University of South Carolina Libraries
by the course thus required by our j ow? ini&'ourise. Tho uattital mine of development for' * policy ... reciprocity will be pi con nection wiih those o; out production* which tut longer require all of the .?up? I port once m w.u-il to eitub;;sh thm\ ' upon a eojmli bason, a:i 1 with thu-e others win ; o either bevuit?o 01 ml n >1 or of ci ono..i.e cans u ?'>' are beyond i tho reach ?.i succesaf 1 e.> n petition. i ask the Attention or the Senate toj tho reciprocity treat iea laid before U ' by my prodecessur. Merchant Marine. Tho condition of tiro American mer chant marine in such as to call for im-'i mediate remedial action by rhe Con gress. It ia disero litr.bie to vs .19 a N.r tlon that our merchant roaidn^sUouUl bo utterly insignificant in cornparls .n to thai of other nation* which W9 overtop in -o: her forms o f business. Wo Bhonld not Ion;. or s .bmlt to condii ions under which only a trlllirtg portion of our great commerce ia carried ou our own rhlp1.. To remedy i h ' n state of things 'woi'ld not jr.oieiy serve to build up our shipping ihttiests, but it would also res? It in lene it to all who are in terest*.! in the permanent establish niont ot" a wider market for American product, end would provide an aux iliary force for tho Navy. Ships work for their own- countries just us ii.il 'Vi nrj1f.T? yn^TTl *??. Shipping linos, if established to tho principal eounlrlca with which wo have dealings, would bo of political as well as commercial beno.'lt. From every standpoint it la unwise for the United States t;> cfirulnu? to rely upon Mo - ships oT competing nations for the dis tribution of our Rao:ls. it should ba made a.iv.uitvonrs to carry American goodsMn A njerlean-built ships. At present American shipping '.s under certain great disadvantages when |>nt in competition with the ship ping of foreign countries. Many of tho flint foreign s'ermsMps. at a tipped of fourteen knots or above, tire subsi dized; and all our ships, sailing vessels k and steamers alike, eai"So carries of slow speed and mail carriers of higi speed, have to meet the fact that the original cost of building American ships Is greater than la the case abroad; that the wages paid America officers and seamen aro very much higher than tho*o paid tho officers and seamen of foreign competing countries; and that the standard of living on our ships la far superior to tho standard of living on the ships of our commer cial rivals. Our Government should take such action as will remedy these inequali ties. The American merchant marine should be restored to tho ocean. , The Gold Standard. ?'rho Act of March 14. 1900, intended unequivocally to establish guldens tho standard money and to maintain^ a parity therewith all forms of mdaey medium In use with us, ha? been shown to be timely and judicious. The price nf. our (Jove anient bends in tho world's market, when compared with the price oT similar ohllbalions Issued by other nations, in a llatior'.ng tributo to our public credit. This condition it Is evi dently desirable to maintain. In manyTCspcota ttie "National Bank ing I^aw furnishes sufficient liberty for tho proper exercise of tho banking function; but there scorns to bo need of better safeguards against tho de ranging influence of commercial crises and financial panics. Moreover, tho currency of the country ' should be mado responsive to the demands of o?:r domestic trade and commercvo. The collections fron) duties on im ports and internal taxes, continue to . ?:ceced the ordinary expenditures ot the Givernment. thanks mainly to 'he reduced army expenditures. Tho ut most care should bf taken not to r? du<*>,tho revenues 3<J' that there will be any possibility of a deficit; but, after providing against any such contingen cy, means should bo adopted which will brini the reaenucs nio$a nearly within the limit of our actual his report to the Congress the tary of tle^Troas'iry. considers all -.heso questions' length, airu I ask your at tention to OHTTep^rt and recommen dations. I call strict attention to the noed of strict economy In expcndltures.Tho fnct that our national needs forbid us to be niggardly In providing whatever ia ac {tally netessnry to our well-being, ..mould malco us doubly carcful to nus End our national resourcesf.-as each ft us husbands his private M&ourees. Jy scrupulous avoidance of anything fko reckless or wasteful oxpendlturo. only by avoidance o f spending money on what is needless or unldstflable can we legitimately ..cop our Income td the nplnt required to meet our aeeda that are genuine. o ' Interstate Commerce. In 1887 a measure wis enacted for thSL. regulation ofr interstate railways, commonly Known as tho Interstate Commerce Act. The cardinal provis ions of that act were that railway rates should bo Just and reasonable ?ad that all shippers, localities, ml . commodities should be accorded equaL treatment. A commission was created and endowed with what were supposed to bo the necessary powers to execute the-provlslons of ih!s act. That law was largely an experiment. Experience has shown tho wisdom of Its purposes, but has alsa shown, pos sibly, thai so mo of its requirements ?re wrong, certainly that tho means devised for th*? enforcement of Its pro visions are flefcctlvo. Those who rora of lh? management of- the rail ways allege that established rates arc ?ot maintained; that rebates and sim ilar devices aro habitually resorted^ to; thai these preference* are ttsuaUjMn favor of Hie large shippers; that tJrty1 4 rive out of business the small' com petitor; mt while many rates are too taw, many others are excessive; and tfcat trots prererfftoes aie ??<>.? ITT ftteitai TOflPloaailUes asd coxsmoil tim. Upon die otter bend, the rail ways assert that the last hjr its *&? rtHKf rrtcrs skiik soo to It, that wltlliu 1U Jurisdi ction I this is so and should provide a spivrty, . inexpensive, and tfieclivo icme'iy to ! that eud. * At tho samo lluto it^ must ' not be forgotten thai our railways ate the arteras throu&h which the coal ? tnorcial lite-blood of tins nation tlo>. s. j Nothing could ha more foolish Mian j tho enactment of loalaluuori whieu | would unnecessarily interfere with i ? s o development and operation of thesoj commercial agcncics. TUo subject .si ono of great iniporutnco an I call* for i ho earnest attention of tho Cong. ass. Department of Agriculture. Tho Department Of Agriculture i ar lining i ho past fifteen years nas steadily broadened its work on cn?u omlc lines, nnd as nox omplished to fculta of reM value in uplmihliyg do j niestio and Ion ian trade. It has pone j into now lit Ida until it Is now in tout h t with all soulons of 'mm* country una with two of tlu? island a roups tiuu have lately cumo tinier our juris ih - tion, wlrorfe pcoplo must look to agri culture as a fcelih.m I. It is >;earuh lug tho wo: Id for grains, ^ia-: fruits, and vegetables spncialty ;.\U?d ! for introduction into localities in Oie ) several Stales and Territories v.- hero i they may add materially t;> our re- j sources. P.y- sclentllle attention to soil survey and possible new crops, to J breeding of new varieties <5f plants.! to expo;1 iincniai sr. r-"..."'. ? WVmary aiVd "^applied chemistry, very practical aid baa boon given our taiiiijn" nnd stock-growing Interacts. The products <>f tho farm have taken an unprecede nted place in our export I trade during the >ear that has just, closed. Our Insular Possersions. Fn Hawaii our aim must bo to <!<> volop the territory on the traditional American hues. Wo do not wish a reglop of large elates tilled by cheap labor; wo ^wjsh rt healthv American community t'f- ' men who themselves till the fa?a;."> they own. All our legislation fur tho idai: is should- bo shaped with this end in view; the well being of tho average home maker must afford tho true test of the healthy development of the Islands. The land policy should ns nearly ns possible be modeled on our homestead system. It is a pleasure to say that it Is hardly more necessary to report a 4 to j Porto Hlco than as to any State or j territory within our continental limits. The island Is thriving ns never i before, and it Is holing administered J efficiently and honestly. Its people , are now onjovlng liberty and order under the protection of tho United j States, and upon this fact wo con- i gratulate them* and ourselves. Their material welfare must bo as care fullv and joalomjlv considered ns the welfare of anv other portion of ner country. We have given them the great gift of free access for their ] ro- j ducts to tho markets of the United States. 1 ask the attention of the Con- ! gross to tho need of legislation en-, cernlp.g the public lands of Porto Hlco. j lit Cuba such progress nas neeu ! inado toward putting tlm Independent ; government of the island upon a firm ! footing that before tho present pes sion of the Congress closes this will be an accomplished fact. Cuba will then start as hor own mi3trefes: and to the beautiful Queen of the Antilles, as slie unfol Is this now page of her ! destiny, we oxtend our heartiest I gieetlngs and good wishes. Elsewhere I havo discussed the question of re ciprocity.* hi the case of Cuba, how ever, thore are weighty reasons of i morality and of national Interest why ] the policy should bo held to havo a I peculiar application, p.nd I most earn estly ask your attention to tho wis*, tiom. Indeed to tho vital need, of pro-',] i vlding for n subetostl^i reduction in 1 ! the tariff dr. ties on Cuban imports | into the United 3tates. Cuba has In her constitution affirmed what we I desired. that she should stand, in. in j ternatlonal matters, in closer and ? more fricndlv relations with us than with any other power; and wo are bound by every consideration of honor , apd expediency to pass commercial flu ensures In tho interest of hor ma terial well-being. In the Philippines our problem is larger. Thev are very rich tropical islands, inhabited by many varying J tribes, representing widely different ' stages of progress toward civilization. Our earnest effort Is to help these i people upward along the stonv an i | difficult path that leads to self-fov-. eminent. We hope to make our ad ministration of tho Islands honorable to our Nation by making it of the hlnrhest benefit to tho Filipinos them selves; and as an earnest of what wo Intend to do, wo point . to what wo have done. Already a greater meas ure of material prosperity and of go,v rnmental honesty and efficiency ha3 been attained in tho Philippines than ever before in LhuU. history. "Tt Is no light task for a nation to achieve the temperamental qualities without which the institutions of ftoo government are but an empty mnclv erv. Onr- people are now successfully governing themselves, because for more than a thousand years they havo been slowlv fitting themselves, some I times consciously somot linen uncon sciously', toward this end. What has t?K?n us thlrtv generations to ichlove ^4fe cannot oxpect to seo another raco accomplish out of hand, ospeciallv when large . portions of that race start verv far behind the point which our ancestors had reached even thirtv po-neratlona ago. In dealing with the Philippine people we must show.jbpjji patience and - strength; forbearance and stuwtflrtt yosolutlort. Our aim Is hljch. We do not desire to do Tor the tslandefft merelv what has elsewhere been done for tropic peoplo by oven* th best foreign governments. We hope to do for them what baa never before been done for anv people - of the tropica ? to mako them .fit for nclf government after1 tho faahlon of the re*TTv free nations. History ma? safelr he challenged to show ? f.'ngle Instance ln?^bjrh V masterful ra$e such as onra.-nariny bee* forced by. <>t *var To fait* possession of an alien land, baa behaved to It* Inhabitants with t be disinterested teal for their pro- . M a. To I Islan.lsi wOaW asm that lh?v' ? wetter of d?tr a eitvtMng nuw.su: o of aclf govornuunt, J oxat Li v as last as tiu-y show lliviil* hdVcc lit in exoivisii it. Kinco the' t ivil i'.u\ ci mm. ui \yr i est al l in i: oil noi [ an appointment IijT ! ? ;i ukUo in t!?o islami* wall nny v t> to ioii stuonuion of politb ai 1 11 tl i:v> u or 10 uuj,)ii else Mists tao iiu??'ss 01 i.u< mart nu.t t ho needs of him m rvico. L.i oar anxiety for uio wolf are und progrgtsg of tho r)iill|>pl?08, 11 may l>o tluft luuo and (hero wo havo gono too tuptdly in giving them U>;al self ,'.ov ei anient. It J.s . A tin ? : i ? * thai k.ur v. i t?r, ii ftnyj. iia^l (jj/Si con; nun.* I. .N > competent oWffrfvcr, sin. . ;oly de sirous of iinduig' otii the la: ts ail I in- I tiuoucoil only l?y u desire for tl.o Wi ! j faro of tho natives, call assort il.ai j we have not gona far ni.innh, \\\ ' huvo gono to the very \ergo "t' safety in hastening tho process. To havr \ taken a tdngle stop farther or" faster : in advance v.oul.l h^vo I <\, n f,?Hy und ' vnjliiH ss, an. i utight veil l ave Icon I < i hue. Wo nro oxtronV l.v an vio?.. that t ho natives shall si row tf> |:^ or ?.f governing tin ii i"**' I v os. Wo ai o anxious, lirst for tholr sa!;< an I uoxf, hoc <!<!$? it roliov oa us oi u r,i>\u l-urden. Theie nooil not bo tin* j?ii,rlit i :.t fear of our not continuing to < ivo tlu.ni. all tho liberty for wiiioh Uiev tt'.o fit. /? Thy only t'oar Is lost In our over 'anxioly wo ^ivo thoni ft. (}<\sroo o * i? ? "A. ?>?. wiii?*tv 'VP -y ;i'ro 1 i. lit. thereby inviting reaction and <"! !?: nstor. As fast as there is any yeas in nb|r? hope that in a given ?1 ivt ?} --t t !: o people can govern themselves. :u If government has boon gl v in in that t'l. ti lot. . Thcro is not a lpoality ilted for solf-govoi linu nt which has no' re ceived it. Hut it may well bo *hat In < o: tain oasea it will havo to l;o wi l it (iinwn because (ho inhabitants show themselves unlit to excrciso it; ?uoh msiancA's havo alioady ooonrr^l. In otl:or words, thoro is not t!io uli^h'ovt < h.inco of our failhi!? tn show u sufH rioiitly hunuinltai Ian spirit. Tho <ian l.or com o? in tho oppositn diroo.im. Thoro avo still troublos ahoad in I h o islands. Tho iasurrootion iian 1 <??) 001:10 an affair of local banditti ajn^lJ luarandors. who dosorvo no hi^hor i o yurd than tho hrigahds of portions of tho Ohl World. l^noouraKomont. d'rort or indiroct, to those insurroctos stands on tho Hanio footing ns onooura:rc niPiit to hostile Indians In tho tiavs when wo still had Indian wars. !uv aetly as otir aitn is to Klvo to the In dian who remains peaceful the full. 4st and amplest consideration. ,>nt to havo it understood that wo will show 110 weakness if ho goes om tho wur path, no wo must make it evident, un ions wo aro false to our own tradi tions and to tho demands of civiliza tion and humanity, that while we will do everything in oiu- power for the Filipino who is peaceful.. we will take the sternest measures with the Fili pino who follows (ho path of tho In surrc. to and tho ladrone. The heartiest praise is due to lart^e numbers of the natives of the islands for tholr steadfast loyalty. Tho Maoa bebeg have" boon conspicuous for their cftura.qo and devotion to tho fiag. I recommend that the Secretary of War bo empowered to take sonio sys tematic action in tho way of aiding those of these men who are crippled In the service .and tho familios of thoso who are killed. Tho time hns conio when there should be additional legislation for the Philippines. Nothing better can bo done for the Islands than to Intro duce industrial enterprises. Nothing would benefit them so much as throw ing them open to Industrial develop ment. The connection between idle ness and tnjFchief in prdverbial, and the opportunity to do remunerative work is one of the surest preventives of war. Of course no business roan will go info tho PhllJn?>!?\?o ?\n\\f=^k it 1*8 to his lntorest to do so; and it Is Immensely to tho Interest of the islands that I10 should go In. It is therefore necessary that the* Con gress should.. pasp/ laws by which the iosources of tlTo islands cun bo de veloped; so that franchises (for limited terms of years) can bo granted to companies doing business in them, and every encouragement be given to the Incoming of business men of every k'nd. Not to permi* this is to do a wrong to th# Philippines. Tho franchises must be granted and the business per mitted onlv under regulations^ wliir h will guarantee tho Island?) asalfint anv kind of Improper -exploitation. Hut the vast natural wealth of tho Islander must developed, and the t api/al wllligrg to\dovelop it must be ^von the ifcpportknftfcv The field musf bo thrmvn opef^"#) Individual enterprise, wfiich has b^en the reial factor in the development \pf_..pvery region r.vrtr which our flag ha# flown. It is urgent^ ly noces8arv to enact suitable laws dealing with gcnoral transportation, mining, banking, currency, home steads, and the use and .ownerahlf* of the tflTNTit " anVT timber. These la-.vs will give free play to industrial enter prise; and the commercial develop ment which will surely follow will nf for4 to thtr peoplu oT^tlie Islands the best proofs of the sincerity of our de slro to aid them. I call your attention most' earnoatly to tho" crying need of a qable to Hawaii and tho Philippines, to be con tinued from tho Philippines to points in Asia. Wo should not defer a day longor than necessary the construc tion of sucli a cable, it is demauded not merely for commercial bnt for political and military considerations. Hither the Congress shou!% imme diately provide for tho construction of a government cable,' <Jr elao an ar- 1 rangement should be made by which like advantages io those accruing from a go^rnment cable may be secured to fno government by contract with a private cable company. No single great material work which remains to be undertaken on this continent Is of sncb consequence to the Amorican people a$ tho build' log of a f tfnal across the Isthmus con*, nectlng North and South America. Its* Importance to the Nation Is by no means limited merely to Its ma terial effects upon our business pros T>?rlty ; and yet with view to these ef fects -upon our business prosperity: and vet with r)ew to these effects alone) It would he to ..the laai. degree important for us Immediately to be Hi ft. While its beueflcial effects wptild perfcftpe be aod marked upon the ParWc Coast and the On If a?f flMth Attastte mam, itwwum h*> jPittlr bum fttir mtWi. it te Miphkiliwilly a uhfck trft for tte Juter^t ef eadre oeuutiy to which calr ? astka jQaa Mder t^Vi' with prospects of success, an. I \yli Icli w licit done itt u not only po. ie i nM?? as.><-Wi In t !??* nations tu i i>. i;il interests, but statisliu.^ luuiiuau nu to iu coio>mu ii>c unitity. I aht ftiad to bo ublo to nntyoun.c to you Ui.ti our iu'i;<>ii:wh>ns on i trt* subject with Great tlii.ian, eonlm ei on Doth sides in a ts i> i :x i of iri.illi iks a ami mutual ipjod will au?l i*' j b poet, have resulted in my lit* in:; al l'' t to lay b? lore the Semite a treat. whic h i! raliiie.l will enable us u> le I >mii pit-pa- atioiis for wn ? Irlhini.ui j < anal at any time, ami whieh t;.i,ir;i i | tees to thus Nation e\er\ ii*.ht il I. as ever asked in t niitit t (U>n with tlu' eunal. In this tiefl'tv. the old *'u. tondiuiwer treaty, ko loitf: ivco..ii .< I a* ina. (equate to supply the ha ,o lor the eom inuiian arid uiaiiu? r. un e ot a ?te> essarlly Aitle.ieaU ship tan.il. is | ahrnjrate ?.!. It speeilh all> piM.i l that the I nlod Stales alone 'hall d'> | (h? work ot' taihhii.'.; ;t i I ? ! a>sMtjie the r< sponsibilitv of ! :ile.:? irdiii,; the ! tail. .1 and .-hall r? U.o us neiniai ! ia-j ?/ il>" ' S Our N.fvy, ? The triK,> ? n.l of ? ur.v jve.il r?n ! I free people si. . el l le r.olf respv. t in : P'. ae; aiel this Nation 1.1 st nruonilv < 1 * i ! oh sincere aie.l cordial friendship with all others. Over the entire vo I. of recent years, wars between the prcat ? iv;!i/ed powi :s have ^"nime ' less and les-.s frciiucnl. Warn with bar barous or semi harl arous peoples conic in an entirely different category. ! Li in;; inerelv a most regrettable 1 lit ne< essary intoi nai loitiil poli< e diitv whieh must lie pvrfoin:cd tor the sake [of Hie welfare :>f mankind. l'ea?e < an I oi.lv he Kept with cert'lintv whore J both sides wish to keep it; buf ??i<?ve and more thn civilized peoples are }o i all/Inn the wicked folly of war and n:e attaining that condition of just nji I j In 'oil Ik* nt regard for the rights of ot h ore which will in the end. ns wo hope anil believe, make world wide I peace possible. The prace eonfercn e jat The 11 at; ue pave d( finite exprcs i sion to this hope r,j\ n 1 belief an1 j marked a stride toward their attain ! incut. j Tills sanio peace conference ac quiesced in our statement of the Mon ; ioc l)octrin<j an compatible with the ; purposes and alms of the confenn< o. | Tho Motjvoo Doctrine should bo tlx; j cardinal feature of tho foreign nolley ! of all the nations of the two Americas, as it is of tho United Stktes. Just seventy-eight years have passed rime i President Monroe in his annual ir.es i suge announced that "The American j continents are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future 1 ? ionization by any European power." In other words, the Monroe Doctrine j Is a declaration that there must be no ! territorial aggrandizement by i>nv j non-American power at the expense : of any American power on American i Foil. It Is in no wise Intended as j hostile -to any nation in the Old | World. Still ,less is It. intended to give cover to any aggression by one j New World power at tho expense cf I any othOr. It Is simply a step, and a i long step, toward assuring the uni versal peace of the world by secur ing the possibility of permanent peace on this hemisphere. During the past century other In ! fluences Juive established the pt r ! manencc and independence of the [ smaller states of Europe. Through the ! Monroe Doctrine we hope to be able ! to safeguard like Independence ai.d secure like pe^manonce for the lesser f amonK tho New World nations, j This doctrine has nothing to do with ' the commercial relations of nnv Amer i lean power, Bave that it in truth al I lows each of them to form such an 1 It desires. In other words; -ft Is really a gunrantv of the commercial inde pendence of the Americas. We do not : ask under this doctrine for anv ox i elusive commercial dealings with anv other American state. We do not ' guarantee anv state against punish I ment if It misconducts Itself, pr?>\ bl ed that punishment does not take the , form of tho acquisition of territory I by any non-American power. i Our attltudo In Cuba Is a sufficient f guaranty of our own good faith. We ! have not the slightest desire to secure ny territory at the expense of nnv pt ^ oiiy?jjelghhors. We wish to work , with them ?hand in hand, so that all of , us may l)e uplifted together, and we j rejoice over the good fortune of nnv of them, we gladlv hail their material prosperity ami political utabllltv, ap-l ^arg^ concerned and alarmed If anv ' them fall li;to Industrial or pollfl j chaos. We do not whsh to see anv j World military power grow up on J conti.nffut.-or .to he compelled tf i come a military power ourselves. The peoples of the Americas can pros per best If left to work out their own salvation In their ownL.way.. The work of upbuilding the Navy must bo steadily continued. No unc point of our pollry. foreign or domes tic, Is more Important than this to ?>?<? honor and material welfare, nnd above all to tho peace, of our Nation In the future. Whether we desire -U or not. we must henceforth recognize that wo .have International duties no Irs*. than international rights. Even if our flag were hauled down In the Philippines and Porto Rico. cvenjf we decided n?H to btilld the Ithmlan f*Thit. we should a thowmghty trained Nary of ad equate slzo. or else be prepared defi nitely and for all time to abandon the idea that otfr Nation Is among those whose s&ns go down to the sea In ships. Unlesrtour comraercc Is always to be carrl^T In foreign bottoms. WiK^ronst have war craft to protect It. ^ - Inasmuch, however, as the American people have no thought of abTnfloirng the path upon whl^h they have entered, and especially In ,*:?? of the fact that the building of the Isthmian Canal la , fast becoming one of the.m?t(era j*aleb.|. [ the whole people ara' trnited In do m ending. It le Imperitfre that our Na vy should be put end fcept la the high* eet state of emdenez,Jlli-jehmii4 - be made to answsr to onnffrowiag nfeds. i So farironrbelac la a provo cation to wa* an adeqtfata and highly i^ttalaed navy le the beat *o*rantyi against war. the cbeapet and mo* t of- 1 feetlve paacs taaareoee. Th? coetof { ill itlfttiHtu scab a aeey ' ita the Tery ttgfcteet yreatfaaa anas pi 4m abiib tfeia HmIor ft elSyaotthec great * ?? ' - ? ? . . - -- world l?'*\ *1i\Un:.s for peaeo as wo .iii". The: a -i> not a bijij'.lt* civil tuotl power which li^s anything w It :* t ?? v >**" 10 l?Mr from aggress vness on our put. Ml we want is j i t. r, .111,1 toward t't s end wo \\ i.-di u> be ah - (o secure tile st'iii' re.<p\ t ! : oar u It is from oth i .-i which aii' t.t..r; tttul anxious to r* te:i.| to t!uir rights in iciurn, to insure fair n ea< nn lit to n.s ; omnu iv ally . ar.-l guarantee t J. *? safety of ll\o Ameri can people. Tho Monroo Doctrine. ( > m r 1 1 inu n.ls to abide by 1 1 Monroe l'oftriitf and to insist upon it :s t!i" out* fine means of .sertirinsvLlu' 1 <? ft* o: t : e \\ ? stei n lleni. sphere. 1 ho \ i \ v nf.'i- : ;? tis i h c (inly in his of ma w m . n the Monroe hut a sab. < ft v ? r th - ii. ii ion choose* i o s i ! vi the pea o wit" It to hi: \ y offe: ;? us t !i nur insis. iTa i . n \ . h in? \\ !:ati \ st Wet' Of lie.ht ?t r n v to l! I.' i t s n e ! n | e.lt the ? in; n \Y . Me t< Imp ?ii;: jest :n t? I on let'.i s and tho .V V >v > a n ?JlipS lll<? t etl long in II". t t o war l't h<: It ami the n en ti a.: nee, ile awartMhg the fullest honor io who i ;.inll> commaa Ic I ,'iHd. ? 1 ? ?> t"fi o ^PJTnish !??? i f ?:?? . s n the I'iulippU' a a ad in Cuba. \w mrsf rot forget tiiat an e.junl meed el* pralrc belt. iuih (o hose without whom neither blow eould li.ive I a atrucii. Tho Naval Militia fore's are >\t'i;o on: animal hois, mii I ai t- traine I for ? vis' . i r\ re, ami in e vent t?f war they will ?ii 1 1 tut.e the inner lii>j? of tie. n ?\ 'I hey shoitl I re.'eiv ? lioaVty eneour.igo t.:it f :;>?m t!ie <!oheral CloveiJiinta.. Hut in additi n we should at oil e 1 ? < \ I <! (* frr a National Naval lJe*"Ve . . : t!iive<l and tiained under the Jlroo ? t ii of the Navy Pepart inei.t . and l? t to the call of llic Chief Kiootulv.* whenever war become* imminent. It i-houltl he a real auxiliary to the naval ?; ';oini; peaee establishment , and offer :i ."terial to be drawn on at once for manning our ships in time of war^lt should I c com nosed of gradunto| Naval Aeatleiny, ftradiuV val Militia, officers av ? line steamer#, fishing vessels gether with the such centers as 1 i{?ll t * llOUtfPH. Tho American build antl maintai or cU'o make up tli tt> accept a secondary' national affairs, not n tint in commercial, ma well slid that there Is i eq.uitlng national dlsastVr than to b? "oifulont, aKjci essive, and unarmed, ' It Is not necessary to Increase our Army beyond its present size at this time, llut it is necessary to keep it at tse hl/'hest point of efficiency. Th.> in dividual units, who as officers and en listed men compose this Army, are, we have rood reason to believe, at least us e^fieient ns those of ony other army In the. entire world. It is our duty to y'ee that their training Is of a kind to In sure the highest possible expression i.f power to these units when acting In combination. finitely iiiitn 11 1 leal. ?jT asimuH pr way of The con clt lions or modern wnr aro snrh as to make nn Infinitely heavier demand than ever before upon the Indi vidual character nnd capacity of the officer nnd the enlisted ' man, and to make It far more difficult for nun to art together with effect. At presj fighting must he done ordrr. which moans thaL must act for hifrFeii nnd t i m ?? net in eombinniioj*/1 with whom he it? no longel fashioned elhow-to-elhow such conditions a few men of est excellence aro worth mt many men without tha npeel which Is only found ?s $>> special Iralnlrrfc applied to ceptlonnl physique and nowadays the most valuaoi man and the most difficult Is the rifleman who is also and daring rider. A great debt in owing from lie to the orcn of the Army an? They should he so treated as t< them to'rrtch the highest point ficiency, so Mint they may bo atj respond Instantly to any demand upon them to sustain the Interel the Nation and the honor of thel The Individual American enlisted lft probably on the w.hole a ulorc itTnble fighting man than the regulai any Hj.her army. Kvery consideratl shouldHje shown him, nnd In return tl highest Standard of usefulness' sl.oul! be exactcd from him. It la well wortl While for the Congress to. consider* whether the pay of enlisted men upon second and subsequent enlistment* should not be increased to correspond with the Increased value of the veteran soldier. Volunteer Soldiery, No other cltir-on deserve so well of th? Republic as the vetei?*tiCthe sur vivors of those who say^d the Union. They did the one deed jjrhlch if left un done would have meaSt that all else In our history went for nothing. But for their steadfast prowess in the greatest crisis of our history, all our annals would be meaningless, and ourJ great experiment In popular freedom 1 and self-government a gloomy failure. Moreover, they no{ only left us a united i N i ii>j n . but they left us atao aa a.berjkf tafe the memory of th e^rngfiTy" deeds ' by which the Nation was kept united. We aro now Indeed one Nation, on% in fact as well as In name; we are united in our devitlon to the flag which It the symbol of national greatness and uni ty: and- the very completeness of our" union enables us *11, lp ever? part of the country, to glory la, the valor shown alike by the sortr'of the North epd the gaas-of the flout hla the UuHTI that tried men's touts. CMI Service, y The merit system of miking appoint- i meati Ufa Iti es>ene~ " ' sad Americas mm the system itself. It simply i dories! duties sre W* * wXi? ?ir> iloubtcdly 3 Thou* ui\M will lea cM not U> a;w f>;rj by >'? wlu'Vi* uim though mLt IK-SI |>UMIU ai> .llTTT?T-n?>,-? lOiV U'i Ulla. 'I he Consular Service. Tin* onmular service Is now organi se I uml t ho provi <K as; of a law paoj ft ill Waall li v'MlMf'ly inadequate to cxfjr :ii>; o.mdi unis. Tho lnt>nwt shown by s? many > oannerelal, h'xlioo * >i : v ii<^h.>ut till' t ouchy in (ho reorgan isation of tho .s.orvue U heartily com mended in your attention, So. vorak h lis pr vidiny, for a n >v consular sor v i ft* have la <#eci 'it .w'ais ho. u' tinhmit tcd to the Congress 'j hi y are U;v30(k ! t:(. >n t lie uist prl ?t.-i;>h> thai appoint- , u,i nis t ? tho .-t'l vi ?> ishould ho mauo . ily ;if:< r :i prnoi I c .1 1 ion: of tho oppll* *:U * lita.'s that pio. notions should! l>" i- )\i ri ril hy t rii:' t wort h i ijciUJ, ndap-- ; lahihtv, jijitl v al in tho performance of, <!niy, ami that *bo tin it re of .o.'lice I, > . ! .1 not ho uuailVcU'd by parMJiiT, .? ?. ... tlvi at i .iiH. (1 St. Louis Hxposition. h I h. .ijVM'i tho most ro' ilial suoportB in", i tho i' a ? and j Jj.. >:> ' z.7 ?-?**? srTon ?v tVm n\ -iIh' i, '' Hi.' One UiuuluMlt h Annftp^riarlu of th- 1 .on l si ma purchase. Tola !>Uft, tho tin it* at Instance o;' o oh pans "ij in our "history. It definite! (i < iloil that wo we:e t t beromo a jjreal" cohtln.'alal it public. by I'm* tiro forols on ?:t i ow< r in t iso Western Htnnis-> pheje. it iH.uno ? t" throe or four , 'treat., .1 i i.lavn i.s 'in our history? tho t'.reat tufiiiu^' po nln in our development. It is t nmi' Mtly lifting that all our people should jo h with heartiest good wIM m cri'-^n-.oint-rallJiK it, and the eltlzoaa of St Louis, of Missouri, of ail tho rlja~* c'rit iti'ion. are entitled to ovory ajd in making tho o lehratlon n noteworthy event In our aunnji. VVe c:\rnstftly hope that forolgn nations will appreci ate ^be doop interest our country takes la this Imposition, .and our vlovr of it,? importance from bvery standpoint, and that they will >partlcipato In suc.ur ing its success. Tho Nail-anal CJovorU' ment should ho'feprwjontcd by a Cult and complete net of exhibits. The Charleston Exposition. ffhe people of Charleston, with (?^at energy and elvlc* spirit, are e-arryvig ion an Exposition which will oontlnue Ithroughont myst of the present bo.wIobi ? f tho Congrona. I heartily recommaud this Exposition to the Rtiod will of . the people. It deserves nil the ene.oura.go ment that can he Riven It. Tho mma ger? of tho Charleston Exposition ff?\v? reouested Hie enhlnot ofllcora to , lac# therent the Government whi(^i -have?been at Uurfnlo, promlo'ng to par tho neooKsiry expenses. I have tak^i* the responsibility of directing, that thia i?e done, for ! feel that It is flu* to Charleston io help her In hor pral*o worthy effort. In tny opinion tb? management should not ho required ti> pay all these expenses. I earnestly re commend that the ConsreM appropri ate at onen the small sum necessary for this purpose. Postal Affnlrs. The remarkable growth of tho pos sorvlee Is shown in the fact that revenues have doubled and Its 6x pcijidltures have nearly doubled wl'.h In Jwelve -jMMyrs. Its progresalvo de velopm^t compels constantly Ineroas Ing outlay, but In this period of busl-. ness energy and prosperity Its receipts grow so much faster than its expenses that tho annual deficit has been stead ily reduced from 111. 411, 779 in 18^7 to $3,923,727 In 1901. Among tho .rocent l^j^vanees the success of "Ufa!, 1|*y wherever estaljllshed f\fi? ^?Yrt?ed iliut: ana actual ex made Hn benefits ao plain V-. nand for its extension to ?r*ent. ? " ' . tho great agricultural -uld share In tho Ira - service. Tho number m<W qsow In operation is 0r* " i H established wHhln there ara 6.000 apipl action, it ?? exi , tn operath?? atl/ths nt fls cat??.y?w' will v ill will Jthen*be dally fe. s of B. 700.000 of our '\ % cretofora been do-. \ Ati offices. ?ad ono V-_^0*T ?Mon of tho country, ? ~ ; w It will bo covered 'V .v " wT ^ growth of our ** \ on tho Pacific, Mna must bo ot cern t0 u#* 9 he aottlemenU ."6 out of tfce wr _na ot/ 1900. * J?I?t BOl#_ ?V rBpra38"nii ' In Decern- ? pted by tho' protracted ieve^r^SKT:. iSfSST protocol wltW^lC ** plenlpoten tlariee on the^r^W' leat Oeptetnbar. setting forth thV measures >t^e% by China In compliance with the demands of the Joint note, and satisfaction therewith. It wlU *>? before the Congress. the plenipotentiary on behalf tf Jh* United States. Mr. William Wqodrlll} Hock hill, to whom high for the tact, good Judgment, - Ky be has displayed in perj excsptrosally difficult ?? task. \ Conclumion. The death of Queen Victor!^ eatiaed the people or the United States. 4c?|>T and heartfelt sorrow, to which ttm Gorornment save fall sxpnuDM. When Preaidenr McKfnley dlad, </ur. Nation In torn received frofc a?tnr ipjanif or the BrUIah Empire - atom of grief and eynpathjr WMiftK. cere, The de^thof tbe Emprnae Dowa ger t)p?dtftek of Qermeiif |yn tnjfnf -me ttruTae ^lnpat) i- of t^M|Ai: paophr, and ihfe^eympathf ?m Wmr ally reciprocated by OertM? fffrj? tigj rrtaldent wae innigim lliriit rWta. eVcTT Quarter of Ite iKjllWi A PECULIAR CA uowil Y UUllg \V ll j sued ond Co Jh 1 ? great ex^tc >y. D\iiiUK *\ce K. E uuleil \o wa \ 12 .'rrv. (O ol und \%j (Mima moat of r. UabU a out,r ( \ in airy r hundrpt ie ticetnif - were. aking^otK MtfA>pc(V 11 bullet (h him in t Mr. I3abt rolled SUM and aa 11 e party ro Uloofthi inn^n'TTift >uso, Mr. The daze< way to H him. Civ a to And t vhlto mati could g'n \ would n is partn( v neigh *guna * vn ' t<