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_ i IMPROVE DRAINAGE \ "^\i izT*"" | | Tillable Land \ I * . too fett % i Springy Spot Reclaimed by Tlllngand Wet in Spite of a Fall of E (By E. K. JOiNta.) The occurrence of an excess of water is an Indication that some source supplies water faster than it is removed. The water is either coming too fast or it is going too slowly Areas at the foot of uplands from which water oozes during the greatei portion of the year owe their wetnese to the excessive seepage' from the up land. On the other hand, retentive clays, due to the fineness of the soil and flat muck or peat marshes, due to lack of fall, are too wet, primarily because the water is removed from them very slowly. , It is evident that the drainage con ditions on an area may be improved either by hindering the entrance ol dAniAeinr wnfpr linnn nna nlrio nr hu facilitating its removal from the other To accomplish one or both of theBe Improvements, drains must be com structed to give gravity a better opportunity to remove surplus water. Drains may be open and shallow for surface drainage, covered and deep for underdrainage, or open and deep for both. The capacity required to remove surface water can be obtained most - i b hi lllll j:!'[[! j Poorly Well-Mf|j^ Jolntt?Tlt? CONDITIONS BY TILING _ _ '? v H/Jl / I ? | Tilloblt Land \ i Largt /worst -Before Drainage This Spot Was Boggy light Feet Between Lines 1 and 3. trench is filled, and the surface of th< field is left smooth. Water enters tht ! tile at the joints and flows toward th< outlet. To prevent the entrance ol I sand with the water, tile laid in sane must be protected by a layer of claj ' or muck. Tile that are well laid last ' for generations. A tile drainage Bye 1 tern put In seventy-five years ago In i tight olay soil near Geneva, N. Y., li > still working. j ? The roots of trees sometimes clof > the tile. This occurs when water from ' a distant source is carried by the tilt i through a soil from which no drain age is taking place. In such casei Unao nf Hlo flhnilM hi U CCB UCOl UiO tlUWD V4 ? ? ? I removed. ! Thi path that water has to trave ' through the soil Is the same whethei . It be directed to an open drain of a i particular depth or to a line of tile ol the same depth and not full of water The two are equally effective as un derdrains in all soils, with the advan ' tage in favor of the tile because it It i out of the way. i/ In sand or ciay, tne iwo reei aeep 01 more are not injured by freezing, pro i vided they contain no standing watei ; when they freeze. In muck or peat tile should be laid below the frost line because these soils may expand enough upon freezing to heave the tile to a damaging degree. Unglazed tile are just as good as glazed tile, excepl at an outlet exposed to tne weamer At such outlets glazed tile or wooden flumes bear exposure without injury Three feet is the common depth oi lines of tile In sticky cla^ In sand? subsoil a tile four feet deep can drain a strip 200 feet wide as easily as one three 'feet deep can. drain a strip 10C , feet vgda Lines cutting pg seepage I LIVE-STOCK-FRUIT-0AIRTIH8-8AI New Wrlnklee F A ? .: Progressive Agriculture I TOLD IN IN INTENESTm MINH L. i^sasSi EXCELLENT RATION FOR COW ( f If Farriers Would Depend More on Silage and Leu on Pr.sture Herd* Could Be Dotted. A good ration for cows giving milk <s silage twice a day, corp fodder once a day and all the bean forage they will clean up, with about one pounti grain or concentrate to every three pounds milk the cow gives. If the beans vreze 4 pulled before becoming too ripe anjtf ' secured without much rain faUlng oji * them, the forage makes good feed. p Roots are valuable to increase the C nllt, I WW Tf WL Uiiia, r If we would depend more on silage . and less on pasture, our dairy herds might easily be doubled and the tirnf j enriched accordingly. Many farmers | have been slow to awaken to tbS. that dairying brings excellent returns. , Many unprofitable crops are ?tft( ' raised where the land might better hjg ' growing feed for live stoek. impermanent pasture is a waste on' less the land cannot be plowed. Every acre should be made to raise feed( few stock to the limit of Its capacity, and . this should be fed right on the farm, returning the fertility to the sofLraffid < PAIL OF GREAT IMPORTANCE Where Clean Milk la Produced BntiKIt Top Receptacle la Neoaaaary to Exclude Bacteria. The United States department of agriculture has this to say abodt milking: "In modern dairies whera clean milk la produced the email-top milk pall 1b a necessity, as such a pall presents only a small opening into wtycft dust and dirt may fall from the dlr, or from the cow's body.' It has boo# found by'experience that the ude of; the small-top pall greatly reduces the. number "of bacteria In milk from storage dallies. Many types of milk patia' are for sale. any tlnne^^^j?| KfflWmi.FlELD CROPS-SILOS-PIGS T?' R M Xk lYl Making the Farmer*' D 'Li ' Buslneee ?. l D Pr?*ub" ?1 EXPRESSLY FOR OUR READERS i iifeATiWft unrsQ for r.Hni fra hnimu i ivuw vii w . Summary of Results Obtained From - Use of 8srum Are Interesting as Well as Valuable. ?iy GEORGE H. GLOVER, Colorado ExI periment Station.) lln a Recent report of the chief of tse bureau of animal industry,' a sumBjarj of the results obtained from tho up of serum are interesting and valuable its Indicating the usefulness of wim in InfhoteJ herds. for iMBt hogs. where 70 per cent wrestck with cholera and the serum #iven to all of them, only 24.3 M^^einS IUsd. Without the serum a Wait-of 75 per cent might have been !f*lne of the serum as Kl ft|<rtbft U apparent. In 11,776 hogs | tlfii were well when given the serum vjljft fcept In herds with sick hogs, there lOM'Of 8.9 per cent, while In a ' *V*1 13*578 hogs that were healthy, L An given the serum, and later ex[ J7P?d to cholera, there wa8 a loss of jofcr ft Uttte over one-half of one per | Jfcithe record kept by the Colorado college, we find that In tn? $on t*is valley, where hogs were hv|#ren the serum until the disease there was a loss of about ||^||mjse for hogs Advantages They Are loved to Fresh 80II :o Construct. I hog house for farI ias many advantages I tlon sort, writes C. 8. county, Nebraska, in H, easily moved from Hiv. nr tft frMih nnfl In TURKEY IS A SELF-SUS x"* 'A l l'?^ I - v ^ - " - ? , ^ Turkeys Cannot 8tand < (By E. VAN EENTHUTSEN.) COlO! There is no other kind of live the ] itock that will return so large a profit Buff to the successful producer as will the ] poultry, and no kind of poultry Is more Mi profitable than turkeys when handled In tl properly. j and The fact that turkeys will, from the for 1 time that they are six weeks old till ing ] winter sets in, gain the greater part Th of their entire living from Igigs, grass* made hoppers and waste grain that they ly ii pick up In their wanderings over the yean range, assures their existence through In this period at little or no cost to the Is th grower. the 3 They may -he termed self-sustain- clain In or fnnvan vhana thav ft ova aitffl. Rnlf cient range. and i The chance of profit In the produc- ket t tlon of turkeys 1b gradually improyIng as a result of a more general use pn> of thie flesh. W\lf There cannot be much opportunity for growing poults to maturity when Smal they are hatched late In the season, P' they may be sold for broilers at a good profit. / I . \Ta (a vmapa ?raInaA In nnw 1Bren It iiu UIDU ID invito TOIUCU III VU1 UUgy r~ cities at .the present time than chop] broiled poults. Brit 1 Turkeys that are hatched early in tity < the spring would grow to weigh from ?ome fourteen to twenty pounds by Thanks- conta giving wee? wond These weights are often exceeded Th by the best growers, but as they are TAINING FORAGER I Confinement. 1 of plumage. The Bronze and tfarragansett are the largest, the and Slate are the medium, and Black and White the smallest ich Improvement has been made tie size of the Whites of late, they have moved up to contend irst position, some of them havpassed the thirty-pound mark, e same statement may be soon ) of the Black, as they have great* mproved during the past few ). addition to the foregoing there e nonstandard variety kno;wn aa Sourbon Reds. They might well i the position now held by. the turkeys, being quite like them more largely grown for the marhan are Buffs. * ' < SS AND GRIT FOR CHICKS I Quantity of Meat Cut In 8ma!l leees Should Also Be GivenTemperature of Brooder. la well to have some finely ?ed up grass and some coarse tor the chicks and ei small quan- ' ^ If meat cut up In t?y pieces, or of the manufactured foods that <* .in meat will help to grow then* erfulljr. e temperature of the sleeping ,/