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y... *** r?>t ^ * TIic Date on the * ******* ^ ij/Tu ' m m . p;< a., wa ^ * /> <. h * ijabel ,s th? (,at? * Watch Label on R . ^ K H g ^ ' \?TVJ HR Your Paper Will fe * Your Paper ami * j V* j *' V ! A M 1 | | I g ' iv * Ifcr: yvOF iU I41P4I 43?* & UW** . >:; r ' - | ^ T?K .,n.,,V ?,.,,,V S?,T? CAKO...V1. TH~KS!.AY M.KX.V,, KK,m, AKV ? .?- ^ FLO EPIDEMIC Li S. C. Ill YEARS AGO m! , : IE TOLD AROFT IN I',\PEIt BY A CHARLESTON DOCTOR. k Nine Families of Children Left Or| i pirns at Cashaway Ferry by S: the Epidemic of 1807. j y Few articles which have appeared je in the News and Courier -lately have exppfjted more commenf.that the re-Y publication last Monday of Dr. Ramsay's account of the influenza epidemic of 1807, which spread Nor:h j and South from New York like $ ' wildfire at least half the population 'v * of Charleston being dftlicted with it ia the course of a very shoi t period. There is another contemporary re? port on this 1807 epidemic which is Cin some respects even more interes:7:' irg than that of Dr. Ramsay. It too ?I?r ~ ~ -v. i/vr) nh\ fci. Ey" was Dy an em mem, v/uaik.vu.. ml ,*^u of that day. Dr. Joseph Johnson K jfeonXt^exiracts from it undoub-cd y K^will be^-elcomed by many reader.: \j but before giving them perh-ips there W are some who would b.' glad t> know what attention the ep domic f attracted in the newspapers at that | tune. Comparatively, a great deal. It > must be remembered that in 1807 f newspapers in gene.al g.ve prac i| cally no space to the publication of I I local news items. The Charleston papers were no exception in this respect; the theory, apparently, being that people knew what- was h ppening at home and thai the function of the newspaper was to inform them as to what was going on at the vaiious seats of government and of the status of affairs in Europe. The four pagos of the Charleston Courier in 1807 contained daily three and one half pages of adver5, tisements and about three columns I of matter devoted to a discussion of ? what was being done by Napoleon, or at V/ashington, or by the State ? Legislature, or to the war cloud then thickening. Six or eight inches was the maximum given to Charlesn^Rton affairs; and that in general was up -with marriage notices and will be understood from the ^^^S^going tha* the fact that the pref valence of influenza in the city was J mentioned at least five or six time3 during the fall of 1807 means that the epidemic was a real sensation; even more so it would appear that .l> In the "endemic" fever, which likewise raged at that time 114 deaths occuring from it in September. ? First Mentioned October 15. The influenza epidemic had started in New York in August, 1807, according to Dr. Ramsay. The first mention of it in The Courier was on Thursday, October 15. "The influenza", it stated, "is becoming very I prevalent in this city." A week la& ter, or to be exact, on Friday, Octov ber 23, it was stated: "The influenza has become so prevalent that it ; is supposed upwards of 5,000 per-^--sOns are now afflicted with it in this city. It has not, yet, so far as we can learn, been attended with any mortality.'' The next item which follows this is interesting, "Greitly as we have Tt" been distressed during the p st summer," it reads "with oppressive heat II the ravages of an uncontrollable d'sease, and the stagnation of business, ?yet under the blessings of Provi^ dence our planters hive made more luxuriant crops iirm Hi man; '$ ceding jears, and the weather con? tinned remarkably favorably for the gathering of them in." ! One other quotation fr^m The Courier before passing to Dr. Johneon's narrative. On December 2'], 1807, appeared the following: "We learn that the influenza is now very jfe prevalent at Havana, and that it is attended with a very considerable fl degree of mortality.*' In 1807 Dr. Joseph Johns >n was k president of the Mediral Society of f South Carolina. Dr. Johnson was the father of the late Dr. John Johnson, long rector of St. P' i'ip's church. He is probab'y be~t known as the author of John=on"s Traditions of the American Revolu'ion. 'jfe At the anniversary merti- g of t. the Medical Society held on Decem| ber 24, 1807, Dr. Johnson devote 1 X his address to a review of th^ weathJr er and the diseases of Charleston dtiring the year, the address hoinv ^^MSikiiohii^ r nf fhr> sociofv. rUVtiOUVU UJ V1%?W. w- ... Dr. Johnson begin his address 'ith an account of the weather, commuting in detail upon the severity of the cold with which the year h id w set in. "The changes in February and March,'' he savs, "were very I great and sudden. On the fith the (temperature fell thirty-two d' arcs In seventeen hours, as appeared by our diary, and had probably been lower, but had risen at 8 o'clock in thir'y-one hours, a^d nr^v other changes of fifteen to twenty four de WINS AXOTHKK I'lJIZE. Earl Hayes, Dillon County Hoy, Win- 1 ner in the Hoy's State Corn Club County Agent Epps is in receipt of a letter from Supt. L. L. Baker stating that Earl Hayes, a Dillon ; county boy, is winner of the second j prize in the Boy's State Corn Club. ] The prize is $15 in War Saving's given by the National Loan & Ex- ] change Bank of Columbia. This is Earl's third prize in corn ; growing contests. He won the first ? prize in the county last year and al- < so the year before. His prize for 1917 f was a scholarship to the summer i short term course at Clemsun College j during the summer of 1918. The l scholarship was given by the college and the banks of the county contrib- j uted the money for his traveling ex- ( penses. As a boy he is not allowed ? to attend the short course more than i once and last year the county banks ; furnished the money to buy him a ( $15 watch. Last year Earl made 95 % bushels of corn at a cost of 22 i cents pc bushel. <, The state prize winners have been j invited to Charleston by the Charles- j ton Chamber of Commerce when a j dinner will be given in their honor. ; They will be the guests of the Cham- , ber of Commerce during their stay ( in the city. i grees are observed in short periods during these months." After a cold -.aid backward spring there followed an abnormally hot and dry summer, and this was succeeded by a long drought in the fall. The "endemial fever'' raged . and September was, "from sickness and death the blackest month ever recorded in Charleston, there having . been 328 interments, of wiiich 114 were from endemial causes, and at j least one-fourth of the inhabitants ^?At?,?, oq nnn in number) iesumuicu ai. i.u,vvv ... were affected with influenza about the last of the month." During October and November 1 "the inhabitants were distressed ' still more by the clouds of dust which ' drifted in every direction. * * * All 1 the ponds and many of the wells and ( springs were dry, so that in country places many cattle died for want of water and travelers could not obtain ' a sufficiency near the road eittrer- J for themselves or their horses." i At this time a comet, which was . first observed on September 15, though Dr. Johnson thinks it was probably visible for some time before that date, was arousing much discussion. "By many,'' says Dr. 1 Johnson, "the dreadful influenza ] that oppressed them, with all the 1 aggravations of the drought, were 1 ascribed to this comet." The doctor ( ridicules such a superstitious theory. ' His own account of the epidemic ( follows: "Influenza is noticed as occuring ' in March and April, although not ( sanctioned by our journals. My ! opinion, which was then supported ) by the concurrence of several eml- 1 nent physicians, has since been confirmed by a correspondence of symp- * toms with that which prevailed in ( the fall. On the first of its appear- * ance in the latter period the symp- ' toms were so mild that few required ' the attendance of a physician. * * * [ This lulled many into a tatal secur- ' ity, and when about half the inhabi- ' tants had been attacked by it a cold 1 change took place in the weather, ' during which many relapsed and ' several lost their lives. "So general was the prevalence of this disease about the middle of Oc- 1 tober that many families h d from ' fifteen to twenty tick at o e time; servants cou'd not De nirea iu uo t..c duties cf a f-.mily, nor nurses procured to aittuJ the Mvk. iie'ap e; were frequent. In all suoh tajes the j symptoms were g ea'ly ; gg avateJ ' and frequently accomplished by \io- t lent determinations to the Pleura i and Medistinum. j "However severe the influenza i was in Charleston, it w is much more i destructive in the interior country 1 and along the northern boundary cf 1 the state. In Georgetown ejg t per- 1 sons were lying dead in one day. and in Allanstown, in North Carolina. < out of nine masters of faniilirs sev- t en wore said to ha^e di d of 'h!s ; complaint; whole fcimilb s were sic1: 1 at the same time, and in a small i neighborhood at Cashaway Ferry < nine families of children are like- 1 wise sahl to have been 1 ft orphans .< by this prevailing mal-idy. Wi ll < persons advanced in years it was most violent; next to these with per- i sons of irritable lungs; next wi ll . persons left debilitated by previnu 1 inflammatory eompla:nts. * * * " i "Bleeding a'd < th r c\a<u nt i with emollent drinks were t' e onl" l remedies necessary at the first, bi't 1 frequent bli :ters w re afterwards ' requisite. In the country pi re i above mentioned bleedini: is said to have been injurious, and probably so. as the difiicult'rs a'Pnd n r country practice render it imposible for so active a remedy to be reoson- 1 ably applied." < A GOOD COTTON BILL. Senator linker of Florence Would Limit Cotton Acreage by Legislation. The following bill, which limits ten teres of cotton to the plow, has been introduced by Senator D. Gordon Baker: Be is enacted bv the general assem3ly of the State of South Carolina: Section 1. Every managing head of my farming enterprise in this state shall be required to file with the auiitor of the county in which such 'arniimr enterprise is conducted, be lore June 1 of each year, or for the rear 191!> at such later date as may )e fixed by the governor, if he deems same to bo advisable, a sworn s'a'enent of the muub-r of acres of land mder cultivation, the number of icr> s of land under cultivation, the lumber of a res planted in cot'on, ind the number of lioi^ea, mu'e ; and >ther animals used in such enterprise. The land owner to make return for lis own farming- ope a ions and f< r share crops laud -, and the 1 \. eo of lands to make reluin lor the !a d> rented by him; and the failure t> liake such return or the melting of i false return shall subject the perscn, firm or cor. o alion cfJbrutiug < r jontroling such enterprise to a fine of cot less than $10 nor more than $2."j per acre for each acre of land plantid in cotton, which fine shall be a ien second only to taxes, oa all c op :( produced by tlie said farming enter-' prise, aiid may be collected or en-! iorced in any manner provided f r he collection or enforcement of other' iens; Provided, however, That the planter who does not produce morel han ten bales of cotton per each animal us?d shill not be subject to pen lilies imposed for the violation of; :he provisions of this act. Sec. 2. A tax of $25 per acre shall! Pe and is hereby imposed u;>on all lands planted in cotton by ar.y farm-) ?g enterprise in this stite in excess; >f ten acres of land per horse, mule pr other animal used in such enterprise, which said tax shall be payable pn or before October 15 of each year :o the treasurer of the c unty in ivhich such farming enterprise is coniucted and such tax shall const'tute l tax lien on all crops produced by he said farming enterprise, which tax shall be collected and enforced in :he manner now provided by law for the collection of other taxes. ?5ec. 3. One fourth of all fines collected under the provisions of this ict shall be pad in each case to the person furnishing the information ind evidence upon which the convic:ion was obtained and all other men;ys collected hereunder whether fiaes >r taxes, shall be paid to the treasurer pf the county where farming enterprise is conducter, and shall be used, .o defray the necessary expen.e in- j :ident to the enforcement of this a t, ind the remainder, if any, shall be' lsed as a fund for permanent road i mprovements in such ccur.ty. Sec. 4. The comptroller general of his State is herebv author z d and 1 lirected to furnish the auditor cf ?ach county with quist'onaircs sui ibly prepared for the purpose of re:urns required by this act, and the lounty commissioners of each county ire authorz:d ar.d directed t) make uch provisions as may be ne es ary "or the effective admini tration o' his law in their re pective counties md to pay the expenses tliere or > ut jf the general funds of t" e c unt , Sec. 5. This act shall take 'ffeet mmediatcly upon its app o.al by the governor. o What Ty, o Will Do. On one occasion a b'shop sent an irticlc to a paper, in which he s id. 'We pray too lord ard work tro 'i'!le." Tlte compositor, conrri u lv o inconscionsly, porp"t,atrd a Htt'e jo!:e, for wh n t!i"? ar id apn a e' t read. "We bray t^o loud and work oo li'tle." "I let it go at t' a','* sa d :he bishop. "The feet is, I be'ieve the printer v-s right, and I have lever vent'Td to ror cc h'n " A fanio"s Tl-i'ish gone '1 po oc^ed, if literary leaning-, in the co r or in addtess in Edinburgh year fn. b'd o fnsi^n to r^" *erk tha' he and kissed th? "m"s s" i n" ?-ri it made it appear that the gal'nnt snilier had k'ssrd the "nur e I? ti's lot'er of oorroof'on a1- or1 i a spirit of rog-o1, the p nera' pv d1 i' doar ilia* ho had ha'' in sn"'> l rk' The mea^i^g of a rpr" p p1* dn ponds verv mu"'i on the rn""'u ti"n An oi'iinr wo'e "TVh"" Vy Joan* lectured on dre ,<* sh" wo " no" i that was reoiarkah'o " TTow t1"* ^o podt"r C"'"o fn tk" oo rl-*?*lo th"* this shon'd red "Who" airs Jo"olo"t"red on ? '>" v*n o *?? " H<? fip* was re'Par'*ah'o " mai's -a mystery. Xew Ad vs. Ttoad fhe "P'v ar' o-*,r thi"? ipsno of: T."Mn n v Goods Co., F'S" P",,f ^tn-p HUES XKWSIMI'Klfc FOR $100,000. Former Lieutenant Governor Bethea Asks Heavy Damages from Columbia Record. Andrew J. Bethea, former lieutenant-governor, has brought an action against the Columbia Evening Record for $100,000. Gov. Bethea alleges malicious slander. In view of the fact that Dillon is the native home of Lieut.-Gov. Bethea much local interest is felt in the proceeding. Lieut.Gov. Bethea went to an of ficers training caj^jp m me x\ew migland states early last fall and received a captain's commission. Shortly after returning home he was advanced to the rank of major. He still held his commission as lieutenant-governor and presided over the senate until his successor was sworn in. He was wearing his uniform while presiding over the senate, and it is alleged that the Columbia newspaper made slighting remarks of the incident, calling attention to the fact that the lieutenant-governor had no light to wear his uniform because he was not in active service. Later the Columbia paper published an article under the caption, "Li< ui-Governor Disrobes," or something to that effect in which it is alleged that Mr. Bethea was held up to ridicule. Following the publication of the last article Mr. Bethea brought suit against the newspaper for ? 100,000, alleging malicious slander. o Cotton Acreage Reduction. News and Courier:? The movement to bring a bom a re(lucton of (he cotton acreave has thr endorsement of the strongest leadership the farmers of this sec'ien ha\e We do not think that the scuodness of such a policy can be successfully attacked. All tlie conditions cry a warning against the production of a big cotton crop this year. The South cannot disregard this warning with out paying dearly for the experience. Of course the effectiveness of what was done at Columbia on Thursday must depend upon what is done also in the other cotton growing States. The acreage-reduction movement must be general if it is to accomplish results. It can be made general and the promise is that it is going to be. Campaigns similar to that just initiated for South Carolina already are under way or in contemplation for o'.her Cotton States likewise. The energy and the earne tness with which the movement Is pushed will tell the story. In the past efforts tG put through a campai n of his kind have failed first of nil because the farmers themselves d'd not have faith in the movement. Over and above that, the bankers and merchants who we e bch'nd the farmers ? J- It -1 rrv.^,. nnn, s'ltjiieveu hi n ciisu. me; >Tc?t ready enough to grant cr d't on a prospective cotton crop regardless of the price outlook. They we-e not ready to grant credit on anything else the farmers could offer. The bankers and the merchants and the farmers have all learned a thing or two In the past four years. It has been proved that organized e"fort Is possible and that organized effort does count. It has be^n discovered that it does pay to rnice other things along with co'ton. Credit co dit ons ave in all respects henltfii r. Finally, the labor situation is such as to constitute a powerful argument in favcr of a reduced cotton acreage inst a l of an argument ag in t it as was the case tip ' o three years ago. The influ-^i.ce wh'ch a big cotton acre-'g" would have on co t n pr cos is enough of itself to c ntr 1 th? co'ton growers. It is only one tf a number of power ul reas'ns why th y should c"t th"> cotton a<"r ag \ T'u if this is to b"* the procram i' shou'd he p-'t to operation f r ?nd w!d a^d in the most thoroughgoing fa hion. That en only l e u n^ by means of an effec'ive cr anization and much nam worn. o Services at the Moth-enlist Church. Main street Methodist cluir"h, Dr. Watson 11. Duncan, pastor. Sunday school at 10 a. m., Mr. W. Harry Muller, Superintendent. Preaching at 11 a. ni by the pastor. Subject: "Prayrr and World Evangelization." At the evening hour the congregation will join in a Union Service t th * IJaptist church to welcome the new pastor, Itcv. W. C. Allen. Prayer service on Wednesday at 7:30 p. m. Public cordially invited to all services. Married on Friday. On Frdnv February 14. 1010, at the Motliodiat parsonage Mr. II airy Gregory, of Cherter, S C., nd Miss Lena Lichens, of Di'lon, were niar ied, the ceremony being performed bv Dr. Watson B. Duncan. The haply couple will make their home in Dillon for the present at least. SAFETY FIRST. I ' ' J To Farmers and Business .Men in Cotton Territory. The Department is just issuing a bulletin which I have prepared for the purpose of putting the present situation up to the farmers and business men. It is entitled, "Safe Farming in the Southern States in 1919." Ask your county agent for a copy. The present situation is the most dangerous which the cotton states have faced in recent years. You have had four yearR of comparative pros perity, partly because of four short crops of cotton with resultant good prices, and partly because you produced so much of your own food and feed. Druing the last four years there have been short crops in Texas mainly due to drought. In' 1911, 1912, 1913, and 1914, the Texas crop averaged 4,418,250 bales, while during 1915, 1916, 1917 and 1918 it averaged only 3,164,500 bales, or 1,253,750 baleg Per annum. Texas has had good rains this winter. From 1911 to 1914, inclusive, Oklahoma averaged 1,036,250 bales per annum. From 1915 to 1918, inclusive, the average was only 742,250 bales or 29 4,000 bales less per annum, mainly due to drought. Oklahoma has b id splendid rains this winter. A big crop in Texas and Oklahoma has always meant a big crop in the whole country. Think that over before you decide to increase your acreage in cotjton. Will the mills of Northern France land Belgium be restored to full workling capacity at once? Certainly not. Will the poor people of Europe seek 1 lood or conon: ruuu, ui cvmoc. People can and will wear patched | clothing and sleep without pillow leases and sheets if need be, but the hungry stomach must be fed. Think about that. The last four years have been a period of gradually increasing prices. ! Farmers and business men have profited out of this constant increase. Cotton just about kept pace with other things. A pound or an acre of it i would buy about the same quantity of other commodities in 3 918 at 30 cents a pound as it did in 1914 at 12 cents a pound. But during this time the farmers had the advantage of purchasing supplies in the spring and j summer at one level of prices and then selling cotton in the fall at the ! top price of the year and paying the debts contracted at the lower prices. Be on your -guard now, for when prices begin to settle down the situation becomes more difficult. We may I be in the position of making a crop of cotton with high priced supplies and settling our debts out of cotton at a lower price. Especially will this be true if we produce a very large crop and thereby do all in our power to lower the market price of cotton. Has not a large crop always meant lower prices? Think that over. What about acreage? Let us look at the acreage figures in the bulletin. jThe total for 1918 was 3S>,89u,uuu. Oklahoma had more acres planted in 1918 than in either 1911, 1913, or 1914. Texas had more acres in 1918 than in 1911 and only about 700,000 acres less than in 1914. The years 1911, 1913 and 1914 were good years witli big crops and generally low prices. With only 150,000 acres more in the whole country in 1911 than we had in the whole country in 1918, we produced 15,693,000 bales, and the farm price December 1,1911, averaged 8.8 cents per pound. In 1913 we had 37,089,000 acres and produced 14,156,000 bales, and the farm price averaged 12.2 cents per pound December 1, 1913. In 1914 we had 36,832,000 acres, or only 942,000 acres more than in 1918, and yet the production was 16,135,000 bales and the farm price December 1, 1914, was 6.S cents per pound on the average, due in part, no doubt, to the war in Europe. Think this over. With less acres than last year and, a gt.od season we can easily make a ......... S.t.rtn ncilOM'ri'lv With POOd >ei? Hl'hC o production in Texas and Oklahoma. In 1012 with only 34 283,000 acres we made 13,703.000 bales of cotton. With a good season ahead of us, would you increase the acreage? Which would you rather do, produce more cotton and take a less pi ice for it after working a larger number of acres at greater expense, or limit your production to a smaller number of acres, better tended, permitting the full production of your food and feed and a better chance-for a good price? It is absolute folly to upset the present prosperity of the cotton states by planting a large acreage which mil only mean a large crop and a lower price. I hear rumors of farmery selling their livestock to put th ir land all in cotton Su'-h action is inviting disaster. 11 larmis, i.uiulrrds, morcli-ints and bankers combine tii pull the house clown upon their own heads by producing a larger crop of cotton, they should have the courage to make no appeal to the root of the world for help if their COUNTY NEWS AND HAPPENINGS NEWSY LETTERS BY REGULAR CORRESPONDENTS. News ItemK of Interest to Herald Headers, Ebb and F.ow of the Human Tide. Sellers. Prof. Arnold of Lake View.preached at Antioch Sunday afternoon the absence of the pastor, Iter. W. C.. Foster, who is still away in Florida. Mr. Hoyt Watson who has been hi France since last spring has arrived in Washington, and is expected home at apy time npw. 'j^Lieut. Curtis Legette has also returned froin France as a Washington paper states, laden with medals and glory. ... We are glad to learn thqt Mrs. D. L. Smiih and her two charming daughters,'Misses Jessie and Mamie, from Whiteville, N. C,. will move t? tellers soon. Miss Pauline McDt.niel has been ill the past week. She is better now, and hopes to be able to resume her school work soon. Prof. J. G. Baker entertained his pupils at his home in Latta Friday evening. Needless to say the young folks had a fine time. , Fork News. Misses Emma Carmichael and Thel! ma Rogers spent several days last week with Mrs. Rufus Rogers of Mar- t ion. i Dr. and Mrs. T. W. Carmichael of I Rowland spent Sunday with relatives here. Jim Braswell left Monday for Winston-Salem, N. C., where he has accepted a job in tobacco business. Lamton Carmichael who is working in Columbia was home for a few days last week. o ATTACKED BY DOGS. Citizens Ho* Disagreeable Ezperieae* With Three Savage Dogs. Mr. Wesley Stackhouse tells a Herald mail that he was attacked by i three savage dogs in the western suburbs last Saturday morning just before daylight and it was with difficult that he kept the dogs from throwing him down and injuring toim. Mr. Stackhouse was on his way to his son's bouse when the dogs attacked him without warning and it required considerable fighting to keep the angry beasts away. And this incident reminds us that too many dogs are allowed to roam the streets. Not all I dogs are dangerous, but any dog is I likely to become vicious under cer1 tain circumstances and the safest jplan is to require all dogs to be mii' zled or to make their owners keep them off the streets. own action leads them into distress. But remember that there is a good way. Look in the bulletin. Food plus cotton equals prosperity. Full production of the food for our people 'onH tho for our growing live i stock industry in the south should be the first and most important consideration. Safe farming demands ca?| tion this time. Supply your own needs j first as a sound measure of protection, then hold your cotton acreage down to a moderate figure, less than in 1918, in order that we may safe1 guard the production and not destroy our prosperity by deliberately overproducing. It is up to the south to play a safe gume. Safety first demands that every cotton farmer, big and little, shall coopera'e in holding i down the cotton acreage. Yours very truly, BRADFORD KNAPP, us. ? Chief. OFFICIAL NOTICE OF WOUND. War Department Xotl ios Mr. M. A. Stuhbs of Wounds Received by His Son Sin;,th. I * ' Mr. M. A. Stubbs is just in receipt of un official catninunicatioi from fho war denartme it notifying him of the wounds received by his son Smyth four months ago. Private Stubbs was wounded by a shell fragment while as<l ting in the const ruction of a dug out near wie battle line. He notified his parents at the time, telling them the wound was not of a serious nature, hut official notice was not received until a few days ago. Private Stubbs has been doing detail work sine > leaving the hospital and writes that h" is enjoying himself. Union Service. The different congregations will join in a Union service at the Baplist church on next Sunday night at #,'*>!rw?ir This service will be for the purpose of welcoming the new Baptist pastor, Rev. W. A. Alle?. I