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'-'•V KfiT 4 *.'**•■. «*• T* ni.WliUfi; TT" T'i * II ■ ' t4 I T/* Good ROADS NOTES, Oat* For Vouiik Animal*. ‘ There are two reasone why oats are •u excellent feed for young and grow ing stock. They have enough bulk because of their chaff, so that grain in moderate amounts will not heat or cake in the stomach, and the charac ter of the grain supplies just the nu triment required for growing animals. It takes very little oats per day to keep a yearling calf or a colt thrifty and greatly increase its value after the winter’s feeding. [,! rrolitlcacv of Fowl*. It is very easy among a lot of fowls to decide which will be the best layers. It is always the hen that has red combs and that gets up the earliest even in cold weather. When a hen is moping and dumpish she will not lay many eggs, and those she does lay, while they may be all right while fresh, for eating, are worth little or nothing for setting. If the eggs for setting were always chosen from fowls that were themselves active and vig orous, the greatest possible improve ment in the prolificacy of fowls would be made at no expense whatever. Frnlt Growing on Hill I.itn(l4. Some of the best fruit in all sections of the country comes from the hill districts, where both climatic condi tions and soil seem to promote cer tainty of crop and fine quality of fruit. Hills bordering running water have rich surface soil, with porous subsoil resting on lime rocks that are ■lowly disintegrating, and a natural drainage. But location, however good, is not sufficient. Orcharding requires diligent, patient work, knowledge of when, why and how to spray, and how to secure protection from enemies. Never allow trees to bear fully. Thinning is one of the pest possible practices, thereby get ting less fruit, but of far better grade. —L. Oieger, in New England Home stead. Three Crop* In a Greenhouse. Boston greenhouse gardeners often follow the last crop of lettnoe with a crop of beets and radishes. Good rad ish seed is important. A favorite va riety of beets is the Egyptian. The seed is started in hotbeds and trans planted into bouses about the first of May. Beets are set four by eight and radishes one inch apart between the beet rows. The care of the beets and radishes is'Tery much the same as if grown outdoors after the plants are set. ..Bowsof cucumbers are often set along the edges of the beet and radish beds and trained on trellises over head. The cucumbers do not shade the other crops much before they are pulled and out of the way.—American Agriculturist. Feed For Breeding Ewes. 1 Breeding ewes have not onlyTto keep up their own animal heat and energy and provide for the growing feet its within them, bat they have also to make growth of wool on their own bodies. That they do not always get enough of the right kind of food for all these purposes is shown by the fact that the wool from ewes is less valuable tbau tbat from an equal weight of wool from wethers or ewes that are not bred. Possibly some weakness of the fiber is inevitable in that which is produced while ewes are dropping their young, when there is naturally more or less fever. But the wool may be made much better if the ewes are giveu succulent food to keep their digestion good and brau mashes, which are just what are needed, not only for making the wool, but also to produce a thrifty and vigorous lamb, which is also born with more or less wooly covering when its dam must furnish from the food given her. lT*e of Humua-Formlug Material. The claim of Southern farmers that elover, cow-peas, weeds Mud other green manurial plants turned under dry, rather than green, give better re sults, is well founded. Grocn manuring has been practised for centuries in Europe and for some years in our Northern States, and valuable results have accrued from euch a course. But for the last few years farmers and scientific men have differed upon the plans of turning under these green crops. Oar best Sonthern farmers are al most unanimous in preferring to turn under the crops when dry than when green. Necessity may have at first brought about the plan of turning under the crops after they had become matured or dry, and this necessity may have been the menus of demon strating that it was more profitable so to do. The mysteries of Nature’s labora tory stored in the soil are hard to un derstand in plant life. The same toil will produce a root that is nutritious and healthful to man and beast, and at the same time oue that is poisonous to both. Yon may graft a sour apple on a sweet stock, and the came tree will produce both sweet and sour ap- | pies. So it is with the changes that take place in the soil in turning under green and dry substances. The advocates of turning under our crops when dry claim that the fermen tation that takes place when green crops are turned under is different from that of the dry substances; that the green crops sour the land, and un less lime is used it is an injury and not a benefit to some. Then the crops are green in August, and they claim that lands turned up and exposed to the hot sun are in jured, This is true, as a cotton crop which requires late ploughing and close culture is more injurious to our lauds than a corn crop. Some of our best farmers report an actual injury in yield of crops where cow peas were turned under green in August. But all agree tbat peas sown in land and turned under late in the fall, when dry, do benefit the lauds.—B. D. Lumsden, in Farm, Field and Fire side. Inteniivo Fanning. If farmers who delight in owning and working large areas could see the crops taken from small plots by the truckers near New York City, they would receive au object lesson in in tensive farming which would be ef fectual. On Long Island and in New Jersey especially, there are dozens of patches, not farms, which, with the aid of a few hotbeds, are made to pay high rents and support large families. The soil is kept to the highest point of fertility, every inch of it is thoroughly cultivated and every ad\ an- tage is taken of the lay of the land. From the first day that the weather will permit the soil being worked un til the ground is finally used for celery blanching, it is constantly employed in crop production; it is no unusual sight to see half a dozen men indus triously at work on an acre or two of ground. It is the same principle the florist applies to plant and flower growing. If his benches yield but one crop of plants or blossoms during the year, his business is a failure. Every square foot of it must yield two or more crops for a profitable year’s work. —Orange Judd Farmer. Com Misrepi Care sho comparis made tb $2000 a other 8 same tin roads ar< built, roads, graded, nearer t mer.—I « Condition* Carefully. entation makes mischief, be exercised in making s. Statements have been some States are paying ile for g«od roads, while s pay $10,000 for about the . As a matte? of fact, the ery unlike, and differently st-class, permanent stone 11 drained and properly e likely to cost very much latter figure than the for- A. W. Bulletin. ’ Vilfirant Form* of Pavement. Therelis no one variety of pavement suited ti all degrees and forms of traf fic, saws the Municipal World. “Granii) block pavement is the most darablefwhich can be constructed, re quires lut little repair and is well adapted to steep grades, but is rough, noisy |ud trying on the hoofs of horses.! Asphalt is a very smooth and agreeasle paveuoent on which to drive, is banpsome, sanitary and may be kept vary clean, but is less durable than granite, and cannot be used on steep {Trades. Vitrified brick is fairly well adapted to steep grades, ranking next k> granite in the foothold afford ed houses, is smooth and less noisy than granite, is very agreeable for drivUg or wheeling, may be kept very clean, but is less durable than either granite or asphalt. Crashed stone (macadam) is the most agreeable for driving, is not noisy, is superior to all in safetj is adapted to steep grades, but under excessive traffic is very ex pensive to maintain.” The Petrified Fove*t In Arizona. Steps are "now heing k taken by tha Government to preserve one of the greatest wonders of this country from destruction for commercial purposes. This is the petrified forest of Arizona, which is located in Apache County. The largest and finest specimens of silicified wood in the world are taken from it. Whole trunks of trees and stumps with portions of the root are found there, converted into stone as dense and hard as the finest agate. Every cell and every fibre of the former wood is preserved in stone. A forest of trees appears to hav« been entombed in the rooks and to have been preserved by a slow process of replacement by silica from solutions permeating the bed. Subsequently the surrounding sediments were washed away, but the enduring fossils of the trees remained. Tons upon tons of specimens have been taken away by collectors and dealers. A company has been formed in South Dakota for catting and polishing the stone for architectural and decorative work. Sections of these trees four feet in diameter and large enough for the tops of tables have been cut and polished. Many specimens were shown at the Paris Exposition, where they were greatly admired for the perfect preservation of every detail of struc ture of the wood, for the very high polish and for the exquisite inter- blending of colors in the mass, due to the presence of various oxides in the original silicifying solutions. No other country in the world, it is claimed, can send to the lapidary such magnificent raw material of this na ture as the petrified forests of Arizona afford. A Queer Houm. A queer honse, built of iron and thick glass, has been erected on the general hospital grounds in Yokohama by Dr. Van ner Heyden, a bacteriolo gist. The purpose in its building was to exolnde, as far as possible, the gerraa of disease. To that end it is built dnst-tight and with insect-proof joints. It has no window-sashes. Provision is made in the second story to allow the escape of air from within; it enters only by means of a pipe, is carefully filtered through cotton-wool, and to make sterilization more com plete the air is driven against a glycerin-coated plate which captures such microbes as pass through cotton. Strong sunlight also helps to destroy possible survivors. The impurities due to breathing and other causes are carefully absorbed by chemicals. It has been found that milk and unsalted butter remain sweet much longer in this dwelling than elsewhere.—Boston Globa. A Stimulus to Life in Rural Communities. We have 1,300,000 miles of country roads in the United States. Most of them are so bad that hauling is costly, laborious and often cruel work, white driving for recreation is out of the question. The pleasures of country life would be doubled were there turn pikes in every neighborhood. Notice those counties in Kentucky, like Shel by, where the roads are kept in a high state of improvement, and others, like Green, where there are virtually no highways. Witness the improvement in the rural life of Hardin and Warren counties, whicli have recently built ex tensive and valuable systems of turn pikes. There is no greater agency to stimulate farming and the <whole life of rural communities than the build ing of roads; no other so easy to bo re sorted to. It is not necessary to invite foreign capital; it can be done at home. It will relieve the hard conditions of rural life so fully that the drift of the population to towns and cities would be at once arrested. * » Whaa pleasure and profit are so joined together as in this scheme o& improvement why should there be hes itation ?—Louisville Courier-Journal. Good Road* Easy to Secure. A Pennsylvania paper says that a competent engineer and contractor offers to give bonds to gridiron Lan caster County with first-class macadam roads within five years, so that there won’t be a farmer who will live over a mile-and-a-half from one of these roads on any side of him, and three-fourths will live immediately on them, pro vided a four mill tax per annum on the county's valuation (outside of Lan caster and Columbia) be paid him for ten years. This looks like an easy way to get good roads. The county is about twenty-eight ty thirty miles, so it would require nearly 500 miles of road to cross it in both ways, every three miles. Bat the contractor allows ior building 600 miles, as fol lows: > EXPENDITURES. 300 miles, 15 ft. wide at f3,000...900,000 300 “ 10 “ “ “ 3.000.... 600,000 Interest on annual expenditures.. 250,000 Bepaiis for live years. 100,000 *1,850,000 RECEIPTS. Tax four mills, annually for ten years on valuation, *66,616,841..*2,604,670 Interest on annual receipts 598,537 Deduct expenditures. *3,263,207 . 1,850,000 Net profit *1,413,207 And this on a tax of only fonr dol lars on each thonsaud of valuation.— L. A. W. Bulletin. To Work Virginia’* Convict* on the Road. The bill introduced in the Virginia Legislature, for the employment of convicts on the roads of the State, provides that all able-bodied male prisoners, ’sentenced to jail or peni tentiary for more- than ninety days, shall be subject to work ou the roads. Those sentenced to county jails shall work upon the roads of such counties, unless there ia no immediate need of them, in which case they may be hired to other counties, but only for road work. , The convicts not required for ser vices iu the penitentiary are to be dis tributed among the counties, on ap plication, ami none are to be hired out for any purpose but road wors. Not .less than five, nor more than twenty-five, are to be assigned to any k one county, every assignment to be made for a year, unless shorter time is requested, and even then for not less than ninety days. If the number of convicts is not sufficient to fill the applications, they ore to be supplied ratably, Convicts, in respect to their work, are to be under the control of the connty authorities in which they work; bat, as prisoners, they are to “remain in the custody of the 8ta£e authorities as if they remained in the penitentiary,” and transportation ex penses, guarding, feeding, clothing and medical attendance are to be paid by the State, the counties to provide suitable shelter. Each county is to adopt and put in operation a scheme or plan for working its roads by such prisoners in its jail as are available, together with those which may be secured from the State, and “every county shall an nually levy a road tax of not less than fifteen cents, nor more than thirty cents, on every one hundred dollars of the value of the property, real and personal, assessed for taxes in the county, the proceeds to be applied to road improvements in said county.” Cost of Bad Road Transportation. Some very interesting observations as to the cost of bad roads to farmers were made in an addreis delivered to the students of Union College, N. Y., by Mr. Francis V. Greene, President of the Barber Asphalt Company. As a thorough discussion of the expense as well as the inconvenience of bad highways is necessary to bring about a reform some of his remarks are here reproduced: “In the older and more settled por tions of the country the railroads are so numerous and the rates are so low that they yield but a small return on the capital invested, and the construc tion of new railroads has ceased to be an attractive field for investment. The rates cf freight have been steadily reduced, year by year, until they are now barely one-fourth of what they were thirty years ago. Still the trans portation problem can not be consid ered as satisfactorily solved if it costs as much to carry a tou of wheat or pota toes to the railway station as it does to carry it 400 miles over the railroad. “The bad condition of the roads be gan to attract widespread attention something over ten years ago. Certain elementary principles were evident at a glance, to wit: the price of farm products is fixed at the great cities or centers of consumption and distribu tion, and is wholly beyond the farmer’s control, and the cost of transporta tion is a principal factor in determin ing his profits or the possibility of any profit. On the railroads this has been reduced until it varies according to bulk, from one cent to six mills per ton per mile. But the average roads are so bad that a two-horse team and wagon, the value of which is $3 per day, cannon haul a ton of produce more than ten miles and return in a day. The cost of road transpartation is, therefore, thirty cents per ton per mile, or about forty times as great as the rate on the railroad. The average distance from the farm to the nearest railroad station is at least ten miles, so that it costs as mnch to get the goods to or from the railroad station as to carry them 400 miles on the cars. It only needs to state these element ary facts to show what an enormous drain bad roads make on oar re sources. “It is evident that an improvement in these conditions is imperative, and the remedy is equally evident, for it has been proved, not only by me chanical experiment butby actual test, that the same force which draws oue ton on a muddy earth road will draw fonr tons on a hard macadam read. On the improved roads in New Jersey loads of four to five tons are habitu ally drawn by a two-horse team. This effects a saving of fully three-fourths of the cost of hauling to the station, and reduces the cost of road trans portation from thirty cents to seven and one-half cents per ton per mile. What this saving amounts to may be imagined when it is known that the New York Central railroad alone car ries nearly 20,000,000 tons of way freight in a year. If this is hauled only two miles by road to or from the station, and a saving of twenty-two and one-half cents per tou per mile could be effected, it would mean a total saving of nearly $9,000,000. These figures may seem exaggerated, but they will no longer appear so when we realize the saving actually ac complished by the reduction iu rail road rates in the last twenty-five years. For instance, in 1869 the average freight rate on the New York Central Railroad was 2.4 cents per ton per mile; in 1893 it was seven mills. This saving, on the business of 1893 is up ward of $64,000,000. This is the re sult which lias been accomplished by the application to the railroad prob lem of the highest available talent. During these same twenty-five years little or no attention has been given to the railroad problem. The roads are as bad now as they were in 1869, and the cost of transportation over them as great now as it was then. In the next twenty-five years the results ac complished on the common roads are likely to be as remarkable as those achieved on the railroads in the last twenty-five years.” An Axed Scholar. There is a school teacher in Kansas who writes to her superintendent that she is seventy-four years of age and wishes to pass the examination for a State certificate, and also to enter for a year at the Normal School to study new methods. A Won*en*lcal X off on. Some folks actually believe that they can cum •kindisease*ibroughtheirstomachs. It's absurd on its face absurd on the face of the man who believes, too. because bis disease stays rlcbt there. Stay* there till be usee Tetteriue. It s the only safe and certain cure for Tetter, Ring worm, Eczema and other Itchy Irritations. Good for Dandruff, too. At drug stores, 50 cents, or by mall from J. T. Shuptrlne, Savannah, Ga. Some men who possess neither gold not •liver have lots of brass. Drsnrii*. Isdiovstiom aad all Stonueh brooblea •end hr Taber’« Ftp-in Compound, gampi* boMI* ■uai.adfrcr Writ* Dr. Taber Ht* Co.. Savannah, Ga. The battleship Kentucky took water in those launching ceremonies. Educate Tour Bowel* With Caacarokr. Candy Cathartic, care constipation forever. jCo, Me. It C CL C. fall, druggist* refund mooey. U3*>ae •dollar you pay back looks twice as the one you borrowed. 9x> Cure a Cold in One Day. fvhe Laxative Bromo Quinine Tablets. All Ongglsts refund money if it falls to ours. 25c. Come to think of it, a worthless man aouldn’t be worth less, anyhow. Mrs. Winslow’s Soothing Syrup forchildren teething, softens the gums, reducing inflama- tion,allays pain,cures wind colic* 36c. a bottle. It is wicked to bet and lose, for a man has no moral right to be wrong. To Care Constipation Forever. Toke Cascarets Caudy Cathartic. 10c or Mu If C. C. C. fail to cure, druggists refund mousy. Everything seems to get round In a sewing circle. Lyon A Co’s Pick Leaf Extra Smoking To bacco is made from the purest, ripest, sweet est leaf grown in the Golden Belt o. N. C. Whenever the counterfeiter needs money bad he makes it. Chew Star Tobacoo-The Beit. Smoke Sledge Cigarettes. A man may be fast asleep, but rather slow when awake. Doa’t Tobacco Spit sad Smoke Toar life Away. To quit tobacco easily and forever, be mag netic. full of life, nerve and vigor, take No-To- Bac, tbe wonder-worker, tbat makes weak men ttrong. AU druggists, 50c or II. Cure guaran teed. Booklet and sample free. Address Sterling Remedy Ca, Chicago or New York, Love and sea sickness may be felt, but they cannot be described. ness alter first day’s use of Dr. Kline’* Great Nerve Restorer. $2 trial bottle and treatise free Dr. R. H. Kline. Ltd..«t Arch St. Pfaila.. Pa. Land and a Living Are best and cheapest in the New South. Land $3 to $5 per acre. Easy Terms. Good schools and churches. No blizzards. No cold waves. New illustrated paper, “Land and a Living,” 3 months, for 10 rents, in stamps. W. C. Rineakson, G. P. A., Queen & Crescent Route, Cincinnati. SpringMedicine A Good Blood Purifier a Neces sity Now and! i tha Hood’s Sarsaparilla Unequal! for Making Rich, Red B The necessity for taking a good i Medicine to purify the blood knd bull the system is based upon natural i •voidable causes. In cold weather th has been less perspiration and impurit! have not passed out of the system as I •hould. Food has consisted largely rich, fatty substances, and there has 1 )eaa opportunity for outdoor exercise, the result is, the blood is loaded with Im purities and Uiese must be promptly ex pelled or health will be endangered. Hood’s Sarsaparilla is tbe best Spring Medicine because it is the best blood purifier and tonic. It thoroughly purifies the blood and gives vigor and vitality. HOOd’S ^parUla Is America’s Greatest Medicine. $1; six for *5. Hnnrl’c Pillc ar * the favorite cathar- nuuus mis tic, AUdmggiets. 25cta Corn responds readily to proper fer tilization. Larger crops, fuller ears and larger grain are sure to result from a liberal use of fertilizers - v -. • f j ■ ?•' containing at least actual Potash Our books are free pa fanners. lyilAT ‘‘BOB TAYLOR,” ’ ’ GCV. OR TENN., SAYS. farbl* City Drug Mfg. Co., Knoxville, Tenn. Gentlemen:—In reply to your letter of tecent date, will **y that I did r-celve gr*»i leneflts from “Dr. Frame’* Cough Cur:." I .•onslder it the beat remedy for coughs and told* I have ever used. Youre truly. Robert L. Tatlob for *ale by all druggigtaat25c., or seat dliect 8 N. U. No. IL--’*8. GERMAN KALI WORK*, 93 Nassau St., N«w Yak-