring ft
arrived with pitchfork* aort drove th?
hes*t back into the barnyard.
MAKE THE FARM j
SELF-SUPPORTING!
Produce Food and Feed Crops for
_jLgndlord?, Tenants, and Livestock.
( k?i?M>n College. I >t*< . 1ft, ? I'nder
hull \\e n il conditions It 1* considered
oxtremoly liilpgrtiiQt for each farmer
t > raise us nearly all of the staple
food .'ind feed CFOpa an J# possible to
supply all needs of the landlord, tfie
tenants, and the livestock. A survey
which wai s mailt' (i( Smith ('.irolinu lu
T&20 reveals, tlto fact that this state
(loos not product1 enough Syrup to sup
ply the needs o( i he rural population
ot the ' statu by so.nethtng like :t.uoo,
U00 gallons.; that there is a deficit of
wheat more than *8,000 .000 bushels, or
h ,.v of over jtaO.000 tons, of hogs of
229,000; und that we do pot have dtiiry
cattle though in the state to supply
the needs of the rural population ade
quately |?y 240, 000.,' It was found ;01ho
that there 'were a number of counties
in the s'late which did not produce
corn enough to .supply the home
needs. All of those things ean he
grown at hoitffc uiquh more cheaply
than they can be purchased from other
sections, and producing them should
not interfere with the production of
staple cash crops but should round
out a well balanced cropping system.
On any farm on whfch a good rotation
is followed for the purpose of bunding
Up the feftilTy fo the land and main
taining a system of diversified agri
culture. all of these ivrops can be
grown economically and to good ad
vantage.
Provide A Good All-Year Home
Garden. ? On every self-support ing
farm the ?all-year" vegetable garden,
he this large or small, la one of the
leading sources of food supply, and
therefore in of first Importance and
of indispensable value. In fact, with
out a good garden, both spring and
fall, there can Irt* no "100 percent"
self-supporting farm. The underlying
principles involved in good gardening
are: (I) site and soil selection: (2)
advanced planning: (3) deep and
t .orough preparation of the soil; (4)
judicldus and liberal applications of
fertilizers and barnyard manures; (R)
careful election of varieties and lib
eral quantities of good s^ed ; (6)
thorough cultivation; and (7) insect
and disease control.
Provide and Care for a Good Home
Orchard. ? It has been proved conclu
sively that the soils of South C aro
Una are more than ordinarily adapted
'to the growing of fruit for home use.
and in some sections for commercial
shipment In the new agricultural
program, necessitating more than
ever before the "self-supporting"
farm, the well-kept home orchard and
fruit garden will play a great part.
The underlying principles involved
in good orcharding, irrespective of
-size, are; (1) site and soil selection;
(2) fruit and variety selection: (3)
laying out the orchard and preparing
the soil; (4) planting: (5) fertilizing:
(fi> cultivation, pruning. 'spraying and
care.
Provide Enough Milk for All' Fami
lies on the Farm. ? With an abund
ance of milk, butter and cream for
the familv. or> to ner-rent of_the
grocery bill may be saved. Kach farm
family of five' should own or be fur
nished with two cows of standard
dairy breed (grade or purebred ?. One
cow should be bred to freshen in the
spring and the other in the fall and
in this way about two gallons of milk
pei- day may be produced if proper
ear** and feed are provided. Th" ten
ant should be given an opportunity to
Imuse and pasture his family cows
near his home or to milk and feed
them under the direction of the land
owner at a central plantation ham.
All feeds for the family cowh must
he home grown. The following feeds
for each cow should be- stored to be
used during winter months: one ton
of peavine hay; 1000 pounds of velvet,
beans; ton bushel* of corn: and fVOO
pounds of coUu?i?ee?t xr.sr.J. J? in im
portant to prepare one to two acres of
permanent pasture for each cow in
order to produce the dairy products
of the home more cheaply. The milk
rows should be pastured on the culti
vated fields in the fall when possible
and on oh t k and rye in the winter and
<>a rly spring
The milk cows should be bred only
to purebred bulls of a dairy breed.
The cheapest means of insuring the
service of a good bull for a few cows
is to organize a dairy "bull association
anion*: neighbors. This means the
keeping of one good bull for ea< h 4?
to 5(1 milk cows in the community.
Each farmer pays his proposition of
the pun base price and upkeep of (he
bulls When several commuii'ii'K
purchase hulls ihev may ex< hang* ev
ery two years, thus reducing th.-1 ex
pense of purchase
Provide Suffioient Poultry for En
tire Farm. 'Hie keeping of a fllock of
laying hens on the farm in an impor
tant part of good general farof bihd
agernent The product of auch a flor k
may he produced at a relatively low
cost figg* produced at bom*1 will re
dura < ost of living, and both the su
perior freahness and qualit> of the
eggs are well worth the effort expend
<*d Kgf ? ar* * hlehlv nutritious f??od
and are so wideK u<?ed ** to he almoxt
Indispensable
Ob every farm thar^ should he at
least SA to 40 laying These bans
will produce plenty of eg** for home
consumption and alia some for mar
ket. Kach bird in iter pullet year
?teoufcl Hy 1?4 f ggs. and the amoiHst
of feed < ens urn ad br that bird wiU he
Um then ft yound* la poultry rile
' ?' i4 "
jug, it is much more advisable to keep
pullets ami yearling* than birds over
iwo years Such bird* lonsuino much
feed hut have n<?! the la>iu* ability
bohind them
For general farm conditions, the
dual purpose breed** are the most pop
ular Plymouth. \Vy:.?ndotts, nod Ithodn
Island Ho da ar?* t|>e most popular anil
from record* appear to give tho most
favorable result *.< egg typo nuch ;
as the Leghorns ?h> in f;ivo- annum \
\ poultry men her.in.-e ot tho great egg i
producing ability.
Who# k:?i| uv in with t h*? farm
flock one should be sure to obtain
Home purebred stock, especially pure- i
htwd males. Purebred stock produces
a greater number of eggs, ? more uni
form product, make.-. possible the Hell
ln.g of eggs for hutoiilng, and cronies
a greater in tore d in poultry. Stan
I dard products command a better price
j on tho market ant} hot a greater tlnan
I olal return.
Develop the Hog Industry as Farm
Conditions Justify. The moat bill is
one of tho biggest items in1 the gro
cery bill of the average South Caro
Una family. It will take lour hogs
averaging 15(i pounds pach to supply
pork for the average family of live.
Twenty-seven eoftn ies in South Caro
lina are not producing sufflicent pork
to feed the rural population.
AH feeds for hogs, save possibly a
little tankage, should be home grown.
It takes approximately u bushels of
cOrn and sixty pounds of tanjtage to
produce a IfiO-poupd pig. If the aver
age family requires four Uogs, rhen it
! will take forty bushels of corn unda?40
( pounds of tanage to produce theso
; hogs. If buttenniik. soy bean pasture,
! rape pasture, or corn and velvet bean
j pasture is available It will not be lie*
! essary to buy tankage. A splendid
way to fatten hogs is to 'urn them on
Ct.rn nd. velvet 4?eans and Mt the hog* !
do 'he harvesting. .
Good pastures are absolutely neces
I sary for economical pork production
? in South Carolina, and it has been
thoroughly ?|emon"t rated that good
pastures will save about two-fifths of
the grain ration. One or two acres
of rape or rye for winter pasture, and
access to Bermuda pasture ?for sum
mer, wil produce suffleJent grazing for
a brood sow and her litter.
Sows are usually bred so that they
j will farrow in March and September.
' allowing 3 months.' :i weeks, and .1
days for the gestation period. It is
I important to use only purebred boars,
as this is the moBt economical way of
improving the herd.
Give Dairying a Place in Diversi
fied Farming. ? The surplus food crops
resulting from diversified farming
may be sold through the dairy cow
profitably if a convenient market is
available. A silo is recommended for
herds of ten or more cows. Corn and
sorghum nre the best crops for en
silage. ?
Balanced rations for milk produc
tion should be made from home
grown feeds; com. velvet beans, oats,
cottonseed meal, peavine hay, alfalfa
hay. soybean hay. silage. Wheat bran
is fine for the dairy ration, and if
wheat is not grown it might pay to
buy a limited amount. Good rows
should be fed liberally, and unprofit
able cows should bp sold to the
butcher.
.The smallest unit recommended for
commercial dairying is four cows. This
number justifies the purchase of a
! cream separator and permits ship !
| ments often enough to insure a good
! product. It is better to sell cream to 1
' a creamery than to make farm butter
; for s?le.
Breeders of purebred dairy cattle
should continually improve their
herds by: (a) Advanced Register
testing; (b) showing at fairs; (c) j
growing out the young animals; (d)
tuberculosis eradication: te) control
of infectious diseases: (f) advertising
! to sell surplus stock.
| Try S'S-e? Cat*'* Conditions Just
ify. ? While the production of boef rat
j tie i? a rather specialized industry
i and can not he undertaken- profitably
( by evory farmer, there if* no doubt
1 that South Carolina should produce a
; larger percentage of its beef. On
I farms where considerable areas of
. cheap pasture lands are available, or
j or farms where large amounts of
; rough feeda are prodced. beef tattle
j raising will yield a good income to
the man who will Rive it his attention.
Only well bred sto< k should be kept.
The beef cattle grower may be^in
with native beef cows and by uning a
purebred bull he will soon have a
herd of high pcrade cattle that will
economical producers of beef
Breeding herds may be maintained
practically the whole >ear on pas
ture. In summer they will become
i fat on Bermuda. In winter they will
thrive on the velvet Wenn fields and
; rye or crlmaou < lover pastures. If a
j Bermuda pasture i* reserved for win
' ter use it will 1>- verv icea hie
whei the fields are iwudd.s
Aak Cltmten College for Further
Information, -tfxtension Bulletin 4ft,
r
; r? rmlng; uader Moil Weevil Condf j
tiona." whl/rii us ay u?- sorurt'd from
county agents o* from ihe Extension
Service. Cleiuaon College con ,
tain* further informs t i?.n on the mat
ter* dia< ua?*4 above. a u<t farmers
afcould atk for this bulletin and other
VfctKeatlaaa that will help show how
to mak? tfc* form self atipportTnr
Tfc? fv'.ure of afrirulture depend* 1
upon hrow ?orh agrieMttvre relates H- j
i?lf t? metera ?rtmmn*.
\ty IVniiU IK U tho t'huin
\\i>tua it fttrmor In Houlh Dakota.
. y ? '
her forty uoro of corn ?y*>i\kUm s
I'ijjlity bu?holu to (ho iicr<\
Have You Got
Money in the Bank?
People do got sick. There
is plenty of work for the doc
tor always. Suppose you got
Kick and couldn't earn any
money, but had to spend more.
What would you do? You'd
worry yourself more sick. You
would fret for those you love.
Hut if you had a nice sum of
money in the 'bank you could
rest easy knowing that those
dependent upon you were well
cared for.
HERE ONlv WILL KIND A VARIED STOCK <>K SILVERWARE
? LASTING REMEMBRANCES AND SUITAllLE FOR ALL
OCCASIONS. HUT REMEMBER. WHETHER YOUR DEMANDS
MAY RE SILVER OR DIAMONDS OR ANY OTHER LINE OF
JEWELRY. YOU ARE ASSURED SATISFACTION AT THIS UP
TO DATE ESTABLISHMENT. .
G.L. BLACK WELL
> JEWELER ft OPTOMETRIST
CAM PEN . i
SOUTH CAROLINA i
Right Kind of Pipe For Wells
We are now carrying in stock Plugged and Rqamed
Galvanized Pipe in 2, 2 1-2, and 3-inch sizes. We guaran
tee you will have no trouble in inserting Cylnder inside of
it, as it is entirely free of obstructions.
We also carry a large and well assorted stock of
Machinery Supplies.
COLUMBIA SUPPLY COMPANY
823 West Gervais St. Columbia, S. C.
Cotton Storage
I Have Room for
Several Hundred
Bales.
J. B. ZEMP